| cloning, expression, and characterization of ferret 5-ht(3) receptor subunit. | ferrets (mustela putorius furo) are useful animals for determining anti-emetic activity via 5-ht(3) receptors in vivo. we isolated a cdna encoding the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) type 3a receptor subunit (5-ht(3a)) from ferret colon, expressed it in a human embryonic kidney cell line and determined its pharmacological properties. the open reading frame of the isolated cdna encoded a 483-amino acid protein, corresponding to the shorter splice variant of 5-ht(3a) receptors. splice variants were no ... | 2000 | 10884508 |
| steroidal modulation of scent investigation and marking behaviors in male and female ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | gonadectomized male and female ferrets (mustela putorius furo) given either testosterone propionate (tp) or oil vehicle preferred to investigate the side of a test cage previously soiled by a breeding male or female as opposed to a clean side. male and female ferrets receiving tp showed more urogenital wiping than oil-treated animals in either side of the test cage. in a 2nd experiment, ferrets treated sequentially with tp, oil, and estradiol benzoate (eb) were given simultaneous access to sides ... | 2000 | 11149544 |
| therapeutics in ferrets. | the domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) continues to grow in popularity as a pet species in north america as well as many countries around the world. with this rapid growth comes an increased potential for small and exotic animal practitioners to expand their ferret clientele. this article reviews the commonly used therapeutics in ferrets, as well as the general principles and guidelines for their use. | 2000 | 11228824 |
| unusual immunophenotype of a soft tissue sarcoma in a european polecat (mustela putorius). | the most commonly reported tumors in ferrets are carcinomas, followed by round cell tumors. soft tissue sarcomas are reported and characterized much less frequently. because domesticated ferrets (mustela putorius furo) are direct descendants of european polecats (mustela putorius), the types and prevalence of tumors are expected to be similar in the two species. presented here is a case report of unusual immunohistochemical staining characteristics of an abdominal wall leiomyosarcoma in a close ... | 2001 | 11300678 |
| pathogenesis of two strains of lion (panthera leo) morbillivirus in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | canine distemper virus (cdv) was previously considered to have a host range restricted to the canid family. in 1994, the virus was associated with sporadic outbreaks of distemper in captive felids. however, after severe mortality occurred in the serengeti lions (panthera leo), attention became focused on the pathogenesis of the virus and a concerted effort was made to identify the virus as cdv or a closely related feline morbillivirus. the present study was designed to explore the susceptibility ... | 2001 | 11355661 |
| adrenal teratoma in four domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | teratomas are histologically complex neoplasms that are composed of structures derived from multiple germ cell layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). these neoplasms are uncommon in domestic animals and are usually found in the gonads. this paper describes teratomas of the adrenal gland in four domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo). three of four of the neoplasms contained tissues from ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal germ cell layers; two of four contained rudimentary teeth. in one ... | 2001 | 11355665 |
| concentrations and hazard assessment of pcbs, organochlorine pesticides and mercury in fish species from the upper thames: river pollution and its potential effects on top predators. | aquatic environmental contamination levels of organochlorine pesticides (ocps), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and heavy metals in the upper thames catchment area, uk were assessed on the basis of fish muscle analysis in wet weight, and their effects on top predators were assessed. the contamination levels of lead, cadmium, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (ddt) and its metabolites were found to be low (undetectable) in the area. average mercury contamination level varied between 55 and 342 m ... | 2003 | 12656245 |
| effects of anaesthesia and manual restraint on the plasma concentrations of pituitary and adrenocortical hormones in ferrets. | two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of sampling techniques on the plasma concentrations of pituitary and adrenocortical hormones in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). in the first experiment blood was collected on two occasions from 29 ferrets which were either manually restrained or anaesthetised with isoflurane. in the second experiment eight intact ferrets were fitted with jugular catheters and blood was collected on four occasions, just before and as soon as possible aft ... | 2003 | 12762488 |
| animal models of pneumocystosis. | as in vitro culture systems allowing to isolate pneumocystis samples from patients or other mammal hosts are still not available, animal models have critical importance in pneumocystis research. the parasite was reported in numerous mammals but p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) experimental models were essentially developed by using rats, mice, rabbits and ferrets. the rat treated with corticosteroids for 9-12 weeks is a useful pcp model. like laboratory rats, conventional mice develop pcp after prolon ... | 1998 | 9792075 |
| the adrenal glands of the ferret, mustela putorius. | | 1961 | 13715481 |
| cutaneous melanoma in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 4-year-old spayed female ferret (mustela putorius furo) was clinically evaluated for a slightly raised subcutaneous mass in the dorsal lumbar area. the mass was surgically excised and submitted for histopathologic evaluation. histologically, the mass was composed of closely packeted large, atypical, polygonal to spindle-shaped cells arranged in sheets and short bundles. a few cells contained variable amounts of granular, brown to black intracytoplasmic pigment. warthin-starry and fontana-masso ... | 2002 | 12102207 |
| in vivo effects of bisphenol a on the polecat (mustela putorius). | bisphenol a (bpa), an environmental estrogen derived from the plastic industry, was given orally via incorporation into the food of 30 male and female polecats at 3 different doses (10, 50, or 250 mg/kg body weight/day) for 2 wk with 10 animals acting as controls. several hormone levels in the plasma were determined as well as the activities of the phase i and ii biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod), cytosolic glutathione s-transferase (gst), and udp-glucuronosyltransf ... | 2002 | 12133237 |
