| water-balance characteristics respond to changes in body size in subantarctic weevils. | several environmental factors leading to size-dependent mortality influence insect body size. few investigations have been concerned with the ways in which the mechanisms underlying variation in water-balance characteristics evolve in response to changes in body size that occur independently of water-balance requirements. using an explicitly phylogenetic analysis, we show how body size has changed over time in the ectemnorhinus group of weevils and how water-balance characteristics have evolved ... | 2003 | 14671711 |
| effective biological control of salvinia molesta in the senegal river by means of the weevil cyrtobagous salviniae. | the invasion of salvinia molesta in the lower senegal river delta in mauritania and senegal in 1999 posed a serious threat to the socioeconomic conditions of the local people as well as to wetland biodiversity. eventually, an effective biological control of s. molesta was obtained by means of the weevil cyrtobagous salviniae, which was introduced in the river in senegal and mauritania in may 2000 and in senegal in april 2001. in october 2001, it became apparent that the weevils were doing a magn ... | 2003 | 14703904 |
| endosymbiont phylogenesis in the dryophthoridae weevils: evidence for bacterial replacement. | intracellular symbiosis is widespread in the insect world where it plays an important role in evolution and adaptation. the weevil family dryophthoridae (curculionoidea) is of particular interest in intracellular symbiosis evolution with regard to the great economical and ecological features of these invasive insects, and the potential for comparative studies across a wide range of host plants and environments. here, we have analyzed the intracellular symbiotic bacteria of 19 dryophthoridae spec ... | 2004 | 14739242 |
| [certain considerations on two cases of dermatitis caused by chickpea weevils]. | | 1951 | 14914658 |
| [experimental infection of body lice and grain weevils with rickettsia conori (tick fever)]. | | 1952 | 14943609 |
| field evaluation of plant odor and pheromonal combinations for attracting plum curculios. | the attractiveness of different synthetic host odors and a synthetic aggregation pheromone (grandisoic acid [ga]) to overwintered adult plum curculios (pcs), conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), was examined using two types of traps (sticky panels and black pyramids) placed in border areas surrounding an unsprayed section of an apple orchard in massachusetts. in 2001, we evaluated the response of pcs to three synthetic fruit volatiles (benzaldehyde [ben], ethyl isovalerat ... | 2003 | 14969360 |
| maturation feeding and reproductive development in adult pine weevil, hylobius abietis (coleoptera: curculionidae). | maturation feeding on conifer bark by newly emerged hylobius abietis(linnaeus) is essential for reproductive development. when feeding occurs on young conifer transplants, this weevil causes significant economic damage. between emergence and oviposition however, weevils feed on bark from different sources but of unknown nutritional 'quality'. the factors influencing the rate of feeding by males and females and female reproductive development were determined in laboratory bioassays using two cont ... | 2004 | 14972053 |
| stored-product insects associated with a retail pet store chain in kansas. | the types and numbers of insect species associated with eight kansas retail stores belonging to a pet store chain were surveyed during february to august 2001. insects were monitored at 1-3-wk intervals using food- and pheromone-baited pitfall traps for beetles and pheromone-baited sticky traps for moths. thirty traps of each type were placed within a store. thirty insect species belonging to 20 families in four orders were recorded from the eight stores. the weevils, sitophilus spp.; indianmeal ... | 2003 | 14977139 |
| boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) bait sticks: toxicity and malathion content. | assays of malathion content and toxicity to boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis bohemian, were conducted on boll weevil bait sticks, now marketed as boll weevil attract and control tubes (bwacts; plato industries, houston, tx). in general, the longer bwacts were in the field, the lower the mortality of weevils that were exposed to them. bioassays of weevil mortality correlated with hexane washes of bwact surfaces showed highly variable mortality when surface malathion fell below approximatel ... | 2003 | 14994795 |
| early-season colonization patterns of the boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) in central texas cotton. | it is commonly believed that colonization of early-season cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., by overwintered boll weevils, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, is concentrated on field margins. however, supporting experimental evidence is not available. in 1999 and 2000, we examined colonization patterns of overwintered boll weevils in central texas cotton on the bases of adult collections by a pneumatic sampler and hand collections of abscised infested squares. samples were taken from sites arranged ... | 2003 | 14994797 |
| evaluation of kill strips on boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) mortality in pheromone traps and impact on weevil escape. | a field study examined the temporal patterns of boll weevil mortality provided by two commercially available kill strips, hercon vaportape ii and plato insecticide strip, and to evaluate the impacts of these devices on weevil escape from traps. both types of kill strips produced similar levels of weevil mortality with the exception of the last two inspection intervals (30 and 46 h after continual exposure to kill strips). at these intervals, the plato strip produced significantly higher mortalit ... | 2003 | 14994800 |
| compensatory response of cranberry to simulated damage by cranberry weevil (anthonomus musculus say) (coleoptera: curculionidae). | cranberry weevil (anthonomus musculus say), a key pest of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon aiton) in massachusetts, deposits eggs in unopened flowers and often severs the flower pedicel from the peduncle. the compensatory response of cranberry to simulated cranberry weevil damage was investigated by severing the pedicel of unopened flowers with scissors. when intensity of damage was varied on the cultivar early black, complete compensation was observed at three of four sites after removal of 33% ... | 2003 | 14994808 |
| efficacy of diatomaceous earth to control internal infestations of rice weevil and maize weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae). | densities of 10, 20, and 30 hard red winter wheat kernels, triticum aestivum l., were infested with different life stages of the rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.), mixed with 35 g of wheat treated with 300 ppm of the protect-it (mississauga, ontario, canada) formulation of diatomaceous earth (de), and held at 22, 27, and 32 degrees c. a similar test was conducted by exposing densities of 6, 12, and 18 corn kernels infested with different life stages of the maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais mots ... | 2003 | 14994822 |
