| a method to generate antigen-specific suppressor t cells in vitro from peripheral blood t cells of honey bee venom-sensitive, allergic patients. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients allergic to honey bee venom were stimulated with denatured bee venom phospholipase a2, and the antigen-activated t cells were propagated for 4 days by human il-2 in the presence or absence of recombinant human lipocortin i. upon antigenic stimulation with the denatured phospholipase a2 and autologous monocytes or by cross-linking of cd3 by anti-cd3 antibody, the activated t cells, which had propagated by il-2 alone, formed n-glycosylated ige-binding ... | 1990 | 2138201 |
| rhodopsin reconstitution in bleached rod outer segment membranes in the presence of a retinal-binding protein from the honeybee. | the physiological role of a retinal-binding protein from honeybee is investigated. this protein, upon previous loading with all-trans retinal and subsequent irradiation with monochromatic light of wavelength 490 nm, is able to promote the reconstitution of rhodopsin when added to a suspension of opsin membranes from bleached bovine rod outer segments. in this respect this retinal-binding protein could have a role very similar to that postulated for the well-known cephalopod retinochrome, that se ... | 1990 | 2143484 |
| [125i]azidosalicylyl melittin binding domains: evidence for a polypeptide receptor on the gastric (h+ + k+)atpase. | we have previously shown that melittin, a bee venom peptide, potently inhibited the catalytic and transport functions of rabbit gastric (h+ + k+)atpase. a radioactive photoaffinity analog of melittin, ([125i]azidosalicylyl melittin), labeled the (h+ + k+)atpase. these results suggested that melittin exerted inhibitory effects through direct interaction with the (h+ + k+)atpase. in this study we attempt to define the melittin-binding domain of the (h+ + k+)atpase using conformation-dependent prot ... | 1990 | 2158280 |
| phospholipids chiral at phosphorus. stereochemical mechanism of reactions catalyzed by phosphatidylinositide-specific phospholipase c from bacillus cereus and guinea pig uterus. | (rp)- and (sp)-1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphoinositol (dppsi) were synthesized as a mixture and their configurations assigned on the basis of the stereospecific hydrolysis catalyzed by phospholipase a2 (pla2) from bee venom. pla2 is known to be stereospecific to the rp isomer of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine (dppsc) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphoethanolamine (dppse). since the configurations of (rp)- and (sp)-dppsi correspond to those of (sp)- and (rp)-d ... | 1990 | 2161255 |
| effect of staphylococcal delta-toxin and bee venom peptide melittin on leukotriene induction and metabolism of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. | the abilities of delta-toxin from staphylococcus aureus and melittin to induce and modulate the generation of leukotriene from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (pmns) were studied. stimulation of pmns with melittin (10 micrograms) induced leukotriene formation, whereas stimulation with delta-toxin did not. preincubation of the pmns with delta-toxin modulated the subsequent generation of leukotriene from pmns induced by ca ionophore a23187 or opsonized zymosan. the generation of leukotriene b ... | 1990 | 2164512 |
| long-term enhancement of synaptic transmission by synthetic mast cell degranulating peptide and its localization of binding sites in hippocampus. | a bee venom, mast-cell-degranulating (mcd) peptide, was synthesized by stepwise formation of the two disulfide bridges. this synthetic mcd peptide induced long-term potentiation (ltp) in the ca1 region of a hippocampus slice at concentrations ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-5) m. the potentiating effect of mcd was not lost by biotinylation of its n-terminus, and thus it became possible to investigate localization of its binding site at a cellular level in the hippocampus slice at a ltp-inducible conc ... | 1990 | 2170876 |
| bee sting-induced haemolysis, spherocytosis and neural dysfunction in three dogs. | three dogs showed signs of intravascular haemolysis, spherocytosis and peripheral neuropathy following severe bee envenomation. these effects were ascribed to the constituents of bee venom, especially melittin and phospholipase a. all 3 cases recovered and were discharged subsequent to prednisolone and supportive therapy. | 1990 | 2176693 |
| modulation of dl-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (ampa)/quisqualate receptors by phospholipase a2 treatment. | the expression of long-term potentiation (ltp) in area ca1 of hippocampus has been proposed to result from an increased sensitivity of the ampa/quisqualate receptors. we have investigated the binding properties of excitatory amino acid receptors in phospholipase a2 (pla2)-treated rat brain membranes. pla2 from bee venom produced a significant increase in the binding of [3h]-ampa ([3h]-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4- propionate), a ligand for the ampa/quisqualate receptor. analysis of the sa ... | 1990 | 2177177 |
| interaction of melittin with the (na+ + k+)atpase: evidence for a melittin-induced conformational change. | the (na+ + k+)atpase is inhibited by the bee venom polypeptide, melittin. kcl and nacl protect the enzyme from melittin inhibition. analysis of the k+ and na+ protection against melittin inhibition suggested a kinetic model which was consistent with slowly reversible melittin binding, and mutually exclusive binding of melittin with k+ and na+. accordingly, in the absence of salt, the ki for melittin inhibition = 1.2 microm, and the protection by kcl occurs with a ka,kcl = 0.6 mm. the protection ... | 1990 | 2177321 |
| antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue). | propolis (bee glue) was found to have antibacterial activity against a range of commonly encountered cocci and gram-positive rods, including the human tubercle bacillus, but only limited activity against gram-negative bacilli. these findings confirm previous reports of antimicrobial properties of this material, possibly attributable to its high flavonoid content. | 1990 | 2182860 |
| quantity, analysis, and lethality of european and africanized honey bee venoms. | venom from africanized honey bees (derived mainly from apis mellifera scutellata) was compared with venom from domestic, european bees by study of lethality, immunological cross-reactivity, venom yield, isoelectric focusing (ief) patterns, and melittin titers. the ld50s of european and africanized bee venom by iv injection in mice were similar. in venom neutralization experiments, africanized bee venom was mixed with antibodies from a beekeeper exposed only to european bees and used to challenge ... | 1990 | 2200291 |
| interaction of wasp venom mastoparan with biomembranes. | mastoparan-induced changes in the k+ permeability of rat peritoneal mast cells, human erythrocytes, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli were examined. mastoparan did not efficiently increase the k+ permeability of cells except for s. aureus. the release of membrane phospholipids was also observed from s. aureus cells in the concentration range of the permeability enhancement. mastoparan stimulated histamine release from mast cells, independently of a small efflux of k+. mastoparan became ... | 1990 | 2204429 |
| characterization of a promoter and a transcription terminator of spiroplasma melliferum virus spv4. | spiroplasma virus 4 (spv4) is an isometric virus with single-stranded, circular dna infecting the helical mollicute spiroplasma melliferum, a honeybee pathogen. previous studies in our laboratory led to the determination of the base sequence of the spv4 dna. nine open reading frames and three promoterlike sequences (p1, p2, and p3) were identified. an inverted repeat leading to the formation of a hairpin structure on the transcription product was also found and predicted to be a transcription te ... | 1990 | 2211498 |
