| catecholaminergic and serotoninergic fibres innervate the ventricular system of the hedgehog cns. | immunocytochemistry with antisera against serotonin (5-ht), dopamine (da) and noradrenaline (na) was used to detect monoaminergic (ma) fibres in the ventricular system of the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus. light microscopic examination of immunocytochemically stained sections revealed that the ventricular system of the hedgehog is unique among mammals in that the choroid plexuses receive ca axons and that the supraependyma and subependyma of the cerebral ventricles and the spinal central canal ar ... | 1996 | 8886949 |
| health and welfare of rehabilitated juvenile hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) before and after release into the wild. | thirteen wild caught juvenile hedgehogs were treated and overwintered in a rehabilitation centre and 12 were released into the wild and monitored by radiotelemetry. clinical examinations were carried out before they were released and twice afterwards, and any hedgehogs found dead were examined post mortem. the health of the animals was generally good but dental disease, obesity and minor injuries were common. one hedgehog died before it was released and had cardiovascular and respiratory lesions ... | 1996 | 8629331 |
| nadph-diaphorase active and calbindin d-28k-immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the olfactory bulb of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | the hedgehog, a macrosomatic insectivore with an extraordinary development of the olfactory structures, has a crucial value for any phylogenetic or comparative study in mammals. the distribution pattern and morphology of nadph-diaphorase-active and calbindin d-28k-immunoreactive neurons were studied in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs of the hedgehog. nadph-diaphorase (nd) staining was carried out by a direct histochemical method, and the calbindin d-28k (cabp) immunoreaction by using a mo ... | 1995 | 7535320 |
| protein and lipid utilization during fasting with shallow and deep hypothermia in the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | we investigated whether the relative contributions of body protein and lipid reserves differ according to the level of energy expenditure in fasting animals. protein and lipid utilization was therefore quantified and compared in hedgehogs which fasted with shallow and deep hypothermia, i.e. by exposure at 5 or 20 degrees c ambient temperature. body composition was determined for every 150-g decrease in mass throughout the experiment, allowing the calculation of regression lines between body mass ... | 1995 | 7738234 |
| localization of molluscan r15 alpha 2 peptide immunoreactivity in the mammalian brain. | the r15 neuropeptides have been identified in the marine mollusc aplysia californica. they compose a new family of neuropeptides acting on the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, reproductive and nervous systems. in this report we show that one of the members of the r15 neuropeptide family, the alpha 2 peptide is conserved in lower mammals. we have identified r15 alpha 2 immunoreactive neurons in the neurosecretory cell groups of the hypothalamus and in the brainstem of the hedgehog (erinace ... | 1994 | 7953693 |
| serotoninergic supraependymal plexus in the ventricular system of the hedgehog: organization principles and functional implications. | the distribution of serotonin (5-ht) immunoreactive fibers in the ventricular system of the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus was studied by means of specific antibodies against serotonin. light microscopic examination of immunocytochemically stained coronal sections showed abundant serotoninergic fibers, unevenly distributed along the ventricular wall, both supraependymally and subependymally. no immunoreactivity was evident in the choroid plexus. serotonin fibers lying supraependymally exhibited di ... | 1994 | 7983367 |
| further observations on the presence and distribution of muscle spindles in the diaphragm muscle of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and hamster (cricetus auratus). | | 2006 | 7840952 |
| differential seasonal regulation of melatonin receptor density in the pars tuberalis and the suprachiasmatic nuclei: a study in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus, l.). | using quantitative autoradiography, we have studied the seasonal changes of high affinity melatonin receptor density in both the scn and pt of the hedgehog, a seasonal breeder and an hibernator. animals in 3 different physiological states were studied: sexually active animals, and sexually inactive animals during the hibernation period, being then either euthermic or hypothermic. in sexually active animals, bmax were 75.8 +/- 7.1 fmol/mg protein in pt and 9.1 +/- 0.5 fmol/mg protein in scn; and ... | 1993 | 8680442 |
| effect of light entrainment and temperature on the reproductive cycle in the male hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | the role of photoperiod in the entrainment and synchronization of the reproductive cycle of male hedgehogs, seasonal breeders and hibernating mammals, was investigated. groups of adult hedgehogs were either maintained outdoors (controls, n = 6) or submitted to accelerated 6-month artificial light regimens under constant ambient temperatures (20 +/- 2 degrees c versus 5 +/- 1 degrees c) in light-proofed rooms. the daily duration of light was varied sinusoidally to produce an amplitude change from ... | 1993 | 8107032 |
| the primary structure of pancreatic polypeptide from a primitive insectivorous mammal, the european hedgehog (erinaceous europaeus). | pancreatic polypeptide (pp) has been isolated from extracts of the pancreas of the european hedgehog (erinaceous europaeus) which is a representative of the order insectivora, deemed to be the most primitive group of placental mammals. pancreatic tissues were extracted in acidified ethanol and the peptide was purified chromatographically using a pp c-terminal hexapeptide amide specific radioimmunoassay to monitor purification. two major pp-immunoreactive peptides were baseline-resolved following ... | 1993 | 8234904 |
| [the first genetic evidence of hybridization between west european and northern white-breasted hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus and e. roumanicus) in moscow region]. | the complex genetic examination of hedgehogs from the vicinity of the village of nikolina gora (moscow region, odintsovskii district) showed both erinaceus europaeus and e. roumanicus in the sample. one of the hedgehogs was designated as e. roumanicus by the nucleotide sequence of 1 ttr intron but possessed mitochondrial dna of e. europeus. only one of the chromosomal pairs that differ in e. europeus and e. roumanicus was heteromorphic in this specimen. its hybridous origin as the offspring of o ... | 2016 | 20143638 |
