| group size of a permanent large group of agile mangabeys (cercocebus agilis) at bai hokou, central african republic. | white-eyelid mangabeys (genus cercocebus) live in groups of highly variable size. because of their semi-terrestrial behaviour and preference for dense forest habitats, re-liable data on group size are scarce. during a 5-month study, we collected 17 group counts on a habituated group of agile mangabeys (c. agilis) at bai hokou in the central african republic. we found a stable group size of approximately 135 individuals. this permanent large grouping pattern is known to occur among several popula ... | 2013 | 23548681 |
| high rates of infection with novel enterovirus variants in wild populations of mandrills and other old world monkey species. | enteroviruses (evs) are a genetically and antigenically diverse group of viruses infecting humans. a mostly distinct set of ev variants have additionally been documented to infect wild apes and several, primarily captive, old world monkey (owm) species. to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of evs infecting owms in the wild, fecal samples from mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) and other species collected in remote regions of southern cameroon were screened for ev rna. remarkably ... | 2014 | 24623420 |
| craniomandibular morphology supporting the diphyletic origin of mangabeys and a new genus of the cercocebus/mandrillus clade, procercocebus. | previous studies have noted skeletal and dental differences supporting the diphyletic origin of the mangabeys. documented postcranial and dental characters are congruent with molecular data and thus support a close relationship between cercocebus and mandrillus (mandrills and drills) on the one hand and lophocebus, papio (baboons), and theropithecus (geladas) on the other. most of these characters, however, are postcranial and difficult to assess in the papionin fossil record because associated ... | 2007 | 17521704 |
| cellular hiv-1 inhibition by truncated old world primate apobec3a proteins lacking a complete deaminase domain. | the apobec3 (a3) deaminases are retrovirus restriction factors that were proposed as inhibitory components of hiv-1 gene therapy vectors. however, a3 mutational activity may induce undesired genomic damage and enable hiv-1 to evade drugs and immune responses. here, we show that a3a protein from colobus guereza (cola3a) can restrict hiv-1 replication in producer cells in a deaminase-independent manner without inducing dna damage. neither hiv-1 reverse transcription nor integration were significan ... | 2014 | 25262471 |
| integrating occurrence and detectability patterns based on interview data: a case study for threatened mammals in equatorial guinea. | occurrence models that account for imperfect detection of species are increasingly used for estimating geographical range, for determining species-landscape relations and to prioritize conservation actions worldwide. in 2010, we conducted a large-scale survey in río muni, the mainland territory of equatorial guinea, which aimed to estimate the probabilities of occurrence and detection of threatened mammals based on environmental covariates, and to identify priority areas for conservation. interv ... | 2016 | 27666671 |
| facial coloration tracks changes in women's estradiol. | red facial coloration is an important social cue in many primate species, including humans. in such species, the vasodilatory effects of estradiol may cause red facial coloration to change systematically during females' ovarian cycle. although increased red facial coloration during estrus has been observed in female mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) and rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), evidence linking primate facial color changes directly to changes in measured estradiol is lacking. addressing thi ... | 2015 | 25796069 |
| reduced representation genome sequencing suggests low diversity on the sex chromosomes of tonkean macaque monkeys. | in species with separate sexes, social systems can differ in the relative variances of male versus female reproductive success. papionin monkeys (macaques, mangabeys, mandrills, drills, baboons, and geladas) exhibit hallmarks of a high variance in male reproductive success, including a female-biased adult sex ratio and prominent sexual dimorphism. to explore the potential genomic consequences of such sex differences, we used a reduced representation genome sequencing approach to quantifying poly ... | 2014 | 24987106 |
| from frugivore to folivore: altitudinal variations in the diet and feeding ecology of the bioko island drill (mandrillus leucophaeus poensis). | variation in the quality and availability of food resources can greatly influence the ecology, behavior, and conservation of wild primates. we studied the influence of altitudinal differences in resource availability on diet in wild drill monkeys (mandrillus leucophaeus poensis) on bioko island, equatorial guinea. we compared fecal samples (n = 234) collected across three consecutive dry seasons for drills living in lowland (0-300 m asl) forest with nearby (18 km distance) drills living in monta ... | 2015 | 26375479 |
