| trypanosoma cruzi iic: phylogenetic and phylogeographic insights from sequence and microsatellite analysis and potential impact on emergent chagas disease. | trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of chagas disease, is highly genetically diverse. numerous lines of evidence point to the existence of six stable genetic lineages or dtus: tci, tciia, tciib, tciic, tciid, and tciie. molecular dating suggests that t. cruzi is likely to have been an endemic infection of neotropical mammalian fauna for many millions of years. here we have applied a panel of 49 polymorphic microsatellite markers developed from the online t. cruzi genome to document genetic ... | 2009 | 19721699 |
| importance of xenarthrans in the eco-epidemiology of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. | several pathogens that cause important zoonotic diseases have been frequently associated with armadillos and other xenarthrans. this mammal group typically has evolved on the south american continent and many of its extant species are seriously threatened with extinction. natural infection of armadillos with paracoccidioides brasiliensis in hyperendemic areas has provided a valuable opportunity for understanding the role of this mammal in the eco-epidemiology of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), one ... | 2009 | 19919716 |
| plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase values for the common long-nosed armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus. | plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities were determined for 40 free-living and 12 captive common long-nosed armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) in order to establish normal values for monitoring pesticide exposure. plasma cholinesterase activity ranged from 105 to 549 u/liter with no sexual or seasonal differences. plasma values from captive animals were significantly lower than those from wild armadillos. erythrocyte cholinesterase activity ranged from 2,915 to 15,126 u/liter with no dif ... | 2009 | 2761009 |
| pauci- and multibacillary leprosy: two distinct, genetically neglected diseases. | after sustained exposure to mycobacterium leprae, only a subset of exposed individuals develops clinical leprosy. moreover, leprosy patients show a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that extend from the paucibacillary (pb) to the multibacillary (mb) form of the disease. this "polarization" of leprosy has long been a major focus of investigation for immunologists because of the different immune response in these two forms. but while leprosy per se has been shown to be under tight human gen ... | 2016 | 27219008 |
| genotyping of toxoplasma gondii and sarcocystis spp. in road-killed wild mammals from the central western region of the state of são paulo, brazil. | road-killed wild animals host zoonotic pathogens such as toxoplasma gondii, offering a new opportunity for the epidemiological study of these infectious organisms. | 2016 | 27812655 |
| hosts and vectors of trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in the chagas disease endemic region of the paraguayan chaco. | active trypanosoma cruzi transmission persists in the gran chaco region, which is considered hyperendemic for chagas disease. understanding domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles and therefore the relationship between vectors and mammalian hosts is crucial to designing and implementing improved effective control strategies. here we describe the species of triatomine vectors and the sylvatic mammal reservoirs of t. cruzi, in different localities of the paraguayan and bolivian chaco. we identif ... | 2017 | 28179034 |
| a comparative study of trypanosoma cruzi infection in sylvatic mammals from a protected and a disturbed area in the argentine chaco. | understanding the complex epidemiology of trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycles requires comparative studies in widely different environments. we assessed the occurrence of t. cruzi infection in sylvatic mammals, their infectiousness to the vector, and parasite genotypes in a protected area of the argentine chaco, and compared them with information obtained similarly in a nearby disturbed area. a total of 278 mammals from >23 species in the protected area were diagnosed for t. cruzi infection us ... | 2016 | 26708994 |
| patterns of mycobacterium leprae infection in wild nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) in mississippi, usa. | the nine-banded armadillo ( dasypus novemcinctus ) is the only known nonhuman reservoir of mycobacterium leprae , the causative agent of hansen's disease or leprosy. we conducted a 6-yr study on a wild population of armadillos in western mississippi that was exposed to m. leprae to evaluate the importance of demographic and spatial risk factors on individual antibody status. we found that spatially derived covariates were not predictive of antibody status. furthermore, analyses revealed no evide ... | 2016 | 27195687 |
| evaluation of endocytic capacity and nadph-oxidase activity from armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) eosinophils infected with microfilariae. | endocytic activity of phagocytic cells from armadillos infected with viruses, parasites or bacteria is unknown. this report shows that eosinophils from armadillos infected with microfilaria act against these helmintic parasites but have deficiencies in their oxygen-dependent bacteriocidal mechanisms and also in endocytic capacity against yeast. | 2009 | 18990455 |
| molecular identification of trypanosomatids in wild animals. | diverse wild animal species can be reservoirs of zoonotic flagellate parasites, which can cause pathologic chagas disease. the present study aimed to detect the natural occurrence of flagellate parasites through direct microscopic examination of the parasites in blood samples and through pcr of whole blood and blood culture (haemoculture) samples from 38 captive and 65 free-living wild animals in the centre for conservation of wild fauna (ccwf), an area endemic for leishmaniasis. for this study, ... | 2014 | 24636787 |
| zoonotic leprosy in the southeastern united states. | nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) are naturally infected with mycobacterium leprae and have been implicated in zoonotic transmission of leprosy. early studies found this disease mainly in texas and louisiana, but armadillos in the southeastern united states appeared to be free of infection. we screened 645 armadillos from 8 locations in the southeastern united states not known to harbor enzootic leprosy for m. leprae dna and antibodies. we found m. leprae-infected armadillos at each ... | 2015 | 26583204 |