| tissue distribution of lycopene in ferrets and rats after lycopene supplementation. | to determine lycopene uptake and tissue distribution in ferrets (mustela putorius furo) and f344 rats, we supplemented orally 4.6 mg/(kg body wt.d) lycopene in a tomato oleoresin-corn oil mixture (experimental groups). after 9 wk of supplementation, the animals were killed and blood and organs were collected. plasma and tissue carotenoids were extracted and measured using hplc. mean concentrations of lycopene (nmol/kg wet tissue) in saponified tissues of ferrets were as follows: liver 933, intes ... | 2000 | 10801927 |
| a quantitative assessment of tpp-induced delayed neuropathy in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus of the european ferret (mustela putorius furo). | triphenyl phosphite (tpp) has been examined extensively in our lab to assess its degenerative effects on the visual pathway of the european ferret. tanaka et al. [fundam. appl. toxicol 22 (1994) 577; j. toxicol. environ. health 58 (1999) 215] reported an age-related pattern of fiber and cell body degeneration progressing from retinal axons and lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) neurons to the visual cortex. these studies, however, did not address whether tpp exposure results in retinal ganglion ce ... | 2002 | 12164546 |
| dental eruption and exfoliation chronology in the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | substituting ferrets for rats and dogs as animal models for craniofacial research is favourable because of the similarity of many of the ferret's anatomical, metabolic and physiological features to those of man. other advantages are cost-effectiveness and possibly less ethical controversy. however, information on the dental chronology of ferrets needs to be supplemented if this animal is to be promoted as an alternative model. dental development was here examined in 16 ferrets (eight males, eigh ... | 2002 | 12221020 |
| i plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in ferrets (mustela putorius furo) with hyperadrenocorticism. | to determine plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth) and alpha-melanocyte stimulating-hormone (alpha-msh) in healthy ferrets and ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism. | 2002 | 12371766 |
| thoracic vertebral chordoma in a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a castrated adult male 1.0-kg domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) was referred for evaluation of a mass of >5 mo duration that was associated with the thoracic spine. the ferret had motor dysfunction and no conscious proprioception or pain perception in either hind limb. segmental reflexes were present. survey radiography, myelography, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass involving the ninth and 10 thoracic vertebrae and compressing the spinal cord. decompressive surgery was performe ... | 2000 | 10884135 |
| brainstem origin of duodenal vagal preganglionic parasympathetic neurons. a wga-hrp study in the ferret (mustela putorius furo), a human model. | the projections of vagal brainstem neurons to the duodenal segment of the gastrointestinal tract were studied in the ferret using the wga-hrp neurohistochemical technique. fourteen adult ferrets with weights ranging from 800 gm to 1500 gm were used for the study. the muscular wall of the duodenum of six ferrets was injected with 0.1 ml of 5% wga-hrp in 0.5 m sodium chloride. the eight remaining ferrets were used as controls. two of these had injections of 0.1 ml normal saline into the muscular w ... | 2003 | 15040059 |
| genetic diversity and fitness in black-footed ferrets before and during a bottleneck. | the black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes) is an endangered north american carnivore that underwent a well-documented population bottleneck in the mid-1980s. to better understand the effects of a bottleneck on a free-ranging carnivore population, we used 24 microsatellite loci to compare genetic diversity before versus during the bottleneck, and compare the last wild population to two historical populations. we also compared genetic diversity in black-footed ferrets to that of two sibling specie ... | 2002 | 12407208 |
| persistent fetal intraocular vasculature in the european ferret (mustela putorius): clinical and histological aspects. | to describe the clinical and histological appearance of persistent fetal intraocular vasculature in a colony of ferrets. design prospective study. | 2001 | 11397316 |
| areal organization of the posterior parietal cortex of the ferret (mustela putorius). | on grounds of electrophysiological mapping, cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture and callosal and thalamic connectivity, we have identified two cortical areas in the posterior parietal cortex of the ferret: posterior parietal caudal and rostral (ppc and ppr). these areas occupy the lateral and suprasylvian gyri, from the cingulate sulcus (medially) to the suprasylvian sulcus (laterally) and lie between visual areas 18 and 21 (posteriorly) and the somatosensory areas (anteriorly). within both area ... | 2002 | 12427679 |
| [ferrets in veterinary practice]. | ferrets (mustela putorius furo) show up with increasing frequency in veterinary practice. originally domesticated for hunting of rodents and rabbits, they became very popular pets which require legal permission though and the further fulfillment of various husbandry needs. ferrets have to be maintained on a high protein diet which in practice is often done with commercial feline products. physical examination is similar to dogs and cats whereas the frequent occurrence of non-specific symptoms re ... | 2002 | 12481538 |
| adrenal cortical carcinomas with myxoid differentiation in the domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a total of 15 adrenocortical carcinomas with myxoid differentiation from 15 ferrets were evaluated in this retrospective study. six of these ferrets (40%) either were euthanatized or died due to invasive and/or metastatic disease. the myxoid component was a variable part (between 5% and 95%) of the adrenal cortical neoplasm and consisted of sheets and cords of small, polygonal neoplastic cells that formed lumenlike spaces. such spaces contained a variable amount of alcian blue (ph 2.5)-positive ... | 2003 | 12637752 |
| visual field defects in albino ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | the extent of the horizontal visual field was determined behaviourally in 4 pigmented and 5 albino ferrets (mustela putorius furo, carnivora, mammalia) using perimetry. during binocular vision, all pigmented and three albino ferrets responded equally well to stimuli presented anywhere along the horizontal perimeter in the central 180 degrees of the visual field. the remaining two albinos had a visual field defect in the right hemifield (>30 degrees eccentricity). during monocular vision, a signi ... | 2003 | 12639605 |
| immunohistochemical analysis of two strains of lion (panthera leo)-adapted canine distemper virus in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | canine distemper virus (cdv) caused epizootics in lions (panthera leo) in tanzania's serengeti national park in 1994 and in captive lions and other panthera spp. in the usa in 1991-1992. in this study, immunohistochemistry was used to compare viral distribution in tissues collected from ferrets (mustela putorius furo) inoculated with one of the two lion-derived cdv isolates, either from serengeti (a94-11/13) or from california (a92-27/20). the california isolate resulted in severe morbidity in a ... | 2003 | 12824519 |
