| sterility from crosses between sub-species of the tsetse fly glossina morsitans. | | 1972 | 4404251 |
| [some peculiarities of the habitat of glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank, 1949 (diptera, glossinidae), noticed in senegal]. | | 1974 | 4438759 |
| viruslike particles in the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans sspp. preliminary results. | | 1974 | 4445812 |
| preliminary notes on the response behaviour of glossina palpalis palpalis (r.-d.) and glossina longipalpis wied, to man and ox-bait in their natural habitat. | | 1974 | 4480474 |
| the role of game animals in the maintenance of endemic and enzootic trypanosomiases in the lambwe valley, south nyanza district, kenya. | rhodesian sleeping sickness and bovine trypanosomiasis were endemic in the lambwe valley of western kenya, where the vector of both diseases was a tsetse fly glossina pallidipes. since a large resident population of game animals also inhabited the valley, a programme was designed to assess the relationships between game animals, tsetse, and trypanosome populations and the results were collated with some aspects of local human ecology and the general epidemiological situation in the valley. of 13 ... | 1972 | 4544824 |
| sub-lethal effect of sulphaquinoxaline on the tsetse fly, glossina austeni newst. | | 1973 | 4584191 |
| chemoreceptors, cuticular mechanoreceptors, and peripheral multiterminal neurones in the larva of the tsetse fly (glossina). | | 1972 | 4653440 |
| mouthpart sensilla of the tsetse fly and their function. i. feeding patterns. | | 1972 | 4656454 |
| polytene chromosomes of the tsetse fly glossina morsitans morsitans. | | 1973 | 4682086 |
| glycogen in the proventriculus of the tsetse fly. | | 1973 | 4705253 |
| mouthpart sensilla of the tsetse fly and their function. ii. labial sensilla. | | 1973 | 4723209 |
| mouthpart sensilla of the tsetse fly and their function. 3. labrocibarial sensilla. | | 1973 | 4723210 |
| experiments on radio-activation labelling of the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans. | | 1973 | 4725702 |
| the mode of attachment of trypanosoma vivax in the proboscis of the tsetse fly glossina fuscipes: an ultrastructural study of the epimastigote stage of the trypanosome. | | 1973 | 4731343 |
| ultrastructural changes during growth of the flight muscles in the adult tsetse fly, glossina austeni. | | 1973 | 4752421 |
| uric acid metabolism in the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans. | | 1973 | 4763293 |
| influence of diet composition on feeding and water excretion by the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans. | | 1973 | 4774530 |
| the biting mechanism of the tsetse fly-a reappraisal of a film made by the late professor r. m. gordon, dr. w. crewe and mr. j. brady, using the scanning electron microscope. | | 1973 | 4777410 |
| some observations on a herd of cattle maintained under chemotherapeutic cover in an area of high tsetse fly challenge. | | 1973 | 4784094 |
| influence of ph and ionic composition of the diet on feeding and water excretion by the tsetse fly glossina morsitans. | | 1973 | 4784104 |
| glycogen in the viscera of the tsetse fly. | | 1973 | 4784106 |
| cytogenetics of the tsetse fly. | | 1973 | 4798216 |
| the seasonal fluctuations of the "apparent density" of glossina palpalis palpalis in the republic of zaire. | | 1973 | 4798872 |
| [control of glossina palpalis gambiensis in the niayes region of senegal]. | | 1973 | 4802000 |
| amino acids in the excreta of the tsetse fly, glossina palpalis. | | 1974 | 4824587 |
| water movement during diuresis in the tsetse fly (glossina austeni). | | 1974 | 4833677 |
| utilization of injected glucose by the tsetse fly (glossina) and the stable fly (stomoxys). | | 1972 | 5009196 |
| spontaneous, circadian components of tsetse fly activity. | | 1972 | 5045295 |
| sensory and neurosecretory innervation of the tsetse fly proventricular complex. | | 1972 | 5048817 |
| the nervous system in tsetse fly feeding. | | 1972 | 5048818 |
| aspects of the development of flight musculature in the tsetse fly. | | 1972 | 5048821 |
| relationship between temperature, duration of the pupal stage, appearance of the ovaries and the reproductive potential of laboratory-bred glossina palpalis females. | | 1972 | 5048827 |
| bat's wing membrane for tsetse fly synthetic feeding. | | 1972 | 5048831 |
| cytogenetical analysis of a tsetse fly hybrid. | | 1972 | 5048835 |