| [experimental studies of in vitro cultivation of the cells of kärtner honeybees (apis mellifera carnica pollmann, 1879)]. | a synopsis about published methods and results on experiments to cultivate bee cells in vitro is given. experimental investigations were performed with haemocytes of larvae of the l-5 stage using many different media and methods for the preparation of primary tissue culture. monolayers could be prepared and a high rate of reproduction has been achieved, although subpassages could not be obtained. haemocytes could be kept alive up to 27 days by using bml-tc/7a medium according to gardiner and sto ... | 1990 | 2220184 |
| acyl carrier protein interacts with melittin. | acyl carrier protein (acp) from escherichia coli has been shown to form complexes with melittin, a cationic peptide from bee venom. acp is a small (mr 8847), acidic, ca2(+)-binding protein, which possesses some characteristics resembling those of regulatory ca2(+)-binding proteins including interaction with melittin. complexing between melittin and acp which occurred both in the presence and absence of ca2+ was evident by chemical cross-linking the two peptides, fluorescence changes (including a ... | 1990 | 2223852 |
| tryptase, a mediator of human mast cells. | tryptase, a mediator secreted by human mast cells during immediate reactions, has demonstrated effects on several pathways in vitro. this enzyme can rapidly inactivate fibrinogen and, as a complex with heparin, may prevent coagulation that may otherwise occur when plasma enters tissues at sites of immediate reactions. tryptase may also activate prostromelysin, which in turn activates latent collagenase. when canine pulmonary smooth muscle is incubated with canine tryptase, the contractile respon ... | 1990 | 2229822 |
| effect of melittin on renin and prostaglandin e2 release from rat renal cortical slices. | 1. the present experiments were designed to determine the effect of melittin on renin secretion. melittin is a polypeptide component of bee venom which stimulates phospholipase a2 activity, thereby increasing arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin (pg) synthesis, and which inhibits protein kinase c activity. either of these actions might be expected to stimulate renin secretion, since renin secretion is stimulated by arachidonic acid and by several pgs, and since renin secretion is inhibited ... | 1990 | 2231411 |
| antioxidant activity of and interleukin production affected by honey bee venom. | honey bee venom is found to inhibit significantly nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation. it also possesses a considerable hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, evaluated by its competition with dimethyl sulfoxide for ho.. these results, in relation to the in vitro suppression mainly of interleukin-1 production offered by honey bee venom, may further support that antioxidant activity is involved in the anti-inflammatory activity of honey bee venom. | 1990 | 2242083 |
| modulation of the immune response to allergens: phospholipase a degradation products suppress igg and ige response in mice. | degradation products of phospholipase a2 (pla2), the major allergen of honeybee venom, were prepared by peptic digestion of the enzyme and fractionated by molecular exclusion chromatography. the largest of the isolated products, p-1, was found to be a centrally nicked pla2 molecule with a loss of several amino acids. it was examined for its antigenic, immunogenic and immunosuppressive properties. this peptic product was unable to block antigen-antibody reactions between pla2 and anti-pla2 antibo ... | 1990 | 2246080 |
| allergy to stinging and biting insects in queensland. | over an eight and a half year period 742 patients were assessed for allergy to stinging and biting insects in queensland; 452 (61%) had allergic reactions to honey bees, 244 (33%) to wasps, 30 (4%) to various ants, 11 (1.5%) to march flies (tabanus sp.) and five to tick infestation. one hundred and fifty one patients (20%) presented with large local swelling only (rxn1), 98 (13%) with urticaria and/or facial angioedema distant from the sting site (rxn2) and 492 (66%) with subjective or objective ... | 1990 | 2246984 |
| inhalation injury to tracheal epithelium in an ovine model of cotton smoke exposure. early phase (30 minutes). | the purpose of this study was to evaluate lung cell injury during the acute phase of smoke inhalation injury. a group of 10 sheep were anesthetized with halothane and pancuronium followed by endotracheal intubation. in the first experiment 5 sheep were given air (sham group) and 5 were insufflated with cooled cotton smoke with a modified bee smoker. in the second part of our study (experiment 2) the animals were insufflated with the following number of smoke breaths: 1 x 12 (n = 3); 2 x 12 (n = ... | 1990 | 2252264 |
| heat-induced alterations in monkey erythrocyte membrane phospholipid organization and skeletal protein structure and interactions. | rhesus monkey erythrocytes were subjected to heating at 50 degrees c for 5-15 min, and the heat-induced effects on the membrane structure were ascertained by analysing the membrane phospholipid organization and membrane skeleton dynamics and interactions in the heated cells. membrane skeleton dynamics and interactions were determined by measuring the tris-induced dissociation of the triton-insoluble membrane skeleton (triton shells), the spectrin-actin extractability at low ionic strength, spect ... | 1990 | 2261489 |
| [injury of the cornea by a bee sting complicated by pseudomonas aeruginosa and herpesvirus infections]. | | 1990 | 2264238 |
| isolation of a phospholipase-a2-like protein from human fetal intestine. lysis of erythroid cells from bovine liver by this protein and porcine phospholipase a2. | extracts of human fetal intestine contain factors that can stimulate or inhibit thymidine incorporation into fetal bovine erythroid cells. an inhibitory factor was purified to homogeneity by gel-permeation and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. the inhibitory action was due to cell lysis. the first 25 amino acids of the n-terminal segment were identical to the human lung and pancreatic phospholipase a2. the isolated protein released arachidonic acid from 2-arachidonyl phospha ... | 1990 | 2268412 |
| selective inhibition of cecropin-like activity of insect immune blood by protease from american foulbrood scales. | bioassays of american foulbrood larval scale filtrates have shown the presence of an immune inhibitor with a specific activity of proteases that selectively destroy cecropin-like activity in insect immune hemolymphs. it was an unexpected phenomenon to find that bacillus larvae protease(s), even at trace concentrations, totally inhibits bactericidal activity of immune blood against escherichia coli d 31. thermal inactivation of a proteolytic enzyme coincides strictly with a disappearance of the a ... | 1990 | 2273283 |
| [effects of bee pollen on lipid peroxides and immune response in aging and malnourished mice]. | the results showed that the level of hemolysin (hc), the numbers of plaque forming cells (pfc) and specific rosette forming cells (srfc) in primary response to sheep red blood cells (srbc) were markedly lowered and the lipoperoxide level in brain, liver and serum was increased in aging (over 18 months) and malnourished mice fed with ground corn in comparison to normal controls, while hc and the numbers of pfc and srfc were significantly increased and the lipoperoxide level was markedly decreased ... | 1990 | 2275784 |