| the curse of the nine-banded armadillo: case report and review. | hansen's disease (leprosy) is an ancient condition characterized by hypopigmented patches that progress to become plaques with hypoesthesia. several case reports suggest that armadillos may be a source of mycobacterium leprae for clinical cases, and contact with armadillos has been shown to be a significant risk factor in several case-control studies. early diagnosis and treatment result in an excellent prognosis and provide an effective means to prevent complications of peripheral nerve injury, ... | 2015 | 26126264 |
| mechanisms of nerve injury in leprosy. | all patients with leprosy have some degree of nerve involvement. perineural inflammation is the histopathologic hallmark of leprosy, and this localization may reflect a vascular route of entry of mycobacterium leprae into nerves. once inside nerves, m. leprae are ingested by schwann cells, with a wide array of consequences. axonal atrophy may occur early in this process; ultimately, affected nerves undergo segmental demyelination. knowledge of the mechanisms of nerve injury in leprosy has been g ... | 2014 | 25432810 |
| the armadillo as a model for peripheral neuropathy in leprosy. | leprosy (also known as hansen's disease) is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae that primarily targets the peripheral nervous system; skin, muscle, and other tissues are also affected. other than humans, nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) are the only natural hosts of m. leprae, and they are the only laboratory animals that develop extensive neurological involvement with this bacterium. infection in the armadillo closely recapitulates many of the structural, ph ... | 2014 | 24615444 |
| the armadillo: a model for the neuropathy of leprosy and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases. | leprosy (also known as hansen's disease) is an infectious peripheral neurological disorder caused by mycobacterium leprae that even today leaves millions of individuals worldwide with life-long disabilities. the specific mechanisms by which this bacterium induces nerve injury remain largely unknown, mainly owing to ethical and practical limitations in obtaining affected human nerve samples. in addition to humans, nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) are the only other natural host of m. ... | 2013 | 23223615 |
| hansen's disease (leprosy): current and future pharmacotherapy and treatment of disease-related immunologic reactions. | hansen's disease, also known as leprosy, remains an important public health problem throughout the world, including north america. the causative microbe in hansen's disease is mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast organism that is difficult to grow in vitro. the nine-banded armadillo is the major animal reservoir in the united states. manifestations of disease vary based on host immune response and can range from tuberculoid to lepromatous leprosy (paucibacillary to multibacillary disease). hansen' ... | 2012 | 22392826 |
| trans-sialidase inhibition assay detects trypanosoma cruzi infection in different wild mammal species. | the detection of trypanosoma cruzi infection in mammals is crucial for understanding the eco-epidemiological role of the different species involved in parasite transmission cycles. xenodiagnosis (xd) and hemoculture (hc) are routinely used to detect t. cruzi in wild mammals. serological methods are much more limited because they require the use of specific antibodies to immunoglobulins of each mammalian species susceptible to t. cruzi. in this study we detected t. cruzi infection by trans-sialid ... | 2013 | 23930975 |
| lack of sarcocystis neurona antibody response in virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana) fed sarcocystis neurona-infected muscle tissue. | serum was collected from laboratory-reared virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana) to determine whether experimentally infected opossums shedding sarcocystis neurona sporocysts develop serum antibodies to s. neurona merozoite antigens. three opossums were fed muscles from nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus), and 5 were fed muscles from striped skunks (mephitis mephitis). serum was also collected from 26 automobile-killed opossums to determine whether antibodies to s. neurona were pres ... | 2006 | 16884017 |
| the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) is naturally infected with sarcocystis neurona. | sarcocysts were dissected from the tongue of a nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). dna was extracted and characterised by pcr amplification followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and nucleotide sequencing. a total of 1879 nucleotides were compared; the sarcocyst dna sequence was identical to that reported for sarcocystis neurona. dna was extracted from the sarcocysts of five more nine-banded armadillos. a 254-nucleotide sequence was determined for each and found ... | 2001 | 11306110 |
| sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto isolated from soil in an armadillo's burrow. | sporotrichosis is a polymorphic disease of man and animals caused by traumatic implantation of propagules into the skin and subcutaneous tissue. pathogenic species includes s. brasiliensis, s. schenckii, s. globosa and s. luriei. the disease is remarkable for its occurrence as sapronoses and/or zoonosis outbreaks in tropical and subtropical areas; although, the ecology of the clinical clade is still puzzling. here, we describe an anamorphic sporothrix strain isolated from soil in an armadillo's ... | 2014 | 24577793 |
| new sylvatic hosts of trypanosoma cruzi and their reservoir competence in the humid chaco of argentina: a longitudinal study. | a four-year longitudinal study of the structure of sylvatic transmission cycles of trypanosoma cruzi, reservoir host competence and parasite discrete typing units was conducted in a disturbed rural area of the humid chaco in argentina. among 190 mammals examined by xenodiagnosis and polymerase chain reaction amplification, the composite prevalence of infection was substantially higher in dasypus novemcinctus armadillos (57.7%) and didelphis albiventris opossums (38.1%) than in euphractus sexcinc ... | 2013 | 23530075 |
| behavioral responses of three armadillo species (mammalia: xenarthra) to an environmental enrichment program in villavicencio, colombia. | enrichment is a powerful tool to improve the welfare of animals under human care. stress-related health and behavioral problems, as well as reproductive failure, are frequent in armadillos (xenarthra, cingulata, dasypodidae) under human care, which hinders the development of successful ex situ conservation programs. nevertheless, scientific studies on the effect of enrichment programs on armadillos are virtually non-existent. the objective of this study was to assess the impact of an enrichment ... | 2016 | 27272640 |