| craniodental features in male mandrillus may signal size and fitness: an allometric approach. | according to a hypothesis in the broader mammalian literature, secondary sexual characteristics that have evolved to signal fitness and size to other conspecifics should exhibit positive allometry across adult males within a species. here this hypothesis is tested in the genus mandrillus. the overbuilding of bony features in larger individuals necessitates a functional explanation as bone is metabolically expensive to produce and maintain. canine size and size of the maxillary ridge are scaled a ... | 2012 | 22328467 |
| mandrills use olfaction to socially avoid parasitized conspecifics. | the evolutionary transition from a solitary to a social lifestyle entails an elevated parasite cost because the social proximity associated with group living favors parasite transmission. despite this cost, sociality is widespread in a large range of taxonomic groups. in this context, hosts would be expected to have evolved behavioral mechanisms to reduce the risk of parasite infection. few empirical studies have focused on the influence of pathogen-mediated selection on the evolution of antipar ... | 2017 | 28435875 |
| african non-human primates host diverse enteroviruses. | enteroviruses (evs) belong to the family picornaviridae and are responsible for mild to severe diseases in mammals including humans and non-human primates (nhp). simian evs were first discovered in the 1950s in the old world monkeys and recently in wild chimpanzee, gorilla and mandrill in cameroon. in the present study, we screened by pcr evs in 600 fecal samples of wild apes and monkeys that were collected at four sites in gabon. a total of 32 samples were positive for evs (25 from mandrills, 7 ... | 2017 | 28081564 |
| management of endometriosis in two captive mandrills (mandrillus sphinx). | endometriosis has been reported in humans, great apes, and old world monkeys. although cases are noted anecdotally in mandrillus spp., and a previously reported case was noted on postmortem examination, to the authors' knowledge, no previous reports of case management have been published in the peer-reviewed literature. this paper describes the medical and surgical management of endometriosis in two mandrills (mandrillus sphinx). | 2016 | 27468036 |
| relations between spatial distribution, social affiliations and dominance hierarchy in a semi-free mandrill population. | although there exist advantages to group-living in comparison to a solitary lifestyle, costs and gains of group-living may be unequally distributed among group members. predation risk, vigilance levels and food intake may be unevenly distributed across group spatial geometry and certain within-group spatial positions may be more or less advantageous depending on the spatial distribution of these factors. in species characterized with dominance hierarchy, high-ranking individuals are commonly obs ... | 2016 | 27199845 |
| ranging behavior drives parasite richness: a more parsimonious hypothesis. | parasitism is a ubiquitous interspecific interaction that may play an important role in the evolution of hosts and parasites, molding many aspects of their behavior and ecology. detecting behavioral changes of hosts infected with parasites is not a straightforward task. extrapolating from individual-level responses to group-level decision-making is still a much more complex challenge. the ranging behavior of hosts that live in social groups is a good example. many hypotheses of the cause-effect ... | 2016 | 27145909 |
| sexual selection and the differences between the sexes in mandrills (mandrillus sphinx). | sexual selection has become a major focus in evolutionary and behavioral ecology. it is also a popular research topic in primatology. i use studies of mandrills (mandrillus sphinx), a classic example of extravagant armaments and ornaments in animals, to exemplify how a long-term, multidisciplinary approach that integrates field observations with laboratory methods can contribute to on-going theoretical debates in the field of sexual selection. i begin with a brief summary of the main concepts of ... | 2016 | 26808101 |
| sternal gland scent-marking signals sex, age, rank, and group identity in captive mandrills. | mandrills are one of the few old world primates to show scent-marking. we combined ethological and chemical approaches to improve our understanding of this behavior in 3 zoo-managed groups. we observed the olfactory behavior performed by adults and adolescents (n = 39) for 775h. we investigated the volatile components of sternal scent-marks using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared volatile profiles with traits of the signaler. males marked more than females and within each sex the ... | 2016 | 26708734 |
| new species of torque teno miniviruses infecting gorillas and chimpanzees. | anelloviridae family is comprised of small, non-enveloped viruses of various genome lengths, high sequence diversity, sharing the same genome organization. infections and co-infections by different genotypes in humans are ubiquitous. related viruses were described in number of mammalian hosts, but very limited data are available from the closest human relatives - great apes and non-human primates. here we report the 100% prevalence determined by semi-nested pcr from fecal samples of 16 captive p ... | 2016 | 26547037 |