| identification and partial purification of embryonic mouse genital protein(s) stimulating phospholipase-a2 and inducing masculinization in vitro. | the present study was designed to test whether phospholipase-a2 stimulatory protein (plsp) has any role during androgen-induced masculine differentiation. thus, an investigation was made to identify such a protein in the fetal genital tract and to test whether this protein can produce masculinization in vitro. fetal tracts (15/batch) containing genital ducts and urogenital sinus from male, female, and testosterone-exposed (40 mg/kg.day, from days 13-17 of gestation) female embryonic mice on day ... | 1990 | 2293992 |
| impact of carbon monoxide on cardiopulmonary dysfunction after smoke inhalation injury. | with the inhalation of smoke, there are both cardiopulmonary changes and elevated levels of carbon monoxide (co). we hypothesize that these changes in cardiopulmonary function are the result of a histotoxic hypoxia associated with co poisoning. this hypothesis was tested in chronically instrumented sheep (n = 19). piezoelectric crystals were attached to the left ventricle for the measurement of its external minor and major diameters in addition to wall thickness. a pressure transducer was placed ... | 1990 | 2295145 |
| isolation and characterization of abaecin, a major antibacterial response peptide in the honeybee (apis mellifera). | honeybee (apis mellifera) are frequently exposed to and likely to be infected by plant-associated bacteria. we mimicked this process by injecting bees with live bacteria and isolated five induced antibacterial substances by comparative liquid chromatographic mapping of the hemolymph. three of these antibiotics belong to a unique family of small (18 amino acids) peptides: the apidaecins [casteels et al. (1989) embo j. 8, 2387-2391]. we have now characterized a fourth bee immune response peptide. ... | 1990 | 2298215 |
| honey bee mortality due to tracheal mite parasitism. | we demonstrate, by truncating the expected negative binomial distribution, that the tracheal mite parasite, acarapis woodi, causes mortality in the european honey bee, apis mellifera, but, that this mortality can be documented only during periods of low mite densities (mites per bee). at high mite densities, this technique no longer reveals mite-induced mortality. we suggest that this paradox results from a reduction in the mortality threshold at high mite densities, concealing mortality from ou ... | 1990 | 2314929 |
| membrane skeleton-bilayer interaction is not the major determinant of membrane phospholipid asymmetry in human erythrocytes. | transbilayer phospholipid distribution, membrane skeleton dissociation/association, and spectrin structure have been analysed in human erythrocytes after subjecting them to heating at 50 degrees c for 15 min. the membrane skeleton dissociation/association was determined by measuring the tris-induced dissociation of triton-insoluble membrane skeletons (triton shells), the spectrin-actin extractability under low ionic conditions, and the binding of spectrin-actin with normal erythrocyte membrane i ... | 1990 | 2317498 |
| anti-inflammatory activity of bee venom peptide 401 (mast cell degranulating peptide) and compound 48/80 results from mast cell degranulation in vivo. | 1. the relationship between the anti-inflammatory activity of the bee venom peptide 401 in the carrageenin-induced oedema of the rat hind paw and its mast cell degranulating activity has been reinvestigated. 2. mast cell degranulation caused by compound 48/80 (10 mg kg-1) or by allergen challenge in rats sensitized to nippostrongylus brasiliensis also suppressed rat hind paw oedema in the same test. 3. the anti-inflammatory activities of peptide 401 and compound 48/80 were partially suppressed b ... | 1990 | 2328399 |
| [development of infestation with varroa jacobsoni o. in bee colonies in tunisia]. | the mite varroa jacobsoni, an ectoparasite of the honey bee, was imported to tunisia probably in 1976. afterwards, this parasitosis caused severe losses of colonies for several years. the continued examination of the level of infestation in colonies of a "gtz" project stated a steady number of mites since 1980. only in a few colonies, the infestation was above the limit of damage. though the colonies in north west tunisia did not receive any treatment since 1986 there was no increase of infestat ... | 1990 | 2331244 |
| [changes in the immunological reactivity of patients with disseminated sclerosis treated by prednisolone and the preparation proper-myl]. | the authors examined 56 patients suffering of multiple sclerosis who were treated with prednisolone and proper-myl. the patients showed changes of the immunological reactivity, in particular, those receiving prednisolone in combination with proper-myl. to improve the immunological state of these patients the authors recommend to use bee stings, polyosol and bee pollen. | 1990 | 2339565 |
| effect of staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin on human granulocyte functions and platelet-activating-factor metabolism. | the production of delta-toxin is supposed to be responsible for various pathophysiological effects during infection with staphylococcus aureus. we compared the effects of delta-toxin with the structurally related bee venom toxin melittin on granulocyte functions and inflammatory mediator release. delta-toxin and melittin induced a rapid ca2+ influx, as was shown by fluorescence detection. furthermore, oxygen radical production, as determined by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence, was triggered b ... | 1990 | 2341170 |
| juvenile hormone titer in capped worker brood of apis mellifera and reproduction in the bee mite varroa jacobsoni. | juvenile hormone (jh) titers were recorded from fifth instar worker larvae of apis mellifera carnica, apis mellifera lamarckii, and africanized honeybees kept under temperate and tropical climatic conditions. no differences in hormone titer according to honeybee race or climatic conditions were determined. however, the rate of reproduction of the ectoparasitic mite, varroa jacobsoni, on larvae of the different honeybee races was highly variable. the possible role of honeybee jh in control of the ... | 1990 | 2354762 |
| a potent antibacterial protein in royal jelly. purification and determination of the primary structure of royalisin. | a new potent antibacterial protein, for which we propose the name royalisin, was found in royal jelly of the honeybee apis mellifera l. and purified to homogeneity for the first time by acid extraction, gel filtration, and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. the primary structure of royalisin was determined to consist of 51 residues, with three intramolecular disulfide linkages, having a calculated molecular mass of 5523 da. royalisin is an amphipathic protein, with the c-terminal ... | 1990 | 2358464 |
| mast cell degranulating peptide induces the expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene in hippocampus. | the intrahippocampal injection of the mast cell degranulating (mcd) peptide, a bee venom component acting on the k+ channel, results in the appearance of the proto-oncogene c-fos mrna in the ipsi- and contralateral hippocampus of the treated animals without generating convulsions. this mcd-induced transcriptional event is discussed in terms of cellular plasticity since mcd peptide is known to induce long-term potentiation. | 1990 | 2365001 |