| establishment of the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis felis) on the ferret (mustela putorius furo) and its control with imidacloprid. | as the ferret, mustela putorius furo l. (carnivora: mustelidae), is becoming increasingly popular as a pet animal and as it is susceptible to the cat-flea, ctenocephalides felis felis bouché (siphonaptera: pulicidae), an experimental model was established for evaluating insecticidal treatments on this host. a high establishment rate (76.7-91.8%) was recorded when 60 unfed adult c. felis were placed on ferrets. this provided an adequate infestation for chemotherapeutic evaluation without causing ... | 2001 | 11434557 |
| disseminated mycobacterium celatum (type 3) infection in a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 4-year-old male ferret (mustela putoriusfuro) had a 6-month history of weight loss and gradual development of depression and coughing. necropsy findings included pale gray tissue around the distal trachea, multiple nodules in the lungs, a single nodule in the stomach wall, gray foci in the liver, and enlarged lymph nodes. histologic examination revealed multifocal to coalescing granulomatous inflammation in the trachea, lungs, stomach, liver, and lymph nodes, with acid-fast bacteria in epithel ... | 2001 | 11467483 |
| behavior of mustela putorius furo (the domestic ferret). | behavior patterns exhibited by the domestic ferret, although similar to its wild cousins, are distinctly domestic in nature. domestic ferrets use many different types of behaviors, including body posturing, animations, vocalizations, and scent markings. these behaviors may differ somewhat from ferret to ferret. the domestic ferret is best understood by observation and recognition of its behavior patterns and interactions as it plays and communicates with both humans and animals within its home e ... | 2001 | 11601109 |
| morphological changes in the neuronal substrate for the optokinetic reflex in albino ferrets. | albino mammals show very characteristic deficits in their optokinetic system, and albino ferrets are even optokinetically blind. to investigate the neuronal causes for this defect we compared the morphology of retinal slip cells in the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract and the dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system (not-dtn) in pigmented and albino ferrets (mustela putorius furo) using retrograde tracing techniques. after tracer injections into the inferior olive, equal numbers ... | 2001 | 11681310 |
| immunization with modified vaccinia virus ankara-based recombinant vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with enhanced hepatitis in ferrets. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused by a newly identified coronavirus (sars-cov) is a serious emerging human infectious disease. in this report, we immunized ferrets (mustela putorius furo) with recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara (rmva) expressing the sars-cov spike (s) protein. immunized ferrets developed a more rapid and vigorous neutralizing antibody response than control animals after challenge with sars-cov; however, they also exhibited strong inflammatory responses in l ... | 2004 | 15507655 |
| mating system and genetic variance in a polygynous mustelid, the european polecat. | the population genetic implications of mating system were investigated in european polecat mustela putorius populations from western france, combining radiotracking survey and allozyme variation analysis. mating period occurred from february to june and polecats showed a strategy of successive polygyny, a male consorting with 1.44 females during a brief period (2.9 days). relatedness was largely sex biased, females (21%) being almost twice more related than males (13%) suggesting a natal philopa ... | 2001 | 11732630 |
| piloleiomyosarcoma in seven ferrets. | in each of seven ferrets (mustela putorius furo) with leiomyosarcoma, a single dermal mass was identified and biopsied. each mass consisted of a well-demarcated but nonencapsulated proliferation of large spindle- to strap-shaped cells arranged in interwoven bundles. the cells resembled the smooth muscle cells of the adjacent arrector pili muscles, but with marked nuclear pleomorphism. immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin, desmin, and vimentin was positive and staining for myoglob ... | 2001 | 11732806 |
| macroscopic and roentgenographic anatomy of the skull of the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | normal macroscopic and roentgenographic features of the skull of the ferret (mustela putorius furo) were examined and described. data were based on a sample of 100 (50 male and 50 female) adult ferrets of known body weight and age. the skull was described macroscopically according to six standard views, i.e. dorsal, lateral, ventral, caudal, cranial and midsagittal. the mandible was described separately. the roentgenographic characteristics of the ferret skull were demonstrated only in lateral a ... | 2002 | 11831741 |
| architecture and callosal connections of visual areas 17, 18, 19 and 21 in the ferret (mustela putorius). | visual areas 17, 18, 19 and 21 of the ferret can be distinguished on the grounds of cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture and cytochrome oxidase reactivity, and with transneuronal tract-tracing from the eye. each visual area contains callosally connected, as well as acallosal, regions. the callosal connections originate mainly from layers 2 and 3 and, more widely, from layer 6. callosally projecting neurons and callosal terminals are organized in three roughly medio-laterally oriented bands. the p ... | 2002 | 11884356 |
| the representation of the visual field in three extrastriate areas of the ferret (mustela putorius) and the relationship of retinotopy and field boundaries to callosal connectivity. | we describe representations of the visual field in areas 18, 19 and 21 of the ferret using standard microelectrode mapping techniques. in all areas the azimuths are represented as islands of peripheral visual field surrounded by central visual field representation. the zero meridian was found at the 17/18 and 19/21 borders; at the 18/19 and anterior border of 21 the relative periphery of the visual field was found. in areas 18 and 19, elevations are represented in a smooth medio-lateral progress ... | 2002 | 11884357 |
| reelin immunoreactivity in the adult neocortex: a comparative study in rodents, carnivores, and non-human primates. | recent evidence indicates that, in addition to playing a crucial role in early cortical development, intercellular signaling mediated by the protein reelin may be widely active in the adult neocortex. the extent of reelin distribution and its functional role in the adult are not clear yet. here, we have examined reelin immunoreactivity in the neocortex of an adult rodent (rat, rattus norvegicus), a carnivore (ferret, mustela putorius), and a primate (macaque monkeys macaca nemestrina, macaca mul ... | 2002 | 11923015 |