| localization of smad4 in the ovary of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.). | ovarian follicular development, follicle selection, and the process of ovulation remain poorly understood in most species. numerous endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors, including the ligands represented by the transforming growth factor β (tgfβ) superfamily, tgfβ, activin, inhibin, bone morphometric protein (bmp), and growth differentiation factor (gdf) are present in the ovaries of many animals. in the present study, we investigated the immunolocalization of smad4, a signaling molecule ... | 2011 | 20071012 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing elements in the olfactory bulb of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)-immunopositive elements was analyzed in the olfactory bulb (ob) of the western european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) under light and electron microscopy. the immunoreactivity appeared in an abundant population of periglomerular cells of the glomerular layer, in interneurons of the external plexiform layer, and in a restricted group of deep short-axon cells of the internal plexiform layer, the granule cell layer and the white matter. i ... | 2002 | 12084411 |
| dna footprints of european hedgehogs, erinaceus europaeus and e. concolor: pleistocene refugia, postglacial expansion and colonization routes. | european hedgehogs, erinaceus europaeus and e. concolor, are among the many european plant and animal taxa that have been subjected to cyclical restriction to glacial refugia and interglacial expansion. an analysis of 95 mitotypes, comprising partial cytochrome b and control region sequences, shows deep divergence between the two hedgehog species. three europaeus and two concolor clades are clearly identified and are consistent with previously identified refugia for europe: the iberian peninsula ... | 2001 | 11555261 |
| pineal melatonin concentrations during day and night in the adult hedgehog: effect of a light pulse at night and superior cervical ganglionectomy. | the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.) is a hibernating mammal and seasonal breeder in which numerous circadian and circannual rhythms are entrained and synchronized by photoperiod. the present study was undertaken in order to establish the involvement of the pineal gland in transducing the photoperiodic message in this species. pineal melatonin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in female hedgehogs kept under natural climatic conditions and killed during the light:dark ( ... | 1991 | 1757890 |
| demonstration with [14c]2-deoxyglucose of brain structures involved in the masticatory activity of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | the different brain structures activated during mastication in the hedgehog were revealed using sokoloff's 2-deoxy-d-[1-14c]glucose technique. brain sections of animals having received an injection of 2-deoxy-d-[1-14c]glucose during mastication were compared with those of animals treated during calm waking. only brain structures that presented a 20% increase in glucose consumption were considered. the greatest increases were observed in the bulbar parvocellular reticulum and the trigeminal spina ... | 1990 | 2085742 |
| structure of the olfactory bulb of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus): a golgi study of the intrinsic organization of the superficial layers. | the intrinsic organization of the mitral cell, external plexiform, and glomerular layers of the main olfactory bulb of the insectivore hedgehog were studied with the golgi method. this study completes our previous description of the cell types in the granule cell layer in the same subject (lópez-mascaraque et al., j. comp. neurol. 253:135-152, '86). in the present contribution the morphology of mitral, internal, and middle tufted cells is described with particular interest in the formation and a ... | 1990 | 2262591 |
| effect of melatonin administration and long day-length on endocrine cycles in the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus. | the effects of exogenous melatonin (subcutaneous implants containing 0.031 +/- 0.006 mg/gm body mass melatonin) or long photoperiod (18l:6d) on wild-caught adult male hedgehogs were studied. hedgehogs were implanted with melatonin-filled or empty capsules in may, august, or september, or maintained under long photoperiod from august. blood samples collected at monthly intervals were assayed for testosterone, melatonin, and thyroxin. melatonin-filled capsules elevated plasma melatonin concentrati ... | 1990 | 2380905 |
| effect of melatonin administration and long day-length on endocrine cycles in the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus. | the effects of exogenous melatonin (subcutaneous implants containing 0.031 +/- 0.006 mg/gm body mass melatonin) or long photoperiod (18l:6d) on wild-caught adult male hedgehogs were studied. hedgehogs were implanted with melatonin-filled or empty capsules in may, august, or september, or maintained under long photoperiod from august. blood samples collected at monthly intervals were assayed for testosterone, melatonin, and thyroxin. melatonin-filled capsules elevated plasma melatonin concentrati ... | 1990 | 2338615 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons in the main olfactory bulb of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) immunoreactivity was localized by the indirect antibody enzyme method (pap technique) in the main olfactory bulb of the hedgehog. most vip-immunoreactive cells were located in the glomerular layer and throughout the external plexiform layer. fewer cells were observed in the granule cell layer. at the morphological level they exhibit the characteristics of periglomerular, external tufted, superficial short axon, horizontal and van gehuchten cells. it should ... | 1989 | 2710395 |
| structure of the nucleus olfactorius anterior of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | the cytoarchitecture, topography, and cellular structure of the nucleus olfactorius anterior (noa) in the hedgehog have been studied in nissl-stained and golgi preparations. the noa is an important receptive allocortical formation for olfactory fibers and the major source of association fibers relating the main olfactory bulb with the rest of the olfactory brain. it was divided into a bulbar part; four subdivisions named lateral, dorsal, medial, and ventral; an external part; and a posterior par ... | 1989 | 2465323 |
| ontogeny of relationship of middle ear and temporomandibular (squamomandibular) joint in mammals. ii. morphology and ontogeny in insectivores. | the ontogeny of the mandibular joint and the middle ear region was studied in erinaceus europaeus, sorex araneus, talpa europaea and elephantulus rozeti. during development, a passage connection was found between the mandibular condyle and meckel's cartilage that is produced by the primordium of the lateral pterygoid muscle. the articular disk is formed apart and it appears later in development. | 1989 | 2718717 |
