| conservatism of sites of trna loci among the linkage groups of several drosophila species. | the sites of seven trna genes (arg-2, lys-2, ser-2b, ser-7, thr-3, thr-4, val-3b) were studied by in situ hybridization. 125i-labeled trna probes from drosophila melanogaster were hybridized to spreads of polytene chromosomes prepared from four drosophila species representing different evolutionary lineages (d. melanogaster, drosophila hydei, drosophila pseudoobscura, and drosophila virilis). most trna loci occurred on homologous chromosomal elements of all four species. in some cases the number ... | 1990 | 2107332 |
| comparison of the gap segmentation gene hunchback between drosophila melanogaster and drosophila virilis reveals novel modes of evolutionary change. | we have cloned and sequenced a large portion of the hunchback (hb) locus from drosophila virilis. comparison with the drosophila melanogaster hb sequence shows multiple strong homologies in the upstream and downstream regions of the gene, including most of the known functional parts. the coding sequence is highly conserved within the presumptive dna-binding finger regions, but more diverged outside of them. the regions of high divergence are correlated with regions which are rich in short direct ... | 1989 | 2504581 |
| a neuron-specific enhancer of the drosophila dopa decarboxylase gene. | at least two cis-regulatory elements are necessary for correct neuron-specific expression of the drosophila melanogaster dopa decarboxylase gene, ddc. in addition to a previously described proximal element located approximately 60 bp upstream of the mrna start site, we have now characterized a distal approximately 600-bp dna fragment, extending from -1019 to -1623 bp, which possesses enhancer-like properties and is essential for normal neuron-specific expression. immunofluorescent labeling of ne ... | 1989 | 2501149 |
| in situ hybridization analysis of chromosomal homologies in drosophila melanogaster and drosophila virilis. | twenty-four biotin-labeled recombinant-dna probes which contained putative unique-sequence drosophila melanogaster dna were hybridized to larval salivary-gland chromosomes of d. melanogaster and drosophila virilis. all probes hybridized to d. melanogaster chromosomes at the expected sites. however, one probe hybridized to at least 16 additional sites, and one hybridized to one additional site. thirteen probes hybridized strongly to d. virilis chromosomes, four hybridized weakly and infrequently, ... | 1989 | 2499517 |
| definition of cis-acting elements regulating expression of the drosophila melanogaster ninae opsin gene by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. | we have analyzed the cis-acting regulatory sequences of the rh1 (ninae) gene in drosophila melanogaster by p-element-mediated germline transformation of indicator genes transcribed from mutant ninae promoter sequences. we have previously shown that a 200-bp region extending from -120 to +67 relative to the transcription start site is sufficient to obtain eye-specific expression from the ninae promoter. in the present study, 22 different 4-13-bp sequences in the -120/+67 promoter region were alte ... | 1989 | 2521839 |
| the drosophila virilis dopa decarboxylase gene is developmentally regulated when integrated into drosophila melanogaster. | the dopa decarboxylase gene (ddc) has been isolated from drosophila virilis and introduced into the germ-line of drosophila melanogaster by p-element mediated transformation. the integrated gene is induced at the correct stages during development with apparently normal tissue specificity, indicating that cis-acting elements required for regulation are functionally conserved between the two species. a comparison of the dna sequences from the 5' flanking regions reveals a cluster of small (8-16 bp ... | 1986 | 3096718 |
| electron microscopic heteroduplex mapping identifies regions of the engrailed locus that are conserved between drosophila melanogaster and drosophila virilis. | physical localization of mutations in the engrailed (en) gene suggested that at least 70 kilobases (kb) of genomic sequences contribute to the normal function of this gene. molecular characterization has suggested that en function is encoded in a small, 4.5-kb primary transcript. to identify functional regions within the 70 kb of the en locus of d. melanogaster, we identified sequences conserved in the d. virilis genome (estimated divergence time, 60 million years). based on homology to d. melan ... | 1985 | 3939321 |
| factors influencing the yield of satellite dna in extractions from drosophila virilis and drosophila melanogaster adults and embryos. | the application of different dna extraction methods to identical batches of drosophila virilis and drosophila melanogaster flies or embryos has revealed that the ionic strength of a homogenization medium is of critical importance if chloroform extractions are performed. the low yield of satellite dna after homogenization in low salt buffers is less severe if edta is included in the buffer. phenol extraction procedures result in no such differential behavior of satellite and main band dna, but un ... | 1976 | 817748 |
| the sequence dependence of circular dichroism spectra of dna duplexes. | the three satellite dnas of drosophila virilis, that approximate to poly d(caaacta)-poly d(tagtttg), poly d(taaacta)-poly d(tagttta), poly d(caaatta)-poly d(taatttg), the satellite dna of drosophila melanogaster that approximates to poly d(aatat)-poly d(atatt), the synthetic dna duplexes, poly dg-poly dc, poly d(at)-poly d(at), poly d(aat)-poly d(att), poly d(aac)-poly d(gtt), poly d(tac)-poly d(gta) and the block copolymer d(c15a15)-d(t15g15) all have circular dichroism spectra consistent with ... | 1975 | 809757 |
| evolution of 5s ribosomal rna genes in the chromosomes of the virilis group of drosophila. | drosophila melanogaster 5s ribosomal rna labeled with 125i was used as an in situ hybridization probe to localize complementary sequences in chromosomes of species in the drosophila virilis group. whereas virilis, the ancestral species, has two different 5s gene loci, the derived species show only one of these loci; in the two lines that have evolved from virilis it is the opposite locus that is conserved. the possible events leading to such an arrangement are discussed. | 1976 | 824108 |
| determination of some biochemical and structural features of alcohol dehydrogenases from drosophila simulans and drosophila virilis. comparison of their properties with the drosophila melanogaster adhs enzyme. | the biochemical properties of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase of two different drosophila species, drosophila simulans and drosophila virilis, were studied and compared with those of drosophila melanogaster adhs enzyme. all of them consist of two identical subunits of molecular weight 27800 and share significant similarities in function. the substrate specificities of these enzymes were characterized and km(app.) and vmax.(app.) values were calculated. all these alcohol dehydrogenases show grea ... | 1981 | 6796069 |