| validation of a poisson-distributed limiting dilution assay (lda) for a rapid and accurate resolution of multiclonal infections in natural trypanosoma cruzi populations. | trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of american trypanosomiasis, a complex zoonotic disease that affects more than 10million people in the americas. strains of this parasite possess a significant amount of genetic variability and hence can be divided into at least six discrete typing units (dtus). the life cycle of this protist suggests that multiclonal infections may emerge due to the likelihood of contact of triatomine insects with more than 100 mammal species. to date, there have been a ... | 2013 | 23159798 |
| non-legalized commerce in game meat in the brazilian amazon: a case study. | in tropical forests, wild game meat represents an option or the only protein source for some human populations. this study analyzed the wildlife meat trade destined to human consumption in an open market of the amazon rainforest, brazil. wildlife meat trade was monitored during 2005 through interviews to vendors and consumers in order to evaluate the socioeconomic profile of the sellers, the main species and byproducts sold, their geographical origin, commercial value, frequency of sale and prod ... | 2010 | 20737856 |
| [morphological aspects and histochemical studies mucins in xenarthra (dasypus novemcinctus) pancreas (author's transl)]. | | 2014 | 4535219 |
| histochemistry of mucopolysaccharides in the gastric epithelium of the pyloric region in the dasypus novemcinctus. | | 2014 | 4269631 |
| the sylvatic transmission cycle of trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area in the humid chaco of argentina. | little is known about the sylvatic transmission cycle of trypanosoma cruzi in the gran chaco ecoregion. we conducted surveys to identify the main sylvatic hosts of t. cruzi, parasite discrete typing units and vector species involved in pampa del indio, a rural area in the humid argentinean chaco. a total of 44 mammals from 14 species were captured and examined for infection by xenodiagnosis and polymerase chain reaction amplification of the hyper-variable region of kinetoplast dna minicircles of ... | 2012 | 22771688 |
| amblyomma auricularium (ixodida: ixodidae) in florida: new hosts and distribution records. | previous published evidence for the occurrence of an exotic armadillo tick, amblyomma auricularium (conil), in florida is scant, but we found it is fully established and integrated into the state's tick fauna. we collected 11,192 specimens of this tick from naturalized nine-banded armadillos, dasypus novemcinctus l., and 14 other species of wild native mammals and birds in florida, while sampling statewide during 2004 through 2007. in all, we document its specific presence only in 14 contiguous ... | 2017 | 28082640 |
| a new dasypodini armadillo (xenarthra: cingulata) from san gregorio formation, pliocene of venezuela: affinities and biogeographic interpretations. | we describe pliodasypus vergelianus gen. et sp. nov., a dasypodini armadillo from the middle pliocene of venezuela (vergel member, san gregorio formation). although scarce, the remains are remarkable because of their geochronologic proximity to the main phase of great american biotic interchange (gabi). the cladistic analysis conducted reveals that pliodasypus groups with dasypus and both are sister taxa of propraopus, whereas anadasypus is at a basal position. with respect to the records of tri ... | 2014 | 24414134 |
| [morphological aspects and histochemical study of polysaccharides on the salivary lingual glands of mammalia. iv. xenarthra (dasypus novemcinctus and bradypus tridactylus)]. | | 2003 | 5244818 |
| molecular evolution of the neurohypophysial hormone precursors in mammals: comparative genomics reveals novel mammalian oxytocin and vasopressin analogues. | among vertebrates the neurohypophysial hormones show considerable variation. however, in eutherian mammals they have been considered rather conserved, with arginine vasopressin (avp) and oxytocin (ot) in all species except pig and some relatives, where lysine vasopressin replaces avp. the availability of genomic data for a wide range of mammals makes it possible to assess whether these peptides and their precursors may be more variable in eutheria than previously suspected. a survey of these dat ... | 2012 | 22995712 |
| [diversity, relative abundance and activity patterns of medium and large mammals in a tropical deciduous forest in the isthmus of tehuantepec, oaxaca, mexico]. | the use of camera traps and mammal track search are complementary methods to monitoring species of which is not well documented their natural history, as in the case of medium and large mammals. to ensure its conservation and good management, it is necessary to generate information about the structure of the community and their populations. the objective of the present study was to estimate the diversity, relative abundance and activity patterns of medium and large mammals in a tropical deciduou ... | 2014 | 25720178 |
| isolation and characterization of peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 from antler base of sika deer (cervus nippon). | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are secreted innate immunity pattern recognition molecules. in this study, a new peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 named cnpgrp1 was isolated from an antler base of sika deer cervus nippon. the antler base antimicrobial proteins (aap) were subjected to consecutive chromatographic methods connected to sephadex g-25 gel filtration column (cm) anion-exchange column, and rp-hplc. the molecular weight of cnpgrp1 was 17.2 kda under sds-page, and peptide mas ... | 2014 | 24360898 |
| detection of paracoccidioides spp. in environmental aerosol samples. | taking into account that paracoccidioidomycosis infection occurs by inhalation of the asexual conidia produced by paracoccidioides spp. in its saprobic phase, this work presents the collection of aerosol samples as an option for environmental detection of this pathogen, by positioning a cyclonic air sampler at the entrance of armadillo burrows. methods included direct culture, extinction technique culture and nested pcr of the rrna coding sequence, comprising the its1-5.8s-its2 region. in additi ... | 2013 | 22762209 |