| effects of cold shock and phospholipase a2 on intact boar spermatozoa and sperm head plasma membranes. | head plasma membranes (hpm) isolated from cryopreserved boar spermatozoa show an excessive fluidization, which might be involved in the loss of fertility. the current study assessed the ability of cold shock (5 degrees c) and phospholipase a2 (pa2) to duplicate these effects on membrane structure and to affect 45ca2+ uptake and gross morphological characteristics of whole, fresh boar-sperm. the hpm from cold-shocked sperm showed a significantly greater rate of fluidization over time than did hpm ... | 1990 | 2372397 |
| folding and activity of hybrid sequence, disulfide-stabilized peptides. | peptides have been synthesized that have hybrid sequences, partially derived from the bee venom peptide apamin and partially from the s peptide of ribonuclease a. the hybrid peptides were demonstrated by nmr spectroscopy to fold, forming the same disulfides and basic three-dimensional structure as native apamin, containing a beta-turn and an alpha-helix. these hybrids were active in complementing s protein, reactivating nuclease activity. in addition, the hybrid peptide was effective in inducing ... | 1990 | 2377603 |
| hexamethonium increases the excitability of sympathetic neurons by the blockade of the ca2+-activated k+ channels. | effects of hexamethonium (c6) on the excitability of sympathetic ganglion cells were examined by means of intracellular recording. when dc currents were injected, high concentrations of c6 significantly augmented the repetitive firing of the cells without any change in threshold voltage for initiation of the spike. the ca2+-sensitive component of the after-hyperpolarization following a spike was reduced by c6 in a dose-dependent fashion (0.3 to 10 mm). c6 slightly affected parameters for the spi ... | 1985 | 2409420 |
| existence of a ca2+-dependent k+ channel in synaptic membrane and postsynaptic density fractions isolated from canine cerebral cortex and cerebellum, as determined by apamin binding. | apamin, a 18-amino acid neurotoxin isolated from bee venom, is a specific blocker of one class of the ca2+-dependent k+ channels. the monoiodo derivative of the toxin with high specific radioactivity (1600 ci/mmol) has been used to study its binding to synaptic membrane (sm) and postsynaptic density (psd) fractions isolated from cerebral cortex (ctx) and cerebellum (cl) of canine brains. the bmax (30.2 fmol/mg protein) for ctx-psd is about twice that for ctx-sm (17.3 fmol/mg protein), suggesting ... | 1985 | 2416402 |
| soluble copolymer of wasp venom with human albumin for venom immunotherapy. | polymerization of allergens decreases allergenicity while retaining immunogenicity, as we have demonstrated for ragweed, grass, and tree pollens. we have also polymerized bee venom with human albumin to form soluble, high-molecular-weight copolymers that are immunogenic in rabbits. we now have prepared a soluble wasp venom-albumin polymer (wvap), molecular weight greater than or equal to 240,000 daltons, by glutaraldehyde treatment and sephacryl s-300 column fractionation. rabbits immunized with ... | 1986 | 2419385 |
| expression of apamin receptor in muscles of patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy. | myotonic muscular dystrophy, or steinert disease, is a dominantly inherited disease of muscle which occurs with a frequency of between 1 in 18,000 and 1 in 7,500 people (refs 1, 2). one of the prominent clinical manifestations is muscle stiffness and difficulty in relaxation of muscles after voluntary contractions. electrophysiological signs of myotonia include increased excitability with a tendency to fire trains of repetitive action potentials in response to direct electrical and mechanical st ... | 1986 | 2419758 |
| functional characterization of mast cells generated in vitro from the mesenteric lymph node of rats infected with nippostrongylus brasiliensis. | we have examined the biochemical and functional characteristics of mast cells grown in tissue culture from the mesenteric lymph node (mln) of rats infected with the nematode nippostrongylus brasiliensis and compared them with mast cells isolated from the small intestinal mucosa and peritoneal cavity of infected animals. cultured mast cells (mc) and isolated intestinal mucosal mast cells (mmc) had a similar histamine content, and both contained type ii protease (rmcp ii) which was absent from per ... | 1986 | 2420704 |
| amino acid sequence of bumblebee mcd peptide: a new mast cell degranulating peptide from the venom of the bumblebee megabombus pennsylvanicus. | a new 28 amino acid peptide, we recently isolated from the venom of the bumblebee megabombus pennsylvanicus. has been characterized. the peptide, met-cys-ile-cys-lys-asn-gly-lys-pro-leu-pro-gly-phe-ile-gly-lys-ile-cys- arg-lys-ile-cys-met-met-gln-gln-thr-his(nh2), has been named bumblebee mast cell degranulating (mcd) peptide due to its ability to degranulate rat peritoneal mast cells, and its resemblance to the bee venom mcd peptide. bumblebee mcd peptide, unlike bombolitins, the other mast cel ... | 1985 | 2421265 |
| the apamin-sensitive ca2+-dependent k+ channel molecular properties, differentiation and endogenous ligands in mammalian brain. | apamin is a bee venom neurotoxin of 10 amino acids containing two disulphide bridges. current-clamp and voltage-clamp experiments have shown that apamin externally applied blocks specifically at low concentration (0.1 microm) the ca2+-dependent slow k+ conductance which mediates the long-lasting after-hyperpolarization in neuroblastoma cells and rat muscle cells in culture. the apamin-sensitive ca2+-dependent slow k+ conductance is voltage-dependent and tetraethylamonium-insensitive. it is disti ... | 1985 | 2428371 |
| single apamin-blocked ca-activated k+ channels of small conductance in cultured rat skeletal muscle. | action potentials in many excitable cells are followed by a prolonged afterhyperpolarization that modulates repetitive firing. although it is established that the afterhyperpolarization is produced by ca-activated k+ currents, the basis of these currents is not known. the large conductance (250 ps) ca-activated k+ channel (bk channel) is not a major contributor to the afterhyperpolarization in non-innervated skeletal muscle and some nerve cells, because apamin, a neurotoxic component of bee veno ... | 1986 | 2430185 |
| two potent central convulsant peptides, a bee venom toxin, the mcd peptide, and a snake venom toxin, dendrotoxin i, known to block k+ channels, have interacting receptor sites. | both the bee venom toxin, mast cell degranulating peptide (mcd peptide) and the mamba toxin dendrotoxin i are potent central convulsants. the two specific receptor sites for these two types of polypeptide toxins are in allosteric interaction in brain membranes. occupation of the dendrotoxin i binding site (ki = 0.4 nm) prevents binding of the 125i-mcd peptide to its own receptor (ki = 0.23 nm). this inhibition is of the non-competitive type. autoradiography has shown that a high enough dendrotox ... | 1987 | 2435287 |
| detection and photoaffinity labeling of the ca2+-activated k+ channel-associated apamin receptor in cultured astrocytes from rat brain. | apamin, an 18-amino acid bee venom peptide, is a specific blocker of a class of ca2+ activated k+ channels. mono 125i-iodoapamin was used to detect the k+ channel-associated receptor site in cultured astrocytes from rat brain. specific high-affinity binding to intact glial cells with a kd of about 90 pm at 1 degree c and ph 7.5 was demonstrated by equilibrium and kinetic methods. the average receptor capacity was 3 fmol/mg cell protein which is 2 to 3-fold lower than in primary cultured neurons. ... | 1987 | 2440516 |