| mitochondrial dna in drosophila. an analysis of genome organization and transcription in drosophila melanogaster and drosophila virilis. | | 1981 | 6175759 |
| evolution of gab family adaptor proteins. | the gab/dos/soc-1 proteins form a family of multi-adaptor/scaffolding proteins involved in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. to further understanding of the gab family and the drosophila dos protein in particular, we isolated a dos homolog from both drosophila pseudoobscura and drosophila virilis and compared their gene structures and protein sequences with the rest of the gab family. the presence of two conserved introns confirmed that the dos and gab genes are orthologous, but the caenorhabd ... | 2003 | 12853137 |
| effect of implanted adult corpora allata on that of host in two species of drosophila. | experiments to show the effect of implanted adult corpora allata on that of the host have given negative results in drosophila melanogaster, while the presumed compensatory effect has been verified in drosophila virilis. reasons are presented which suggest that the nature of the latter effect should be further analyzed. | 1961 | 17817396 |
| the effects of nitric oxide on radiation damage in drosophila virilis and drosophila melanogaster. | | 1961 | 13690620 |
| a mutant of drosophila melanogaster resembling the so-called unstable genes of drosophila virilis. | | 1943 | 16578075 |
| plant carnivory beyond bogs: reliance on prey feeding in drosophyllum lusitanicum (drosophyllaceae) in dry mediterranean heathland habitats. | in a cost-benefit framework, plant carnivory is hypothesized to be an adaptation to nutrient-poor soils in sunny, wetland habitats. however, apparent exceptions to this cost-benefit model exist, although they have been rarely studied. one of these exceptions is the carnivorous subshrub drosophyllum lusitanicum, which thrives in mediterranean heathlands on dry sandstone soils and has relatively well-developed, xeromorphic roots. here, the roles of leaf (carnivory) and root (soil) nutrient uptake ... | 2017 | 28065921 |
| acoustic duetting in drosophila virilis relies on the integration of auditory and tactile signals. | many animal species, including insects, are capable of acoustic duetting, a complex social behavior in which males and females tightly control the rate and timing of their courtship song syllables relative to each other. the mechanisms underlying duetting remain largely unknown across model systems. most studies of duetting focus exclusively on acoustic interactions, but the use of multisensory cues should aid in coordinating behavior between individuals. to test this hypothesis, we develop dros ... | 2015 | 26046297 |
| a single gene causes an interspecific difference in pigmentation in drosophila. | the genetic basis of species differences remains understudied. studies in insects have contributed significantly to our understanding of morphological evolution. pigmentation traits in particular have received a great deal of attention and several genes in the insect pigmentation pathway have been implicated in inter- and intraspecific differences. nonetheless, much remains unknown about many of the genes in this pathway and their potential role in understudied taxa. here we genetically analyze ... | 2015 | 25769982 |
| [species-specific localization of dna from pericentromeric heterochromatin on polytene chromosomes in the salivary gland cells and 3d-nuclear organization nurse cells in drosophila virilis, and drosophila kanekoi (diptera: drosophilidae)]. | microdissection of the chromocenter of d. virilis salivary gland polytene chromosomes has been carried out and the region-specific. dna library (dviriii) has been obtained. fish was used for dviriii hybridization with salivary gland polytene chromosomes and ovarian nurse cells of d. virilis and d. kanekoi. localization of dviriii in the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes and in the telomeric region of chromosome 5 was observed in both species. moreover, species specificity in the localizatio ... | 2014 | 25739282 |
| specific features in linear and spatial organizations of pericentromeric heterochromatin regions in polytene chromosomes of the closely related species drosophila virilis and d. kanekoi (diptera: drosophilidae). | heterochromatin plays an important role in the spatial arrangement and evolution of the eukaryotic genetic apparatus. the closely related species drosophila virilis (phyla virilis) and d. kanekoi (phyla montana) differ in the amount of heterochromatin along the chromosomes as well as by the presence of the metacentric chromosome 2, which emerged as a result of a pericentric inversion during speciation, in the d. kanekoi karyotype. the purpose of this study was to establish if chromosome rearrang ... | 2015 | 25721230 |
| a conserved long noncoding rna affects sleep behavior in drosophila. | metazoan genomes encode an abundant collection of mrna-like, long noncoding (lnc)rnas. although lncrnas greatly expand the transcriptional repertoire, we have a limited understanding of how these rnas contribute to developmental regulation. here, we investigate the function of the drosophila lncrna called yellow-achaete intergenic rna (yar). comparative sequence analyses show that the yar gene is conserved in drosophila species representing 40-60 million years of evolution, with one of the conse ... | 2011 | 21775470 |
| resolving the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the drosophila virilis group using multilocus data. | the drosophila virilis group is one of the major lineages of drosophila previously recognised and it has been used as a model for different types of studies. it comprises 13 species whose phylogenetic relationships are not well resolved. in the present study, six nuclear genes (adh, fused, gpdh, nona, cg9631 and cg7219) and the mitochondrial ribosomal rna genes (12s-16s) have been used to estimate the evolutionary tree of the group using different methods of phylogenetic reconstruction. differen ... | 2011 | 21571080 |
| multiple genes cause postmating prezygotic reproductive isolation in the drosophila virilis group. | understanding the genetic basis of speciation is a central problem in evolutionary biology. studies of reproductive isolation have provided several insights into the genetic causes of speciation, especially in taxa that lend themselves to detailed genetic scrutiny. reproductive barriers have usually been divided into those that occur before zygote formation (prezygotic) and after (postzygotic), with the latter receiving a great deal of attention over several decades. reproductive barriers that o ... | 2016 | 27729433 |