| environmental enrichment for a mixed-species nocturnal mammal exhibit. | environmental enrichment (ee) is an integral aspect of modern zoo animal management but, empirical evaluation of it is biased toward species housed in single-species groups. nocturnal houses, where several nocturnal species are housed together, are particularly overlooked. this study investigated whether three species (nine-banded armadillos, dasypus novemcinctus; senegal bush babies, galago senegalensis; two-toed sloths, choloepus didactylus) in the nocturnal house at paignton zoo environmental ... | 2016 | 21387395 |
| inactivation of c4orf26 in toothless placental mammals. | previous studies have reported inactivated copies of six enamel-related genes (ambn, amel, amtn, enam, klk4, mmp20) and one dentin-related gene (dspp) in one or more toothless vertebrates and/or vertebrates with enamelless teeth, thereby providing evidence that these genes are enamel or tooth-specific with respect to their critical functions that are maintained by natural selection. here, we employ available genome sequences for edentulous and enamelless mammals to evaluate the enamel specificit ... | 2016 | 26596502 |
| genomic evidence for rod monochromacy in sloths and armadillos suggests early subterranean history for xenarthra. | rod monochromacy is a rare condition in vertebrates characterized by the absence of cone photoreceptor cells. the resulting phenotype is colourblindness and low acuity vision in dim-light and blindness in bright-light conditions. early reports of xenarthrans (armadillos, sloths and anteaters) suggest that they are rod monochromats, but this has not been tested with genomic data. we searched the genomes of dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo), choloepus hoffmanni (hoffmann's two-toed slot ... | 2015 | 25540280 |
| monitoring the status and trends of tropical forest terrestrial vertebrate communities from camera trap data: a tool for conservation. | reducing the loss of biodiversity is key to ensure the future well being of the planet. indicators to measure the state of biodiversity should come from primary data that are collected using consistent field methods across several sites, longitudinal, and derived using sound statistical methods that correct for observation/detection bias. in this paper we analyze camera trap data collected between 2008 and 2012 at a site in costa rica (volcan barva transect) as part of an ongoing tropical forest ... | 2013 | 24023898 |
| [wildlife damage mitigation in agricultural crops in a bolivian montane forest]. | wildlife is often blamed for causing damage to human activities, including agricultural practices and the result may be a conflict between human interests and species conservation. a formal assessment of the magnitude of damage is necessary to adequately conduct management practices and an assessment of the efficiency of different management practices is necessary to enable managers to mitigate the conflict with rural people. this study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of agricultur ... | 2014 | 25720183 |
| functional responses of cougars (puma concolor) in a multiple prey-species system. | the study of predator-prey interactions is commonly analyzed using functional responses to gain an understanding of predation patterns and the impact they have on prey populations. despite this, little is known about predator-prey systems with multiple prey species in sites near the equator. here we studied the functional response of cougars (puma concolor) in sierra nanchititla natural reserve (mexico), in relation to their main prey, armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus), coati (nasua narica) and w ... | 2017 | 28261959 |
| [the convergent evolution of the secondary structure of mitochondrial cysteine trna in the nine-banded armadillo dasypus novemcinctus]. | the case of the convergent loss of the d-hairpin in mitochondrial cysteine trna of the nine-banded armadillo dasypus novemcinctus is described. this evolutionary event sheds light on the molecular structure-function relationship and on the effect of this relationship on the processes of evolution of biopolymers and macromolecules. | 2006 | 15977827 |
| cold-induced fever and peak metabolic rate in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | in response to cold exposure, some mammals, including the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus), exhibit an increase in core temperature. this response, which can be qualified as a cold-induced fever, could increase cold tolerance by increasing peak metabolic rates because of the q(10) effects. this hypothesis, however, is not compatible with the observation that peak core temperature can occur up to 100 min before peak metabolic rate in nine-banded armadillos during acute exposure to col ... | 2013 | 15449236 |
| orientation selectivity in the visual cortex of the nine-banded armadillo. | orientation selectivity in primary visual cortex (v1) has been proposed to reflect a canonical computation performed by the neocortical circuitry. although orientation selectivity has been reported in all mammals examined to date, the degree of selectivity and the functional organization of selectivity vary across mammalian clades. the differences in degree of orientation selectivity are large, from reports in marsupials that only a small subset of neurons are selective to studies in carnivores, ... | 2017 | 28053246 |
| metal accumulation in bobcats in the southeastern usa. | bobcats (lynx rufus) are wide-ranging mammals found throughout the continental usa. as carnivores near the top of their food chain, bobcats would seem to be a useful bioindicator of metal pollution in terrestrial environments. however, there is very limited research on bobcats in toxicology studies. here, we offer the first analysis of metal (copper, selenium, silver, and zinc) contaminants in the livers of wild bobcats. liver tissues from 120 adult bobcats (i.e., estimated to be ≥1 year old) we ... | 2016 | 27629555 |
| gross osteology, radiographic and computed tomographic morphology of the axial skeleton of the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | this study used 20 nine-banded armadillo, four in vivo and 16 cadavers, to describe the osteoarticular anatomy of the axial skeleton by means of digital radiography and computed tomography. vertebral formula obtained in this sample specimens was seven cervical, 10 thoracic, five lumbar, nine vertebrae related to the synsacrum and 20-27 free caudal vertebrae. peculiar features of this species were noted as the presence of xenarthrous processes in the caudal thoracic vertebra to the last lumbar ve ... | 2017 | 27611500 |