| [karyometric research on the adrenal cortex of the ferret (mustela putorius furo l.) under the stress of formalin administration]. | | 1964 | 14311501 |
| implications of an individualistic lifestyle for species conservation: lessons from jealous beasts. | polecat populations show a very low genetic diversity and a high inbreeding coefficient. furthermore, the estimate of effective population size is alarmingly low. polecats mustela putorius populations are structured into scattered breeding sub-units usually made up of one male and two females, according to a polygynous mating system. because a strict spatio-temporal segregation was observed between males and females, we propose to call individualistic such species. we suggest that the solitary h ... | 2003 | 14558446 |
| effects of masticatory muscle function on craniofacial morphology in growing ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | studying the effects of masticatory muscle function on craniofacial morphology in animal models with different masticatory systems is important for further understanding of related issues in humans. forty 5-wk-old male ferrets were equally divided into two groups. one group was fed a diet of hard pellets (hdg) and the other group was fed the same diet but softened with water (sdg). lateral and dorsoventral cephalograms were taken on each group after 6 months. cephalometric measurements were perf ... | 2003 | 14632688 |
| live cubs born after transfer of ops vitrified-warmed embryos in the farmed european polecat (mustela putorius). | the open pulled straw (ops) method of vitrification has been used successfully for cryopreserving embryos of most domestic animal species. however, there is no report of a successful delivery of offspring after transfer of vitrified embryos in carnivores, even though vitrification has been a successful freezing method for species like swine whose embryos are known to be susceptible to chilling injury. morulae and blastocysts of farmed european polecat (mustela putorius) were vitrified and warmed ... | 2004 | 14757467 |
| rhabdomyosarcoma in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 5-year-old spayed male ferret showed a subcutaneous mass in the right lateral thoracic wall. microscopic examination revealed that the neoplasm had proliferated in the subcutis with infiltration into the surrounding tissues. a packed bundle of large polymorphic neoplastic cells, containing abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and a round to ovoid, occasionally bizarre nucleus, were arranged interwoven. the neoplasm had metastasized to the right axillary lymph node. the neoplastic cells were intensi ... | 2004 | 14960822 |
| susceptibility of ferrets (mustela putorius furo) to experimentally induced rabies with european bat lyssaviruses (eblv). | twenty ferrets (mustela putorius furo) were inoculated by intramuscular (i.m.) injection with european bat lyssaviruses (eblv) type-1 and 2 using 10(4.0) foci-forming units (ffu) eblv-2 (n = 6), 10(4.0) ffu eblv-1 (n = 7) and 10(6.0) ffu eblv-1 (n = 7). furthermore, 15 mice received 10(2.5) ffu eblv-2 (n = 5), 10(2.5) ffu eblv-1 (n = 5) and 10(4.5) ffu eblv-1 (n = 5) by i.m. inoculation. all ferrets and mice receiving the higher dose of eblv-1 succumbed to infection. in contrast, only three of s ... | 2004 | 15030601 |
| cranial variation in british mustelids. | nineteen measurements were made on 136 skulls belonging to seven mustelid species: meles meles (eurasian badger), mustela nivalis, (weasel), mustela erminea (stoat), mustela putorius (polecat), lutra lutra (otter), mustela furo (ferret), and mustela vison (american mink), and polecat-ferret hybrids. to investigate shape, size-related effects were eliminated by dividing all measurements by their geometric means. canonical variate analysis was used to reveal major interspecies distinctions. exclud ... | 2004 | 15052596 |
| morphology of the pituitary gland in ferrets (mustela putorius furo) with hyperadrenocorticism. | pituitary tumours are the cause of hyperadrenocorticism in a variety of species, but the role of the pituitary gland in hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets is not known. in this species, the disease is mediated by the action of excess gonadotrophins on the adrenal cortex and is characterized by an excessive secretion of sex steroids. in this study, the pituitary gland of four healthy control ferrets, intact or neutered, and 10 neutered ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism was examined histologically fo ... | 2004 | 15053928 |
| visual areas in the lateral temporal cortex of the ferret (mustela putorius). | using systematic electrophysiological mapping, architectonics and the global pattern of interhemispheric connectivity, we have identified three visual areas in the lateral most part of the posterior suprasylvian gyrus. the most posterior and largest area we call area 20a and anterior to this we defined a smaller area, area 20b. these areas lie lateral to the visual areas 18, 19 and 21 and posterior to a third, but incompletely defined, visual area, area ps. areas 20a and 20b, emphasize the repre ... | 2004 | 15054048 |
| optokinetic deficits in albino ferrets (mustela putorius furo): a behavioral and electrophysiological study. | we compared the horizontal optokinetic reaction (okr) and response properties of retinal slip neurons in the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus (not-dtn) of albino and wild-type ferrets (mustela putorius furo). in contrast to pigmented ferrets, we were unable to observe okr in albino ferrets during binocular and monocular viewing using random dot full field stimulation and electro-oculography (eog). observations during early postnatal life indicate that regular okr is present ... | 2004 | 15102921 |
| transcription factor gata-4 is a marker of anaplasia in adrenocortical neoplasms of the domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | adrenocortical neoplasms are a common cause of morbidity in neutered ferrets. recently we showed that gonadectomized dba/2j mice develop adrenocortical tumors that express transcription factor gata-4. therefore, we screened archival specimens of adrenocortical neoplasms from neutered ferrets to determine whether gata-4 could be used as a tumor marker in this species. nuclear immunoreactivity for gata-4 was evident in 19/22 (86%) of ferret adrenocortical carcinomas and was prominent in areas exhi ... | 2004 | 15232151 |
| craniofacial growth in the ferret (mustela putorius furo)--a cephalometric study. | when suggesting the ferret as a valid laboratory model in craniofacial research, it is essential to know about its normal craniofacial growth. | 2004 | 15308428 |
| two unusual tumours in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | this case report describes the clinical history, diagnosis and treatment of a ferret with a tumour of the right adrenal gland and insulinomas of the pancreas. histopathology of both lesions confirmed the diagnoses. clinical signs of the adrenal gland tumour were a swollen vulva, overgrooming, sexual activity and pruritus. the clinical signs suggesting insulinomas were collapse of the ferret, disorientation and ptyalism. a low blood glucose level assisted the diagnosis of insulinomas. this is bel ... | 2004 | 15460204 |
