| pulmonary oxygen transport during activity in lizards. | oxygen consumption (mo2), effective alveolar ventilation (veff), arterial and alveolar po2 (pao2, pao2) and the alveolar-arterial po2 difference [(a--a)po2] were determined in the lizards varanus exanthematicus and iguana iguana at rest and during treadmill exercise at 35 degrees c. in both species, veff increased more rapidly than mo2 giving rise to an increased pao2. in contrast, pao2 remained unchanged through the highest levels of mo2 attained. as a result, the (a--a)po2 increased with incre ... | 1981 | 7280383 |
| ventilation and acid-base balance during graded activity in lizards. | arterial pco2, hydrogen ion ([h+]a), and lactate ([l]a) concentrations, rates of metabolic co2 production (vco2) and o2 consumption (vo2), and effective alveolar ventilation (veff) were determined in the lizards varanus exanthematicus and iguana iguana at rest and during steady-state treadmill exercise at 35 degrees c. in varanus, vco2 increased ninefold and vo2 sixfold without detectable rise in [l]a at running speeds below 1.0 to 1.5 km x h-1. in this range, veff increased 12-fold resulting in ... | 1981 | 6779642 |
| behavior and electrical brain stimulation in the green iguana, iguana iguana l. ii. stimulation effects. | behavioral responses were electrically elicited in the brains of 21 green iguanas. at 518 stimulation sites, a limited number of behaviors could be reliably elicited. except for some motor responses which had a forced appearance, they corresponded to the basic activity of green iguanas, exploratory behavior, display, defensive and escape-related behavior. head-nodding displays were reliably elicited post stimulation when imminent escape was prevented experimentally but rarely during stimulation. ... | 1978 | 648603 |
| social behavior in hatchling green iguanas: life at a reptile rookery. | hatchling green iguanas (iguana iguana) emerge from the ground in small groups in a communal nesting area on a small panamanian islet and engage in complex social interactions. iguanas from different clutches often join together before and during departure from the nest site. they also usually move around the islet and migrate from it to the larger adjacent landmass in social groups. these and other observations indicate that the sophistication of saurian social organization and neonate behavior ... | 1977 | 17816420 |
| circulating androgen and estrogen concentrations in lizards (iguana iguana). | | 1976 | 992358 |
| nutritional osteodystrophy in captive green iguanas (iguana iguana). | captive lizards fed a variety of vegetarian and carnivorous diets frequently develop severe nutritional osteodystrophy. five hatchling iguanas which were captive for 5 months and fed a diet low in calcium and phosphorus developed clinical signs and lesions typical of nutritional osteodystrophy in captive lizards. they had tetany with severe osteoporosis, pathologic fractures, and cartilaginous diaphyseal enlargements of long bones which either were associated with fractures or with intact bones. ... | 1976 | 823702 |
| oral food processing in two herbivorous lizards, iguana iguana (iguanidae) and uromastix aegyptius (agamidae). | the anatomy and function of the feeding apparatus in iguana iguana and uromastix aegyptius were studied by dissection, cinematic and cineradiographic techniques. the feeding behavior of these species differs from that of insectivorous lizards in the cropping action involves movement of both the upper jaw around the atlantooccipital joint and the lower jaw around the mandibular joint; and in uromastix only, streptostylic movement of the quadrate. often movements of the whole head play a supplemen ... | 1976 | 1255734 |
| behavior and electrical brain stimulation in the green iguana, iguana iguana l. i. schematic brain atlas and stimulation device. | | 1976 | 797429 |
| the connections and laminar organization ofthe optic tectum in a reptile (lguana iguana). | the goals of this study were: (1) to describe the total pattern of projections from the optic tectum of iguana iguana and pseudemys scripta; and (2) to describe the contributions of particular lamina of the iguana's optic tectum to this total pattern. lesions were made in the optic tectum of the iguana which damaged either all or only certain tectal laminae and, for comparison with the iguana, lesions in the turtle's optic tectum were made which involved all laminae. the anterograde degeneration ... | 1975 | 1176645 |
| surgical repair of a herniated lung in a common iguana. | | 1973 | 4742094 |
| architectonic studies of the diencephalon of iguana iguana (linnaeus). | | 1973 | 4715300 |
| the effect of temperature on ventilation in the green iguana (iguana iguana). | | 1973 | 4145707 |
| electron microscopy observations on a new herpes-type virus isolated from iguana iguana and propagated in reptilian cells in vitro. | ultrastructural observations on a new viral isolate, designated iguana virus, indicate that it is consistently present in intranuclear inclusions, possesses a +/- 115-nm nucleocapsid, ranges from 165 to 300 nm in diameter in the enveloped form, and exhibits cubic symmetry (probably 162 capsomeres). it is concluded that it is a herpes-type virus, the morphological evidence being in agreement with and supporting the biological and physical characteristics presented by clark and karzon. several fin ... | 1972 | 4344304 |
| [pupillary light reflexes in the green iguana (iguana iguana)]. | | 1972 | 4679370 |