| volume relationships during the pregnancy cycle of the tsetse fly glossina austeni. | | 1972 | 5055121 |
| the regulation of ovulation in the tsetse-fly, glossina pallidipes austen. | | 1971 | 5130027 |
| recent advances in techniques for tsetse-fly control. | with the advent of modern persistent insecticides, it has become possible to utilize some of the knowledge that has accumulated on the ecology and bionomics of glossina and to devise more effective techniques for the control and eventual extermination of these species.the present article, based on experience of the tsetse fly problem in northern nigeria, points out that the disadvantages of control techniques-heavy expenditure of money and manpower and undue damage to the biosystem-can now large ... | 1967 | 5301739 |
| control of the african trypanosomiases with special reference to land use. | there is a need to reassess the role of the trypanosomiases, both human and animal, in african ecology and economy. withdrawal of control services from the congo basin was followed by a resurgence of infection from ancient foci, many of them thought to have been extinguished. successful elimination of glossina in savanna habitats has sometimes been followed by reinvasion causing massive epizootics. elsewhere continued recession of the tsetse fly has been followed by cattle population growth whic ... | 1969 | 5307600 |
| aerial applications of insecticides for tsetse fly control in east africa. | since 1948, research has progressed in east africa on the control of tsetse flies by aeria, applications of insecticides. initial experiments proved that residual spray treatments were ineffective while repeated applications of coarse aerosols gave promising fly mortalities.in recent years, with the development of more toxic insecticides used in conjunction with improved thermal exhaust equipment and modified rotary atomizers, sprays with fine aerosol characteristics have been produced at consid ... | 1969 | 5308701 |
| amino acids in pupa of tsetse fly (glossina palpalis). | | 1969 | 5356623 |
| effect of the developmental state of the host guinea-pig on the feeding activity of the tsetse fly glossina pallidipes aust. | | 1969 | 5375526 |
| a note on the parasitisation of the pupa of glossina palpalis (r.-d.) by anastatus motsch. sp. (hym., eupelmidae). | | 1969 | 5375527 |
| cibarial stretch receptors in the tsetse fly (glossina austeni) and the blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala). | | 1970 | 5417534 |
| aspects of the structure, innervation and function of tsetse fly gut. | | 1970 | 5442063 |
| [the use of helicopters for tsetse fly control in the republic of niger]. | | 1970 | 5451564 |
| supercontracting and non-supercontracting visceral muscles in the tsetse fly, glossina austeni. | | 1970 | 5469740 |
| function of resilin in tsetse fly seeding mechanism. | | 1970 | 5488115 |
| [experimental spraying from helicopters of the border forests along the niger river for tsetse fly control. influence of droplet size of multanin-fluid-3 on its period of effectiveness]. | | 1971 | 5572957 |
| the effect of host pregnancy on the reproductive capability of the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans, in captivity. | | 1968 | 5636861 |
| influence of age and feeding on the success of mating in a tsetse fly species. | | 1968 | 5673019 |
| chromosomes of the tsetse fly, glossina palpalis r.-d. | | 1968 | 5688454 |
| artificial breeding of tsetse fly. i. factors connected with the feeding membrane and blood meals type. | | 1968 | 5734846 |
| diminazine aceturate and homidium chloride. resistance in tsetse fly-transmitted trypanosomes of cattle in northern nigeria. | | 1968 | 5748769 |
| ring-canals and intercellular communication within the egg-chamber of a tsetse fly species. | | 1968 | 5750793 |
| biological studies carried out with the glossina morsitans colony of lisbon. 3. hypothetical control of the tsetse fly in principe island by the sterile-male technique. | | 1968 | 5753774 |
| separation of free amino acids and derivatives in the tsetse fly glossina palpalis (diptera) by ion-exchange chromatography. | | 1969 | 5766601 |
| adenine nucleotides as feeding stimulants of the tsetse fly glossina austeni newst. | | 1969 | 5786502 |