| serous biliary cystadenoma in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | | 1996 | 16450992 |
| suspected metastatic coccygeal chordoma in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a chordoma was removed from the tail base of a 6.5-year-old ferret (mustela putorius furo). a nodule was observed in the area of tumor development when the ferret was purchased at 3 months of age. although the nodule did not enlarge for 2 years, slow, steady growth of the tumor was observed for 4 years before surgical removal. eight months after removal of the chordoma, the ferret developed 2 cutaneous masses. one was adjacent to the vulva, close to where the chordoma had been removed from, wher ... | 2004 | 15460332 |
| antibodies to aleutian mink disease parvovirus in free-ranging european mink (mustela lutreola) and other small carnivores from southwestern france. | owing to the rapid decline of the european mink (mustela lutreola) in france, a national conservation action plan has been initiated, in which scientific research to improve understanding of the causes of the decline is one of the primary objectives. in order to investigate the possible role of aleutian disease parvovirus (adv) in decline of the species, a serologic survey was conducted from march 1996 to march 2002 in 420 free-ranging individuals of six species of small carnivores distributed i ... | 2004 | 15465705 |
| t cell lymphoma in the lumbar spine of a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 22-month-old castrated male ferret developed acute pelvic limb paresis. radiographs and computed tomography revealed a soft tissue mass with associated bony lysis of l5, and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirates suggested that it was a lymphoma. treatment with prednisone at immunosuppressive doses did not produce any detectable improvement in the ferret's clinical signs and it became moribund less than two weeks after they developed. a postmortem biopsy confirmed the presence of a lymphoma w ... | 2004 | 15470969 |
| the ultrastructure of the placental labyrinth of the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | | 1965 | 14245346 |
| amino acid sequence of the felis catus prion protein. | a new determination of the house cat (felis catus) prion protein gene sequence (fprnp), which has so far been subject of controversy, is reported. the newly determined fprnp sequence is similar to dog (canis familiaris) and mink (mustela putorius) prnp, but differs significantly from both fprnp sequences that were previously deposited in the genbank. comparison of the canine and feline prion protein sequences suggests a set of amino acid replacements relative to bovine prp that might relate to t ... | 2004 | 15474307 |
| stages and duration of spermatogenesis in the domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | classification of seminiferous tubules is the basis for understanding normal and abnormal spermatogenesis. the aim of the present study was to determine spermatogenic stages and the duration of the cycle in the domestic ferret using bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) as a tracer. eleven adult male ferrets that were maintained in a breeding condition were used. testicular sections were stained with the periodic acid-schiff reaction for light microscopy. to determine the cycle duration, six ferrets were inj ... | 2004 | 15533459 |
| two cases of pancreatic neoplasia in british ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | two six-year-old male neutered polecat ferrets (mustela putorius furo) were presented for the investigation of acute collapse or periodic weakness and weight loss. while blood biochemistry revealed hypoglycaemia in both cases, diagnosis of an insulin-secreting neoplasia was confirmed by exploratory surgery in one case and supported by the use of an insulin assay in the other. subsequent histopathological examination showed the former to be a pancreatic islet cell carcinoma and the latter to be a ... | 2004 | 15553194 |
| evidence of secondary poisoning of free-ranging riparian mustelids by anticoagulant rodenticides in france: implications for conservation of european mink (mustela lutreola). | because of the rapid decline of the endangered european mink (mustela lutreola) populations in france, a national conservation program has been put into action, including research to understand the causes of decline. as part of this research, concentrations of eight anticoagulant rodenticides were examined in livers from 122 carcasses of four species of free-ranging mustelids collected between 1990 and 2002 in southwestern france. bromadiolone residue was found in all species and 9% of the sampl ... | 2004 | 15650086 |
| energetics of swimming by the ferret: consequences of forelimb paddling. | the domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) swims by alternate strokes of the forelimbs. this pectoral paddling is rare among semi-aquatic mammals. the energetic implications of swimming by pectoral paddling were examined by kinematic analysis and measurement of oxygen consumption. ferrets maintained a constant stroke frequency, but increased swimming speed by increasing stroke amplitude. the ratio of swimming velocity to foot stroke velocity was low, indicating a low propulsive efficiency. meta ... | 2008 | 16861018 |
| sex-biased predation by polecats influences the mating system of frogs. | in agile frogs, rana dalmatina, an increase in male-biased operational sex ratio and in male abundance results in the emergence of alternative male mating behaviour in the form of searching. as a consequence, females are coerced into mating with multiple males, which in turn increases the level of conflict between the sexes. selective predation on males by the european polecat, mustela putorius, decreases the occurrence of polyandry. in ponds visited by polecats, the sex ratio is less male biase ... | 2004 | 15801586 |
| induction of pulmonary neoplasia in the smoke-exposed ferret by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk): a model for human lung cancer. | research into dietary chemoprevention against lung carcinogenesis has been limited by the lack of appropriate animal models that closely mimic smoking-related human lung cancer. ferrets (mustela putorius furo) have been used to study the biologic activities of carotenoids against smoke-induced lung lesions, but this model has yet to be thoroughly established and validated. to determine the appropriateness of the ferret as a model for human lung cancer, we have performed a 6-month in vivo study i ... | 2006 | 15894421 |
| factors affecting the electrofusion of mouse and ferret oocytes with ferret somatic cells. | the domestic ferret, mustela putorius furos, holds great promise as a genetic model for human lung disease, provided that key technologies for somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) are developed. in this report, we extend our understanding of scnt in this species by defining conditions for efficient cell fusion by electrical pulse. two experimental systems were employed in this study. first, in vivo-matured mouse oocytes and ferret somatic cells were used to establish general parameters for fusio ... | 2005 | 15948164 |