| a transgenerational process defines pirna biogenesis in drosophila virilis. | piwi-interacting (pi)rnas repress diverse transposable elements in germ cells of metazoa and are essential for fertility in both invertebrates and vertebrates. the precursors of pirnas are transcribed from distinct genomic regions, the so-called pirna clusters; however, how pirna clusters are differentiated from the rest of the genome is not known. to address this question, we studied pirna biogenesis in two d. virilis strains that show differential ability to generate pirnas from several genomi ... | 2014 | 25199836 |
| gonadotropins regulate tyrosine hydroxylase activity in drosophila virilis. | | 2013 | 19230379 |
| gonadotropins affect tyrosine decarboxylase activity in drosophila virilis. | | 2013 | 18853763 |
| how consistent are the transcriptome changes associated with cold acclimation in two species of the drosophila virilis group? | for many organisms the ability to cold acclimate with the onset of seasonal cold has major implications for their fitness. in insects, where this ability is widespread, the physiological changes associated with increased cold tolerance have been well studied. despite this, little work has been done to trace changes in gene expression during cold acclimation that lead to an increase in cold tolerance. we used an rna-seq approach to investigate this in two species of the drosophila virilis group. ... | 2015 | 25669607 |
| [structural and functional analysis of the representatives of a new class of retroelements in drosophila species]. | various copies of mobile element penelope previously described in drosophila virilis have been investigated in different strains of d. virilis and transgenic strains of d. melanogaster transformed by p-based constructs containing full-size copy of penelope. it has been demonstrated that most of penelope copies in both species carry large terminal inverted repeats (tir) and contain deletions of various size at their 5'end of orf. junctions between tir and orf usually carry microhomology of variou ... | 2009 | 19425503 |
| juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone regulate n-acetyltransferase activity in drosophila virilis. | | 2007 | 18064820 |
| microsatellite-based species identification method for drosophila virilis group species. | species of the d. virilis group are widely used in evolutionary research, but the individuals of different species are difficult to distinguish from each other morphologically. we constructed a fast and easy microsatellite-based identification method for the species of the group occurring sympatrically in northern europe. the neighbor joining tree based on 14 microsatellite loci also gave a good resolution of the species divergence pattern in the whole group. | 2007 | 18031356 |
| the genetics of postmating, prezygotic reproductive isolation between drosophila virilis and d. americana. | many studies have demonstrated the rapid diversification of reproductive genes that function after mating but before fertilization. this process might lead to the evolution of postmating, prezygotic barriers between species. here, i investigate the phenotypic and genetic basis of postmating, prezygotic isolation between two closely related species of drosophila, drosophila virilis and d. americana. i show that a strong barrier to interspecific fertilization results in a 99% reduction in progeny ... | 2010 | 19917764 |
| a microsatellite linkage map for drosophila montana shows large variation in recombination rates, and a courtship song trait maps to an area of low recombination. | current advances in genetic analysis are opening up our knowledge of the genetics of species differences, but challenges remain, particularly for out-bred natural populations. we constructed a microsatellite-based linkage map for two out-bred lines of drosophila montana derived from divergent populations by taking advantage of the drosophila virilis genome and available cytological maps of both species. although the placement of markers was quite consistent with cytological predictions, the map ... | 2010 | 20040000 |
| gonadotropins influence alkaline phosphatase activity in drosophila virilis. | | 2007 | 17695320 |
| the extent of variation in male song, wing and genital characters among allopatric drosophila montana populations. | drosophila montana, a species of the drosophila virilis group, has distributed around the northern hemisphere. phylogeographic analyses of two north american and one eurasian population of this species offer a good background for the studies on the extent of variation in phenotypic traits between populations as well as for tracing the selection pressures likely to play a role in character divergence. in the present paper, we studied variation in the male courtship song, wing and genital characte ... | 2007 | 17584251 |
| simple y-autosomal incompatibilities cause hybrid male sterility in reciprocal crosses between drosophila virilis and d. americana. | postzygotic reproductive isolation evolves when hybrid incompatibilities accumulate between diverging populations. here, i examine the genetic basis of hybrid male sterility between two species of drosophila, drosophila virilis and d. americana. from these analyses, i reach several conclusions. first, neither species carries any autosomal dominant hybrid male sterility alleles: reciprocal f(1) hybrid males are perfectly fertile. second, later generation (backcross and f(2)) hybrid male sterility ... | 2010 | 20048051 |
| [morphologic and molecular manifestations of hybrid dysgenesis in ontogenesis of drosophila virilis]. | disorders of germ track cell development that take place in crossbreeding of certain lines of drosophila virilis and lead to hybrid dysgenesis (hd) syndrome have been studied. polar cells and germ line cells were identified with specific antibodies against vasa protein. it has been shown that abnormalities of formation of primary gonads takes place already at the 11-12 stage of embryo development and the consequences of germ line cell death lead to disorders of gonad development at the following ... | 2011 | 21268367 |
| expression of drosophila virilis retroelements and role of small rnas in their intrastrain transposition. | transposition of two retroelements (ulysses and penelope) mobilized in the course of hybrid dysgenesis in drosophila virilis has been investigated by in situ hybridization on polytene chromosomes in two d. virilis strains of different cytotypes routinely used to get dysgenic progeny. the analysis has been repeatedly performed over the last two decades, and has revealed transpositions of penelope in one of the strains, while, in the other strain, the ltr-containing element ulysses was found to be ... | 2011 | 21779346 |
| [localization of the dras1 sequence to polytene chromosomes in sibling species of the drosophila virilis group]. | drasl gene was mapped by in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes of several sibling species of the drosophila virilis group and hybrids between them. a 1037 bp fragment of the drasl gene of the d. virilis genome was used as a probe. the gene sequence is localized to the region of the disk 25 a-b on the chromosome 2 of the polytene chromosome map of d. virilis. | 2011 | 21870508 |