| the actions of presynaptic snake toxins on membrane currents of mouse motor nerve terminals. | 1. the m. triangularis sterni of the mouse was used to investigate the actions of dendrotoxin, beta-bungarotoxin, crotoxin, taipoxin, bee venom phospholipase a2, aprotinin and apamin on presynaptic currents which flow inside the perineural sheath of nerve bundles upon nerve stimulation. 2. neither the fast k+ current (ik,f) nor the ca2+-dependent k+ current ik(ca) (unmasked after blockade of ik,f by 3,4-diaminopyridine) was affected by the neurotoxins and drugs mentioned. 3. inhibition of both i ... | 1987 | 2445966 |
| mast cell degranulating peptide and dendrotoxin selectively inhibit a fast-activating potassium current and bind to common neuronal proteins. | dendrotoxin and mast cell degranulating peptide are highly potent convulsant polypeptides from mamba snake and bee venoms, respectively. electrophysiological techniques and binding assays were used to study their interaction with fast-activating, voltage-dependent potassium channels in rat neurons. intracellular recordings in sensory ganglion cells showed that mast cell degranulating peptide blocks the same slowly inactivating potassium current as dendrotoxin but with lower potency, the respecti ... | 1987 | 2449637 |
| preferential cytotoxicity on tumor cells by caffeic acid phenethyl ester isolated from propolis. | the honeybee hive product, propolis, is a folk medicine employed for treating various ailments. many important pharmaceutical properties have been ascribed to propolis, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immunostimulatory and carcinostatic activities. propolis extracts have provided an active component identified as caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), which was readily prepared in one step. differential cytotoxicity has been observed in normal rat/human versus transformed rat/human melanom ... | 1988 | 2450776 |
| the receptor site for the bee venom mast cell degranulating peptide. affinity labeling and evidence for a common molecular target for mast cell degranulating peptide and dendrotoxin i, a snake toxin active on k+ channels. | the mast cell degranulating peptide (mcd) and dendrotoxin i (dtxi) are two toxins, one extracted from bee venom, the other one from snake venom, that are thought to act on voltage-sensitive k+ channels. binding sites for the two toxins have been solubilized. the solubilized sites were stable and retained their high affinity for 125i-dtxi and 125i-mcd (kd approximately equal to 100 pm). interactions were found between mcd and dtxi binding sites in the solubilized state, establishing that the two ... | 1988 | 2454131 |
| purification and subunit structure of a putative k+-channel protein identified by its binding properties for dendrotoxin i. | the binding protein for the k+-channel toxin dendrotoxin i was purified from a detergent extract of rat brain membranes. the purification procedure utilized chromatography on deae-trisacryl, affinity chromatography on a dendrotoxin-i-aca 22 column, and wheat germ agglutinin-affigel 10 with a final 3800- to 4600-fold enrichment and a recovery of 8-16%. the high affinity (kd, 40-100 pm) and specificity of the binding site are retained throughout the purification procedure. analysis of the purified ... | 1988 | 2455300 |
| celiprolol: its profile as a potential antiarrhythmic agent. | preliminary animal studies indicate tha celiprolol has antiarrhythmic properties. animal and clinical electrophysiologic studies suggest that the antiarrhythmic activity is from celiprolol beta-blocking effects (class ii antiarrhythmic). studies with anesthetized dogs show that celiprolol elevates the ventricular fibrillation threshold. an unexpected finding in the canine infarct drug model is the spontaneous conversion of ventricular fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm. the beta2-agonist proper ... | 1988 | 2461069 |
| identification of a german cockroach-specific allergen by human ige and rabbit igg. | to further study the immunology of insect hypersensitivity, we identified and partially characterized the principal allergens in whole body german cockroach (wbgcr) (blattella germanica) and compared this extract to whole body antigens prepared from other insects. wbgcr extract was fractionated over a calibrated sephadex g-200 column; peak allergenic activity was contained in fraction 3 (gcr3), containing components with apparent molecular weights ranging from 12,500 to 75,000 daltons. the antig ... | 1988 | 2462543 |
| characteristics of histamine secretion induced by neuropeptides: implications for the relevance of peptide-mast cell interactions in allergy and inflammation. | a variety of basic, sensory neuropeptides induced the release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells. however, a wide range of other polycationic agents, such as compound 48/80, the mast-cell-degranulating peptide from bee venom and polylysine also activated this cell type. histamine release induced by all of these agents had characteristic features in common. in each case, the process was extremely rapid, essentially independent of added calcium or phospholipids, not mediated through cell- ... | 1989 | 2468610 |
| solid phase synthesis and biological activity of mast cell degranulating (mcd) peptide: a component of bee venom. | mast cell degranulating (mcd) peptide, a 22 amino acid residue basic peptide from bee venom, was synthesized by stepwise solid phase synthesis on a benzhydrylamine resin support. n alpha-t-butyloxycarbonyl and benzyl type side chain protection was used. the two disulfide bridges were formed selectively by using s-acetamidomethyl protection for the cysteine residues in position 5 and 19 and s-methylbenzyl protection for the cysteine residues in positions 3 and 15. crude synthetic mcd peptide was ... | 1989 | 2468626 |
| time course of appearance and disappearance of human mast cell tryptase in the circulation after anaphylaxis. | tryptase, a neutral protease of human mast cells, is a potentially important indicator of mast cell involvement in various clinical conditions. the current study examined the time course of appearance and disappearance of tryptase in the circulation after an anaphylactic event and the stability of both endogenous and exogenous tryptase in terms of freeze-thawing and temperature. the peak level of tryptase after an experimentally induced systemic anaphylactic reaction occurred 1-2 h after the ini ... | 1989 | 2468689 |
| mechanism for the inhibitory and stimulatory actions of proteins on the activity of phospholipase a2. | the influence of proteins on phospholipase a2 was found to depend strongly on the enzyme assay system. we have used three different systems to measure phospholipase a2 which represent the different assay conditions used by a number of previous investigators. two distinct stimulatory and two distinct inhibitory effects of proteins were observed. (1) a number of proteins - such as albumin, gamma-globulin and lysozyme - were found to inhibit phospholipase a2 activity only at very low substrate conc ... | 1989 | 2469472 |
| histamine release from peripheral blood leukocytes with purified bee venom allergens: effect of hyperimmune beekeeper plasma. | the response of 15 strongly bee-venom-allergic patients to highly purified venom allergens was compared using skin prick test titration, peripheral blood leukocyte (pbl) histamine release and radioallergosorbent test with three highly purified bee venom allergens: phospholipase (pla2), hyaluronidase (hyal) and acid phosphatase (acid p). sensitivity to the three allergens ranked in the same order for all three tests and in each case pla2 was found to the most potent allergen. in the presence of h ... | 1989 | 2471697 |
| charybdotoxin blocks dendrotoxin-sensitive voltage-activated k+ channels. | charybdotoxin, a short scorpion venom neurotoxin, which was thought to be specific for the blockade of ca2+-activated k+ channels also blocks a class of voltage-sensitive k+ channels that are known to be the target of other peptide neurotoxins from snake and bee venoms such as dendrotoxin and mcd peptide. charybdotoxin also inhibits 125i-dendrotoxin and 125i-mcd peptide binding to their receptors. all these effects are observed with an ic50 of about 30 nm. | 1989 | 2473923 |