| reproductive development of northern and southern strains of plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae). | laboratory-reared southern and field-collected northern strains of plum curculio, conotrachelles nenuphar (herbst), were sampled to examine the relationship between degree-day (dd) accumulation and female reproductive development, as measured by mating status, oocyte size, and number of oocytes. the overall goal was to generate an objective degree-day model for predicting damage potential that could be applied to various host commodities rather than relying on separate biofix models for each cro ... | 2004 | 14998124 |
| monitoring plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (coleoptera: curculionidae), populations in apple and peach orchards in the mid-atlantic. | we evaluated responses of plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), to four trap types in commercial and unsprayed apple and peach orchards. trap types included black pyramid and clear plexiglas panel traps deployed outside the orchard 2 m from the border row, and branch-mimicking cylinder and trunk-mounted screen traps attached to trees in the border row. bait treatments evaluated in conjunction with each trap type included the synthetic fruit volatile benzaldehyde, the aggregation pherom ... | 2004 | 14998130 |
| temporal dynamics of otiorhynchus schlaeflini (coleoptera: curculionidae) adults and damage assessment on two wine grape cultivars. | the nocturnal temporal dynamics of adults of otiorhynchus schlaeflini stierlin on wine grape vitis vinifelra l. 'rhoditis' and 'mavroudi' were studied in the western peloponnese during spring 1993 and 1994. the maximum number of adults was recorded approximately 3 h after sunset. emergence began on 13 march 1993 and 19 march 1994; the population peaked on 24 and 16 april in each year, respectively. low numbers of adults were found during daytime observations in may. the length and the number of ... | 2004 | 15002401 |
| a waveguide irradiation chamber for destruction of red palm weevils (rhynchophorus ferrugineus) inside a block sample of a palm tree trunk. | a simple waveguide irradiation chamber at 2.45 ghz. was locally constructed for controlled laboratory experiments to assess the potentiality of using microwave heating for irradiation of weevils (rpw) inside healthy and infected palm tree trunks. the chamber consists of an aluminum rectangular waveguide with one of its broad sides removed for easy insertion of the block samples of the palm tree trunk. a rectangular aluminum plate, with the same dimensions as the removed wall section was made to ... | 2003 | 15007867 |
| effects of burial and soil condition on postharvest mortality of boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) in fallen cotton fruit. | effects of soil condition and burial on boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, mortality in fallen cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fruit were assessed in this study. during hot weather immediately after summer harvest operations in the lower rio grande valley of texas, burial of infested fruit in conventionally tilled field plots permitted significantly greater survival of weevils than in no-tillage plots. burial of infested squares protected developing weevils from heat and desiccation ... | 2004 | 15154462 |
| deterrent effects of four neem-based formulations on gravid female boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) feeding and oviposition on cotton squares. | three commercial neem-based insecticides, agroneem, ecozin, and neemix, and a neem seed extract formulation, bitters, containing 1,036, 16,506, 471, and 223 microg/ml azadirachtin, respectively, were assessed for feeding and oviposition deterrence against gravid female boll weevils, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, in the laboratory. in choice assays, excised cotton squares dipped in the separate formulations were first physically contacted by the weevils' tarsi or antennae fewer times than n ... | 2004 | 15154463 |
| comparison of a sprayable pheromone formulation and two hand-applied pheromone dispensers foruse in the integrated control of oriental fruit moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | the efficacy of integrated programs using a sprayable pheromone formulation or one of two hand-applied pheromone dispensers, and a conventional oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) control program, was compared using 4-5-ha blocks of peach orchard at three niagara peninsula farms during 2000-2002. in the integrated programs, chlorpyrifos and mating disruption with 3m sprayable pheromone, isomate ofm rosso, or rak 5 hand-applied dispensers were used to contro ... | 2004 | 15154471 |
| 3 using odor-baited trap trees as sentinels to monitor plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) in apple orchards. | in commercial orchards in massachusetts in 2003, we conducted experiments aimed at developing guidelines for use of perimeter-row trap trees baited with grandisoic acid plus benzaldehyde as sentinels in a practical approach to determining need and timing of insecticide applications against overwintered plum curculios, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst). evaluations were based on percentages of sampled fruit injured by plum curculio. trap trees baited with grandisoic acid released at approximately 1 ... | 2004 | 15154475 |
| allozyme markers to help define the south american origins of microctonus hyperodae (hymenoptera: braconidae) established in new zealand for biological control of argentine stem weevil. | the thelytokous parasitoid, microctonus hyperodae loan, was collected from eight south american locations and introduced to new zealand in 1991 for biological control of argentine stem weevil, listronotus bonariensis (kuschel) (coleoptera: curculionidae). parasitoids from each population were released in equal numbers at each new zealand site to give them the same opportunities to establish. population markers have been sought to identify the south american geographic populations that have becom ... | 2004 | 15191624 |
| c-bands on chromosomes of 32 beetle species (coleoptera: elateridae, cantharidae, oedemeridae, cerambycidae, anthicidae, chrysomelidae, attelabidae and curculionidae). | c-banding patterns of 32 beetle species from the families elateridae, cantharidae, oedemeridae, cerambycidae, anthicidae, chrysomelidae, attelabidae and curculionidae were studied using the c-banding technique. mitotic and meiotic chromosomes were previously described for 14 species. from among 18 species that had never been cytogenetically studied, we determined the diploid and haploid chromosome numbers and the sex determination system for 12 beetles. the karyotype for 6 species is not describ ... | 2004 | 15198705 |