| molecular cytogenetic analysis of one african and five asian macaque species reveals identical karyotypes as in mandrill. | the question how evolution and speciation work is one of the major interests of biology. especially, genetic including karyotypic evolution within primates is of special interest due to the close phylogenetic position of macaca and homo sapiens and the role as in vivo models in medical research, neuroscience, behavior, pharmacology, reproduction and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). | 2018 | 29606908 |
| environmental and individual determinants of parasite richness across seasons in a free-ranging population of mandrills (mandrillus sphinx). | parasites are ubiquitous and evolve fast. therefore, they represent major selective forces acting on their hosts by influencing many aspects of their biology. humans are no exception, as they share many parasites with animals and some of the most important outbreaks come from primates. while it appears important to understand the factors involved in parasite dynamics, we still lack a clear understanding of the determinants underlying parasitism. in this 2-year study, we identified several factor ... | 2016 | 26515669 |
| social organization and space use of a wild mandrill (mandrillus sphinx) group. | mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) are enigmatic old world primates whose social organization and ecology remain poorly known. previous studies indicated, for example, that groups are composed of only adult females and their young or that several units composed of one adult male and several females make up larger permanent social units. here, we present the first data on group composition and male ranging patterns from the only habituated wild mandrill group and examine how home range size and daily ... | 2015 | 26235675 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus antibodies among cercopithecidae and hominidae monkeys in cameroon. | we screened hepatitis e from 15 species of non-human primates. anti-hev igg was detected in 11.1% (1/9) mandrillus sphinx, 14.3% (2/14) gorilla gorilla, 5.9% (4/67) pan troglodytes and 8.7% (2/23) mandrillus leucophaeus, whereas anti-hev igm was detected in 1.5% (1/18) papio anubis, 28.6% (2/7) cercocebus agilis and 1.5% (1/67) pan troglodyte. | 2019 | 31179536 |
| seasonality and interindividual variation in mandrill feeding ecology revealed by stable isotope analyses of hair and blood. | mandrills are large-bodied terrestrial forest primates living in particularly large social groups of several hundred individuals. following these groups in the wild to assess differences in diet over time as well as among individuals is demanding. we here use isotope analyses in blood and hair obtained during repeated captures of 43 identified free-ranging mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) from southern gabon, to test how dietary variation relates to the season as well as an individual's age and sex ... | 2020 | 33075182 |
| social shaping of voices does not impair phenotype matching of kinship in mandrills. | kin selection theory provides a strong theoretical framework to explain the evolution of altruism and cooperative behaviour among genetically related individuals. however, the proximate mechanisms underlying kin discrimination, a necessary process to express kin-related behaviour, remain poorly known. in particular, no study has yet unambiguously disentangled mechanisms based on learned familiarity from true phenotype matching in kin discrimination based on vocal signals. here we show that in ad ... | 2015 | 26139329 |
| phylogenetic relationships within the cercocebus-mandrillus clade as indicated by craniodental morphology: implications for evolutionary biogeography. | the african papionin primates commonly known as mangabeys form a diphyletic group with white-eyelid mangabeys (cercocebus) being most closely related to drills and mandrills (mandrillus). however, the phylogenetic relationships among members of the cercocebus-mandrillus clade have not been investigated in detail, particularly from a morphological perspective. early studies of white-eyelid mangabeys considered c. agilis to best represent the ancestral lineage and c. torquatus as the most derived ... | 2015 | 26119591 |
| androgens in a female primate: relationships with reproductive status, age, dominance rank, fetal sex and secondary sexual color. | a comprehensive understanding of the role of androgens in reproduction, behavior and morphology requires the examination of female, as well as male, hormone profiles. however, we know far less about the biological significance of androgens in females than in males. we investigated the relationships between fecal androgen (immunoreactive testosterone) levels and reproductive status, age, dominance rank, fetal sex and a secondary sexual trait (facial color) in semi-free-ranging female mandrills (m ... | 2015 | 25936819 |
| new evidence from observations of progressions of mandrills (mandrillus sphinx): a multilevel or non-nested society? | african papionins are well known for the diversity of their social systems, ranging from multilevel societies based on one-male-multifemale units (omus) to non-nested societies. however, the characteristics of mandrillus societies are still unclear due to difficult observational conditions in the dense forests of central africa. to elucidate the characteristics of mandrill societies and their social systems, i analysed the age-sex compositions, behaviours, and progression patterns of their horde ... | 2014 | 25091875 |