| seasonal endocrine cycles in the european hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus. | adult hedgehogs, maintained in captivity under natural environmental conditions of photoperiod and ambient temperature, were bled monthly. plasma was assayed for melatonin, testosterone, prolactin, thyroxin, beta-endorphin and both plasma and urine for cortisol. melatonin concentrations followed a circannual pattern, maximal between november and february at photoperiods less than 10l:14d, which is suggested as a key photoperiod. beta-endorphin concentrations were maximal between march and septem ... | 1988 | 2972832 |
| basal forebrain neurons project to the cortical mantle of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | the basal forebrain projections to the cortical mantle of the hedgehog were traced using the wga-hrp method. the nuclei of the vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band of broca, the nucleus basalis and the substantia innominata were found to project to the ipsilateral frontal, parietal and occipital cortices. these projections, apparently cholinergic, were not topographically organized. | 1988 | 2453001 |
| hippocampus and dentate area of the european hedgehog. comparative histochemical study. | the hippocampal formation in the european hedgehog was examined with acetylcholinesterase (ache) histochemistry and catecholamine histofluorescence in order to define the normal distribution of septohippocampal fibers and noradrenergic fibers, respectively, as well as to compare these inputs with the hippocampal cytoarchitecture as revealed with nissl stain. in addition, alterations in the histochemical appearance following septohippocampal denervation were examined. although the overall pattern ... | 1988 | 3233486 |
| seasonal ultrastructural changes of the hypophyseal pars tuberalis in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.). | the comparison of the hypophyseal pars tuberalis in active and in hibernating hedgehogs reveals different cytological characteristics in the specific secretory cells. in active animals, these cells show oval nuclei and the cytoplasm contains numerous secretory granules near or attached to the cell membrane, suggesting exocytotic release. in hibernating animals, the specific secretory cells are characterized by irregularly shaped and often invaginated nuclei. clusters of secretory granules lying ... | 1988 | 3227781 |
| immunohistochemical localization of some endocrine cells in the gastroenteropancreatic system of erinaceus europaeus. | the distribution of chromogranin a and neuron specific enolase (nse) in the neuroendocrine gut system and the morphology and distribution of cells containing gastrin, somatostatin, neurotensin and vip in the gastroenteropacreatic (gep) apparatus of erinaceus europaeus were investigated by immunohistochemical methods. chromogranin a and somatostatin immunoreactive cells were present throughout the gastrointestinal mucosa, with the exception of the oesophagus and in the pancreas. gastrin cells wer ... | 1988 | 2464991 |
| relationship between body and testis temperatures in the european hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus, during hibernation and sexual reactivation. | simultaneous telemetry of the body and testis temperatures of 8 hedgehogs was carried out during hibernation and during sexual reactivation in spring. between october and january, when the testes were involuted, the body/testis temperature differential was variable, with mean daily testis temperatures up to 1 degrees c warmer than body temperatures. from mid-february onwards, when plasma testosterone approached maximal concentrations, mean testicular temperatures stabilized 1.4 +/- 0.2 degrees c ... | 1987 | 3430474 |
| [regulation of endocrine pancreas secretions (insulin and glucagon) during the periodic lethargy-waking cycle of the hibernating mammal]. | in winter, hibernating mammals enter a long phase of lethargy which is characterized by low body temperature, depressed metabolism and minimal release of metabolic substrates from endogenous fuel stores. periodically, they spontaneously warm themselves to regain the euthermic state. these arousals are, by contrast, times of high release and consumption of endogenous substrates. insulin and glucagon may contribute to the control of both contrasting metabolic periods. the secretion and metabolic e ... | 1987 | 3301441 |
| venom resistance in the hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus: purification and identification of macroglobulin inhibitors as plasma antihemorrhagic factors. | hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) plasma contains factor(s) which neutralize the hemorrhagic activity of european viper (vipera berus) venom. these antihemorrhagic factor(s) were purified by gel filtration on sephacryl s-200 and chromatography on cibacron blue sepharose. the macroglobulin fraction obtained was characterized for proteinase inhibiting activity, molecular weight and purity by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunological cross-reactivity and was found to contain the three macro ... | 1987 | 3590212 |
| structure of the olfactory bulb of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus): description of cell types in the granular layer. | the cytoarchitecture of the olfactory bulb and the cell types in the granular layer of adult hedgehogs have been studied with the golgi method. the mitral cell layer does not stand out as a monolayer as in most mammals; it is arranged as a diffuse stratum with mitral cells displaced into the external plexiform layer. the external plexiform layer is exceedingly thick and contains the branches of peripheral processes of granule cells and displaced mitral and tufted cells. the granular layer contai ... | 1986 | 3793987 |
| unusual myoepithelium in the retrolingual salivary gland of the european hedgehog. | the myoepithelial cells of the hedgehog retrolingual salivary gland have an unusual three-dimensional configuration. many of the myoepithelial processes are not closely apposed to the overlying epithelial cell, but pursue a seemingly independent course in the connective tissue. the multiplicity of myoepithelial processes gives the intercalated ducts the appearance of being ensheathed by several layers of smooth muscle, each delimited by basal lamina, but these layers can be traced back to their ... | 1986 | 3712510 |