| glycerol kinase activities in muscles from vertebrates and invertebrates. | 1. glycerol kinase (ec 2.7.1.30) activity was measured in crude extracts of skeletal muscles by a radiochemical method. the properties of the enzyme from a number of different muscles are very similar to those of the enzyme from rat liver. glycerol kinase from locust flight muscle was inhibited competitively by l-3-glycerophosphate with a k(i) of 4.0x10(-4)m. 2. the activity of glycerol kinase was measured in a variety of muscles from vertebrates and invertebrates in an attempt to explain the la ... | 1969 | 5801671 |
| use of who tsetse fly kit for determining resistance in the stable fly. | | 1965 | 5826353 |
| nitrogenous waste products of the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans. | | 1965 | 5827549 |
| chemosterilisation--a new field of research in tsetse fly control. | | 1963 | 5889262 |
| [improvement of the method for the determination of the physiological age of tsetse flies. studies made on glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank, 1949]. | | 1965 | 5898576 |
| the effect of environment and host type on the rate of digestion in the tsetse fly glossina morsitans westw. | | 1966 | 5927329 |
| measurements by two methods of the susceptibility to ddt and dieldrin of glossina palpalis (r.-d.) in northern nigeria. | | 1966 | 5927330 |
| [tsetse fly breeding in lisbon. an accident with insecticides]. | | 1966 | 5986678 |
| the control of digestion in the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans. enzyme activity in relation to the size and nature of the meal. | | 1966 | 6004788 |
| sensory innervation of the spiracular muscle in the tsetse fly (glossina morsitans) and the larva of the waxmoth (galleria mellonella). | | 1966 | 6004954 |
| effect of ligaturing on puparium formation in the larva of the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans westwood. | | 1967 | 6032838 |
| behaviour and regulation of puparium formation in the larva of the tsetse fly glossina morsitans orientalis vanderplank in relation to humidity, light and mechanical stimuli. | | 1967 | 6036868 |
| digestion in the tsetse fly glossina morsitans westw.: the effect of feeding field-caught flies on guinea pigs in the laboratory. | | 1967 | 6066008 |
| the conversion of glutamate to alanine in the tsetse fly (glossina morsitans). | | 1967 | 6079419 |
| experimental evidence for a hormonal control of digestion in the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans westwood: a study of the larva, pupa, and teneral adult fly. | | 1967 | 6081063 |
| [glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank 1949 (diptera) in the niayes region and on the petite côte (senegal republic)]. | | 1967 | 6083208 |
| [contact between glossina palpalis palpalis (rob.-desv., 1830) and g. palpalis gambiensis vanderplank, 1949 (diptera) in the bouaké area (ivory coast)]. | the boundary between the distributions of the tsetse sub-species g. palpalis palpalis and g. p. gambiensis lies 60 km north of bouaké, ivory coast. at this place, there is a very narrow hybridization belt. 10 males were caught and compared with hybrids of laboratory origin. the possibility of a postcopulatory sub-specific barrier is discussed. | 1984 | 6093300 |
| a mixed population of trypanozoon in glossina palpalis palpalis from ivory coast. | cloning trypanosomes clearly showed that at least two enzymically distinct populations of trypanozoon were present within the salivary glands of a wild-caught glossina palpalis palpalis from ivory coast. normal sampling techniques detected only the predominant population, which would be the only population reaching a stage suitable for enzyme characterization. thus a tsetse fly may fail to be implicated as a transmitter of man-infective trypanosomes. the enzymic relationship of the two trypanozo ... | 1984 | 6095495 |
| trypanosome infection rates of glossina spp. (diptera: glossinidae) in transitional forest-savanna near bouaflé, ivory coast. | tsetse, caught in biconical traps near bouaflé, ivory coast in 1980-81, were examined for trypanosome infections. in a sample of 1138 non teneral glossina palpalis s.l. there were infection rates of 12.2% (all infections) and 5.3% (mature infections). female flies had a significantly higher infection rate than males. in g. palpalis only 3 (0.26%) salivary gland infections were detected, 62.3% of the mature infections were t. vivax-like and 71.4% of all infections were restricted to the midgut. t ... | 1984 | 6098057 |
| [impact of biconic impregnated traps on the populations of glossina palpalis gambiensis and glossina tachinoides. results of a large-scale control campaign against animal trypanosomiasis in the north ivory coast]. | | 1984 | 6100564 |