| the oxidative cost of unstable social dominance. | high social rank is expected to incur fitness costs under unstable social conditions. a disruption of the oxidative balance may underlie such effects, but how markers of oxidative stress vary in relation to social rank and stability is unknown. we examined in mandrills whether the mating season characterized by social instability between males (but not between females) affected their oxidative balance differently according to their social rank. outside the mating season, high-ranking males showe ... | 2014 | 24902748 |
| age-related tooth wear differs between forest and savanna primates. | tooth wear in primates is caused by aging and ecological factors. however, comparative data that would allow us to delineate the contribution of each of these factors are lacking. here, we contrast age-dependent molar tooth wear by scoring percent of dentine exposure (pde) in two wild african primate populations from gabonese forest and kenyan savanna habitats. we found that forest-dwelling mandrills exhibited significantly higher pde with age than savanna yellow baboons. mandrills mainly feed o ... | 2014 | 24732967 |
| presentation of a needle for direct or percutaneous myocardium stem cells injection. | the instrument has a locking mechanism and is composed of an external needle with blunt tip, with multiple 0.5 mm diameter holes. internally it is fitted with a mandrill needle, which can be mobilized inside occluding or releasing the lateral holes. the procedure for producing micro lesions is done by exchanging the blunt mandrill for a brush-mandrill, provided with micro bristles that are structurally designed to fill the holes with small exteriorization of bristles. as an option to brush mandr ... | 2016 | 24343692 |
| social structure of a semi-free ranging group of mandrills (mandrillus sphinx): a social network analysis. | the difficulty involved in following mandrills in the wild means that very little is known about social structure in this species. most studies initially considered mandrill groups to be an aggregation of one-male/multifemale units, with males occupying central positions in a structure similar to those observed in the majority of baboon species. however, a recent study hypothesized that mandrills form stable groups with only two or three permanent males, and that females occupy more central posi ... | 2013 | 24340074 |
| minimally invasive plate osteosythesis of fractures of the radius and ulna in a primate. | a 25-year-old female mandrill (mandrillus sphinx - a primate and part of the old world monkey group) was presented with a mildly comminuted, diaphyseal, radial fracture associated with a transverse ulnar fracture. minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis techniques were used to achieve fixation of both the radial and the ulnar fractures. first, closed fracture reduction was achieved with a distraction frame consisting of a motorized circular external skeletal fixator. next, dual percutaneous radi ... | 2013 | 23708981 |
| testing for post-copulatory selection for major histocompatibility complex genotype in a semi-free-ranging primate population. | a large body of evidence suggests that major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genotype influences mate choice. however, few studies have investigated mhc-mediated post-copulatory mate choice under natural, or even semi-natural, conditions. we set out to explore this question in a large semi-free-ranging population of mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) using mhc-drb genotypes for 127 parent-offspring triads. first, we showed that offspring mhc heterozygosity correlates positively with parental mhc dis ... | 2013 | 23677678 |
| image inpainting on the basis of spectral structure from 2-d nonharmonic analysis. | the restoration of images by digital inpainting is an active field of research and such algorithms are, in fact, now widely used. conventional methods generally apply textures that are most similar to the areas around the missing region or use a large image database. however, this produces discontinuous textures and thus unsatisfactory results. here, we propose a new technique to overcome this limitation by using signal prediction based on the nonharmonic analysis (nha) technique proposed by the ... | 2013 | 23549889 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the african papionin basicranium using 3-d geometric morphometrics: the need for improved methods to account for allometric effects. | the basicranium has been argued to contain a strong phylogenetic signal in previous analyses of primate cranial morphology. therefore, further study of basicranial morphology may offer new insights into controversial phylogenetic relationships within primate groups. in this study, i apply 3-d geometric morphometric techniques in a phylogenetic analysis of the african papionin basicranium. the effects of allometry strongly influence african papionin basicranial morphology and, unless these size e ... | 2011 | 20721940 |