| vertebral bending mechanics and xenarthrous morphology in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | the vertebral column has evolved to accommodate the broad range of locomotor pressures found across vertebrate lineages. xenarthran (armadillos, sloths and anteaters) vertebral columns are characterized by xenarthrous articulations, novel intervertebral articulations located in the posterior trunk that are hypothesized to stiffen the vertebral column to facilitate digging. to determine the degree to which xenarthrous articulations impact vertebral movement, we passively measured compliance and r ... | 2016 | 27473436 |
| expansion of the tunica albuginea during penile inflation in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | artificial inflation of corpora cavernosa from the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) showed that the expansion of the tunica albuginea during erection increases both components of flexural stiffness: the second moment of area and young's modulus of elasticity. folded tissue and crimped collagen fibers in the tunica albuginea permit its expansion during erection. as the tunica albuginea's radii increase in size, its second moment of area also increases. the crimped collagen fibers perm ... | 1999 | 9882638 |
| how stiff is the armadillo? a comparison with the allometrics of mammalian respiratory mechanics. | static respiratory mechanics were examined in the armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) and compared with allometric relationships newly derived for adult mammals from values in the literature. normalised by body weight, chest wall compliance (cw) in the armadillo is lower than predicted. lung compliance (cl) is also low in the armadillo, however it is appropriately matched to the resting lung volume (vr) (ie. cl/vr infinity mass0.0) and the ratio of cw/cl is appropriate for the size of the animal. r ... | 1998 | 9832230 |
| light and scanning electron microscopic study of the palatine mucosa of nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | the three-dimensional structure of the lamina propria of the hard and soft palatine mucosa of the nine-banded armadillo was observed by scanning electron microscopy. sodium hydroxide cell maceration method was applied to demonstrate the architecture of the connective tissue papillae. the palatine mucosa of the armadillo had a triangular shape and measured appr. 6.5 cm length. the hard palate showed 9 transverse palatine plicae while the soft palate was smooth. in the 10% naoh treated specimens, ... | 1998 | 9651743 |
| genome-wide screening of retroviral envelope genes in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus, xenarthra) reveals an unfixed chimeric endogenous betaretrovirus using the asct2 receptor. | retroviruses enter host cells through the interaction of their envelope (env) protein with a cell surface receptor, which triggers the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. the sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter asct2 is the common receptor of the large rd114 retrovirus interference group, whose members display frequent env recombination events. germ line retrovirus infections have led to numerous inherited endogenous retroviruses (ervs) in vertebrate genomes, which provide useful ... | 2016 | 27384664 |
| the fetal-maternal interface of the nine-banded armadillo: endothelial cells of maternal sinus are partially replaced by trophoblast. | the evolution of invasive placentation in the stem lineage of eutherian mammals entailed resolution of the incompatibility between a semi-allogenic fetus and the maternal immune system. the haemochorial placenta of nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) is thought to conceal itself from the maternal immune system to some degree by developing inside a preformed blood sinus, with minimal contact with the uterine connective tissue. in the present study, we elucidate the micro-anatomical relat ... | 2016 | 27284459 |
| metal accumulation in wild-caught opossum. | the virginia opossum (didelphis virginiana) is widespread in the usa, ranging south through latin america. the ecology of opossums is such that they are in frequent contact with soils, suggesting that they may function as a valuable bioindicator for chemical contamination in terrestrial environments. surprisingly, there have been virtually no toxicology studies on opossums. here, we provide the first analysis of metal contaminants in opossum liver tissues. liver samples were obtained from 471 op ... | 2016 | 27138002 |
| squamous cell carcinoma in a nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | squamous cell carcinomas (sccs) are tumors that occur in most animals and show strong invasiveness into surrounding tissues and nearby osseous tissues. this report describes a case of scc in a 5-yr-old female nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) with a hemorrhagic mass on the left mandibular region. the tumor originated in skin tissues and showed invasion of the oral cavity, adjacent to the submandibular salivary gland histologically. to our knowledge, this is the first report of a scc i ... | 2015 | 26056888 |
| discrete typing units of trypanosoma cruzi identified in rural dogs and cats in the humid argentinean chaco. | the discrete typing units (dtus) of trypanosoma cruzi that infect domestic dogs and cats have rarely been studied. with this purpose we conducted a cross-sectional xenodiagnostic survey of dog and cat populations residing in 2 infested rural villages in pampa del indio, in the humid argentine chaco. parasites were isolated by culture from 44 dogs and 12 cats with a positive xenodiagnosis. dtus were identified from parasite culture samples using a strategy based on multiple polymerase-chain react ... | 2013 | 23058180 |
| trypanosoma cruzi iii from armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus novemcinctus) from northeastern venezuela and its biological behavior in murine model. risk of emergency of chagas' disease. | trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of chagas' disease, was isolated from armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus novemcinctus) captured in rural communities northeastern venezuela from nueva esparta state (no endemic for chagas' disease), monagas and anzoátegui states (endemics). the isolates, genetically typed by pcr-rflp as belonging to the tciii dtu, have demonstrated in murine model heterogenic parasitemia, mortality and histotropism with marked parasitism in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth myocyte ... | 2012 | 22902748 |