| resistance of vectors of disease to pesticides. fifth report of the who expert committee in vector biology and control. | the resistance of vectors (the term includes primary and intermediate vertebrate and invertebrate hosts and animal reservoirs of human and animal diseases) of disease to pesticides is a major problem faced by who member states in the control of vectorborne diseases. since the meeting of the who expert committee on insecticides in 1975, resistance has continued to increase and to affect disease control programs in many countries. the appearance of multiresistance in several important vectors ha ... | 1980 | 6111866 |
| infectivity of monomorphic and pleomorphic trypanosoma brucei stocks cultivated at 28 c with various tsetse fly tissues. | noninfective procyclic forms of trypanosoma brucei stocks derived from the pleomorphic eve 10 were cultivated at 28 c in cunningham's liquid medium in the presence of head-salivary gland, alimentary tract, and abdominal body wall explants of glossina morsitans morsitans. after 8 to 10 days of cultivation some of the procyclic forms transformed into metacyclic stages infective for mice. infectivity persisted for varying periods up to 66 days, when the experiments were terminated. only 10 explants ... | 1981 | 6115002 |
| genetic polymorphism in three species of tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae) in upper volta. | natural populations of glossina morsitans submorsitans newstead, glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank and glossina tachinoides westwood occurring within 150 km of bobo-dioulasso, upper volta were examined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. no variation was found in the banding pattern for arginine phosphokinase (ec 2.7.3.3). g. p. gambiensis and g. tachinoides had three alleles for each of the thoracic enzymes octanol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.73), malic dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.37) and ... | 1981 | 6115554 |
| change in levels of cyclic amp and cyclic gmp during pregnancy and larval development of the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans. | cyclic amp and cyclic gmp levels change very little in response to feeding and mating, but during pregnancy and at parturition major changes can be detected in both the mother and larva. in both the female head and larva (whole body) cyclic amp levels reach a peak at parturition. in the larval brain and ring gland cyclic amp is at its lowest at parturition but rises sharply, reaching a peak 1.5 hr later at the time of pupariation . though cyclic amp levels in the head and thorax are consistently ... | 1984 | 6144421 |
| [breeding sites of glossina palpalis s.1. pupae in a transitional woodland area in ivory coast]. | search for pupae of g. palpalis s.1. was conducted from february to december 1981 in the bouaflé area, ivory coast. 1909 pupae were collected from 70 breeding sites after 518 hours of search. pupae were found both in the dry and the rainy seasons. the vegetation and the nature of the soil seem to be two inseparable factors for the creation and the maintenance of glossina breeding sites in the study area. in localities with high pig population density, a greater number of pupae were found either ... | 1984 | 6150625 |
| antigenic variation in its biological context. | the biology of antigenic variation is discussed, and the problems that must be solved to provide a full understanding of antigenic variation are considered. these are (i) the induction of v.s.g. synthesis in the salivary glands of the tsetse fly; (ii) the nature of the restriction on v.s.g. genes that allows only some of them to be expressed in the salivary glands; (iii) the nature of 'predominance' in v.s.g. expression in the mammalian host, and the mechanism by which it operates; (iv) the repr ... | 1984 | 6151685 |
| analysis by flow cytometry of dna synthesis during the life cycle of african trypanosomes. | dna content, at different stages in the life cycle of the hemoprotozoan parasite trypanosoma brucei, has been analysed with a fluorescence activated cell sorter. it was observed that the long slender bloodstream form stage and procyclic culture forms (analogous to the tsetse fly midgut stage) are dividing cell populations with cells in g1, s, g2 and mitosis. short stumpy bloodstream form and metacyclic fly salivary gland form populations are composed of non-dividing parasites stabilized in g1 or ... | 1984 | 6152113 |