| polyunsaturated fatty acid and peroxide levels in rations for fitch (mustela putorius furo). | | 1984 | 16031027 |
| systemic candidosis in a fitch. | a 4-month-old fitch (mustela putorius furo) was presented vomiting and with a haemorrhagic enteritis that failed to respond to antibiotic, vitamin and fluid therapy. at necropsy, apart from lesions referable to an enteritis, no other specific abnormality was observed. histopathologically, lesions were seen in myocardium and renal medulla associated with mycelia, pseudomycelia and blastospores. marked lymphoid depletion was noted in lymph nodes and spleen. candida tropicalis was isolated from liv ... | 1984 | 16031078 |
| a congenital toxoplasma-like disease in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | approximately 30% of 750 neonatal farmed ferret kits died without observed clinical signs. the presence of multifocal necrosis associated with toxoplasma-like organisms in the liver, lung and heart suggested a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. surviving animals from affected litters were stunted but showed no histological or serological evidence of toxoplasma infection, nor could infection be demonstrated by mouse inoculation. the involvement of animals at one day of age indicated congenitally acquire ... | 1986 | 16031250 |
| suspected foreign body peritonitis in fitch (mustela putorius furo). | a severe, fatal, exudative peritonitis was investigated in a flock of 100 breeding fitch mustela putorius furo. the presence of enteric flora within the lesions and steel spicules within the stomach contents suggested that this disease may have been caused by steel fragments perforating the intestine. scoring and pitting of a steel mincer plate used for food preparation consistent with the size and shape of the steel particles found in the stomach, further supported this hypothesis. there were n ... | 1986 | 16031296 |
| an outbreak of post-vaccinal suspected distemper-like encephalitis in farmed ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | two outbreaks of an encephalitis apparently induced by an attenuated live distemper vaccine occurred in a large ferret breeding establishment in new zealand. approximately 350 of 6,000 young ferrets 16-22 weeks old died. many were found dead with no premonitory signs, others showed severe neurological signs. some with central nervous system (c.n.s.) signs recovered. pathological examination showed no gross abnormalities except for a few with mild conjunctivitis, rhinitis and lung emphysema. micr ... | 1988 | 16031485 |
| the anterior ectosylvian visual area of the ferret: a homologue for an enigmatic visual cortical area of the cat? | the present paper describes the results of electrophysiological mapping experiments focused on the anterior limb of the ectosylvian gyrus of the ferret (mustela putorius). the aim was to determine if the ferret possessed a homologous cortical area to the anterior ectosylvian visual area (aev) of the domestic cat, but not clearly delineated in any other mammal studied to date. we were able to gather data on the visuotopic organization of a region that we consider to be a homologue of cat aev. the ... | 2005 | 16101752 |
| bovine tuberculosis in a free ranging red fox (vulpes vulpes) from doñana national park (spain). | during 1997 and 1998, a survey of iberian carnivores was conducted to study the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in the doñana national park and surrounding areas in southwestern spain. post-mortem examinations were done on seven red foxes (vulpes vulpes), two egyptian mongoose (herpestes ichneumon), one weasel (mustela nivalis), two genets (genetta genetta), one iberian lynx (lynx pardinus), one eurasian badger (meles meles), and two polecats (mustela putorius). lesions suggestive of bovine ... | 2005 | 16107680 |
| a motion-sensitive area in ferret extrastriate visual cortex: an analysis in pigmented and albino animals. | in search of the neuronal substrate for motion analysis in the ferret (mustela putorius furo), we extracellularly recorded from extrastriate visual cortex in five pigmented and two albino ferrets under general anaesthesia and paralysis. visual stimulation consisted of large area random dot patterns moving either on a circular path in the frontoparallel plane or expanding and contracting radially. strongly direction-selective neurons were recorded in a circumscribed area in and just posterior to ... | 2006 | 16135782 |
| gastric adenocarcinoma with ossification in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 6-year-old female ferret had a firm mass 2 cm in diameter in the pyloric region of the stomach. histopathologically, the mass was composed of neoplastic proliferation of well-differentiated epithelial cells, showing tubular or glandular growth patterns. osseous metaplastic foci were often found in the tumor. tumor cells showed a positive reaction for immunohistochemistry against bone morphogenetic protein-6, an osteogenic factor. a diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma with ossification was made ... | 2005 | 16210808 |
| efficacy of imidacloprid, imidacloprid/permethrin and phoxim for flea control in the mustelidae (ferrets, mink). | farmed mink (mustela vison), a close relative of the domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo), naturally infested with the squirrel flea (ceratophyllus sciurorum) were included in a study to investigate three compounds for flea control. the test products were imidacloprid in a 10% (w/v) solution, an imidacloprid 10% (w/v)/permethrin 50% (w/v) solution, and phoxim; all three are well-known compounds for the control of different ectoparasites in a wide range of animals. two groups of mink received ... | 2005 | 16228265 |
| factors affecting the efficiency of embryo transfer in the domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | embryo transfer (et) to recipient females is a foundational strategy for a number of assisted reproductive technologies, including cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer. in an attempt to develop efficient et in domestic ferrets, factors affecting development of transferred embryo were investigated. unilateral and bilateral transfer of zygotes or blastocysts in the oviduct or uterus was evaluated in recipient nulliparous or primiparous females. developing fetuses were collected from recipient ... | 2006 | 16330092 |
| gonadectomy-induced adrenocortical neoplasia in the domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) and laboratory mouse. | sex steroid-producing adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas occur frequently in neutered ferrets, but the molecular events underlying tumor development are not well understood. prepubertal gonadectomy elicits similar tumors in certain inbred or genetically engineered strains of mice, and these mouse models shed light on tumorigenesis in ferrets. in mice and ferrets, the neoplastic adrenocortical cells, which functionally resemble gonadal steroidogenic cells, arise from progenitors in the subcap ... | 2006 | 16537928 |