| cold tolerance and cold-induced modulation of gene expression in two drosophila virilis group species with different distributions. | the importance of high and low temperature tolerance in adaptation to changing environmental conditions has evoked new interest in modulations in gene expression and metabolism linked with stress tolerance. we investigated the effects of rapid cold hardening and cold acclimatization on the chill coma recovery times of two drosophila virilis group species, drosophila montana and d. virilis, with different distributions and utilized a candidate gene approach to trace changes in their gene expressi ... | 2012 | 22122733 |
| the evolutionary history of the transposable element penelope in the drosophila virilis group of species. | we have used phylogenetic techniques to study the evolutionary history of the penelope transposable element in the drosophila virilis species group. two divergent types of penelope have been detected, one previously described, clade i, and a new one which we have termed clade iii. the phylogeny of some copies of the penelope clade i element was partially consistent with the species phylogeny of the d. montana subphylad, suggesting cospeciation and allowing the estimation of the evolutionary rate ... | 2006 | 16830099 |
| dopamine affects the level of 20-hydroxyecdysone in drosophila virilis females. | | 2016 | 16739488 |
| the role of vertical and horizontal transfer in the evolution of paris-like elements in drosophilid species. | the transposable element (te) paris was described in a drosophila virilis strain (virilis species group) as causing a hybrid dysgenesis with other mobile genetic elements. since then, the element paris has only been found in d. buzzatii, a species from the repleta group. in this study, we performed a search for paris-like elements in 56 species of drosophilids to improve the knowledge about the distribution and evolution of this element. paris-like elements were found in 30 species from the dros ... | 2011 | 22527689 |
| identification of two penelope-like elements with different structures and chromosome localization in kuruma shrimp genome. | penelope, originally found as a key element responsible for the hybrid dysgenesis in drosophila virilis, has been widely conserved throughout eukaryotic genomes. in other organisms, they are often referred to as penelope-like elements or ples. in this study, we found two types of ples, designated mjple01 and mjple02, from kuruma shrimp, marsupenaeus japonicus. there was no observed nucleotide similarity between mjple01 and 02, and both elements differed from each other in terms of their structur ... | 2013 | 22825394 |
| evolution and dynamics of small rna response to a retroelement invasion in drosophila. | although small rnas efficiently control transposition activity of most transposons in the host genome, such an immune system is not always applicable against a new transposon's invasions. here, we explored a possibility to introduce potentially mobile copy of the penelope retroelement previously implicated in hybrid dysgenesis syndrome in drosophila virilis into the genomes of two distant drosophila species. the consequences of such introduction were monitored at different phases after experimen ... | 2013 | 23079419 |
| efficient identification of y chromosome sequences in the human and drosophila genomes. | notwithstanding their biological importance, y chromosomes remain poorly known in most species. a major obstacle to their study is the identification of y chromosome sequences; due to its high content of repetitive dna, in most genome projects, the y chromosome sequence is fragmented into a large number of small, unmapped scaffolds. identification of y-linked genes among these fragments has yielded important insights about the origin and evolution of y chromosomes, but the process is labor inten ... | 2013 | 23921660 |
| medium-sized tandem repeats represent an abundant component of the drosophila virilis genome. | previously, we developed a simple method for carrying out a restriction enzyme analysis of eukaryotic dna in silico, based on the known dna sequences of the genomes. this method allows the user to calculate lengths of all dna fragments that are formed after a whole genome is digested at the theoretical recognition sites of a given restriction enzyme. a comparison of the observed peaks in distribution diagrams with the results from dna cleavage using several restriction enzymes performed in vitro ... | 2013 | 24209985 |
| cuticular hydrocarbons of drosophila montana: geographic variation, sexual dimorphism and potential roles as pheromones. | sexual selection within populations can play an important role in speciation when divergence in mating signals and their corresponding preferences occur along different coevolutionary trajectories in different populations. in insects, one potential target of sexual selection is the blend of cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs), which often show intra- and interspecific variation, sexual dimorphism and may act as pheromones. in drosophila montana, a cold-adapted, circumboreal member of the drosophila vi ... | 2014 | 24373710 |
| ontogenetic consequences of dysgenic crosses in drosophila virilis. | hybrid dysgenesis (hd) syndrome in drosophila virilis presumably results from the mobilization of several unrelated mobile genetic elements in dysgenic hybrids. morphogenetic events during oogenesis and spermatogenesis were investigated in detail in the progeny of d. virilis dysgenic crosses. using germ-cell specific anti-vasa staining, we monitored the fate of germline cells at different ontogenetic stages in strains of d. virilis and their hybrids. anti-vasa staining indicated that the major l ... | 2013 | 24395561 |
| patterns of molecular evolution of the germ line specification gene oskar suggest that a novel domain may contribute to functional divergence in drosophila. | in several metazoans including flies of the genus drosophila, germ line specification occurs through the inheritance of maternally deposited cytoplasmic determinants, collectively called germ plasm. the novel insect gene oskar is at the top of the drosophila germ line specification pathway, and also plays an important role in posterior patterning. a novel n-terminal domain of oskar (the long oskar domain) evolved in drosophilids, but the role of this domain in oskar functional evolution is unkno ... | 2014 | 24407548 |
| [juvenile hormone controls egg laying and fertility in drosophila virilis during starvation]. | degradation of juvenile hormone and reproductive function during starvation and experimental increase of the juvenile hormone titer were studied in wild type and mutant d. virilis females incapable to respond to heat stress by changes in juvenile hormone metabolism and fertility. after 24-hour starvation, the females of both lines were characterized by a decreased level of juvenile hormone degradation, 24-hour delay of egg laying, increased egg laying within 3 h after the termination of starvati ... | 2006 | 15624776 |