| social correlates of testosterone and ornamentation in male mandrills. | we investigated relationships between fecal androgen concentrations, facial coloration and behaviour in semi-free-ranging male mandrills. we found that fecal androgen levels were significantly positively related to dominance rank, independent of rank stability and the mating period, suggesting that male mandrills live in a permanently aggressive context in which they must actively maintain their dominance status. facial red coloration was also significantly related to both fecal androgen levels ... | 2008 | 18582885 |
| homoplasy and the evolution of ontogeny in papionin primates. | recent advances in developmental biology reveal that patterns of morphological development, even during early phases, may be highly susceptible to evolutionary change. consequently, developmental data may be uninformative with regard to distinguishing homology and homoplasy. the present analysis evaluates postnatal ontogeny in papionin primates to test hypotheses about homology and homoplasy during later periods of development. specifically, the analysis studies the allometric bases of craniomet ... | 2007 | 17418374 |
| tuberculosis in mandrills at the lisbon zoo. | | 2006 | 17088308 |
| violent coalitionary attack by female mandrills against an injured alpha male. | female contact aggression against males is relatively rare in species in which the adult males are larger than the females, but it has the potential to influence group structure, male group membership, tenure, and dominance rank. we report an incident in which female mandrills living in a semi-free-ranging group in franceville, gabon, attacked a male that was apparently incapacitated after a fight with another male and was unable to escape. the attack involved the alpha male and did not occur in ... | 2006 | 16534806 |
| the dynamics of grooming interactions: maintenance of partner choice and the consequences of demographic variation for female mandrills. | a large body of evidence suggests that female old world monkeys maintain selective long-term grooming interactions with fitness benefits. the last two decades have produced evidence that the regulation of social interactions among primates can be, in part, explained by the biological markets theory, with grooming behaviour as the focus of these studies. grooming facilitates bonding between individuals, constituting an essential part of the regulation of social relationships among female cercopit ... | 2019 | 30701140 |
| first report of the isolation of balamuthia mandrillaris in the northern region of japan. | balamuthia mandrillaris is a free-living amoeba that lives in soil and water near human settlements. b. mandrillaris was first isolated from a mandrill baboon that died at the san diego zoo wildlife park in california in 1986, and the first human infection was reported in 1990. although reported b. mandrillaris infections are often not properly characterized, it appears that b. mandrillaris invades the living body from the soil and water, either via a wound or the nasal cavity. most confirmed in ... | 2018 | 29961176 |
| a lack of evidence of sexual transmission of a simian immunodeficiency agent in a semifree-ranging group of mandrills. | | 1989 | 2559752 |
| a comparative study of four methods for the detection of nematode eggs and large protozoan cysts in mandrill faecal material. | coproscopical methods like sedimentation and flotation techniques are widely used in the field for studying simian gastrointestinal parasites. four parasites of known zoonotic potential were studied in a free-ranging, non-provisioned population of mandrills (mandrillus sphinx): 2 nematodes (necatoramericanus/oesophagostomum sp. complex and strongyloides sp.) and 2 protozoan species (balantidium coli and entamoeba coli). different coproscopical techniques are available but they are rarely compare ... | 2017 | 29041010 |
| divergent strategies in faeces avoidance between two cercopithecoid primates. | parasites constitute a major selective pressure which has shaped animal behaviour through evolutionary time. one adaption to parasites consists of recognizing and avoiding substrates or cues that indicate their presence. among substrates harbouring infectious agents, faeces are known to elicit avoidance behaviour in numerous animal species. however, the function and mechanisms of faeces avoidance in non-human primates has been largely overlooked by scientists. in this study, we used an experimen ... | 2020 | 32269806 |
| seroprevalence for norovirus genogroups gii and giv in captive non-human primates. | noroviruses (novs) are a major cause of epidemic gastroenteritis in children and adults. several pieces of evidence suggest that viruses genetically and antigenically closely related to human novs might infect animals, raising public health concerns about potential cross-species transmission. the natural susceptibility of non-human primates (nphs) to human nov infections has already been reported, but a limited amount of data is currently available. in order to start filling this gap, we screene ... | 2019 | 30737897 |