| in vivo strains in the femur of the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | the capacity of limb bones to resist the locomotor loads they encounter depends on both the pattern of those loads and the material properties of the skeletal elements. among mammals, understanding of the interplay between these two factors has been based primarily on evidence from locomotor behaviors in upright placentals, which show limb bones that are loaded predominantly in anteroposterior bending with minimal amounts of torsion. however, loading patterns from the femora of opossums, marsupi ... | 2015 | 25809577 |
| the correct name of the endemic dasypus (cingulata: dasypodidae) from northwestern argentina. | we show that dasypus mazzai yepes 1933 is a senior synonym of dasypus yepesi vizcaíno 1995. we present morphological evidence that the holotype of d. mazzai is not a juvenile of dasypus novemcinctus or any other species of this genus, but a distinct endemic species from northwestern argentina undistinguishable from d. yepesi. therefore, the correct name for the long-nosed armadillo of intermediate size occurring in the argentinean provinces of jujuy and salta is dasypus mazzai yepes 1933. | 2014 | 25543926 |
| use of medicinal fauna in mexican traditional medicine. | mexico has great biodiversity of fauna. the use of fauna with medicinal properties is a common practice since pre-hispanic times. in the last decade, there has been an interest in ethnozoological studies in mexico. therefore, more studies are needed in order to gather information regarding the use of fauna with medicinal properties in méxico. ethnozoological studies are necessary in order to discover new medications for human health. this review presents current information in terms of ethnozool ... | 2014 | 24440438 |
| earthworms near leprosy patients' homes are negative for acid-fast bacilli by fite stain, providing no link between leprous armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) and human leprosy. | enzootic leprosy has been recognized in armadillos in louisiana since 1975. contact with armadillos is being assessed as a risk factor for leprosy in three white women, lifelong residents of separate rural areas in northern louisiana, which is a region without endemic leprosy. none has had any known exposure to human leprosy. each was aware of armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) near or under her home for decades. in considering possible environmental sources formycobacterium leprae, we observed t ... | 1989 | 24197127 |
| a mexican armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) colony for leprosy research. | | 1987 | 3430004 |
| aspidodera kinsellai n. sp. (nematoda: heterakoidea) from nine-banded armadillos in middle america with notes on phylogeny and host-parasite biogeography. | aspidodera kinsellai n. sp. (heterakoidea: aspidoderidae) from the 9-banded armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus , is herein described. this nematode occurs from costa rica north through central mexico where it can be found causing co-infections with aspidodera sogandaresi . aspidodera kinsellai n. sp. can be discriminated from this and all other species in the family based on 3 key features, including (1) conspicuous lateral grooves with no lateral alae starting immediately after the hood and termin ... | 2013 | 23909482 |
| our experiences with breeding of nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) in captivity. | the nine-banded armadillo is considered the best animal model in the study of leprosy. armadillos have never been successfully bred in the laboratory and therefore animals required for the experiments are captured from the wild and are likely to carry many diseases including leprosy. an attempt was made to breed them in captivity. our attempt to house them in various combinations in their natural environment in the farmlands of louisiana was successful. although a significant increase in concept ... | 2006 | 3440844 |
| leprosy in armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) from texas. | tissue sections from 237 nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) from 51 central texas counties were examined microscopically for acid-fast bacilli and/or lesions of leprosy. neither were found. a review of the literature relative to the incidence of leprosy from armadillos in texas indicates that residents of counties along the texas gulf coast may be at risk of contracting leprosy by handling infected armadillos or their tissues. | 1987 | 3586200 |
| sudden respiratory collapse in an armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus, linn.). | | 1986 | 3711713 |
| determination of reproductive maturity in the female nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | at 3-month intervals from birth to 27 months of age, 3 female armadillos were killed. the number and size of follicles greater than 202 micron were determined, plasma progesterone concentration was measured, and values were correlated with age. blood samples were taken monthly by femoral vein puncture and plasma was analysed by radioimmunoassay for progesterone concentration. at necropsy, both ovaries were visually inspected for a corpus luteum, weighed and then processed for routine histology. ... | 1986 | 3944786 |
| population dynamics and range expansion in nine-banded armadillos. | understanding why certain species can successfully colonize new areas while others do not is a central question in ecology. the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) is a conspicuous example of a successful invader, having colonized much of the southern united states in the last 200 years. we used 15 years (1992-2006) of capture-mark-recapture data from a population of armadillos in northern florida in order to estimate, and examine relationships among, various demographic parameters that ... | 2013 | 23844183 |
| metal accumulation in wild nine-banded armadillos. | nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) are widespread and abundant new world mammals with a lifestyle that entails prolonged, intimate contact with soils. thus, armadillos would seem a promising candidate as a sentinel species to monitor chemical contamination in terrestrial ecosystems. surprisingly, there have been virtually no toxicology studies on armadillos. here, we provide the first analysis of metal contaminants for wild armadillos. liver tissues were obtained from 302 armadillos c ... | 2013 | 23794189 |