| [novel miniature-like m42 mutant of drosophila virilis. unusual microstructure of wing fibres]. | distinctive defects of cuticular wing vein microstructure in drosophila virilis miniature-like m42 allele and the possible role of m42 locus in cytoskeleton reorganization during of wing morphogenesis are discussed. | 2015 | 15619989 |
| [dominance status of shape of male genitalia in interspecific crosses of some drosophila virilis group species]. | the heritability of the shape of the main species-specific morphological trait for the drosophila virilis group--the male mating organ has been analyzed using the hybrid males d. virilis x d. lummei and d. virilis x d. novamexicana. the results suggest an increase in the share of the characters with a recessive status in the evolutionarily younger species and demonstrate the role of sex chromosomes in the implementation of a dominant or recessive status of the trait. the roles of additive and ep ... | 2013 | 24450191 |
| [transfer of mitochondrial dna to nuclear genome of cells of passaged cell line of drosophila virilis]. | the variability of the chromosomal fragments of the atp6 mitochondrial gene, which is integrated into chromosomal dna in the lines of flies of different geographic origins and in the passaged cell lines of d. virilis has been analyzed. we did not reveal any nucleotide variability in this dna marker among the studied fly lines. this result is consistent with the proposition that the d. virilis species is monomorphic. the new fragments of the atp6 gene that are associated with the insertions of th ... | 2013 | 24450203 |
| whole genome sequencing in drosophila virilis identifies polyphemus, a recently activated tc1-like transposon with a possible role in hybrid dysgenesis. | hybrid dysgenic syndromes in drosophila have been critical for characterizing host mechanisms of transposable element (te) regulation. this is because a common feature of hybrid dysgenesis is germline te mobilization that occurs when paternally inherited tes are not matched with a maternal pool of silencing rnas that maintain transgenerational te control. in the face of this imbalance tes become activated in the germline and can cause f1 sterility. the syndrome of hybrid dysgenesis in drosophila ... | 2014 | 24555450 |
| tetris is a foldback transposon that provided the building blocks for an emerging satellite dna of drosophila virilis. | transposable elements (tes) and satellite dnas (satdnas) are abundant components of most eukaryotic genomes studied so far and their impact on evolution has been the focus of several studies. a number of studies linked tes with satdnas, but the nature of their evolutionary relationships remains unclear. during in silico analyses of the drosophila virilis assembled genome, we found a novel dna transposon we named tetris based on its modular structure and diversity of rearranged forms. we aimed to ... | 2014 | 24858539 |
| potential steps in the evolution of a fused trimeric all-β dutpase involve a catalytically competent fused dimeric intermediate. | deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dutpase) is essential for genome integrity. interestingly, this enzyme from drosophila virilis has an unusual form, as three monomer repeats are merged with short linker sequences, yielding a fused trimer-like dutpase fold. unlike homotrimeric dutpases that are encoded by a single repeat dut gene copy, the three repeats of the d. virilis dut gene are not identical due to several point mutations. we investigated the potential evolutionary pathway ... | 2016 | 27380921 |
| discrepancy in divergence of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of drosophila teissieri and drosophila yakuba. | restriction sites were compared in the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecules from representatives of two closely related species of fruit flies: nine strains of drosophila teissieri and eight strains of drosophila yakuba. nucleotide diversities among d. teissieri strains and among d. yakuba strains were 0.07% and 0.03%, respectively, and the nucleotide distance between the species was 0.22%. also determined was the nucleotide sequence of a 2305-nucleotide pair (ntp) segment of the mtdna molecule o ... | 1990 | 2115928 |
| [5-methylcytosine is lacking in the dna of drosophila melanogaster and drosophila virilis]. | | 1984 | 6432506 |
| evoluation of drosophila mitochondrial dnas. analysis of heteroduplex molecules. | we have mapped the single block of non-homologous sequences and measured the extent and distribution of base-pair substitutions within the homologous sequences in drosophila melanogaster: drosophila virilis heteroduplex mitochondrial dnas (mtdnas). of the 4.8 kilobases long, unusually (a + t)-rich region in d. melanogaster mtdna, only 0.5 kilobases can react with related, but not identical sequences in d. virilis mtdna, while the rest (4.3 kilobases in the long arm of a heteroduplex loop) is rep ... | 1979 | 114222 |
| the role of juvenile hormone in the control of reproductive function in drosophila virilis under nutritional stress. | to investigate the role of juvenile hormone (jh) in the control of drosophila reproduction under stress, jh degradation and reproduction were studied under nutritional stress and jh treatment in drosophila virilis females of wild type (wt) and a heat stress (hs) mutant: this mutant does not respond to heat stress by alterations in jh metabolism and has decreased jh level and fertility under normal conditions. one day of starvation results in a decrease of jh degradation, a delay in oocyte matura ... | 2004 | 15081825 |
| [morphometric analysis of male genitalia in sibling species of drosophila virilis sturt]. | the structure of male genital organs in sibling species of the virilis group of drosophila was examined using methods of multivariate statistics. the differences among these species were estimated using 33 indices and 2 angle parameters. the intraspecific and interspecific correlation structure of the examined characters and the order of their divergence were established. the key characters with respect to forming interspecific differences in the virilis species group were identified. based on t ... | 2004 | 15065425 |
| purification and enzyme stability of alcohol dehydrogenase from drosophila simulans, drosophila virilis and drosophila melanogaster adhs. | three alcohol dehydrogenases from drosophila simulans, drosophila virillis and drosophila melanogaster adhs (which possesses an alloenzyme with slow electrophoretic mobility) were purified essentially to homogeneity. the purification procedure involves a new step of affinity chromatography, which efficiently lowers the amount of contaminants in the final preparation, producing a very stable enzyme. the purification procedure developed consists of a salmine sulphate precipitation, two cm-sepharos ... | 1980 | 6779810 |