| studies on trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense iv. experimental immunization of mice against tsetse fly challenge. | groups of mice were exposed to multiple bites by tsetse flies (glossina morsitans morsitans) infected with a clone of trypanosoma congolense spread over a periof of 8 days. the mice were subsequently treated with berenil 10 days after the first fly bite as were uninfected control mice. the group of mice which received 12--15 infectious fly bites on two occasions, 21 days apart, were subsequently resistant to infection when re-challenged by flies infected with the same clone of t. congolense. the ... | 1980 | 6155654 |
| antigenic analysis by immunofluorescence of in vitro-produced metacyclics of trypanosoma brucei and their infections in mice. | the antigenic types in populations of metacyclic trypanosomes of trypanosoma brucei isolated from glossina morsitans head-salivary gland trypanosome cultures and bloodstream forms in the early parasitemias produced from whole culture supernatant fluids containing metacyclic forms, were analyzed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test using clone-specific antisera. metacyclic trypanosomes in cultures initiated with cloned bloodstream forms with heterogeneous with respect to their variable antig ... | 1980 | 6161247 |
| all metacyclic variable antigen types of trypanosoma congolense identified using monoclonal antibodies. | vaccination against the tsetse-borne trypanosomiases has proved impossible because of the trypanosome's ability to generate a seemingly inexhaustible number of variable antigen types in the blood or tissues of the host. each variable antigen is a glycoprotein which forms a surface coat on the trypanosome and each glycoprotein is the product of a single gene. the full repertoire of such antigens has not been identified for any trypanosome serodeme (genotype) as yet, but the number of genes coding ... | 1983 | 6196642 |
| antigenic variation during the developmental cycle of trypanosoma brucei. | during the complex life cycle of trypanosoma brucei, changes in the exposed surface antigens occur in both the mammalian host and the insect vector (glossina spp.). these antigenic changes are associated with alterations of the variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) composition or with the loss of the vsg. in the bloodstream of the mammalian host, trypanosomes successfully evade destruction by the host's immune response by continuously expressing alternative vsgs, at low frequency, which are not des ... | 1984 | 6204043 |
| the distribution of repetitive dnas between regular and supernumerary chromosomes in species of glossina (tsetse): a two-step process in the origin of supernumeraries. | several species of tsetse fly within the morsitans and fusca subgenera of glossina contain supernumerary (b) chromosomes. previous studies on the meiotic behaviour of chromosomes (southern and pell, 1973) and the c-band patterns (jordan et al., 1977) have indicated a close similarity between the y chromosome and the supernumeraries. the distributions of the highly abundant families of dna (satellite dnas) between the autosomes, sex chromosomes and b chromosomes of g.m. morsitans, g. austeni and ... | 1981 | 6258877 |
| absence of detectable alteration in the kinetoplast dna of a trypanosoma brucei clone following loss of ability to infect the insect vector (glossina morsitans). | a monomorphic bloodstream population of trypanosoma brucei eatro 1244 was derived from a cloned pleomorphic parental population by 77 rapid passages through mice. loss of pleomorphism was accompanied by increased virulence of trypanosomes towards the mammal, by loss of ability to infect the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans, loss of ability to transform to the procyclic stage in vitro at 26 degrees c, and by loss of oligomycin-sensitive atpase activity in trypanosome homogenates. no differences in ... | 1981 | 6275264 |
| traps to control and estimate populations of glossina species. | biconical traps were used to capture continuously glossina palpalis s.l. in ivory coast and g. morsitans centralis in zambia for 19 and 20 days respectively. both fly populations declined markedly during the continuous trapping period though populations subjected to intermittent trapping or where the traps were very widely spaced did not do so to the same extent. fly density was estimated by applying the principles of removal trapping and were compared with other trapping studies. the results de ... | 1981 | 6285562 |