| spermatogenesis is seasonal in the large hairy armadillo, chaetophractus villosus (dasypodidae, xenarthra, mammalia). | very little is known about the distinct reproductive biology of armadillos. very few studies have investigated armadillo spermatogenesis, with data available only for euphractus sexcinctus and dasypus novemcinctus. in the present study, we analysed male germ cell differentiation in the large hairy armadillo chaetophractus villosus throughout the year, describing a cycle of the seminiferous epithelium made of eight different stages. evaluation of the testis/body mass ratio, analysis of the archit ... | 2013 | 22951275 |
| venipuncture sites in armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus). | several venipuncture sites were evaluated in nine-banded armadillos. included were the jugular, subclavian, cephalic, saphenous, and ventral tail veins, as well as cardiac puncture. animals were anesthetized with 25 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride prior to sampling. all sites yielded adequate blood volumes for hematology and serum chemistry studies. | 1983 | 6684711 |
| fibroma in a nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | an adult male nine-banded armadillo (dasypus nonemcintus) had a large tumour between the first and second phalanges of the right fore-foot. the tumour was of dermal origin, consisted of dense interlacing bundles of collagen, and contained numerous fibroblasts with elongate nuclei and sparse cytoplasm. mitotic figures were not observed, there was no evidence of lipid accumulation, and there was no metastasis to regional lymph nodes or other tissues. electron microscopy showed that the major cells ... | 1983 | 6863608 |
| spontaneous systemic sporotrichosis in nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus). | | 1982 | 7157106 |
| fetal-maternal gradients of steroid hormones in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone levels in plasma were measured in pregnant, non-pregnant and fetal armadillos. progesterone demonstrated the largest placental gradient with levels 6 to 10-fold higher in the fetus. testosterone levels were higher in male and lower in female fetuses, when compared to the respective maternal serum values. dehydroepiandrosterone, and cortisol were consistently high in maternal as compared to matched fetal serum samples whereas the reverse was true for androstene ... | 1982 | 7175817 |
| genetic admixture in multidimensional environmental space: asymmetrical niche similarity promotes gene flow in armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus). | we unite genetic data with a robust test of niche divergence to test the hypothesis that patterns of gene flow between two lineages of the nine-banded armadillo are influenced by their climatic niches. we collected geographical information system (gis) data on climate using locality information from 111 individuals from two lineages that had associated genetic material. we tested whether niches of these lineages were more conserved or divergent than the background environments of their geographi ... | 2011 | 21884050 |
| genetic maternity and paternity in a local population of armadillos assessed by microsatellite dna markers and field data. | genetic data from polymorphic microsatellite loci were employed to estimate paternity and maternity in a local population of nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) in northern florida. the parentage assessments took advantage of maximum likelihood procedures developed expressly for situations when individuals of neither gender can be excluded a priori as candidate parents. the molecular data for 290 individuals, interpreted alone and in conjunction with detailed biological and spatial inf ... | 1998 | 18811420 |
| retroposed elements and their flanking regions resolve the evolutionary history of xenarthran mammals (armadillos, anteaters, and sloths). | armadillos, anteaters, and sloths (order xenarthra) comprise 1 of the 4 major clades of placental mammals. isolated in south america from the other continental landmasses, xenarthrans diverged over a period of about 65 myr, leaving more than 200 extinct genera and only 31 living species. the presence of both ancestral and highly derived anatomical features has made morphoanatomical analyses of the xenarthran evolutionary history difficult, and previous molecular analyses failed to resolve the re ... | 2007 | 17884827 |
| osteoderm morphology and development in the nine-banded armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus (mammalia, xenarthra, cingulata). | among modern mammals, armadillos (xenarthra, cingulata) are the only group that possesses osteoderms, bony inclusions within the integument. along the body, osteoderms are organized into five discrete assemblages: the head, pectoral, banded, pelvic, and tail shields. the pectoral, banded, and pelvic shields articulate to form the carapace. we examined osteoderm skeletogenesis in the armadillo dasypus novemcinctus using serial and whole-mount histochemistry. compared with the rest of the skeleton ... | 2006 | 17051548 |
| frequency and duration of the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium of the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | the majority of the cross-sections of seminiferous tubules of nine-banded armadillos show only one type of cellular association as in most eutherian and metatherian mammals with scrotal testes. the spermatogenic cycle was divided into 8 stages, in relation to the shedding of the spermatozoa. the relative frequencies (%) of stages 1-8 were, respectively: 16.6, 7.5, 12.9, 9.1, 9.7, 18., 11.7 and 13.6. the duration of the cycle was 8.15 days, as determined by intratesticular injection of [3h]thymid ... | 1981 | 7205779 |
| clomiphene-induced ovulation in the 9-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | 8 armadillos each received 50 mg clomiphene citrate daily for 5 days. 7 of the animals showed an increase in plasma progesterone to a level indicative of ovulation (greater than 10 ng/ml) within 6 days of the last injection. in addition, the administration of clomiphene caused the urogenital smear pattern to change from dioestrous to oestrous. | 1980 | 7193260 |
| aspidoderidae from north america, with the description of a new species of aspidodera (nematoda: heterakoidea). | aspidodera sogandaresi n. sp. (heterakoidea: aspidoderidae) from dasypus novemcinctus linnaeus, 1758 is herein described. this nematode occurs in armadillos from as far south as the canal zone of panama, north through central mexico, and into the southern united states. previously identified as aspidodera fasciata (schneider, 1866), this new species has blunt projections on the lips and lateral expansions at the distal tips of the spicules, whereas a. fasciata has conspicuous digitiform projecti ... | 2006 | 16995403 |
| determination of duffy phenotype of red blood cells in dasypus novemcinctus and cabassous sp. | | 2005 | 16341435 |