| immunocytochemical localization of prolactin-like antigenic determinants in the neuroendocrine system of the honeybee (apis mellifica). | in the brain of the adult worker bee (apis mellifica) prolactin-like (prl) immunoreactive cells were localized in the lateral neurosecretory cell region and the subesophageal ganglion by means of the pap procedure. these cells emit nerve fibers which pass through the neuropile of the brain to the corpora cardiaca where a great number of immunoreactive axon terminals is present. test with antisera against rat pituitary prolactin and human luteinizing hormone were negative. these results indicate ... | 1989 | 2475462 |
| possible increases in potassium conductance by apamin in mammalian ventricular papillary muscles: a comparison with the effects on enzymatically isolated ventricular cells. | apamin, a bee venom polypeptide, is reported to block the ca2+-dependent k+ channel in smooth muscle, hepatocyte, and neuroblastoma cells. in embryonic chick hearts, it was found to block the ca2+ channel. we report here that apamin (10(-9)-10(-7) m) hyperpolarizes the resting membrane potential and shortens the duration of the action potential (ap) in the fast response of adult guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles. this peptide also depresses the isoproterenol or ba2+-induced slow response ... | 1989 | 2475713 |
| inhibition of in vitro and in vivo mast cell degranulation by taenia crassiceps metacestodes in vitro incubation products. | in vitro released products of t. crassiceps metacestodes (tcip) harvested from the peritoneal cavity of nmri mice were tested for inhibitory effects on the in vitro degranulation of peritoneal mast cells (mcs) of normal mice (nmri) and rats (wistar) and on the in vivo degranulation of rat (wistar) skin mcs (pca-assay). in vitro degranulation was elicited chemically (compound 48/80, polymyxin b or the bee venom peptide, mellitin). in vivo degranulation was triggered immunologically (anaphylactic ... | 1989 | 2479392 |
| purification and characterization of five variants of phospholipase a2 and complete primary structure of the main phospholipase a2 variant in heloderma suspectum (gila monster) venom. | 1. five increasingly anionic variants (pa1-pa5) of ca2+-dependent phospholipase a2 were purified to homogeneity from the venom of the lizard heloderma suspectum (gila monster). the purification procedure was based on semi-preparative reverse-phase hplc followed by anion-exchange hplc and analytical reverse-phase hplc. 2. their mr were 17,000-18,000, as deduced by sds/page. specific activities tested by the capacity to hydrolyze phosphatidylcholines at ph 8.5 decreased as follows: pa3 greater tha ... | 1989 | 2480893 |
| [staphylococcus aureus infection in apis mellifera l. (honeybees)]. | the causative agent of american foulbrood is bacillus larvae, the causes of the european foulbrood diseases are streptococcus pluton and bacillus alvei and the causes of the septicemia are pseudomonas apiseptica and escherichia coli in honeybees (apis mellifera). apart from the above causative agents in this study, staphylococcus aureus has been isolated and identified from honeybees (apis mellifera). | 1989 | 2487466 |
| a case of stonebrood in australian honey bees (apis mellifera). | | 1989 | 2496680 |
| membrane structure and dynamics by 2h- and 31p-nmr. effects of amphipatic peptidic toxins on phospholipid and biological membranes. | the actions of bee venom melittin and delta-lysin from staphylococcus aureus on membranes have been monitored by solid-state deuterium and phosphorus nmr and shown to differ depending on temperature and on the lipid-to-peptide molar ratio ri. in the gel phase of phosphatidylcholine model membranes, for lipid-to-peptide ratios ri greater than 15, melittin induces isotropic lines interpreted as reflecting the presence of small discoidal structures, whereas delta-lysin does not. these small objects ... | 1989 | 2497788 |
| glycaemic responses to three different honeys given to normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits. | blood glucose levels of normal and diabetic rabbits were determined after oral administration of graded doses of three different types of honeys; namely honeys of apis florea (small-bee) and apis dorsata (large-bee) and an adulterated commercial honey. the chemical analysis showed that commercial honey was adulterated with a saturated sucrose solution as it contained lower ash but higher nonreducing sugar levels than the natural ones. oral administration of pure small or large-bee honeys in 5 ml ... | 1989 | 2501525 |
| mass spectrometric identification of peptides present in immunized and parasitised hemolymph from honeybees without purification. | we propose that a substance, identified using mass spectrometry, present in the hemolymph of the honeybee (apis mellifera) as a result of stimulating the insect immune system corresponds with apidaecin i, an antibacterial peptide recently described. the plasma desorption mass spectra indicate that several other higher molecule mass substances are synthesised as a result of bacterial or parasite infection. | 1989 | 2512920 |
| measurement of changes in brain water in man by magnetic resonance imaging. | john hunter was undoubtedly aware of the water content of normal brain tissue, and described cerebral oedema. the advent of nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) shed new light on brain water, and the derivation of spatial information and hence images from nmr signals, has permitted studies of regional brain water in man in vivo. the initial study described here tested whether nmr longitudinal relaxation time (t1) correlates with brain water content in the cerebral cortex and white matter in man, and ... | 1989 | 2513767 |
| inhibition of the bovine-heart mitochondrial f1-atpase by cationic dyes and amphipathic peptides. | the bovine heart mitochondrial f1-atpase is inhibited by a number of amphiphilic cations. the order of effectiveness of non-peptidyl inhibitors examined as assessed by the concentration estimated to produce 50% inhibition (i0.5) of the enzyme at ph 8.0 is: dequalinium (8 microm), rhodamine 6g (10 microm), malachite green (14 microm), rosaniline (15 microm) greater than acridine orange (180 microm) greater than rhodamine 123 (270 microm) greater than rhodamine b (475 microm), coriphosphine (480 m ... | 1989 | 2527062 |
| effects of melittin on endothelium-dependent relaxation and cyclic gmp levels in rat aorta. | the present study investigates the mechanism of endothelium-dependent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. melittin, a polypeptide found in honeybee venom and a known activator of phospholipase a2, induced transient, endothelium-dependent relaxations of rat thoracic aortae contracted with norepinephrine. higher concentrations of melittin induced relaxations followed by contractions. prior incubation of melittin with trypsin abolished the changes in relaxation and contraction due to melittin. me ... | 1989 | 2537155 |
| a phospholipase a2-activating protein (plap) stimulates human neutrophil aggregation and release of lysosomal enzymes, superoxide, and eicosanoids. | we have recently isolated a human phospholipase a2-activating protein (plap) that shares antigenic and biochemical similarities with melittin, a well characterized bee venom phospholipase-stimulatory peptide. to explore the potential mechanisms of action of plap that extend beyond its effects on eicosanoid synthesis, we examined its effects on the release of human neutrophil lysosomal enzymes and superoxide, and on rbc hemolysis. these results were compared to the effects of melittin, which has ... | 1989 | 2541202 |