| molecular cloning of a cysteine proteinase cdna from the cotton boll weevil anthonomus grandis (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis) causes severe cotton crop losses in north and south america. this report describes the presence of cysteine proteinase activity in the cotton boll weevil. cysteine proteinase inhibitors from different sources were assayed against total a. grandis proteinases but, unexpectedly, no inhibitor tested was particularly effective. in order to screen for active inhibitors against the boll weevil, a cysteine proteinase cdna (agcys1) was isolated from a. grandis ... | 2004 | 15215586 |
| the phylogeny of acorn weevils (genus curculio) from mitochondrial and nuclear dna sequences: the problem of incomplete data. | we considered the contribution of two mitochondrial and two nuclear data sets for the phylogenetic reconstruction of 22 species of seed beetles in the genus curculio (coleoptera: cuculionidae). a phylogenetic tree from representatives found on various hosts was inferred from a combined data set of mitochondrial dna cytochrome oxidase subunit i, mitochondrial cytochrome b, nuclear elongation factor 1alpha, and nuclear phosphoglycerate mutase, used for the first time as a molecular marker. separat ... | 2004 | 15223041 |
| predicting mortality of phosphine-resistant adults of sitophilus oryzae (l) (coleoptera: curculionidae) in relation to changing phosphine concentration. | adults of a phosphine-resistant strain of sitophilus oryzae (l) were exposed to constant phosphine concentrations of 0.0035-0.9mg litre(-1) for periods of between 20 and 168h at 25 degrees c, and the effects of time and concentration on mortality were quantified. adults were also exposed to a series of treatments lasting 48, 72 or 168 h at 25 degrees c, during which the concentration of phosphine was varied. the aim of this study was to determine whether equations from experiments using constant ... | 2004 | 15260295 |
| cheating is not always punished: killer female plants and pollination by deceit in the dwarf palm chamaerops humilis. | because the interests of mutualists are not perfectly aligned, conflicts between partners often arise, rendering mutualism unstable by allowing the evolution of cheating. the dwarf palm chamaerops humilis is engaged in a nursery pollination mutualism with a specific weevil derelomus chamaeropsis. in exchange for pollen dispersal, dwarf palms provide pollinators with food, shelter and egg-laying sites, but pollinators can develop only within male inflorescences. here we show that weevils lay eggs ... | 2004 | 15271086 |
| potential for transport of boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) to the cotton gin within cotton modules. | there is concern that cotton gins located in boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, eradication zones serving customers in adjacent infested zones may serve as a site for boll weevil reintroductions if weevils are transported alive inside cotton modules. we surveyed fields in three distinct areas of texas and found that weevils can be present in large numbers in cotton fields that have been defoliated and desiccated in preparation for harvest, both as free adults and as immatures insid ... | 2004 | 15279274 |
| chronological age-grading of three species of stored-product beetles by using near-infrared spectroscopy. | the accuracy of near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) for predicting the chronological age of adults of the rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.); the lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.); and the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst), three pests of stored grain, was examined. nirs-predicted age correlated well with actual age of these three species. age predictions in s. oryzae by using the nirs method are not dependent upon adult sex or temperatures to which adult weevils are expo ... | 2004 | 15279305 |
| feeding and oviposition rates in the pine weevil hylobius abietis (coleoptera: curculionidae). | feeding and oviposition in the pine weevil hylobius abietis (linnaeus) were monitored under laboratory conditions in two long-term experiments lasting over an extended breeding season. data were also collected from weevils under semi-natural conditions outdoors. in addition, the effects of crowding and starvation were studied in separate experiments. during the main peak oviposition period, female h. abietis consumed 50% more bark tissue than males. when oviposition ceased, the feeding rate of t ... | 2004 | 15301696 |
| identification and molecular cloning of putative odorant-binding proteins from the american palm weevil, rhynchophorus palmarum l. | we have identified and cloned the cdnas encoding two odorant-binding proteins (obps) from the american palm weevil (apw) rhynchophorus palmarum (coleoptera, curculionidae). degenerate primers were designed from the n-terminal sequences and were used in polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in order to obtain full-length sequences in both males and females. in both sexes, two different cdnas were obtained, encoding 123 and 115 amino acid-deduced sequences. each sequence showed few amino acid difference ... | 2004 | 15303324 |
| direct defense or ecological costs: responses of herbivorous beetles to volatiles released by wild lima bean (phaseolus lunatus). | in response to feeding damage, lima bean releases herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipv), which are generally assumed to attract carnivorous arthropods as an indirect defense. while many studies have focused on such tritrophic interactions, few have investigated effects of hipv on herbivores. i used natural herbivores of wild lima bean and studied their responses to jasmonic acid-induced plants in an olfactometer and in feeding trials. both cerotoma ruficornis and gynandrobrotica guerreroensis ... | 2004 | 15303330 |
| effect of exposure period on degree of dominance of phosphine resistance in adults of rhyzopertha dominica (coleoptera: bostrychidae) and sitophilus oryzae (coleoptera: curculionidae). | degree of dominance of phosphine resistance was investigated in adults of rhyzopertha dominica f and sitophilus oryzae l. efficacy of the grain fumigant phosphine depends on both concentration and exposure period, which raises the possibility that dominance levels vary with exposure period. new and published data were used to test this possibility in adults of r dominica and s oryzae fumigated for periods of up to 144 h. the concentrations required for control of homozygous resistant and suscept ... | 2004 | 15307675 |
| volatile composition of coffee berries at different stages of ripeness and their possible attraction to the coffee berry borer hypothenemus hampei (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the analysis of volatile emissions of coffee berries in different physiological states of ripeness was performed using dynamic headspace and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis for coffea arabica, var. colombia. the composition of the volatiles emitted by coffee berries is dominated by very high levels of alcohols, mainly ethanol, in all stages of ripeness in comparison with other compounds. overripe coffee berries have high volatile emissions and show a composition dominated mainly by ... | 2004 | 15366842 |