| ultrastructure of the retrolingual salivary gland of the european hedgehog. | retrolingual glands of the european hedgehog are pure mucous salivary glands consisting of mucous acini, intercalated ducts, and excretory ducts, but lacking striated ducts. the acinar cells, which lack basal folds, are filled with mucous droplets that have a fibrillogranular matrix. many of the intercalated duct cells contain a single cytoplasmic inclusion that often is nearly as large as the nucleus. these inclusions are expanded cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum with moderately dense c ... | 1986 | 3712509 |
| calretinin-, neurocalcin-, and parvalbumin-immunoreactive elements in the olfactory bulb of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | the distribution pattern and morphology of calretinin-, neurocalcin-, and parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons were studied in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs of the hedgehog. the detection of these markers was carried out by using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies and the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method. specific neuronal populations were positive for these calcium-binding proteins in the hedgehog olfactory bulb, revealing both similarities to and differences from the data reported ... | 2001 | 11135235 |
| cryptosporidial infection in a captive european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | an adult female hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) developed hemorrhagic diarrhea and was euthanized after failure to respond to treatment. at postmortem examination, the gastrointestinal tract was distended with clear fluid. histopathologic examination of the jejunum and ileum revealed numerous small, round, pale basophilic organisms typical of cryptosporidia on the luminal surface of the enterocytes and free in the crypts. in addition, there was severe villus atrophy in the ileum. it was thought t ... | 2009 | 20063833 |
| five new polymorphic microsatellite loci in the european hedgehog erinaceus europaeus. | | 2000 | 11091346 |
| studies on biological and enzymatic activities of salivary glands from the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | aqueous extracts of salivary glands (glandula submandibularis and g. parotis) from the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) exhibited neither lethal effect (intraperitoneal injection, mice), nor haemorrhagic and myonecrotic (mice) activity. of the various enzymes tested (kallikrein, casein hydrolysis, phospholipase a2, acid and alkaline phosphatase, alpha-amylase), both glands possessed alkaline phosphatase and alpha-amylase activity only. these experiments suggest that toxic saliva in mammal ... | 1999 | 10482397 |
| distribution of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | the distribution of cholinergic markers was studied in the main olfactory bulb (mob) and accessory olfactory bulb (aob) of the western european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) by using choline acetyltransferase (chat) immunocytochemistry and acetylcholinesterase (ache) histochemistry. a dense network of ache-containing and chat-immunoreactive fibers was observed innervating all layers of the mob except the olfactory nerve layer, where neither ache- nor chat-labeled elements were found. the highes ... | 1999 | 10075443 |
| paralysis in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) associated with demyelination. | paraplegia affected 14 hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) in a wildlife rescue hospital over a period of six months. postmortem examination revealed demyelination in the brain and spinal cord and an inflammatory response in the meninges, choroid plexus and cns. the peripheral nervous system was not affected. in the spleen, lungs and liver there was an accumulation of megakaryocytes and other evidence of extramedullary haemopoiesis, but there was no haematological evidence of anaemia. the pattern of ... | 1998 | 9854316 |
| placentation in mammals once grouped as insectivores. | interest in insectivoran grade mammals has been reawakened by taxonomic changes that place tenrecs and golden moles in a new order and separate hedgehogs from moles, shrews and solenodons. this survey of their placentation shows there is great variation even within families. as an example three subfamilies of tenrec have been examined. the interhemal region is cellular hemomonochorial in echinops and microgale but endotheliochorial in micropotamogale. golden moles, which are placed in the same o ... | 2010 | 19876821 |
| mitochondrial dna phylogeography of european hedgehogs. | european hedgehog populations belonging to erinaceus europaeus and e. concolor have been investigated by mitochondrial dna analysis. a 383 bp fragment of the cytochrome b gene has been sequenced and maximum parsimony and neighbour-joining trees of tamura-nei genetic distance values have been constructed. similar topologies have been produced by both methods, showing a deep divergence between e. europaeus and e. concolor and a further subdivision of each species into a western and an eastern clad ... | 1998 | 9734073 |
| accumulation of anticoagulant rodenticides in a non-target insectivore, the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | studies on exposure of non-targets to anticoagulant rodenticides have largely focussed on predatory birds and mammals; insectivores have rarely been studied. we investigated the exposure of 120 european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) from throughout britain to first- and second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (fgars and sgars) using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (hplc) and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (lcms). the proportion of hedgeh ... | 2010 | 19674821 |
| habitat type-based bioaccumulation and risk assessment of metal and as contamination in earthworms, beetles and woodlice. | the present study investigated the contribution of environmental factors to the accumulation of as, cd, cu, pb and zn in earthworms, beetles and woodlice, and framed within an exposure assessment of the european hedgehog. soil and invertebrate samples were collected in three distinct habitat types. results showed habitat-specific differences in soil and invertebrate metal concentrations and bioaccumulation factors when normalized to soil metal concentration. further multiple regression analysis ... | 2009 | 19524344 |
| nondestructive pollution exposure assessment in the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus): iii. hair as an indicator of endogenous organochlorine compound concentrations. | concentrations of organochlorine persistent pollutants were investigated in tissues of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). road kills and carcasses from wildlife rescue centers were used to characterize organochlorine compound tissue distribution and tissue profile dissimilarities (hair, liver, kidney, muscle, and adipose tissue). the most important contaminants were polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), chlordanes (chls), and ddts, with median concentrations of 75, 5.1, and 1.4 ng/g liver ... | 2006 | 16494237 |