| [comparative analysis of hsp70 gene cluster in drosophila virilis species group]. | we cloned and sequenced one of drosophila montana hsp70 genes. 3'-flanking region of this particular copy contains fragment of sgm mobile element. previously this element was found within hsp70 3'-flanking region of other species of the virilis species group namely d. virilis and d. lummei. we have described reorganization of hsp70 gene cluster in one of d. virilis strains involving full-length sgm. our data enable one to suggest evolutionary conservatism of sgm localization within hsp70 gene cl ... | 2009 | 19334525 |
| variation in male courtship song traits in drosophila virilis: the effects of selection and drift on song divergence at the intraspecific level. | genetic and phenotypic divergence of drosophila virilis laboratory strains originating from different parts of the species range were studied with the aid of microsatellite markers and by analysing male courtship songs. the strains from america, europe, continental asia and japan showed moderate geographic clustering both at the genetic level and in several traits of the male song. the genetic distances and the song divergence of the strains did not show significant association, which suggests t ... | 2008 | 17990093 |
| molecular cloning, sequencing and alternative splicing of the acid phosphatase (acph) gene from drosophila virilis. | the acph gene of drosophila virilis was isolated from a genomic library and sequenced. the gene was organized into 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns. 5' and 3' race identified 3 transcripts ascribed to alternative splicing. one of them coded for 435 amino acid residues; and the others, for 403 amino acids. the shorter ones lacked 34 residues at the c-terminus end encoded by exon 6, which has been implicated in anchoring the protein to the lysosomal membrane. | 2003 | 12825355 |
| [ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity in drosophila virilis strains varying in ecdysteroid response to heat stress]. | the effect of various duration of heat stress (38 degrees c) on the activity of ecdysone 20-monooxygenase converting ecdysone into 20-hydroxyecdysone has been studied in d. virilis of wild type and mutant strain females, which differ by the mode of heat stress response of ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone. we are the first to show that heat stress induces activity of ecdysone 20-monooxygenase in drosophila females and enzyme activity correlates with the level of 20-hydroxyecdysone. | 2007 | 17899820 |
| genetic analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons and their effect on courtship in drosophila virilis and d. lummei. | genetical factors controlling the cuticular hydrocarbons (chc) of drosophila virilis and d. lummei, and the effect of chc on female attractivity were studied. a strong sexual dimorphism was found in d. virilis where (z)-10-heneicosene and (z)-11-pentacosene were major chc for males and females, respectively. in d. lummei, (z)-9-pentacosene was the major chc for both sexes. these chc are under a complex genetical control: the level of male (z)-10-heneicosene was mainly sex-linked; chromosome 2 ex ... | 2007 | 17557202 |
| dopamine and octopamine regulate 20-hydroxyecdysone level in vivo in drosophila. | the effects of increased level of dopamine (da) (feeding flies with da precursor, l-dihydroxyphenylalanine, l-dopa) on the level of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) and on juvenile hormone (jh) metabolism in young (2-day-old) wild type females (the strain wt) of drosophila virilis have been studied. feeding the flies with l-dopa increased da content by a factor of 2.5, and led to a considerable increase in 20e level and a decrease of jh degradation (an increase in jh level). we have also measured the le ... | 2007 | 17523172 |
| retroelements containing introns in diverse invertebrate taxa. | we report that two structurally similar transposable elements containing reverse transcriptase (rt), penelope in drosophila virilis and athena in bdelloid rotifers, have proliferated as copies containing introns. the ability of penelope-like elements (ples) to retain introns, their separate phylogenetic placement and their peculiar structural features make them a novel class of eukaryotic retroelements. | 2003 | 12524543 |
| organization, sequence, and phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal protein s3 gene from drosophila virilis. | ribosomal protein s3 (rps3) is a multifunctional ribosomal protein: it is a structural and functional component of the ribosome, and also a dna repair enzyme involved in the dna base excision repair pathway. here we cloned and characterized the genomic organization of the ribosomal protein s3 gene (rps3) homolog in drosophila virilis. we then compared gene structure and protein sequences of rps3 from vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. these comparisons revealed that rps3 genes from plants t ... | 2002 | 12234676 |
| in situ hybridisation analysis of the x-linked genes in the species of the virilis group of drosophila. | when estimating the level of dna sequence variation within and between populations or when planning qtl analysis, it is essential to know the location of the genes under study. in the present work, five x chromosomal genes, earlier localised in drosophila virilis and d. littoralis, were mapped by in situ hybridisation on the larval polytene chromosomes of four other virilis group species, d. a. americana, d. flavomontana, d. lacicola and d. montana. conjugation of x chromosomes of the most inter ... | 2002 | 11990762 |
| two divergent species of the virilis group, drosophila littoralis and drosophila virilis, share a replacement polymorphism at the fused locus. | | 2002 | 11919301 |
| [a rapd fingerprinting of sibling species of the drosophila virilis group]. | a comparative analysis of the sibling species of drosophila virilis was performed by rapd-pcr technique using a set of random primers. the degree of relatedness was studied by cluster analysis (upgma) and multi-dimensional scaling. the resulting pattern of species relationships contradicts the classical taxonomy. the main result of the cluster analysis is that d. virilis does not cluster with the remaining three species of its phylad, while according to multidimensional scaling, d. virilis is eq ... | 2007 | 17333946 |
| apoptosis and autophagy function cooperatively for the efficacious execution of programmed nurse cell death during drosophila virilis oogenesis. | programmed cell death consists of two major types, apoptotic and autophagic, both of which are mainly defined by morphological criteria. our findings indicate that both types of programmed cell death occur in the ovarian nurse cells during middle- and late-oogenesis of drosophila virilis. during mid-oogenesis, the spontaneously degenerated egg chambers exhibit typical characteristics of apoptotic cell death. their nurse cells contain condensed chromatin and fragmented dna, whereas active caspase ... | 2007 | 17183224 |