| hematologic parameters for wild and captive nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus). | hematologic parameters were determined at capture and during captivity for nine-banded armadillos. compared to the time of capture, the mean erythrocyte counts were significantly lower after 6 months in captivity. after 1 year in captivity, the mean hematocrit was significantly higher and the mean neutrophil count in males was significantly lower. although the number of armadillos sampled was greater than in previous research, the variation within groups was large. | 1978 | 723223 |
| the character of sperm maturation in the epididymis of the ascrotal hyrax, procavia capensis and armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus. | | 1978 | 719095 |
| a scanning electron microscopic survey of the brain ventricular system of the female armadillo. | the scanning electron microscope was used to survey the brain ventricular system of the female armadille (dasypus novemcinctus) with emphasis on the third ventricle. the walls of the lateral ventricles, aqueduct, and fourth ventricle are covered by long cilia. in the lateral ventricle, the cilia are arranged in groups; but in the aqueduct and fourth ventricle, they are evenly placed over the cellular surfaces. the ependymal cells of the third ventricle are densely ciliated except for the organum ... | 1977 | 922852 |
| naturally acquired leprosy-like disease in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus): recent epizootiologic findings. | | 1977 | 926090 |
| spontaneous renal disease in louisiana armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus). | renal lesions were present in 34 (68%) of 50 armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) collected for a survey of the prevalence of leptospires in louisiana wildlife. the renal lesions were not associated with elevations in the renal function tests of blood urea nitrogen or serum creatinine or with consistent serologic or cultural evidence of leptospires. | 1977 | 916135 |
| aspidoderid nematodes from bolivian armadillos, with the description of a new species of lauroia (heterakoidea: aspidoderidae). | one nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) and 1 yellow armadillo (euphractus sexcinctus) were necropsied in the field during an expedition to collect parasites of mammals in bolivia. a total of 205 aspidodera binansata railliet and henry, 1913 (heterakoidea: aspidoderidae), and 40 specimens of lauroia bolivari n. sp. (heterakoidea: aspidoderidae) were recovered from the cecum and large intestines of d. novemcinctus and e. sexcinctus. aspidodera esperanzae fujita et al., 1995, is proposed ... | 2003 | 14627147 |
| individual variation in metabolic traits of wild nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus), and the aerobic capacity model for the evolution of endothermy. | a fundamental assumption of the aerobic capacity model for the evolution of endothermy is that basal (bmr) and peak (pmr) metabolic rates are functionally linked at the intraspecific level. the purpose of this study was to use the nine-banded armadillo dasypus novemcinctus as a model to test this assumption. measurements of bmr, pmr, mass and rectal temperature were obtained over two summers from wild, adult individuals from a population in louisiana, usa. bmr and pmr were positively correlated ... | 2002 | 12235198 |
| disseminated infection in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) resulting from inoculation with m. leprae. observations made on 15 animals studied at autopsy. | | 2006 | 945242 |
| functional localization and cortical architecture in the nine-banded armadilli (dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus). | a functional map of the armadillo neocortex was produced by cortical stimulation and recording evoked potentials following somatic, auditory and visual stimuli. the results obtained were then correlated with the cortical architecture as revealed by nissl, golgi and myelin-stained sections. cortex rostral to the supraorbital sulcus has a wide layer iv and is mostly silent, except for a motor eye field and a part of the tongue sensory region in its caudal part. two types of motor-sensory cortex ar ... | 1975 | 1206132 |
| physiological variability in neonatal armadillo quadruplets: within- and between-litter differences. | the role of genetics on neonatal physiological variability was examined in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). since armadillos give birth to only monozygous quadruplets, the genetic variation within litters is essentially zero. quadruplets born in captivity were isolated and weighed within 8 h of birth. oxygen consumption (v.(o2)) was measured in resting neonates by flow-through respirometry, heart rate obtained from an electrocardiogram and ventilation was measured by impedance t ... | 2000 | 10804163 |
| immobilization of free-ranging nine-banded and great long-nosed armadillos with three anesthetic combinations. | nine-banded (n = 47) and great (n = 31) long-nosed armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus and dasypus kappleri) were immobilized for clinical examination and collection of biological samples as part of a wildlife rescue during the filling of a hydroelectric dam (petit saut, french guiana) from may 1994 to april 1995. three intramuscular (i.m.) anesthetic combinations were evaluated: (1) tiletamine/zolazepam (t/z) at a dose of 8.5 mg/kg in 12 nine-banded long-nosed armadillos (nba) and 10 great long-no ... | 2000 | 10682754 |
| [histochemistry of mucin in colon goblet cells of dasypus novemcinctus (author's transl)]. | | 2006 | 4535221 |
| electrographic correlates of sleep behavior in a primitive mammal, the armadillo dasypus novemcinctus. | | 1973 | 4350729 |
| some fine structural features of epididymal cells in an edentate, dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus. | | 1973 | 4700792 |
| strontium-90 in the exoskeletal ossicles of dasypus novemcinctus. | | 1972 | 4654247 |
| an environmental caging system and maintenance program for the nine-banded armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus. | | 1972 | 4343334 |
| hematologic parameters of the nine-banded armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus. | | 1972 | 4404579 |
| amino acid levels and l-asparaginase and histaminase activities in plasma of the armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus. | | 1972 | 4336995 |
| comparative studies of the respiratory functions of mammalian blood. vii. armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | | 1971 | 5133712 |
| the motor cortex and corticospinal tract of the armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | | 1971 | 5112214 |