| nasopalatine ducts and flehmen behavior in the mandrill: reevaluating olfactory communication in old world primates. | compared to other modes of communication, chemical signaling between conspecifics generally has been overlooked in old world primates, despite the presence in this group of secretory glands and scent-marking behavior, as well as the confirmed production and perception of olfactory signals. in other mammalian species, flehmen is a behavior thought to transport primarily nonvolatile, aqueous-soluble odorants via specialized ducts to the vomeronasal organ (vno). by contrast, old world primates are ... | 2013 | 23526642 |
| natural infection of free-ranging mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) by enteroviruses and astroviruses in southern gabon. | enteroviruses (picornaviridae) and astroviruses (astroviridae) cause various diseases in humans and animals, including in non-human primates (nhps). some enteroviruses and astroviruses detected in nhps are genetically related to those infecting humans, indicating the occurrence of interspecies transmissions. in this study, we screened 200 fecal samples of 56 free-ranging mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) by nested reverse transcription-pcr with primers targeting the vp1 and rdrp genes, to evaluate t ... | 2020 | 33249166 |
| self-protective function of post-conflict bystander affiliation in mandrills. | affiliative interactions exchanged between victims of aggression and individuals not involved in the original aggression (bystanders) have been observed in various species. three hypothetical functions have been proposed for these interactions: consolation, self-protection and substitute reconciliation, but data to test them are scanty. | 2012 | 22715420 |
| maternal effects and the endocrine regulation of mandrill growth. | maternal effects can influence offspring growth and development, and thus fitness. however, the physiological factors mediating these effects in nonhuman primates are not well understood. we investigated the impact of maternal effects on variation in three important components of the endocrine regulation of growth in male and female mandrills (mandrillus sphinx), from birth to 9 years of age. using a mixed longitudinal set (n = 252) of plasma samples, we measured concentrations of insulin-like g ... | 2012 | 22696170 |
| spontaneous endometriosis in a mandrill (mandrillus sphinx). | a 25-year-old female mandrill (mandrillus sphinx) died after exhibiting weakness and recumbency with serosanguineous ascites. gross findings included haemoperitoneum and multifocal to diffuse serosal thickening with petechiae and ecchymoses throughout the peritoneum. the uterus was covered entirely with large blood clots and was adherent to the ovaries and pelvic wall. microscopical and immunohistochemical examination revealed extra- and intra-uterine growth of ectopic endometrial tissue with ma ... | 2012 | 22520805 |
| modular nature of simian foamy virus genomes and their evolutionary history. | among all known retroviruses, foamy viruses (fvs) have the most stable virus-host co-speciation history, co-diverging in concert with their vertebrate hosts for hundreds of millions of years. however, detailed molecular analyses indicate that different parts of their genome might have different evolutionary histories. while their polymerase gene displays a robust and straightforward virus-host co-speciation pattern, the evolutionary history of their envelope (env) gene, is much more complicated. ... | 2019 | 31636999 |
| diagnostic evaluation of fatal balamuthia mandrillaris meningoencephalitis in a captive bornean orangutan (pongo pygmaeus) with identification of potential environmental source and evidence of chronic exposure. | a female bornean orangutan (pongo pygmaeus) aged 11 years and 6 months was examined by veterinarians after caretakers observed lethargy and facial grimacing. within 72 h the primate had left-sided hemiparesis that worsened over the next week. an mri revealed a focal right-sided cerebral mass suspected to be a neoplasm. ten days after onset of clinical signs, the orangutan died. on postmortem exam, the medial right parietal lobe was replaced by a 7 × 4 × 3.5 cm focus of neuromalacia and hemorrhag ... | 2020 | 32920664 |
| conflict over grooming topography between mandrill groomers and groomees. | grooming directed to different body areas is likely to imply different costs and benefits for groomers and groomees. in this study, we investigated social influences on grooming topography in captive female mandrills (mandrillus sphinx). subordinate groomers preferred to direct grooming to "safe" areas (the back and rump) compared to dominant groomers, while subordinate groomees did not solicit preferentially grooming to safe areas. groomers tended to initiate grooming episodes from safe areas, ... | 2020 | 32905823 |
| same father, same face: deep learning reveals selection for signaling kinship in a wild primate. | many animals rely on facial traits to recognize their kin; however, whether these traits have been selected specifically for this function remains unknown. using deep learning for face recognition, we present the first evidence that interindividual facial resemblance has been selected to signal paternal kinship. mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) live in matrilineal societies, in which females spend their entire lives not only with maternal half-sisters (mhs) but also with paternal half-sisters (phs) ... | 2020 | 32537486 |