| ascending tectal efferent projections in the lizard iguana iguana. | | 1971 | 5135558 |
| the "paranuclear corpuscles" in poikilothermic vertebrates: description of a new species of pirhemocyton in iguana iguana of venezuela, with remarks on the nature of these organisms and their relation to allied parasites. | | 1971 | 5561065 |
| [light and electron microscopic studies of the islets of langerhans in the green iguana (iguana iguana)]. | | 1970 | 4922315 |
| arteriosclerosis in an iguana (iguana iguana). | | 1970 | 5465565 |
| electroanesthesia of green iguanas (iguana iguana). | | 1969 | 5388159 |
| disturbance of bone formation in the common iguana (iguana iguana l): pathology and etiology. | | 1969 | 5407697 |
| conversion of 7-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one to 5-alpha-cholestane-3-alpha, 7-alpha,12-alpha-triol by iguana liver microsomes. | the role of 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one as an intermediate in the formation of 5alpha-bile acids from cholesterol was investigated with liver preparations of iguana iguana in vitro. the microsomal fraction of iguana liver catalyzed the transformation of 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one to 5alpha-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol in good yield. 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-cholestan-3-one served as an intermediate. under the conditions employed, formation of the c ... | 1968 | 5640503 |
| arthitectonic studies of the telencephalon of iguana iguana. | | 1967 | 6035667 |
| oxygen transport by the circulatory system of the green iguana (iguana iguana) at different body temperatures. | | 1966 | 5922740 |
| tooth replacement and growth in the young green iguana, iguana iguana. | a study using eight rapidly growing young green iguanas (iguana iguana; initial mean weight 68.0 ± 3.8 gm) examined the changes in the wave replacement of teeth, the increased size of the teeth, and the posterior migration of tooth positions over a period of 16 weeks. the teeth increase in width as the lizards grow. the tooth positions shifted posteriorly, providing adequate space for the larger replacement teeth. these observations suggest that the wave replacement of teeth allows for growth of ... | 1985 | 30011973 |
| zoonotic and public health implications of campylobacter species and squamates (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians). | campylobacter spp. is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of veterinary and public health significance. globally, the incidence of campylobacteriosis has increased over the last decade in both developing and developed countries. squamates (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians) are a potential reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. this systematic review examined studies from the last 20 years that have reported squamate-associated human campylobacteriosis. ... | 2020 | 32998205 |
| the autonomic control of upright posture tachycardia in the arboreal lizard iguana iguana. | in terrestrial environments, upright spatial orientation can dramatically influence animals' hemodynamics. generally, large and elongated species are particularly sensitive to such influence due to the greater extent of their vascular beds being verticalized, favoring the establishment of blood columns in their bodies along with caudal blood pooling, and thus jeopardizing blood circulation through a cascade effect of reductions in venous return, cardiac filling, stroke volume, cardiac output, an ... | 2018 | 29992754 |
| vertebrates as a bactericidal agent. | in brazil, although a large number of animals are used in traditional medicine (at least 354 species), information about their biological activities is scarce. in this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal potential of zootherapeutic by-products from animals used in brazilian traditional medicine and discuss the ecological and cultural consequences of such practices. the species analyzed were: tupinambis merianae (skin), iguana iguana (skin and body fat), crotalus ... | 2018 | 29922961 |
| venomics of the duvernoy's gland secretion of the false coral snake rhinobothryum bovallii (andersson, 1916) and assessment of venom lethality towards synapsid and diapsid animal models. | the duvernoy's gland secretory proteome of the false coral snake rhinobothryum bovallii (costa rica), unveiled applying bottom-up venomics, comprises a handful of toxins belonging to only three protein families, three-finger toxin (3ftx), cysteine-rich secretory protein (crisp), and snake venom metalloprotease (piii-svmp). except for small differences in the relative abundance of the piii-svmps, which may be due to individual variability, no evidence of geographic variability or ontogenetic chan ... | 2020 | 32598980 |
| bite force and cranial bone strain in four species of lizards. | in vivo bone strain data provide direct evidence of strain patterns in the cranium during biting. compared with those in mammals, in vivo bone strains in lizard skulls are poorly documented. this paper presents strain data from the skulls of anolis equestris, gekko gecko, iguana iguana and salvator merianae during transducer biting. analysis of variance was used to investigate effects of bite force, bite point, diet, cranial morphology and cranial kinesis on strain magnitude. within individuals, ... | 2018 | 30352826 |