| export of honeybee prepromelittin in escherichia coli depends on the membrane potential but does not depend on proteins seca and secy. | honeybee prepromelittin (70 amino acid residues), the precursor of an eukaryotic secretory protein, and a hybrid protein between prepromelittin and mouse dihydrofolate reductase (257 amino acid residues) were expressed in escherichia coli and characterized with respect to their requirements for transport across the plasma membrane. both precursor proteins are posttranslationally processed and exported into the periplasm, and they both depend on the membrane potential for this to occur. with resp ... | 1989 | 2542326 |
| specific receptors for endothelin on membranes from human placenta. characterization and use in a binding assay. | high-affinity binding sites for endothelin have been found in a human placenta membrane preparation. 125i-endothelin bound to placenta membranes at 20 degrees c with an association half-time of 30 min, whereas the binding was only slowly reversed with a dissociation half-time of 250 min. in saturation experiments, a single class of high-affinity binding sites was identified with an apparent dissociation constant (kd) of 24 pm and a maximal density of 240 fmol per mg of protein. the binding of 12 ... | 1989 | 2542708 |
| identification and properties of very high affinity brain membrane-binding sites for a neurotoxic phospholipase from the taipan venom. | four new monochain phospholipases were purified from the oxyuranus scutellatus (taipan) venom. three of them were highly toxic when injected into mice brain. one of these neurotoxic phospholipases, os2, was iodinated and used in binding experiments to demonstrate the presence of two families of specific binding sites in rat brain synaptic membranes. the affinities were exceptionally high, kd1 = 1.5 +/- 0.5 pm and kd2 = 45 +/- 10 pm, and the maximal binding capacities were bmax 1 = 1 +/- 0.4 and ... | 1989 | 2544597 |
| cross-reactivity of ige antibodies to caddis fly with arthropoda and mollusca. | we investigated the possibility that subjects with ige antibodies to an inhalant insect allergen, such as caddis fly, might also have antibodies to cross-reacting carbohydrate determinants (ccds). ige antibodies to cross-reacting allergens in caddis flies, mussels, oysters, shrimps, crabs, honeybee, and yellow jacket venoms were determined by rast, rast inhibition, and immunoblot studies with sera from three different sources: (1) sera of patients with well-defined inhalant atopy to caddis fly, ... | 1989 | 2547857 |
| analogies and differences in the mode of action and properties of binding sites (localization and mutual interactions) of two k+ channel toxins, mcd peptide and dendrotoxin i. | both the bee venom toxin, mast cell degranulating (mcd) peptide, and the snake toxin, dendrotoxin 1 (dtx1) induce epileptiform activity and paroxystic seizures after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection to rats. although many of the properties of the two toxins, which are blockers of the same k+ channel, appear to be very similar, a number of differences have been found. (1) induced seizures have an hippocampal origin for mcd and two different origins, situated in the cortex and in the lim ... | 1989 | 2550111 |
| rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid phospholipase a2 activating protein (plap) stimulates human neutrophil degranulation and superoxide ion production. | rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by excessive eicosanoid production, and phospholipase enzymes are the rate limiting step in eicosanoid synthesis. we have shown previously that cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis express enhanced phospholipase a2 enzyme activities. recently, we have isolated a phospholipase a2 activating protein termed plap from rheumatoid synovial fluid. this novel human protein shares biochemical and antigenic similarities with melittin, a bee venom phospholipas ... | 1989 | 2552770 |
| melittin inhibition of the gastric (h+ + k+) atpase and photoaffinity labeling with [125i]azidosalicylyl melittin. | melittin is a 26-amino acid amphipathic polypeptide toxin from bee venom which forms anion-selective ion channels in bilayers and biological membranes under the influence of membrane potential. melittin has been shown to interact with a number of membrane proteins. we found that melittin inhibited k+-stimulated atp hydrolysis by the (h+ + k+) atpase in parietal cell apical membrane vesicles derived from histamine-stimulated rabbit gastric mucosa with a kiapp of 0.5 micron. melittin also inhibite ... | 1989 | 2554808 |
| the co-i and co-ii region of honeybee mitochondrial dna: evidence for variation in insect mitochondrial evolutionary rates. | the sequence of a region of honeybee (apis mellifera ligustica) mitochondrial dna, which contains the genes for cytochrome c oxidase subunits i and ii (co-i and co-ii) and inferred genes for trna(asp), trna(leu)uur, trna(lys), and trna(trp), is presented. the region includes the segment previously identified as incurring a length increase in some other bee strains, including africanized bees. the sequence information of this study and of that by vlasak et al. shows that several shifts of trna ge ... | 1989 | 2559293 |
| inhibition of na+,k+-atpase activity by phospholipase a2 and several lysophospholipids: possible role of phospholipase a2 in noradrenaline release from cerebral cortical synaptosomes. | p-bromophenacyl bromide (pbpb), quinacrine and indomethacin, which inhibit phospholipase a2 (pla2; ec 3.1.1.4) activity in several tissues, caused a dose-dependent inhibition of prelabelled [3h]noradrenaline ([3h]na) release evoked by high concentrations of k+ from rat cerebral cortical synaptosomes. release of prelabelled [3h]na was caused by natural lysophosphatidic acid (lpa; 10(-6)-10(-5) g ml-1) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lpc; 10(-6)-10(-5) g ml-1) and synthetic lpa (6 x 10(-6), 2 x 10(-5 ... | 1989 | 2570849 |
| monoclonal anti-human igg antibodies for quantitation of allergen-specific igg in human sera. | eight monoclonal anti-human igg antibodies were fully characterized and evaluated as possible reagents in solid phase radioimmunoassay for quantitating allergen-specific igg antibody. four monoclonal antibodies (hg24d, hg2-14, hg2-18, and hg2-25) recognize ch2 domain of human igg and bind to human igg fixed to microtiter plate with high affinities. these monoclonal antibodies were more suitable than polyclonal rabbit anti-human igg antibody in phadebas rast for honey bee venom-specific igg antib ... | 1985 | 2578496 |
| effects of neurotensin on the isolated mouse distal colon. | the effects of neurotensin were studied in the isolated mouse distal colon. this peptide had potent stimulatory effects which were of pre- or postjunctional origin according to the concentrations used. at low concentrations (10(-11)-10(-10) m) neurotensin induced neurogenic non-cholinergic contractions which seemed to result from the release of substance p (or substance p-like activity) by enteric excitatory nerves. at higher concentrations (10(-9)-10(-7) m) neurotensin elicited a biphasic effec ... | 1985 | 2579827 |
| effects of apamin, quinine and neuromuscular blockers on calcium-activated potassium channels in guinea-pig hepatocytes. | the bee venom peptide, apamin, has been radiolabelled with 125i, the monoiodinated derivative purified, and its binding to intact guinea-pig liver cells studied. at 37 degrees c 125i-monoiodoapamin associated with, and dissociated from, guinea-pig hepatocytes remarkably rapidly. the association and dissociation rate constants were 1.4 x 10(8) m-1 s-1 and 0.035 s-1 respectively. equilibrium binding studies demonstrated a saturable binding component compatible with 1:1 binding to a single class of ... | 1985 | 2580085 |