| odontochronologies in male and female mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) and the development of dental sexual dimorphism. | we examine how dental sexual dimorphism develops in mandrills, an extremely sexually dimorphic primate. we aimed to (a) establish the chronology of dental development (odontochronology) in male and female mandrills, (b) understand interindividual and intersex variation in odontochronologies, and (c) determine how dental sexual dimorphism is achieved. | 2020 | 32510604 |
| the multidimensionality of female mandrill sociality-a dynamic multiplex network approach. | the structure and dynamics of primate social groups are shaped by the social relationships of its members. these relationships are based on different types of interactions and vary in relation to the identity of the interactants and over time. social network analysis tools represent a powerful and comprehensive method to characterise social interactions and recent methodological advances now allow the study of the multidimensionality of sociality via multilayer networks that incorporate multiple ... | 2020 | 32282851 |
| monitoring of group mates in relation to their behavior in mandrills. | primates are known to have considerable knowledge about the social relationships that link their group mates and are likely to derive this information from observing the social interactions that occur in their social group. they may, therefore, be hypothesized to pay particular attention to the social interactions involving group mates. in this study, we evaluated how the attention captive mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) devote to their group mates was modulated by the behavior of the latter. mand ... | 2020 | 32239768 |
| a longitudinal molecular study of the ecology of malaria infections in free-ranging mandrills. | unravelling the determinants of host variation in susceptibility and exposure to parasite infections, infection dynamics and the consequences of parasitism on host health is of paramount interest to understand the evolution of complex host-parasite interactions. in this study, we evaluated the determinants, temporal changes and physiological correlates of plasmodium infections in a large natural population of mandrills (mandrillus sphinx). over six consecutive years, we obtained detailed parasit ... | 2019 | 31667087 |
| mandrills represent their own dominance hierarchy on a cardinal, not ordinal, scale. | attempts to measure dominance relationships using cardinal, rather than ordinal ranks have a long history. nevertheless, it is still unclear if cardinal dominance ranks have an impact on the life of animals. in particular, no information is available on how individual group living animals represent their own dominance hierarchy. this can be investigated testing whether cardinal rank differences affect how animals interact with different group mates. in this study, we evaluated how mandrills (man ... | 2019 | 31531747 |
| biochemical and biological validations of a faecal glucocorticoid metabolite assay in mandrills (mandrillus sphinx). | stress is a major factor in determining success when releasing endangered species into the wild but is often overlooked. mandrills (mandrills sphinx) are vulnerable to extinction due to habitat loss and demand for bush meat and the pet trade. to help bolster in situ populations, rehabilitated rescued mandrills recently were released into a protected area in the republic of congo. the goal of this study was to validate the use of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite enzyme immunoassays (eias) in mand ... | 2019 | 31528347 |
| monitoring the social behavior of a bachelor mandrill (mandrillus sphinx) dyad participating in touchscreen-mediated cognitive testing. | cognitive testing of primates in zoos is becoming increasingly common. cognition experiments are generally thought to be beneficial as they provide participants with an opportunity to engage in species-specific cognitive functioning, perhaps more so than with traditional forms of environmental enrichment. however, testing may increase competition and aggression between conspecifics if it has monopolizable features or creates social tension within groups. the purpose of this study was to monitor ... | 2019 | 31106897 |
| buccal dental-microwear and feeding ecology of early pleistocene theropithecus oswaldi from cueva victoria (spain). | despite the scarcity of fossil specimens of theropithecus oswaldi in eurasia, its presence out of africa attests to the great dispersal of this papionini genus during the early pleistocene. in the present study, we analyze the buccal dental microwear of t. oswaldi (t. o. leakeyi) fossil specimens from cueva victoria (southeastern spain). this analysis is the first characterization of the feeding ecology of t. oswaldi in europe. the buccal microwear pattern of the molar and premolar teeth of t. o ... | 2020 | 32193025 |
| a new species of sucking louse from the mandrill from gabon with a review of host associations and geographical distributions, and identification keys to members of the genus pedicinus (phthiraptera: anoplura: pedicinidae). | members of the sucking louse genus pedicinus are ectoparasites of cercopithecid primates in africa, asia, and gibraltar. pedicinus gabonensis n. sp. is described on the basis of adult male and female specimens collected from the mandrill (mandrillus sphinx) in gabon. the new species is compared morphologically with other members of the genus pedicinus, and a nuclear elongation factor 1 alpha gene sequence is provided. host associations and geographical distributions of the 18 previously recogniz ... | 2020 | 32164028 |