| cloned ferrets produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. | somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) offers great potential for developing better animal models of human disease. the domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) is an ideal animal model for influenza infections and potentially other human respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, where mouse models have failed to reproduce the human disease phenotype. here, we report the successful production of live cloned, reproductively competent, ferrets using species-specific scnt methodologies. critical t ... | 2006 | 16584722 |
| peliod hepatocellular carcinoma in a domesticated ferret (mustela putorius furo). | peliod hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in a domesticated ferret (mustela putorius furo). the diagnosis was made using immunohistochemical analysis, histologic examination, and the accepted classification schemes based on histomorphologic features. bilateral, adrenocortical hyperplasia also was evident. speculation about a possible association between the variant of hepatocellular neoplasia diagnosed in this animal and its adrenal pathologic changes was done. | 2006 | 16617711 |
| outbreak of mycobacterium bovis infection in a wild animal park. | an outbreak of tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis occurred in a wild animal park. three pot-bellied pigs (sus scrofa vittatus), one red deer (cervus elaphus), one buffalo (bison bonasus) and two european lynxes (lynx lynx) were affected and showed clinical signs including weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes and paralysis of the hindlimbs. postmortem examinations revealed multifocal granulomatous lesions in various organs, including the lymph nodes, lungs, intestines, kidneys and the central n ... | 2007 | 17766809 |
| motion perception deficits in albino ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | albino ferrets contrary to their pigmented conspecifics show no optokinetic nystagmus. therefore, in this study motion perception was compared between pigmented and albino ferrets (mustela putorius furo) trained to discriminate between coherently moving random dot patterns and dynamic noise stimuli in a two-alternative forced choice task. fully coherently versus incoherently moving patterns could be distinguished by ferrets of both phenotypes. motion coherence thresholds, however, were significa ... | 2006 | 16647737 |
| renal adenocarcinoma in a ferret. | a spontaneous case of renal tumor was observed in a 7-year-old ovariectomized female pet ferret (mustela putorius furo). clinical signs included exhaustion, emaciation, anorexia, and stooping position. at necropsy, a solid and cystic mass replaced the left kidney and adrenal gland. the tumor was composed of pleomorphic epithelial cells with a large number of giant cells. metastases were recognized in the lung, liver, greater omentum, right renal pelvis, and systemic lymph nodes. immunohistochemi ... | 2006 | 16672582 |
| can low densities of carnivores result in genetic depletion? an investigation within french polecat populations. | carnivores as top predators are commonly found in relatively low densities even in optimal habitats. despite a lack of empirical studies, it could be suspected that long-term low density could result in genetic depletion. the genetic structure of european polecat mustela putorius natural populations was investigated by allozyme electrophoresis in five distinct areas. density estimates significantly differed among sites from 0.17 to 0.83 individuals/km2 with an average of 0.56 individuals per km2 ... | 2006 | 16706919 |
| sleep and sleep regulation in the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | we investigated sleep-wake (s-w) architecture and sleep regulation in the ferret: a phylogenetically primitive mammal increasingly used in neurobiological studies. twenty-four hour s-w baseline data were collected in eight adult ferrets. seven ferrets were then sleep deprived for 6h at the beginning of the light period. like other placental mammals, ferrets exhibited the main vigilance states of wakefulness, rapid-eye-movement (rem) sleep and non-rem (nrem) sleep. interestingly, the amount of re ... | 2006 | 16765460 |
| reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests of the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | to perform selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in healthy ferrets with the aim of establishing normal physiological reference values for this species. | 2006 | 16771755 |
| cross reactive antigenicity in orally vaccinated foxes and raccoon dogs against european bat lyssavirus type 1 and 2. | for the first time, the effectiveness of oral rabies vaccines against european bat lyssaviruses type 1 (eblv-1) and type 2 (eblv-2) by means of cross-neutralization assays was investigated. sera from orally vaccinated red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) with the street alabama dufferin (sad) b19 and sad p5/88 live-modified vaccine viruses were used to study the cross reactive antigenicity against cvs-11 (genotype 1), eblv-1 (genotype 5) and eblv-2 (genotype 6). ... | 2006 | 16878477 |
| studies on vertical transmission of trichinella spp. in experimentally infected ferrets (mustela putorius furo), foxes (vulpes vulpes), pigs, guinea pigs and mice. | vertical transmission of trichinella spiralis was evaluated in ferrets (n=21), foxes (n=11), pigs (n=12), guinea pigs (n=16), and mice (n=41). the placental barrier to be crossed by migratory trichinella larvae varies structurally in different animal species. ferrets and foxes have an endotheliochorial placenta structure, guinea pigs and mice a haemochorial, and pigs an epitheliochorial placenta. the non-encapsulating trichinella pseudospiralis larvae have an extended muscle migration prior to e ... | 2005 | 15925725 |
| chronic rubella virus infection in the ferret (mustela putorius fero) puppy. | | 1967 | 15938261 |
| hepatic hemangiosarcoma in two ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | two ferrets were presented to the authors' clinic. hemoperitoneum was diagnosed in one ferret, and an abdominal mass was palpated in the other. one ferret was euthanized and necropsied, and one ferret underwent exploratory laparotomy and liver lobectomy. in both cases, the histopathologic diagnosis was hepatic hemangiosarcoma. | 2006 | 16931391 |
| issues to consider for preparing ferrets as research subjects in the laboratory. | the domestic or european ferret (mustela putorius furo) has been domesticated for thousands of years. ferrets have been used for hunting and fur production, as pets, and as models in biomedical research. despite the relatively small numbers used in the laboratory, ferrets have some unique applications including study of human influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated corona virus. they have served as models for peptic ulcer disease, carotenoid metabolism, cystic fibrosis, ... | 2006 | 16963814 |