| the electrocardiogram of vertebrates: evolutionary changes from ectothermy to endothermy. | the electrocardiogram (ecg) reveals that heart chamber activation and repolarization are much faster in mammals and birds compared to ectothermic vertebrates of similar size. temperature, however, affects electrophysiology of the heart and most data from ectotherms are determined at body temperatures lower than those of mammals and birds. the present manuscript is a review of the effects of temperature on intervals in the ecg of ectothermic and endothermic vertebrates rather than a hypothesis-te ... | 2019 | 30243548 |
| structural aspects and physiological implications of the hemoglobin of green iguana (iguana iguana). | | 2018 | 30171953 |
| the axial anatomy of monitor lizards (varanidae). | because the musculoskeletal anatomy of the trunk is the framework for the behaviors of locomotion, ventilation, and body support in lepidosaurs, comparative study of trunk anatomy in this group is critical for unraveling the selective pressures leading to extant diversity in axial form and function among vertebrates. this work uses gross dissection and computed tomography to describe the muscular and skeletal anatomy of the trunk of varanid lizards (varanidae, anguimorpha). gross muscle dissecti ... | 2018 | 30079494 |
| correction: gross and histologic evaluation of effects of photobiomodulation, silver sulfadiazine, and a topical antimicrobial product on experimentally induced full-thickness skin wounds in green iguanas (iguana iguana). | | 2018 | 29688791 |
| gross and histologic evaluation of effects of photobiomodulation, silver sulfadiazine, and a topical antimicrobial product on experimentally induced full-thickness skin wounds in green iguanas (iguana iguana). | objective to assess effects of photobiomodulation, silver sulfadiazine, and a topical antimicrobial product for the treatment of experimentally induced full-thickness skin wounds in green iguanas (iguana iguana). animals 16 healthy subadult green iguanas. procedures iguanas were anesthetized, and three 5-mm cutaneous biopsy specimens were obtained from each iguana (day 0). iguanas were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups, each of which had a control treatment. wounds in the topical treatment ... | 2018 | 29583044 |
| treatment of cryptosporidiosis in captive green iguanas (iguana iguana). | there are no standard guidelines for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in reptiles. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two cryptosporidiosis therapies in captive green iguanas. eight green iguanas aged 2-6 years, including 6 (1 ♂ and 5 ♀) animals with chronic diarrhea, received treatment for cryptosporidiosis. the presence of cryptosporidium sp. oocysts was determined in 8 iguanas (100%), isospora sp. oocysts were detected in 3 animals (37.5%), and oxyuridae eggs were observe ... | 2018 | 29559143 |
| pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile suspension in green iguanas ( iguana iguana) after single intramuscular administration. | the objective of this study was to establish the pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (ccfa) for a single intramuscular injection in green iguanas ( iguana iguana). six green iguanas received an injection of 5 mg/kg ccfa into the triceps muscle. using high-performance liquid chromatography, concentrations of ceftiofur free acid equivalents in plasma samples collected at predetermined time points were evaluated up to 21 days following drug administration. noncompartmental ... | 2018 | 29517463 |
| the lesser antillean iguana (iguana delicatissima) on st. eustatius: genetically depauperate and threatened by ongoing hybridization. | the lesser antillean iguana (iguana delicatissima) is an endangered species threatened by habitat loss and hybridization with non-native green iguanas (iguana iguana). iguana delicatissima has been extirpated on several islands, and the green iguana has invaded most islands with extant populations. information is essential to protect this species from extinction. we collected data on 293 iguanas including 17 juveniles from st. eustasius, one of the few remaining i. delicatissima strongholds. gen ... | 2018 | 29471487 |
| renal vasculature and uriniferous tubules in the common iguana. | the pattern of vascular supply and the histology of uriniferous tubules of the kidney in the common iguana were studied by light microscopy of semithin sections and by scanning electron microscopy of microcorrosion casts. the corrosion casts showed a strongly developed renal portal system that forms an extensive capillary network throughout the kidney. glomeruli are numerous and have a capillary pattern consisting of three to six loose coils of capillaries intercalated between afferent and effer ... | 1996 | 29852652 |
| the effects of premature tooth extraction and damage on replacement timing in the green iguana. | reptiles with continuous tooth replacement, or polyphyodonty, replace their teeth in predictable, well-timed waves in alternating tooth positions around the mouth. this process is thought to occur irrespective of tooth wear or breakage. in this study, we aimed to determine if damage to teeth and premature tooth extraction affects tooth replacement timing long-term in juvenile green iguanas (iguana iguana). first, we examined normal tooth development histologically using a brdu pulse-chase analys ... | 2020 | 32974642 |