| [observations on tsetse flies in a forest focus of human trypanosomiasis in ivory coast. 3. dispersal and distribution of fly populations around a village (author's transl)]. | in the vavoua human trypanosomiasis focus (forest zone of ivory coast) four tsetse fly catching series, of nine days each, were made during the rainy season using eighty five biconical traps. the dispersion of flies in the study area was studied by the mark-release-recapture method. two series of two sets of capture-mark-release were carried out. in the first set flies were captured, marked and released in their point of origin and in the second set captured and marked in the village periphery b ... | 1982 | 6287688 |
| [the use of screens in the anti-tsetse campaign in the forest zone]. | after preliminary studies on the ecodistribution of glossina palpalis s.l. in the sleeping sickness focus of vavoua (ivory coast) trials with screens impregnated with decamethrine were carried out. artificial supports for insecticide present several advantages: less pollution, less costly, simplicity, facility of use by local personnel, possibility of re-use, integration with other methods. on the other hand, its action based on the attraction of flies which come into contact with the screen is ... | 1982 | 6291199 |
| unexpectedly slow homogenisation within a repetitive dna family shared between two subspecies of tsetse fly. | repetitive dna families in sexual species are subject to a variety of turnover mechanisms capable of homogenising newly arising mutations. very high levels of homogeneity in dna families in some species of drosophila indicate that the rate of turnover is fast relative to that of mutation. to gauge the generality of such phenomena, we cloned and sequenced individual members of homologous repetitive dna families from two subspecies of tsetse fly, glossina morsitans centralis and g. morsitans morsi ... | 1984 | 6439886 |
| tsetse fly feeding preference as determined by vehicular trapping in tanzania. | in eastern tanzania an electric grid trap carried in the back of a moving pick-up truck was used to capture engorged glossina morsitans morsitans and g. pallidipes for an analysis of their food sources. although 12 000 head of domestic cattle represented c. 75% of the animal biomass in the survey area, they provided only 5.6% of the total blood meals, while 74.8% were from warthogs and bushpigs. the percentage of females among the captured flies was 12 and 47 for g. m. morsitans and g. pallidipe ... | 1984 | 6486936 |
| occurrence of glossina nashi potts 1955 diptera-glossinidae in the republic of gabon. | glossina nashi, a little known species of tsetse fly, inhabits the forests of central africa. it has recently been detected in the province of haut ogooué in the south-east of the republic of gabon. | 1984 | 6506846 |
| genetic relationships between subspecies of the tsetse fly glossina morsitans inferred from variation in mitochondrial dna sequences. | a 750 base pair segment of dna from the tsetse fly glossina morsitans morsitans was isolated by means of molecular cloning. it was shown by dna hybridization to have substantial sequence homology with a defined region of the mitochondrial genomes of several drosophila species. when used as a probe against dna prepared from single tsetse flies, the cloned sequence revealed local restriction site variation between members of the g. morsitans subspecies complex. this feature was used to demonstrate ... | 1984 | 6525570 |
| experimental aerial release of sterile males of glossina palpalis gambiensis and of glossina tachinoides in a biological control operation. | | 1984 | 6544956 |
| attraction of the tsetse fly glossina morsitans submorsitans to acetone, 1-octen-3-ol, and the combination of these compounds in west africa. | | 1984 | 6545841 |
| characterization of the genes specifying two metacyclic variable antigen types in trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | bloodstream trypanosomes evade the immune system of their mammalian host by sequentially expressing a large number of different variable surface glycoproteins (vsgs). in contrast, metacyclic trypanosomes, the final developmental stage in the tsetse fly, express a much more restricted set of vsgs. these metacyclic vsgs are the first to be exposed to the immune system of the mammalian host after infection and may offer the potential for the eventual development of a vaccine. we have identified cdn ... | 1984 | 6593722 |