| spontaneous subcutaneous myxosarcoma in a captive european hedgehog (erinsceus europaeus). | a surgically excised biopsy representing a subcutaneous mass on the left side of the neck from a 3-year-old female european hedgehog (erinsceus europaeus) was presented. spontaneous myxosarcoma was diagnosed based on histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics. the neoplasm grossly consisted of a firm, pale, multilobulated mass with a characteristic clear gelatinous fluid. histologically, the neoplasm was nonencapsulated and composed of pleomorphic stellate or spindle- ... | 2006 | 17121099 |
| non-destructive pollution exposure assessment in the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus): ii. hair and spines as indicators of endogenous metal and as concentrations. | the role of hair and spines of the european hedgehog as non-destructive monitoring tools of metal (ag, al, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, ni, pb, zn) and as pollution in terrestrial ecosystems was investigated. our results showed that mean pollution levels of a random sample of hedgehogs in flanders are low to moderate. yet, individual hedgehogs may be at risk for metal toxicity. tissue distribution analyses (hair, spines, liver, kidney, muscle and fat tissue) indicated that metals and as may reach conside ... | 2006 | 16324771 |
| nondestructive pollution exposure assessment in the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus): i. relationships between concentrations of metals and arsenic in hair, spines, and soil. | conventional metal exposure assessment in terrestrial mammals is generally based on organ analyses of sacrificed animals. few studies on mammals use nondestructive methodologies despite the growing ethical concern over the use of destructive sampling. nondestructive methods involve minimal stress to populations and permit successive biomonitoring of the same populations and individuals. in the present study we assessed metal exposure of hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) by investigating relationsh ... | 2005 | 16193766 |
| hair as an indicator of endogenous tissue levels of brominated flame retardants in mammals. | few data are available on brominated flame retardants (bfrs) in terrestrial mammalian wildlife. moreover, the use of hair in nondestructive monitoring of bfrs in mammals or humans has not been investigated. in the present study, concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and brominated biphenyl 153 (bb 153) were analyzed in tissues of the european hedgehog erinaceus europaeus. road kills and carcasses from wildlife rescue centers were used to investigate relationships between conce ... | 2005 | 16173558 |
| non-destructive pollution exposure assessment in the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus): iv. hair versus soil analysis in exposure and risk assessment of organochlorine compounds. | few ecotoxicological studies on mammals use non-destructive methodologies, despite the growing ethical concern over the use of destructive sampling methods. in the present study we assessed exposure of hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) to polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (ddts), hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs) and hexachlorobenzene (hcb), by investigating concentrations of these compounds in soils and hedgehog hair from seven study sites around the urban area of a ... | 2007 | 16787689 |
| [activity of pmsf-inhibited carboxypeptidase in brain tissues and regions of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus)]. | the activity of the pmsf-inhibited carboxypeptidase in different tissues and brain regions of erinaceus europaeus has been studied. the highest pmsf-inhibited carboxypeptidase activity, has been discovered in the pituitary gland and in some peripheral tissues: tests, lung, kidney, adrenal gland, spleen. the pmsf-inhibited carboxypeptidase activity in the brain regions is approximately two folds as low in the peripheral tissues. the activity of pmsf-inhibited carboxypeptidase in the brain regions ... | 2015 | 9454386 |
| isolation and characterization of six polymorphic microsatellite loci in the european hedgehog erinaceus europaeus. | | 1997 | 9004520 |
| physiological response of the european hedgehog to predator and nonpredator odour. | a respiratory chamber was used to investigate physiological responses of hedgehogs to predator and nonpredator odour cues, introduced by passing air through different faecal suspensions. five recently caught hedgehogs showed a significant increase in oxygen consumption (29% +/- 18% at 95% c.i.) when treated with badger (predator) faecal suspension, and 10 hedgehogs held in captivity for ca. 2 years showed no significant response. the responses of recently caught hedgehogs to odour from badger (p ... | 1996 | 8946492 |
| water turnover evaluated by the tritiated water method and by the nutritional method in european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.). | the total body water (tbw), the fractional water turnover rate (wtr), and the water flux rates (wfr) were studied for the first time by the tritiated-water method in 10 hedgehogs under laboratory conditions during the year. to validate this method, we compared the result to the nutritional method. the tbw varied inversely with body mass (bm) during both the active and the hibernation periods. the wtr varied from 16% to 21% during the hibernation period and after the reproduction. the higher valu ... | 1996 | 8896341 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptidergic innervation and gastroenteropancreatic system: an immunocytochemical study in the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus. | the pattern of the digestive vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)-ergic innervation is described immunohistochemically in the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus. this animal is a small-sized, wild, nocturnal, lower eutherian mammal whose gastrointestinal tract shows some similarities with the avian gut. the myenteric plexus of the stomach, the mucosa of the small intestine and the circular muscle layer of the large intestine are the best vip-innervated structures. the pattern of the positive innerv ... | 1992 | 1585793 |
| the annual cycle of erinaceus europaeus l. as a model for a further study of cytochemical heterogeneity in purkinje neuron nuclei. | the cytochemical heterogeneity of nuclei in purkinje cells, which reflects differences in metabolic states within the population, has been studied by comparing cerebellar hemispheres of the hedgehog during periods of activity and hibernation. cerebellar granule cells and hepatocytes served as controls for diploid cells. three different cytochemical stains (feulgen reaction, propidium iodide and hoechst 33342 fluorochromes) were used in order to evaluate by microdensitometry and microfluorometry ... | 1986 | 2422587 |