| [the dopamine system stress reaction in adults of drosophila virilis is controlled by genes of chromosome 6]. | a linkage group of the gene responsible for changes of da titer under stress in adults of d. virilis was determined. line 160 of d. virilis, all autosomes of which bear visible recessive mutations, was used as an analyzer. flies of lines 160 and 147 were shown to differ in da content under normal conditions and in the way da metabolic system reacts to stress. among the offspring of the analyzing cross, groups of flies were found with one testable autosome from line 147 and all other chromosomes ... | 2013 | 11589047 |
| mechanisms of programmed cell death during oogenesis in drosophila virilis. | we describe the features of programmed cell death occurring in the egg chambers of drosophila virilis during mid-oogenesis and late oogenesis. during mid-oogenesis, the spontaneously degenerating egg chambers exhibit typical characteristics of apoptotic cell death. as revealed by propidium iodide, rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin staining, and the tunel assay, respectively, the nurse cells contain condensed chromatin, altered actin cytoskeleton, and fragmented dna. in vitro caspase activity assay ... | 2007 | 17004067 |
| molecular phylogeny of the drosophila virilis section (diptera: drosophilidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences. | regardless of the well-documented virilis species group, most groups of the drosophila virilis section have not been completely studied at molecular level since it was suggested. therefore, phylogenetic relationships among and within species groups of the virilis section are generally unknown. in present paper, the complete mitochondrial nd2 gene and fragment of coi gene in combination with a nuclear gene, adh coding region, were used to derive the most extensive molecular phylogeny to date for ... | 2006 | 16678448 |
| [problems of studying the genetic background of speciation as examplified by drosophila virilis group]. | possible ways of studying the genetic bases of speciation have been shown on the example of published data and authors' results. the data were used, which were obtained on different drosophila species. possible application of mapping by localization of the gene of quantitative traits and genetic transformation for solution of the problems of speciation is discussed. | 2015 | 16245566 |
| [variation of 3'-terminal fragment of 16s rrna gene in closely related species of drosophila virilis group]. | primary sequence of 3-terminal fragment of the mitochondrial 16s rrna gene has been determined in 12 drosophila species of the virilis group. the functionally important elements in secondary structure of the rna product were defined. the region corresponding to the peptidyltransferase center has been localized. variation of the 3'-terminal region of 16s rrna gene has been described in 12 species of the virilis group. phylogeny of the drosophila virilis species group is discussed. | 2005 | 16161625 |
| penelope-like elements--a new class of retroelements: distribution, function and possible evolutionary significance. | here we describe a new class of retroelements termed ple (penelope-like elements). the only transpositionally active representative of this lineage found so far has been isolated from drosophila virilis. this element, penelope, is responsible for the hybrid dysgenesis syndrome in this species, characterized by simultaneous mobilization of several unrelated te families in the progeny of dysgenic crosses. several lines of evidence favor the hypothesis of recent penelope invasion into d. virilis. m ... | 2005 | 16093704 |
| biogenic amines in drosophila virilis under stress conditions. | the effect of heat stress (38 degrees c) on the content of dl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine (dopa), dopamine, tyramine, octopamine, and their precursor tyr was studied in adults of two lines of drosophila virilis contrasting in their stress response. in individuals of line 101 responding to stress by a hormonal stress reaction, the contents of dopa, dopamine, octopamine, and tyr were lower than those of line 147 that did not respond to the stress. however, heat stress caused an increase in t ... | 2000 | 11210126 |
| experimental decrease in dopamine level dramatically decreases drosophila virilis fitness. | | 2016 | 16003876 |
| effects of dopamine on juvenile hormone metabolism and fitness in drosophila virilis. | the effects of dopamine (da) on juvenile hormone (jh) metabolism and fitness (estimated as fecundity and viability levels under heat stress (38 degrees c)) in drosophila virilis have been studied. an increase of da level obtained by feeding with da reduced fitness of wild-type (wt) flies under stress, and decreased jh degradation in young wt females while increasing it in sexually mature wt females. a decrease in da levels resulted from 3-iodo-tyrosine treatment and caused a decrease in jh degra ... | 2005 | 15967456 |
| [genetic characteristics of the wing mutation odd(22) and its interaction with alleles of the delta locus in drosophila virilis]. | the dominant sex-linked semilethal mutation odd22 was isolated from progeny of a dysgenic cross of drosophila virilis lines. flies homozygous, heterozygous, and hemizygous for odd22 displayed multiple wing defects, including enlargements and gaps on the veins; irregularly thickened, branched, shortened, or completely reduced veins; and cuts on the wing margin. the most remarkable feature of the odd22 expression was a combination of both an increase and a reduction of the wing vein material simul ... | 2000 | 11033775 |
| juvenile hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and dopamine interaction in drosophila virilis reproduction under normal and nutritional stress conditions. | to elucidate the role of the juvenile hormone (jh) in the control of drosophila reproduction under stress, jh degradation, dopamine (da) content and reproduction were studied upon 20e treatment in drosophila virilis females of wild type (wt) and a mutant, with increased 20e level and decreased fertility, under normal and nutritional stress conditions. 20e treatment of wt flies for 7 days results in an increase of da content in young females, but a decrease in mature females, a decrease of jh deg ... | 2005 | 15890185 |
| the retrotransposon tv1 forms infectious virus-like particles in some lines of drosophila virilis. | | 2005 | 15846990 |
| a genealogical view of chromosomal evolution and species delimitation in the drosophila virilis species subgroup. | chromosomal arrangement was a historically important character used for defining taxonomic boundaries. the drosophila virilis species group exhibits a series of chromosomal rearrangements, and the resulting differences among karyotypes were primary characters originally used to define taxa within the group. however, some chromosomally divergent forms have not been sufficiently resolved in phylogenetic reconstructions of dna sequences from several nuclear genes. sequences of mitochondrial regions ... | 2004 | 15522794 |