| response adaptation to broadband sounds in primary auditory cortex of the awake ferret. | driven by previous reports of adaptation to persistent stimuli in other brain regions, we investigated adaptive effects in the primary auditory cortex of awake non-behaving ferrets (mustela putorius furo). electrophysiological data was obtained in response to the presentation of auditory gratings with a structured spectro-temporal envelope of varying bandwidth which had repeated transitions between low and high modulation depths. the responses were analyzed in terms of the evoked spike rates and ... | 2006 | 16982164 |
| lymphoma and mycobacterium avium infection in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 6-year-old, neutered male ferret presented with weight loss. radiography revealed an enlarged liver and other abdominal masses. the ferret was euthanized, and at necropsy, the stomach wall was thickened, mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged, and the liver contained multifocal tan nodules. histopathology confirmed lymphoma and granulomatous inflammation in all affected organs. acid-fast bacilli were present in the lesions and were confirmed to be mycobacterium avium by pcr. | 2006 | 17037629 |
| comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane in domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | isoflurane anesthesia is commonly used in ferrets for routine examinations and diagnostics. sevoflurane is now being used as well, but there have been no studies to date directly comparing these agents in domestic ferrets. a prospective study was designed to evaluate the quality and speed of anesthetic induction and recovery using isoflurane and sevoflurane in ferrets. in addition effects on heart rate, blood pressure and packed cell volume were also recorded. no significant differences were not ... | 2006 | 17039443 |
| carpal myxosarcoma and forelimb amputation in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | | 2006 | 17142629 |
| ocular biometry in the adult anesthetized ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a total of 44 eyes of 22 ferrets were examined by b-mode ultrasonography. four dimensions were measured: the distance from the corneal surface to the anterior lens surface (m1), the axial lens thickness (m2), the distance from the posterior lens surface to the retina (m3) and the distance from the anterior cornea to the retina (m4). the values obtained were (mean, standard deviation, range): m1: 1.31 +/- 0.16 mm (1-1.7); m2: 3.42 +/- 0.15 mm (3.2-3.7); m3: 2.26 +/- 0.11 mm (2.1-2.5); m4: 7 +/- 0 ... | 2007 | 17204128 |
| temporal symmetry in primary auditory cortex: implications for cortical connectivity. | neurons in primary auditory cortex (ai) in the ferret (mustela putorius) that are well described by their spectrotemporal response field (strf) are found also to have a distinctive property that we call temporal symmetry. for temporally symmetric neurons, every temporal cross-section of the strf (impulse response) is given by the same function of time, except for a scaling and a hilbert rotation. this property held in 85% of neurons (123 out of 145) recorded from awake animals and in 96% of neur ... | 2007 | 17298227 |
| nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 4-yr-old male ferret (mustela putorius furo) was presented with a 3-day history of pelvic limb ataxia and weakness. a cellulitis associated with a deep bite wound was identified and initially treated with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medication. two weeks later, a grade iv/vi cardiac murmur was identified on physical examination. echocardiographic examination revealed irregular thickening of the aortic valve leaflets, with normal chamber dimensions and normal systolic function. the ferret ... | 2006 | 17312802 |
| refining indications for the use of mitomycin c using a randomized controlled trial with an animal model. | to evaluate the effect of mitomycin on the repair of acquired subglottic stenosis and to define the optimal concentration of mitomycin that would minimize restenosis after repair. | 2007 | 17418268 |
| three-dimensional fibre-type distribution in the paravertebral muscles of the domestic ferret (mustela putorius f. furo) with relation to functional demands during locomotion. | we investigated the functional corollaries of a relatively long trunk with regard to trunk use during overground and underground locomotion and with regard to fibre-type distribution within the paravertebral musculature using the example of the domestic ferret. fibre-type distribution was determined using enzyme histochemistry on serial cross-sections through the complete musculo-skeletal apparatus. back posture and back movements were analysed using cineradiography. during overground locomotion ... | 2007 | 17512707 |
| deficits of visual motion perception and optokinetic nystagmus after posterior suprasylvian lesions in the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | we recently described an area in the ferret posterior suprasylvian (pss) cortex characterized by a high proportion of direction selective neurons. to answer the question whether area pss subserves functions similar to cat posteromediolateral suprasylvian area (pmls) and monkey medial temporal area (mt) we investigated the contribution of area pss to visual motion perception and optokinetic nystagmus. ferrets were tested on global motion detection before and after bilateral lesions involving area ... | 2007 | 17593360 |
| neospora caninum antibodies in wild carnivores from spain. | serum samples from 251 wild carnivores from different regions of spain were tested for antibodies to neospora caninum by the commercial competitive screening enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa) and confirmed by neospora agglutination test (nat) and/or by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). samples with antibodies detected by at least two serological tests were considered seropositive. antibodies to n. caninum were found in 3.2% of 95 red foxes (vulpes vulpes); in 21.4% of 28 wolve ... | 2008 | 18556128 |
| identification of a tyrosinase (tyr) exon 4 deletion in albino ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | albinism is due to a lack of pigmentation in hair, skin and eye, and has been shown to occur in several animal species. mutations of the tyrosinase (tyr) gene account for albinism in domestic cats, rabbits, cattle, mice and rats. in this study, we demonstrate that a tyr mutation accounts for albinism in the ferret (mustela putorius furo). the coding sequence of the five exons of tyr was determined in genomic dna from wild-type pigmented 'sable' coloured and albino ferrets. it was not possible to ... | 2007 | 17655555 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild carnivores from spain. | serum samples from 282 wild carnivores from different regions of spain were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test using a cut-off value of 1:25. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 22 of 27 (81.5%) of iberian lynx (lynx pardinus), 3 of 6 european wildcats (felis silvestris), 66 of 102 (64.7%) red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 15 of 32 (46.9%) wolves (canis lupus), 26 of 37 (70.3%) eurasian badgers (meles meles), 17 of 20 (85.0%) stone martens (martes foina), 4 ... | 2007 | 17689869 |