| presence of c-flanking peptide of neuropeptide y(c-pon)-immunoreactive neurons in the olfactory cortex of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | although the presence of the neuropeptide c-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide y, c-pon, has been described in the central nervous system (cns) of mammals, to date there is no information related with its involvement in brain functions. an analysis of the location of c-pon in specific neuronal circuits of known anatomy and physiological action should provide light on its physiological role. the presence, distribution and morphology of c-pon-containing neurons in the olfactory cortex of th ... | 1993 | 8233064 |
| testing the role of intraguild predation in regulating hedgehog populations. | potential competitors that eat each other can engender patterns of spatial segregation similar to those produced by competition, and distinguishable only by field manipulation. this paper reports the results of a perturbation experiment to test the factors responsible for small-scale discontinuities in the distribution of a common insectivore. populations of hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) were monitored following their introductions into an area where they had been absent, and into a neighbouri ... | 1992 | 1359546 |
| parvalbumin and calbindin immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | to investigate the morphology and distribution of nonpyramidal neurons in the brain of insectivores, parvalbumin and calbindin 28 kda immunoreactivity was examined in the cerebral cortex of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells were found in all layers of the isocortex, but in contrast to other mammals, a laminar organisation or specific regional distribution was not seen. characteristic parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons were multipolar cells with large ascending ... | 1992 | 1452472 |
| cell types of the pars distalis of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.) adenohypophysis: cytological, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies. 4. thyrotropic cells. | staining and histochemical methods, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were used to individualize the thyrotropic cells in the adenohypophysis of the non-hibernating hedgehog. one cell type was differentiated; its characteristics at the light and electron-microscopic levels were presented. immunofluorescence has confirmed the functional significance of this cell type and the validity of the denomination of 'thyrotropic cells'. | 1986 | 3538749 |
| effects of hibernation on somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the ground squirrel (spermophilus richardsonii) and european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | the localization of the somatostatin system in the brains of richardson's ground squirrels (spermophilus richardsonii) and european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) was described by use of immunocytochemical methods. in addition, (i) chemically differing types of somatostatin and (ii) different activity phases of the somatostatin system during the hibernation cycle were investigated in the ground squirrel by means of high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) and radioimmunoassay (ria). in both s ... | 1986 | 2868793 |
| neocortical layers i and ii of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). i. intrinsic organization. | the intrinsic organization and interlaminar connections in neocortical layers i and ii have been studied in adult hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) using the golgi method. layer i contains a dense plexus of horizontal fibers, the terminal dendritic bouquets of pyramidal cells of layer ii and of underlying layers, and varieties of intrinsic neurons. four main types of cells were found in layer i. small horizontal cells represent most probably persisting foetal horizontal cells described for other m ... | 1986 | 2421609 |
| oxytocin- and vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pineal gland of the hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus l. | oxytocin- and vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers, apparently originating from a dorsal subunit of the paraventricular nucleus, were demonstrated in the pineal gland of the hedgehog. the majority of these fibers (pinealopetal projections) is intimately related to the capillaries of the pineal organ, whereas only a few elements are scattered throughout the pineal parenchyma. the number of peptidergic elements observed in the central portion of the pineal organ exceeds that of fibers located a ... | 1981 | 7273134 |
| [ultrastructure of folliculo-stellar cells in the hypophyseal pars distalis of the rock squirrel (citellus variegatus erxleben), the dormouse (graphiurus murinus desmaret), and the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus linnaeus)]. | | 1981 | 6260566 |
| effect of the adrenocorticostatic agent, metopirone, on thermoregulatory heat production in the european hedgehog*. | 1. non-shivering thermogenesis (nst) was studied in 8 hedgehogs before and after a single injection of metopirone ditartrate (150-450 mg/kg, i.p.) at a thermoneutral chamber temperature (ta) of 28c and during cold exposure (ta = 8 degrees c for 20 min). 2. an average metabolic increase of 149% of the standard metabolic rate (smr) was observed 12-26 min after an injection of metopirone ditartrate at thermoneutral chamber temperature. average temperatures simultaneously increased by 2.1c in the br ... | 1980 | 7191094 |
| role of glucose and catecholamines in the regulation of insulin secretion in the hibernating hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) during arousal. | | 1980 | 6993281 |
| [cilia-centriole-golgi apparatus relationships in the glandular cells of the anterior pituitary of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l)]. | antehypophysial somatotropic and prolactinic cells of the hedgehog have isolated cilia composed by a ring of 9 or 8 double tubules with or without a central tubule; this single cilia is in relation with a basal corpuscule. a granulo-filamentous neck joins the basal corpuscule to the subjacent centriole; from this granulo-filamentous neck accompanying the complex basal corpuscule-centriole, microtubules and striated filaments extend towards the golgi apparatus. the single cilia, probably of chemo ... | 1980 | 6769602 |