| effects of insecticides and defoliants applied alone and in combination for control of overwintering boll weevil (anthonomus grandis; coleoptera: curculionidae)--laboratory and field studies. | in laboratory, greenhouse and field tests, we determined the effects of combining full rates of the defoliants tribufos and thidiazuron and the herbicide thifensulfuron-methyl with half rates of the insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin or azinphos-methyl, and the combination of tribufos and thidiazuron, both in half rates, on mortality of the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman and on the quality of defoliation. tribufos, 0.47 kg ha(-1) and tribufos, 0.235 kg ha(-1) + thidiazuron, 0.125 k ... | 2004 | 15382499 |
| distribution of alfalfa weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) larvae among postcutting locations. | a field study was conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine survival and spatial patterns of alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal), larvae within and between windrows of swathed alfalfa, medicago sativa l., forage as dry matter concentration increased. after harvest, the percentage of live weevil larvae residing in swathed forage decreased as swath dry matter percentage increased. conversely, larval populations in stubble between windrows increased with increasing swath dry matter. larval pop ... | 2004 | 15384343 |
| boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) survival through the seed cotton cleaning process in the cotton gin. | there is concern that gins located in boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, eradication zones may become points of reintroduction when they process cotton grown in a neighboring infested area. we estimated boll weevil survival through two typical machine sequences used in commercial cotton gins to clean and dry the seed cotton in advance of the gin stand, as well as separately through two incline cylinder cleaners or one or two tower dryers operating at different temperatures. large n ... | 2004 | 15384344 |
| influence of cotton fruit stages as food sources on boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) fecundity and oviposition. | boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coloeoptera: curculionidae), populations in the lower rio grande valley of texas increase strongly during the squaring stage, and preemptive insecticide sprays at the pinhead square stage were designed to capitalize on that association. laboratory assays showed that cotton plant volatiles, or leaves as a food source, do not elicit egg production in wild weevils. boll weevils fed on large (5.5-8-mm diameter) squares for 7 d resulted in > or = 3.8-f ... | 2004 | 15384345 |
| unexpected listronotus bonariensis (coleoptera: curculionidae) mortality in the presence of parasitoids. | field enclosure and laboratory cage experiments designed to measure the impact of the parasitoid microctonus hyperodae loan on the argentine stem weevil, listronotus bonariensis (kuschel) have shown that under high parasitoid pressure, there is significant weevil mortality without obvious parasitism. parasitoid-exposed, but unparasitized portions of caged populations died at rates significantly higher than both the parasitized weevils from the same population and the unexposed controls. unexpect ... | 2004 | 15385060 |
| host plant recognition by the root feeding clover weevil, sitona lepidus (coleoptera: curculionidae). | this study investigated the ability of neonatal larvae of the root-feeding weevil, sitona lepidus gyllenhal, to locate white clover trifolium repens l. (fabaceae) roots growing in soil and to distinguish them from the roots of other species of clover and a co-occurring grass species. choice experiments used a combination of invasive techniques and the novel technique of high resolution x-ray microtomography to non-invasively track larval movement in the soil towards plant roots. burrowing distan ... | 2004 | 15385062 |
| cytological studies upon genus otiorrhynchus (curculionidae, coleoptera) in poland. | | 1949 | 15397412 |
| ecomorphological adaptation of acorn weevils to their oviposition site. | comparisons between closely related species in different habitats provide a window into understanding how biotic factors shape evolutionary pathways. weevils in the genus curculio have radiated extensively across the palearctic, where similar ecomorphs have evolved independently on different hosts. we examined ecological and morphological data for 31 curculio species using multivariate statistics to determine which morphological traits covary and which correlate with the host seed size. a subset ... | 2004 | 15521455 |
| notes on chromosome numbers and c-banding patterns in karyotypes of some weevils from central europe (coleoptera, curculionoidea: apionidae, nanophyidae, curculionidae). | chromosome numbers and c-banding patterns of sixteen weevil species are presented. the obtained results confirm the existence of two groups of species with either a small or large amount of heterochromatin in the karyotype. the first group comprises twelve species (apionidae: oxystoma cerdo, eutrichapion melancholicum, ceratapion penetrans, ceratapion austriacum, squamapion flavimanum, rhopalapion longirostre; nanophyidae: nanophyes marmoratus; curculionidae: centricnemus (=peritelus) leucogramm ... | 2004 | 15521650 |
| divergence in replicated phylogenies: the evolution of partial post-mating prezygotic isolation in bean weevils. | by tradition, speciation research has been focused on processes leading to either premating or post-zygotic reproductive isolation. the processes which generate isolation after mating but before zygote formation are less well understood. here, we study divergence in characters which contribute to post-mating prezygotic isolation, such as egg production and remating rate. we propose that 'replicated' laboratory phylogenies with known histories can be used to yield insights into the processes of d ... | 2004 | 15525419 |
| the origin and radiation of macaronesian beetles breeding in euphorbia: the relative importance of multiple data partitions and population sampling. | species-level phylogenies derived from many independent character sources and wide geographical sampling provide a powerful tool in assessing the importance of various factors associated with cladogenesis. in this study, we explore the relative importance of insular isolation and host plant switching in the diversification of a group of bark beetles (curculionidae: scolytinae) feeding and breeding in woody euphor biaspurges. all species in the genus aphanarthrumare each associated with only one ... | 2004 | 15545251 |
| metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi n. sp. (nematoda: allantonematidae), a parasite of the coffee berry borer, hypothenemus hampei (curculionidae: scolytinae). | metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi n. sp. (nematoda: allantonematidae) is described from the coffee berry borer, hypothenemus hampei (ferrari) (curculionidae: scolytinae), in chiapas, mexico. this species differs from other members of the genus by its small size, annulated cuticle, lateral fields with 3 ridges, free-living stages with an excretory pore located between the pharyngeal gland orifices, a distinct stylet with basal swellings in free-living females, a postvulval uterine extension, a thin ... | 2004 | 15562611 |
| boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) survival through cotton gin trash fans. | there is concern that cotton gins may serve as loci for reintroduction of boll weevils, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, to eradicated or suppressed zones when processing weevil-infested cotton from neighboring zones. previous work has shown that virtually all weevils entering the gin in the seed cotton will be removed before they reach the gin stand. those not killed by the seed cotton cleaning machinery will be shunted alive into the trash fraction, which passes through a centrifugal trash ... | 2004 | 15568350 |
| phylogenetic characterization of wolbachia symbionts infecting cimex lectularius l. and oeciacus vicarius horvath (hemiptera: cimicidae). | wolbachia symbionts are obligate intracellular bacteria that cause host reproductive alterations in many arthropods and filarial nematodes. we identified wolbachia symbionts in the cliff swallow bug (oeciacus vicarious horvath) and the human bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) (hemiptera: cimicidae) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and sequencing using wolbachia-specific 16s rdna and ftsz primers. phylogenetic analyses using bayesian, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony algorith ... | 2004 | 15605657 |
| insect-induced conifer defense. white pine weevil and methyl jasmonate induce traumatic resinosis, de novo formed volatile emissions, and accumulation of terpenoid synthase and putative octadecanoid pathway transcripts in sitka spruce. | stem-boring insects and methyl jasmonate (meja) are thought to induce similar complex chemical and anatomical defenses in conifers. to compare insect- and meja-induced terpenoid responses, we analyzed traumatic oleoresin mixtures, emissions of terpenoid volatiles, and expression of terpenoid synthase (tps) genes in sitka spruce (picea sitchensis) following attack by white pine weevils (pissodes strobi) or application of meja. both insects and meja caused traumatic resin accumulation in stems, wi ... | 2004 | 15618433 |
| the attachment and stylostome of trombidium newelli (acari: trombidiidae), an ectoparasitic mite on adults of alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (coleoptera: curculionidae). | larvae of the mite trombidium newelli welbourn and flessel are ectoparasitic on adult alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhall), an insect pest of alfalfa. the mite larvae are found under the elytra, attached to the dorsal surface of weevils' abdomen. t. newelli larvae use their chelicerae to penetrate the pliable and weakly sclerotized areas of the host's integument, and to hold on firmly to the host. the attachment sites associated with larval mites of different degrees of engorgement were e ... | 2004 | 15651529 |
| potential for escape of live boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) into cottonseed, motes, and cleaned lint at the cotton gin. | reintroductions of the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, into areas of the united states where it has been eradicated or suppressed are very expensive to mitigate. there is concern that a cotton gin in an eradication zone may serve as a site of boll weevil reintroductions when processing cotton harvested in a neighboring infested zone. similarly, there is a question whether weevil-free areas can safely import gin products, such as cottonseed and baled lint, from infested areas wit ... | 2004 | 15666727 |
| phenology and infestation patterns of plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) on four highbush blueberry cultivars. | the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), is a well known pest in apple and peach orchards, but it also is capable of having an economic impact in highbush blueberries. host phenology and plum curculio oviposition patterns were determined on four highbush blueberry cultivars differing in fruit maturation period. numbers of oviposition scars were higher on early- ('weymouth') and mid-season ('duke' and 'bluecrop') blueberries than on late-season 'elliott' in 2001, 2002, and 2003. in 200 ... | 2004 | 15666742 |
| evaluation of the potential role of glufosinate-tolerant rice in integrated pest management programs for rice water weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the impact of a herbicide-tolerant rice, oryza sativa l., variety was assessed for its resistance to rice water weevil, lissorhoptrus oryzophilus kuschel (coleoptera: curculionidae), and its place in current integrated pest management (ipm) programs. greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the resistance of a glufosinate-tolerant rice variety and its glufosinate-susceptible parent line bengal to the rice water weevil in the presence and absence of glufosinate applications. the lc50 dos ... | 2004 | 15666748 |
| biology of hylobitelus xiaoi (coleoptera: curculionidae), a new pest of slash pine, pinus elliottii. | the biology of the weevil hylobitelus xiaoi zhang was studied in both field and laboratory in shangyou, jiangxi province, china. this species required 2 yr to complete one generation with overwintering by adults in pupal chambers and larvae in galleries in the bark of host trees. adults emerged from early march to early april and fed on the inner bark of branches of the trees. adults fly little. adults exhibited a diel periodicity, climbing up the trees around sunset and returning to the tree ba ... | 2004 | 15666750 |
| insecticidal effect of three diatomaceous earth formulations against adults of sitophilus oryzae (coleoptera: curculionidae) and tribolium confusum (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) on oat, rye, and triticale. | bioassays were conducted in the laboratory to assess the effect of the diatomaceous earth (de) formulations insecto, silicosec, and pyrisec, on stored oat, rye, and triticale, against adults of the rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.), and the confused flour beetle, tribolium confusum jacquelin du val. the des were tested at three dose rates, 0.75, 1, and 1.5 g of de/kg of grain. adults of the two aforementioned species were exposed to all combinations of grain-formulation-dose rate, at 26 degree ... | 2004 | 15666778 |
| insecticidal components from field pea extracts: soyasaponins and lysolecithins. | extracts from field peas (pisum sativum l.) have previously been shown to have a utility to control insect pests. to identify potentially new bioinsecticides in field crops, we describe the fractionation of impure extracts (c8 extracts) derived from protein-rich fractions of commercial pea flour. the activity of separated fractions was determined by a flour disk antifeedant bioassay with the rice weevil [sitophilus oryzae (l.)], an insect pest of stored products. bioassay-guided fractionation sh ... | 2004 | 15675793 |