| ecological, parasitological and individual determinants of plasma neopterin levels in a natural mandrill population. | investigating how individuals adjust their investment into distinct components of the immune system under natural conditions necessitates to develop immune phenotyping tools that reflect the activation of specific immune components that can be measured directly in the field. here, we examined individual variation of plasma neopterin, a biomarker of th1 immunity in wild mandrills (mandrillus sphinx), who are naturally exposed to a suite of parasites, including simian retroviruses and malaria agen ... | 2020 | 32140406 |
| seasonal glucocorticoid production correlates with a suite of small-magnitude environmental, demographic, and physiological effects in mandrills. | the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a neuroendocrine response to external and internal changes that animals face on a predictable or unpredictable basis. across species, variation in glucocorticoid production has been related to such changes. in this study, we investigated the predictable, seasonal sources of variation in the levels of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fgcm) in a large natural population of mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) in southern gabon. | 2018 | 29076128 |
| buccal dental-microwear and dietary ecology in a free-ranging population of mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) from southern gabon. | analyses of dental micro- and macro-wear offer valuable information about dietary adaptations. the buccal surface of the teeth does not undergo attrition, indicating that dental microwear may directly inform about food properties. only a few studies have, however, investigated the environmental and individual factors involved in the formation of such microwear in wild animals. here, we examine variation of buccal microwear patterns of mandibular molars in a large free-ranging population of mandr ... | 2017 | 29073184 |
| dental microwear textural analysis as an analytical tool to depict individual traits and reconstruct the diet of a primate. | dental microwear is a promising tool to reconstruct animals' diet because it reflects the interplay between the enamel surface and the food items recently consumed. this study examines the sources of inter-individual variations in dietary habits in a free-ranging population of mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) using a combination of feeding monitoring and in vivo dental microwear textural analysis (dmta). | 2018 | 28991380 |
| unconditional care from close maternal kin in the face of parasites. | several species mitigate relationships according to their conspecifics' parasite status. yet, this defence strategy comes with the costs of depriving individuals from valuable social bonds. animals therefore face a trade-off between the costs of pathogen exposure and the benefits of social relationships. according to the models of social evolution, social bonds are highly kin-biased. however, whether kinship mitigates social avoidance of contagious individuals has never been tested so far. here, ... | 2020 | 32097598 |
| the draft genome of mandrill (mandrillus sphinx): an old world monkey. | mandrill (mandrillus sphinx) is a primate species, which belongs to the old world monkey (cercopithecidae) family. it is closely related to human, serving as a model for human health related research. however, the genetic studies on and genomic resources of mandrill are limited, especially in comparison to other primate species. here we produced 284 gb data, providing 96-fold coverage (considering the estimated genome size of 2.9 gb), to construct a reference genome for the mandrill. the assembl ... | 2020 | 32051450 |
| ten days in the life of a mandrill horde in the lopé reserve, gabon. | mandrills have long been known to form large aggregations in the wild, but it has proved difficult to obtain detailed information on the socioecology of these groups. an unusually large (>600) horde of mandrills was followed for ten days during the 1995 dry season in central gabon, and data were collected on group composition and ecology while the mandrills were in an area of forest-savanna mosaic habitat in the north of the lopé reserve. three separate counts of most of the group showed that fu ... | 1996 | 31918520 |
| diet and habitat preference of mandrillus sphinx in gabon: implications of foraging strategy. | an ecological study of the mandrill was conducted in northeastern and central gabon from november 1982 to october 1983. the purpose of the study was to gather basic ecological data on the mandrill as a foundation for a future long-term study of this species. data were collected by direct observation, by collecting evidence left along fresh trails, and by fecal and stomach content analyses. fruits constituted the mandrill's major dietary item, supplemented by various plant parts and numerous inse ... | 1986 | 31979469 |