| photically evoked potentials and afterpotentials recorded from the visual cortex of the unanesthetized hedgehog. | evoked potentials to visual stimuli (vep) were recorded from the visual cortex of the unanesthetized hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), a primitive placental mammal with relatively little differentiation of cortex and thalamus. the veps consisted of several distinct positive and negative voltage deflections. reproducibility of the response was high, as indicated from the small intrasession and intersession response variability. rhythmic afterpotentials (ap), previously reported for higher mammals, ... | 1980 | 7350994 |
| [the endocrine pancreas of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) during hibernation and awakening. light and electron microscopy studies]. | | 1980 | 7018445 |
| cell types of the pars distalis of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.) adenohypophysis: cytological, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies. 3. opiocorticomelanotropic cells. | staining and histochemical methods, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were used to individualize the opiocorticomelanotropic cells in the adenohypophysis of the non-hibernating hedgehog. one cell type was differentiated; its characteristics at the electron-microscopic level were presented. immunofluorescence has confirmed the functional significance of this cell type and the validity of the denomination 'opiocorticomelanotropic cells'. | 1985 | 2413702 |
| lesions associated with a capillaria infestation in the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | a variety of changes was seen in the respiratory tract of european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) infected with a capillaria species. the main lesions were those of bronchopneumonia and tracheitis. | 1984 | 6512034 |
| [cerebrosides and sulfocerebrosides in the brain of insectivorous mammals]. | brain cerebrosides (c) and sulfocerebrosides (s) of insectivora, which represent the most ancient and primitive order of placentary mammals, were first studied. the content of c and s is higher in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus, e. auritus) and mole (talpa europaea) brains as compared to shrew (sorex araneus) brain. hydroxy fatty acids predominate over normal fatty acids in c of all studied insectivora brains. the fatty acid content of c and s of the insectivora brains is similar in being rich i ... | 2006 | 6485652 |
| endodyogeny in isospora rastegaievae from the eurasian hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.). | isospora rastegaievae undergoes its asexual development in the intestinal tract of hedgehogs by endodyogeny. using light- and electron-microscopy it was demonstrated that daughter organisms were formed by typical endodyogeny as described for different coccidia. | 1984 | 6709397 |
| scanning electron microscopic study of hedgehog uteri. | ultrastructural studies of hedgehog uteri (erinaceus europaeus l.) have been made using animals in anestrus, in estrus and in estrus after sojourn of a week with a male. in estrus and anestrus the uterine epithelium is homogeneous, regularly interrupted by orifices of glands. it is composed of microvillous cells only. microvilli decrease in number and length in anestrus. a new type of cell, a ciliated cell, appears after copulation. probable correlation of ultrastructural aspects of endometrium ... | 1984 | 6539965 |
| innervation of the capsules of the large limb joints of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | | 1984 | 6489876 |
| pancreatic a cell response to arginine in the hibernating hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | pancreatic a cell response to arginine was measured in hedgehogs during the periods of lethargy and arousal and then during activity. spontaneous plasma glucagon concentrations were lower during lethargy than during activity, and they increased during arousal. arginine administration induced a slight, but significant delayed increase in plasma glucagon concentration in the lethargic hedgehog (body temperature: 6 degrees). during arousal, in vitro glucagon secretion was temperature dependent sugg ... | 1983 | 6354839 |
| hippocampal mossy fibers in the regio superior of the european hedgehog. | the hippocampal mossy fiber zone of the european hedgehog has been studied at the light and electron microscopic levels. in contrast to the organization of this zone in other mammals, the mossy fiber zone of the hedgehog is not confined to the region of ammon's horn that is characterized by large pyramidal cells (i.e. regio inferior) but extends into the region that contains small pyramidal cells (i.e. regio superior). the terminals, throughout the relatively extensive mossy fiber zone of the he ... | 1982 | 6176296 |
| localisation and structure of the receptors in the snout skin of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) at the level of light and electron microscopy. | morphological investigations of the snout skin of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) revealed many nerve bundles and nerve fibres in the corium. under the electron microscope, fibrocytes, many schwann cells and, close to the basal membrane, laminated corpuscles can be seen. the latter consist of laminae, laminar cells and an axon. the laminae are characterized by exocytotic vesicles and by branching. the laminar cells are narrow and long. in the axon, there are several clear vesicles an ... | 1982 | 7164851 |
| cell types of the pars distalis of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.) adenohypophysis: cytological, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies. 1. somatotropic cells. | | 1982 | 6186115 |
| the reproductive cycle in the male hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.): a study of endocrine and exocrine testicular functions. | seasonal changes in testicular and accessory gland weights, histological testicular structures, fructose and citric acid concentrations in two accessory glands and plasma testosterone levels were determined in adult male hedgehogs living in middle western france. testicular activity started in winter (from december to february) during the last part of the hibernation period. during this resumption period, testis weights as well as all the testicular structural features (leydig cell volume; lengt ... | 1981 | 7349520 |
| [cyclic activity of adrenal function and seasonal variations of cortisol peripheral metabolism in a hibernating mammal, the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.) (author's transl)]. | in the male hedgehog we have studied the nycthemeral and seasonal variations of plasma corticosteroids (cortisol and corticosterone) and different parameters (half-life: t 1/2; apparent volume of distribution: vad; metabolic clearance rate: tcm; production rate: tp) which characterize the metabolism of cortisol, the main corticosteroid in the hedgehog, and give and accurate representation of the cortico-adrenal gland activity. this study was done on unanesthetized animals, kept under natural cli ... | 1980 | 7441572 |