| isolation and toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis from potato-growing areas in bolivia. | bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from 116 samples collected in high altitude potato-growing areas in bolivia. in these regions, main potato pests are the potato tuberworm phthorimaea operculella, and the andean weevils premnotrypes latithorax and rhigopsidius tucumanus. b. thuringiensis was found in 60% of the samples. the main percentage of samples with b. thuringiensis was found in larvae of r. tucumanus (78%). bioassays were performed with 112 isolates. none resulted toxic to either larvae ... | 2005 | 15707864 |
| agricultural applications of dielectric spectroscopy. | a brief account of interest in dielectric properties of agricultural materials is presented, and some examples of dielectric spectroscopy applied to agricultural problems are discussed. included are wide frequency range (250 hz to 12 ghz) permittivity, or dielectric properties, measurements on adult rice weevils and hard red winter wheat, for the purpose of assessing selective dielectric heating of the insects, and broadband (200 mhz to 20 ghz) permittivity measurements on tissues of fresh fruit ... | 2004 | 15719907 |
| rapid screening of invertebrate predators for multiple prey dna targets. | dna-based techniques are providing valuable new approaches to tracking predator-prey interactions. the gut contents of invertebrate predators can be analysed using species-specific primers to amplify prey dna to confirm trophic links. the problem is that each predator needs to be analysed with primers for the tens of potential prey available at a field site, even though the mean number of species detected in each gut may be as few as one or two. conducting all these pcrs (polymerase chain reacti ... | 2005 | 15723673 |
| innate and changed responses to plant odours in moths and weevils. | | 2005 | 15738166 |
| persistance of the insecticidal activity of five essential oils on the maize weevil sitophilus zeamais (motsch.) (coleoptera: curculionidae). | essential oils of aromatic plants are popularise as protectant with low persistance. the evaluation of this duration of activity was carried out for five aromatic plants: annona senegalensis (annonaceae), eucalyptus citriodora et ecalyptus saligna (myrtaceae), lippia rugosa (verbenaceae) and ocimum gratissimum (lamiaceae). they have significant insecticidal activity on s. zeamais, on the first day of application, this activity decreases after 2 or 4 days. after 8 more than 50% of the efficacy is ... | 2004 | 15759405 |
| species composition of leaf beetle assemblages in the canopies of apple and pear orchards in hungary and great britain (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | the species richness and species composition of coleoptera assemblages were investigated in the canopies of apple and pear orchards in hungary and in the apple orchards in great britain. the investigations were carried out in hungary (nagykovácsi: 3 plots, kecskemét: 5 plots, sárospatak: 4 plots) between 1990-94, and in great britain in kent (east malling, marden and robertsbridge) in 2001 and 2002. former investigations in hungary revealed that the diversity of coleoptera assemblages in the can ... | 2004 | 15759432 |
| host effects of glandular-haired alfalfa on alfalfa weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) and potato leafhopper (homoptera: cicadellidae) populations in virginia. | cultivars of glandular-haired alfalfa, medicago sativa l., such as '54h69', are currently available and marketed as being resistant to potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris). between 2000 and 2002, studies were conducted to compare the effects of '54h69' and a standard, nonglandular-haired alfalfa cultivar, 'choice', on alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal), and potato leafhopper populations at campbell and montgomery counties, virginia. '54h69' had no effect on alfalfa weevil populatio ... | 2005 | 15765667 |
| [host transfer of beauveria bassiana population in pine stand ecosystem and impact of its genetic diversity on sustainable control of masson's pine caterpillars]. | in an anniversary investigation post inoculative release of beauveria bassiana against masson's pine caterpillars in a masson's pine plantation, 119 strains were isolated from 30 host insects, soil, litter and air. based on an esterase isozyme analysis, all these strains were assigned to 32 esterase types, suggesting abundant genetic diversity. the esterase type 2 was assigned including 18 other strains from 11 different host insects, indicating that the released strain had successfully survived ... | 2004 | 15825448 |
| a microfluorometric method for quantifying rna and dna in terrestrial insects. | evidence is accumulating for a mechanistic linkage between body phosphorus content and growth and reproduction of individual organisms, due in part to variation in allocation of resources to ribosomal rna. testing this connection requires reliable methods of quantifying the nucleic acid content of individual organisms. although methods for quantifying nucleic acids are available for a wide array of organisms, adaptation of such methods for study of insects has been neglected. sensitive stains an ... | 2003 | 15841218 |
| iridovirus in the root weevil diaprepes abbreviatus. | invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (iiv6) was evaluated for mode of transmission and ability to cause infection in the root weevil, diaprepes abbreviatus (l.). this is the first evidence of iiv6 infection in d. abbreviatus, which caused both patent and sub-lethal covert infections in both larvae and adults. adults and larvae were successfully infected with iiv6 by puncture, injection and per os. transmission of iiv6 was demonstrated between infected and healthy individuals regardless of gender. vir ... | 2003 | 15841225 |
| polygalacturonase from sitophilus oryzae: possible horizontal transfer of a pectinase gene from fungi to weevils. | endo-polygalacturonase, one of the group of enzymes known collectively as pectinases, is widely distributed in bacteria, plants and fungi. the enzyme has also been found in several weevil species and a few other insects, such as aphids, but not in drosophila melanogaster, anopheles gambiae, or caenorhabditis elegans or, as far as is known, in any more primitive animal species. what, then, is the genetic origin of the polygalacturonases in weevils? since some weevil species harbor symbiotic micro ... | 2003 | 15841240 |
| arthropod diversity in peas with normal or reduced waxy bloom. | crop traits can alter economically important interactions between plants, pests, and biological control agents. for example, a reduced waxy bloom on the surface of pea plants alters interactions between pea aphids and their natural enemies. in this study, we assess whether the effect of wax reduction extends beyond the 2 or 3 arthropod species closely associated with the plants and into the structure of the broader arthropod community of over 200 taxa at our site. we sampled arthropods on lines ... | 2004 | 15861234 |