| evolution and arrangement of the hsp70 gene cluster in two closely related species of the virilis group of drosophila. | to investigate the genetic basis of differing thermotolerance in the closely related species drosophila virilis and drosophila lummei, which replace one another along a latitudinal cline, we characterized the hsp70 gene cluster in multiple strains of both species. in both species, all hsp70 copies cluster in a single chromosomal locus, 29c1, and each cluster includes two hsp70 genes arranged as an inverted pair, the ancestral condition. the total number of hsp70 copies is maximally seven in the ... | 2004 | 15480729 |
| inheritance of species differences in female receptivity and song requirement between drosophila virilis and d. montana. | females of two drosophila virilis group species, d. virilis and d. montana, have different requirements for the courting males. in the present study we have examined species differences in female receptivity and male courtship song requirement using females' acceptance signal instead of copulation for measuring female readiness to mate. behavior of d. virilis and d. montana females and f1 and backcross hybrid females was observed in a single-pair courtships with d. virilis and d. montana males a ... | 1999 | 10783530 |
| [helical structure revealed upon the beta heterochromatin of polytene chromosome of drosophila virilis]. | by using conventional electron microscopy, beta heterochromatin of polytene chromosome of drosophila virilis was composed of 80-100nm chromonemas. helical structures consisting of the 30nm chromatin fibres were identified in the chromonema. based on these observations, the radial loop model and the multiple coiling model were discussed. | 2002 | 15344321 |
| new unusual miniature-like wing mutation in drosophila virilis. | a new recessive, sex-linked, nonlethal in the homozygote, wing mutation in drosophila virilis was studied using a hybridological assay, light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. the mutants have abnormally small wings; the phenotype is attributed to a cell-autonomous reduction in the size of the epidermal cells of the differentiating wing. the phenotype is also characterized by abnormally oriented wing hairs, wavy wing edge, temperature sensitivity, and some abnormalities in the wi ... | 2004 | 15281056 |
| gypsy group retrotransposon tv1 from drosophila virilis. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 6868 bp full-size retrotransposon termed 'tv1'. tv1 was isolated from the dna fraction of extracellular virus-like particles of drosophila virilis culture cells. tv1 has the typical structure for a gypsy-group retrotransposon. the tv1 element was found to be flanked by 453 bp long terminal direct repeats identical to each other. the central part of the element contains three long open reading frames which resemble the gag, pol and env genes of re ... | 1999 | 10571049 |
| [invasion of a mobile element into wild population of drosophila virilis]. | | 1999 | 10546066 |
| a multilocus microsatellite phylogeny of the drosophila virilis group. | we used a set of 48 polymorphic microsatellites derived from drosophila virilis to infer phylogenetic relationships in the d. virilis clade. consistent with previous studies, d. virilis and d. lummei were the most basal species of the group. within the d. montana phylad, the phylogenetic relationship could not be resolved. special attention was given to the differentiation between d. americana texana, d. americana americana and d. novamexicana. significant differences between these three groups ... | 2004 | 15241464 |
| gene structure of drosophila diaphorase-1: diversity of transcripts in adult males and females, in different organs and at different stages of development. | the gene eg:22e5.5 or cg4199 (accession number o77266, q9w529) from berkeley drosophila genome project (bdgp) was found using the partial amino acid sequences of three tryptic peptides obtained from purified drosophila virilis diaphorase-1. this gene is located on the x chromosome at position 2c9-2c10. the structure of the gene reveals three exons and two long introns. using bdgp, we found six transcripts in this gene. the difference between these transcripts is in their 5' ends; the 3' ends of ... | 2008 | 18776642 |
| [the relationships among the species of the drosophila virilis group inferred from the gene ras1 sequences]. | comparative analysis of a group of closely related drosophila species (d. virilis, d. lummei, d. novamexicana, d. americana texana, d. flavomontana, d. montana, d. borealis, d. lacicola, d. littoralis, d. kanekoi, and d. ezoana) was conducted based on an incomplete sequence of gene ras1. the pattern of the relationships among the species corresponded to that expected from analysis of morphological and cytogenetic characters. statistical data favoring neutrality of the substitutions examined in t ... | 2008 | 18664137 |
| clock-spiking cells not only in the eye of the fly, but also in the antenna! | during the course of single cell olfactory recordings from the funicular part of the antenna of drosophila virilis we encountered a pair of cells firing synchronously and consistently at a rate of about 9 to 14 spikes per second. every spike was seen to consist of a spike complex made up of two separate biphasic components thought to originate from two separate cells. the larger action potential, appearing first, had a peak-to-peak (ptp) amplitude of up to 200 microv followed closely by a smalle ... | 1998 | 9949554 |
| [the unusual mobile element penelope and its behavior in distant drosophila species]. | the retroelement penelope isolated from drosophila virilis has a very unusual structure and codes for reverse transcriptase and an endonuclease belonging to the uvrc type. as shown previously, penelope is a key element in induction of the hybrid dysgenesis syndrome described in d. virilis, which also involves mobilization of several unrelated mobile element families. here we report a successful introduction of penelope into the d. melanogaster genome by p element-mediated transformation. in the ... | 2003 | 12669424 |
| role of x chromosomal song genes in the evolution of species-specific courtship songs in drosophila virilis group species. | in the drosophila virilis group the males of the virilis phylad species produce courtship song consisting of pulse trains with no pauses between successive sound pulses, whereas the males of the montana phylad species produce songs with clear pauses between the sound pulses. we obtained song data for f1 hybrids between d. virilis (representing the virilis phylad) or d. flavomontana (representing the montana phylad) females and the males of several species of the d. virilis group to study the int ... | 2003 | 12645819 |