| seasonal changes in membrane lipid transitions and thyroid function in the hedgehog. | upper (tf) and lower (ts) temperature limits of order-disorder transitions in blood cell lipids of hedgehogs, erinaceus europaeus, were determined over an annual cycle. there was a significant decrease in the temperature of both tf and ts from values of 19 and 6 degrees c, respectively, for summer animals to values of 14 and -2.0 degrees c for winter animals. plasma thyroxine levels decreased from a summer mean of 16.0 nmol/liter to a mean of 2.3 nmol/liter in winter. basal oxygen consumption al ... | 1979 | 443413 |
| ultrastructure of sensory corpuscles in the snout skin of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | | 1979 | 437589 |
| [ultrastructure of the thymus of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) during wakefulness, hibernation and various phases of reawakening]. | | 1979 | 398683 |
| winter weight and water intake fluctuations of hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) under laboratory conditions. | | 1978 | 642445 |
| [facial muscles of insectivora. ii. pachyura indica and sorex araneus]. | the investigation includes the area of facialis in erinaceus europaeus, talpa europaea, pachyura indica and sorex araneus. it is indicated that the topography of muscles diverges considerably from the equal conditions in rodentia, carnivoar and ungulata . the dorsal length musculature thus is almost an undivided mass of muscles by the 4 species investigated as also the laterally and ventrally situated musculature at certain points diverges from the conditions within other above mentioned animal ... | 1978 | 744461 |
| [the facial muscles of insectivora. i. erinaceus europaeus and talpa europaea]. | this investigation includes the area of n. facialis in erinaceus europaeus and talpa europaea. it is indicated that the topography of muscles diverges considerably from the equally conditions in rodentia, carnivora, and ungulata. the dorsal length musculature thus is an almost undivided mass of muscles in the 2 investigated species as also the laterally and ventrally situated musculature at certain points diverges from the conditions within other above mentioned animal groups. | 1978 | 689348 |
| [heterosensory interaction in neocortical neurons of the hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus]. | reactions of neurons in different areas have been investigated in the hedgehog cortex by means of the microelectrode technique. a wide dispersion of afferent inputs was shown over the whole neocortex, alongside with the existence of definite projection foci of appropriate modalities. in the specific projection zones the conditioning heterosensory stimulation did not influence the onset of the response of the testing specific stimulus. blocking of responses was observed in the so-called "associat ... | 2006 | 899402 |
| an endocrine and histophysiological study of the testicular annual cycle in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.). | the histophysiology of the testis was studied all year round in adult male hedgehogs living in middle-western france. variations in leydig and sertoli cell populations were correlated to plasma testosterone levels and compared to variations in seminiferous tubule diameter and germ cell production. during the last part of the hibernating period, in winter, leydig cell parameters and plasma testosterone levels increased and reached maximum values in february, 1 month before the maximum development ... | 1983 | 6862179 |
| cell types of the pars distalis of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.) adenohypophysis: cytological, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies. 2. prolactin cells. | staining and histochemical methods, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy were used to individualize the prolactin cells in the adenohypophyseal pars distalis of the nonhibernating hedgehog. one cell type was differentiated; their characteristics at the light and electron microscopic levels were presented. immunofluorescence has confirmed the functional significance of this cell type and the validity of the denomination 'prolactin cells'. | 1983 | 6356762 |
| glucose-turnover control by insulin in the hibernating hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | | 1983 | 6339347 |
| plasma testosterone binding protein capacity in relation to the annual testicular cycle in a hibernating mammal, the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.). | | 1982 | 7200924 |
| visual evoked potentials (vep) recorded from the hippocampus of the chronically-implanted unanesthetized hedgehog. | visual evoked potentials (veps) were recorded from the dorsal hippocampus of chronically-implanted unanesthetized european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus). the hippocampal vep is less complex in appearance than the vep recorded from the visual cortex. it consists of several distinct, reliably reproducible peaks and one distinct afterpotential (ap). the ease of recording and the reliability of the elicited electrophysiological responses recommended this primitive placental insectivore for use in ... | 1982 | 7116201 |
| effect of serotonin administration on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes during the period of maximal sexual activity of the male hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.). | | 1974 | 4413089 |
| ultrastructure and histochemistry of the submandibular gland of the european hedgehog, erinaceous europaeus l. i. acinar secretory cells. | | 1972 | 4111667 |
| [adrenal cortex of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and its mitochondrial modifications in the different stages of the annual cycle]. | | 1972 | 4561384 |
| [hibernation and hypophyseal corticotropic secretion in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.)]. | | 2016 | 4339007 |
| ultrastructure and histochemistry of the submandibular gland of the european hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus l. ii. intercalated ducts and granular striated ducts. | | 1974 | 4844654 |
| tissue and plasma electrolyte levels in the awake state during the year, in summer cold exposure and during arousal from hibernation in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | | 1974 | 4154171 |
| [electron microscopic study of the spleen of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). i. cells of the reticulum, venous sinuses and erythropoietic foci]. | | 1974 | 4425588 |
| [study of some aspects of the adrenal function related to carbohydrates metabolism and mineral metabolism in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.) exposed to cold (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4464801 |