| larval competition in weevils revena rubiginosa (coleoptera: curculionidae) preying on seeds of the palm syagrus romanzoffiana (arecaceae). | inter- and intraspecific local resource competition may lead to the selection of specific adaptive individual characteristics to overcome interference competition. a highly selective scenario is predictable for interference competition among seed preying weevil larvae that live in and feed upon a single host seed. this scenario is found in syagrus romanzoffiana palm seeds which are predated by revena rubiginosa (curculionidae) larvae. although multiple infestation of one seed by weevil larvae ca ... | 2005 | 15871001 |
| selection of assessment methods for evaluating banana weevil cosmopolites sordidus (coleoptera: curculionidae) damage on highland cooking banana (musa spp., genome group aaa-ea). | cosmopolites sordidus (germar) is an important pest on bananas and plantains. population build-up is slow and damage becomes increasingly important in successive crop cycles (ratoons). yield loss results from plant loss, mat disappearance and reduced bunch size. damage assessment requires destructive sampling and is most often done on corms of recently harvested plants. a wide range of damage assessment methods exist and there are no agreed protocols. it is critical to know what types of damage ... | 2005 | 15877860 |
| the effect of environmentally induced changes in the bark of young conifers on feeding behaviour and reproductive development of adult hylobius abietis (coleoptera: curculionidae). | young plants of sitka spruce, scots and corsican pine were subject to high and low light, and high and low nitrogen treatments in a polyhouse experiment. the effect of treatments on resin duct size and nitrogen concentration in stem bark was determined together with feeding by hylobius abietis linnaeus on the stems of 'intact' plants and on 'detached' stems cut from the plant. resin duct size was largest on corsican pine and smallest on sitka spruce and inherent variation in duct size between th ... | 2005 | 15877864 |
| seasonal dynamics of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera steinernema and heterorhabditis as a response to abiotic factors and abundance of insect hosts. | the seasonal dynamics of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) of the genus steinernema and heterorhabditis were studied during one season in meadow and oak wood habitats, in the vicinity of ceské budejovice, czech republic. the influences of soil temperature, moisture, and abundance of suitable hosts on epn dynamics were investigated. the host range of these nematodes, in both habitats was also observed. a total of four epn species were found in both habitats. steinernema affine was the dominant sp ... | 2005 | 15893761 |
| does lignin modification affect feeding preference or growth performance of insect herbivores in transgenic silver birch (betula pendula roth)? | transgenic silver birch (betula pendula roth) lines were produced in order to modify lignin biosynthesis. these lines carry comt (caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate o-methyltransferase) gene from populus tremuloides driven by constitutive promoter 35s camv (cauliflower mosaic virus) or ubb1 (ubiquitin promoter from sunflower). the decreased syringyl/guaiacyl (s/g) ratio was found in stem and leaf lignin of 35s camv-ptcomt transgenic silver birch lines when compared to non-transformed control or ubb1-ptc ... | 2005 | 15971066 |
| size-dependent feeding and reproduction by boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the considerable variation in adult size of the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, has been well documented, but the influences of adult size on reproductive rate are not known. we examined the relationship between the size of boll weevils and their feeding and oviposition. weevils weighed to the nearest milligram were grouped into five categories based on pupal weight: < or =5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, and >20 mg. numbers of lifetime punctures produced in flower buds (squares) of cotto ... | 2005 | 16022302 |
| effects of planting dates on boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) and cotton fruit in the subtropics. | the effects of planting dates 2-3-wk apart on boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), field-level populations, and feeding and oviposition damage to cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., squares and bolls, were studied during 2002 and 2003 in the lower rio grande valley of texas. squares were 44-56% more abundant in some later planted treatments than in the earlier planted treatments, but mean cumulative numbers of oviposition- and feeding-damaged squares were 2.7 - ... | 2005 | 16022308 |
| the pesticide malathion reduces survival and growth in developing zebrafish. | malathion is an organophosphorous pesticide widely used to control mosquitoes in urban areas and pests, such as boll weevils, in agricultural areas. zebrafish, danio rerio, are model organisms for developmental toxicology research because they are readily available, produce large numbers of clear embryos, and are sensitive to environmental changes. the nonlethal effects of malathion on developing zebrafish embryos, however, previously have not been analyzed quantitatively. we exposed zebrafish e ... | 2005 | 16050592 |
| herbivory and abiotic factors affect population dynamics of arabidopsis thaliana in a sand dune area. | population dynamics of the annual plant arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. were studied in a natural habitat of this species on the coastal dunes of the netherlands. the main objective was to elucidate factors controlling population dynamics and the relative importance of factors affecting final population density. permanent plots were established and plants were mapped to obtain data on survival and reproductive performance of each individual, with special attention to herbivore damage. in experi ... | 2005 | 16163621 |
| olfactory responses of banana weevil predators to volatiles from banana pseudostem tissue and synthetic pheromone. | as a response to attack by herbivores, plants can emit a variety of volatile substances that attract natural enemies of these insect pests. predators of the banana weevil, cosmopolites sordidus (germar) (coleoptera: curculionidae) such as dactylosternum abdominale (coleoptera: hydrophilidae) and pheidole megacephala (hymenoptera: formicidae), are normally found in association with weevil-infested rotten pseudostems and harvested stumps. we investigated whether these predators are attracted to su ... | 2005 | 16222791 |
| interactions between acetoin, a plant volatile, and pheromone in rhynchophorus palmarum: behavioral and olfactory neuron responses. | aggregation of rhynchophorus palmarum weevils on host plants is mediated by a male pheromone (rhynchophorol: r) and host-plant volatiles (pvs) acting in synergy. synthetic pv blends synergizing pheromone contain acetoin (a) and ethyl acetate (etac). r, a, and etac are detected by specialized olfactory receptor neurons (orns). in addition, particular types of orns are tuned to both a and r. to specify the role played by acetoin in pheromone perception, we recorded the responses of orns to 100 ng ... | 2005 | 16222808 |