| nasal melanophoroma in a captive green iguana (iguana iguana). | green iguanas are arboreal lizards, common as pet animals and in captivity. knowledge of neoplasms in iguanas is scarce, and a challenge to their prevention, treatment, and prognosis. a captive green iguana showed a pigmented nasal exophytic neoplasm. tumor cells were spindle-shaped to epithelioid with a variable amount of dark-brown or black granular melanin within the cytoplasm, and also presented cytoplasmic positivity for melan-a and s100. transmission electron microscopy evidenced intracyto ... | 2020 | 32823162 |
| painted black: iguana melanoderma (reptilia, squamata, iguanidae) a new melanistic endemic species from saba and montserrat islands (lesser antilles). | the lesser antilles, in the eastern caribbean, is inhabited by three iguana species: the lesser antillean iguanaiguana delicatissima, which is endemic to the northernmost islands of the lesser antilles, the introduced common iguana from south america, iguana iguana iguana, represented also by the two newly described endemic subspecies iguana iguana sanctaluciae from saint lucia and iguana iguana insularis from saint vincent and the grenadines, and grenada, and the introduced iguana rhinolopha fr ... | 2020 | 32336922 |
| effects of brodifacoum and diphacinone exposure on four species of reptiles: tissue residue levels and survivorship. | anticoagulant rodenticides are used worldwide to control pest rodent species. however, the risks posed to non-target reptiles have not been well characterized. in this study, 46 giant ameivas (ameiva ameiva), 39 boa constrictors (boa constrictor), 33 wood turtles (rhinoclemmys pulcherrima), and 47 green iguanas (iguana iguana) were orally dosed with one of two levels of either diphacinone or brodifacoum anticoagulant in propylene glycol solutions. dosages were derived using daily food intake (df ... | 2020 | 31858711 |
| validation of an enzyme immunoassay for the quantification of testosterone in green iguana males (iguana iguana). | the endocrinological study by immunological methods allows elucidating mechanisms of response to environmental challenges and reproductive regulatory mechanisms in animals. however, it is often overlooked that immunological assays for the detection and quantification of steroid hormones require prior validation tests. in this study, the efficacy of a commercial enzyme immunoassays (eia) was evaluated for the quantification of plasma testosterone (t) in males from a population of green iguanas (i ... | 2020 | 31809722 |
| first report of co-invasion by the reptile nematode ozolaimus megatyphlon (nematoda: pharyngodonidae) with invasive green iguanas (iguana iguana) in the asia-pacific. | co-invasion of naïve ecosystems by non-native parasites is a serious threat to global biodiversity, though such events are difficult to detect early in the invasion process. green iguanas (iguana iguana) are an emerging invasive species and have colonised several countries in the asia-pacific. a survey was undertaken to determine whether parasites of the green iguana had co-invaded naïve ecosystems with their introduced host. | 2020 | 31748867 |
| a story of nasal horns: two new subspecies of iguana laurenti, 1768 (squamata, iguanidae) in saint lucia, st vincent amp; the grenadines, and grenada (southern lesser antilles). | the lesser antilles, in the eastern caribbean, were long considered to have only two species in the genus iguana laurenti 1768: the lesser antillean iguana iguana delicatissima, which is endemic to parts of the lesser antilles, and the common green iguana iguana iguana, which also occurs throughout central and south america. no subspecies are currently recognised. however, herpetologists and reptile collectors have pointed out strong physical differences between some of the island populations of ... | 2019 | 31717144 |
| use of rodent sedation tests to evaluate midazolam and flumazenil in green iguanas (iguana iguana). | this study aimed to evaluate the applicability of rodent behavioral tests to assess the effects of midazolam and flumazenil in green iguanas. four tests commonly used to assess sedation in rodents-the open field test, forced swim test, behavioral scale, and traction test-were conducted in 10 juveniles iguanas. the animals received midazolam (2 mg/kg im) or 0.9% nacl (0.4 ml/kg im), and the tests were conducted between 0 and 300 min thereafter. to verify the effects of midazolam and flumazenil, t ... | 2019 | 31645234 |
| a description of the male of geckobiella donnae paredes-león, klompen et pérez, 2012 (acari: pterygosomatidae) from captive iguanas in honduras. | mites of the family pterygosomatidae are usually infesting lizards, geckos and iguanas. in this family, the genus geckobiella hirst, 1917 comprises 12 species including geckobiella donnae paredes-león, klompen et pérez, 2012. we collected 48 mites of g.donnae from 10 captive iguanas ctenosaura bakeri stejneger (reptilia: iguanidae) out of 23 examined individuals (prevalence 43% ) in iguana research and breeding station on isla de utila, islas de la bahía, honduras on 1 september 2014. males of g ... | 2019 | 30919825 |
| isolation of burkholderia pseudomallei from a pet green iguana, belgium. | we isolated burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, from liver granulomas of a pet green iguana (iguana iguana) in belgium. this case highlights a risk for imported green iguanas acting as a reservoir for introduction of this high-threat, zoonotic pathogen into nonendemic regions. | 2018 | 30457548 |