| the all-or-none role of innervation in expression of apamin receptor and of apamin-sensitive ca2+-activated k+ channel in mammalian skeletal muscle. | the long-lasting after-hyperpolarization(s) (ahp) that follows the action potential in rat myotubes differentiated in culture is due to ca2+-activated k+ channels. these channels have the property to be specifically blocked by the bee venom toxin apamin at low concentrations. apamin has been used in this work to analyze, by electrophysiological and biochemical techniques, the role of innervation in expression of these important channels. the main results are as follows: (i) long-lasting ahp that ... | 1985 | 2580309 |
| [experiences with varroatosis control (field cases)]. | the prevalence of varroa jacobsoni in 20 bee-farms with an average of 371 swarms in the administrative districts of tübingen and stuttgart was investigated between 1983 and 1987. in summer as well as after each treatment the debris was examined regularly. on 19 bee-farms the population dynamics of the mites showed a similar pattern. during the first year after the varroatosis diagnosis we found an average of 30-50 mites after autumn treatment. this number increased to 300-600 varroa mites during ... | 1989 | 2617530 |
| [the effect of dilutions of apis mellifica and apium virus on ultraviolet light-induced erythema in the guinea pig]. | dilutions of apis mellifica (obtained from the whole bee) and apium virus (obtained from bee venom) are used classically in homeopathy for inflammatory symptoms with edema, erythema and pruritus (lewis triad). using a method examining the evolution of uv induced erythema in the guinea pig, the authors show the following dilutions of apis mellifica 7 ch(10(-14)), 9 ch(10(-18)) and of apium virus 5 ch(10(-10)), 7 ch(10(-14)), 9 ch(10(-18)) exert an action on experimental erythema. the results are ... | 1989 | 2627100 |
| [occurrence of nitrates and nitrites in certain frozen fruits, jams, stewed fruit and fruit-vegetable juices for children and in certain types of bee honey]. | nitrates and nitrites were evaluated spectrophotometrically by the method of griess reaction, with previous reduction of nitrates to nitrites in a column filled with cadmium dust. the content of nitrates in frozen fruit (strawberries, black and red currant and plums) ranged from 2.50 to 57.38 mg kno3/kg, with the highest content in garden strawberries. in cherry, strawberry, black and red currant jams the concentrations were from 6.30 to 97.38 mg kno3/kg, the highest content was in cherry jam. i ... | 1989 | 2637478 |
| [manoalide: a new phospholipase a2 inhibitor of marine origin with potential immunoregulatory effect]. | manoalide, a non-steroidal sesterterpenoid isolated from a marine sponge, is a potent analgesic and antiinflammatory compound. manoalide inhibits phospholipase a2 from extracellular sources (snake venoms, bee, etc.), the release of arachidonic acid from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes as well as calcium mobilization. this suggests that the anti-inflamatory effect might be caused by the regulation of eicosanoid biosynthesis. the macrophage plays a major role in the immune response and the inf ... | 1989 | 2640487 |
| apidaecins: antibacterial peptides from honeybees. | although insects lack the basic entities of the vertebrate immune system, such as lymphocytes and immunoglobulins, they have developed alternative defence mechanisms against infections. different types of peptide factors, exhibiting bactericidal activity, have been detected in some insect species. these humoral factors are induced upon infection. the present report describes the discovery of the apidaecins, isolated from lymph fluid of the honeybee (apis mellifera). the apidaecins represent a ne ... | 1989 | 2676519 |
| antibacterial and antimalarial properties of peptides that are cecropin-melittin hybrids. | solid phase synthesis was used to produce 5 hybrid peptides containing sequences from the antibacterial peptide, cecropin a, and from the bee venom toxin, melittin. four of these chimeric peptides showed good antibacterial activity against representative gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species. the best hybrid, cecropin a(1-13)-melittin(1-13) was 100-fold more active than cecropin a against staphylococcus aureus. it was also a 10-fold better antimalarial agent than cecropin b or magain ... | 1989 | 2689223 |
| quantification of igg and igg4 antibodies to bee venom phospholipase a2 by competitive inhibition in elisa. | phospholipase a2 (pla) is the major antigen of bee venom. individuals often stung by bees, such as bee keepers, show a restricted immune response mainly of anti-pla igg4 antibodies. in contrast, patients allergic to bee venom produce high levels of pla-specific ige. this isotype restriction, the clinical relevance and the well defined structure of the pla antigen, provide a useful model for the study of the principles regulating isotype expression in the human antibody response. a fundamental re ... | 1989 | 2708823 |
| toxicity of colocynithin and hydrated colocynithin from alcoholic extract of citrullus colocynthis pulp. | the comparative toxicity of the alcoholic extract of citrullus colocynthis pulp; colocynithin and hydrated colocynithin have been isolated and tried against seven insect species. the american cockroaches were more susceptible for both compounds than the german one, adult honey bee were more affected with colocynithin than adult housefly. while hydrated colocynithin was more toxic to housefly than honey bee, cotton leafworm was less affected with both toxicants. bed bug was less affected with col ... | 1989 | 2708854 |
| comparative studies on the protein composition of hymenopteran venom reservoirs. | the proteins of venom reservoirs from 25 hymenopteran species from 21 genera were investigated with regard to their protein composition and immunological similarities. it was found that low mol. wt proteins and polypeptides are typical for the venoms of ants, social wasps and bees. six species of ichneumonoid parasitic wasps lack these low mol. wt proteins. except for bee venoms none of the low mol. wt proteins contain mannose. the venoms of ichneumonoid parasites and ants contained primarily ac ... | 1989 | 2711410 |
| factors influencing the hemolysis of human erythrocytes by cardiotoxins from naja naja kaouthia and naja naja atra venoms and a phospholipase a2 with cardiotoxin-like activities from bungarus fasciatus venom. | the effects of red blood cell age and incubation conditions (temperature, divalent cation type and concentration, ph and glucose) on hemolysis induced by cardiotoxin fractions from naja naja atra and naja naja kaouthia venoms, a phospholipase a2 with cardiotoxin-like activities from bungarus fasciatus venom and bee venom phospholipase a2 were examined. hemolysis by the snake venom toxins was dependent on red blood cell age (aged more susceptible than fresh) and the temperature of incubation (37 ... | 1989 | 2718193 |
| stimulation of enzymatic activity in filament preparations of casein kinase ii by polylysine, melittin, and spermine. | casein kinase ii (ckii) has been purified from bovine heart tissue. under conditions of low salt (0.05 m nacl, 10 mm mgcl2), ckii forms structured aggregates that appear as filaments similar to results obtained with drosophila ckii [c.v.c. glover (1986) j. biol. chem. 261:14349]. the aggregates have been analyzed by sucrose density gradients and electron microscopy. filament preparations of the enzyme have reduced but measurable kinase activity. the addition of salt restores activity. various mo ... | 1989 | 2725485 |