| structure and function of the antennal sensilla of the palm weevil rhynchophorus palmarum (coleoptera, curculionidae). | the distribution, fine structure and function of the sensilla present on the antennal club of rhynchophorus palmarum were studied. no sex dimorphism was observed. scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed five types of hair-like structures, four of which were evenly distributed on the antennal club. two types of hair (iv and v) showed wall pores, a characteristic of olfactory sensilla. the antenna numbers 11,190 +/- 3040 type iv and 7360 +/- 1500 type v hairs. using single sensillum r ... | 2003 | 16256688 |
| relationships of different cotton square sizes to boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) feeding and oviposition in field conditions. | feeding and oviposition preferences of the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, for four different cotton square size classes in field conditions of the lower rio grande valley of texas were studied during 2002 and 2003. percentages of large (5.5-8-mm-diameter) squares used for oviposition and feeding were greater than pinhead or match-head squares. the preference for large squares as food and associated accelerated fecundity explain the substantial boll weevil population buildups th ... | 2005 | 16334326 |
| pectinmethylesterase from the rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae: cdna isolation and sequencing, genetic origin, and expression of the recombinant enzyme. | a cdna clone encoding pectinmethylesterase of the rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.) has been isolated and sequenced. the cdna clone was expressed in cultured insect cells and active pectinmethylesterase was purified from the culture medium, thus confirming that the cdna encodes pectinmethylesterase. in situ hybridization indicated that the enzyme's transcript was present in the midgut. weevils treated with tetracycline so that they lack genes of known symbiotic organisms still contained the pe ... | 2005 | 16341253 |
| chemically mediated host-plant selection by the milfoil weevil: a freshwater insect-plant interaction. | the milfoil weevil euhrychiopsis lecontei is a specialist aquatic herbivore that feeds, oviposits, and mates on the invasive freshwater macrophyte myriophyllum spicatum. we characterized the weevil's preference for m. spicatum, and through bioassay-driven fractionation, isolated and identified two chemicals released by m. spicatum that attract e. lecontei. mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to identify the attractive compounds as glycerol and uracil. dose-res ... | 2005 | 16365710 |
| post harvest spoilage of sweetpotato in tropics and control measures. | sweetpotato storage roots are subjected to several forms of post harvest spoilage in the tropical climate during transportation from farmers' field to market and in storage. these are due to mechanical injury, weight loss, sprouting, and pests and diseases. sweetpotato weevil is the single most important storage pest in tropical regions for which no control measures or resistant variety are yet available. several microorganisms (mostly fungi) have been found to induce spoilage in stored sweetpot ... | 2005 | 16371331 |
| dirigent proteins in conifer defense: gene discovery, phylogeny, and differential wound- and insect-induced expression of a family of dir and dir-like genes in spruce (picea spp.). | the outer stem tissues of conifers provide a durable constitutive and inducible defense barrier consisting of suberized or lignified periderm, sclereids, a network of terpenoid-filled resin ducts, and phenolic phloem parenchyma cells. microarray gene expression profiling of sitka spruce (picea sitchensis) bark attacked by stem-boring weevils (pissodes strobi) or through mechanical wounding demonstrated significant accumulation of transcripts resembling dirigent protein (dir) genes. to investigat ... | 2006 | 16463097 |
| proactive spraying against boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) reduces insecticide applications and increases cotton yield and economic return. | the current standard practice of two to three preemptive insecticide applications at the start of pinhead (1-2-mm-diameter) squaring followed by threshold-triggered (whenever 10% of randomly selected squares have oviposition punctures) insecticide applications for boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, control does not provide a reliably positive impact on cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., yields in subtropical conditions. this study showed that four fewer spray applications in a "proacti ... | 2005 | 16539122 |
| strain distribution of alfalfa weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) in an intergrade zone. | strain distribution for the alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal), was determined for the five major alfalfa-growing regions of new mexico. mitochondrial dna from field-collected weevils at each location was digested and sequenced to differentiate among strains. eastern, egyptian, and western strains were recovered, along with a population not matching any known strain. the majority of sites examined had populations of two strains intermingled within a field. this is the first confirmation ... | 2005 | 16539129 |
| ipsenol and ipsdienol attract monochamus titillator (coleoptera: cerambycidae) and associated large pine woodborers in southeastern united states. | we determined the responses of the southern pine sawyer, monochamus titillator (f.) (coleoptera: cerambycidae), to the pheromones (ipsenol, ipsdienol, and lanierone) used by pine engraver beetles (coleoptera: scolytidae) in the southeastern united states. (+/-)-ipsenol, (+/-)-ipsdienol, or a combination increased catches of m. titillator in florida, louisiana, georgia, and north carolina. catches of acanthocinus obsoletus (olivier) (cerambycidae) were increased by (+/-)-ipsenol and (+/-)-ipsdien ... | 2005 | 16539130 |
| electrophysiological and behavioral responses of dendroctonus frontalis (coleoptera: curculionidae) to volatiles isolated from conspecifics. | olfactory sensitivity of the southern pine beetle, dendroctonus frontalis zimmermann, to compounds isolated from the mid/hindguts of newly emerged conspecific adults was assayed with coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection. all previously reported pheromones for d. frontalis plus eight additional compounds (fenchyl alcohol, myrtenal, cis-verbenol, trans-pinocarveol, acetophenone, trans-myrtanol, cis-myrtanol, and 2-phenylethanol) consistently elicited antennal responses from a ... | 2005 | 16539134 |
| irradiation as a methyl bromide alternative for postharvest control of omphisa anastomosalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and euscepes postfasciatus and cylas formicarius elegantulus (coleoptera: curculionidae) in sweet potatoes. | irradiation studies were conducted with three sweet potato, ipomoea batatas (l.) lam., pests to determine an effective dose for quarantine control. dose-response tests indicated that the most radiotolerant stage occurring in roots was the pupa of sweetpotato vine borer, omphisa anastomosalis (guenee), and the adult of west indian sweetpotato weevil, euscepes postfasciatus (fairmaire), and sweetpotato weevil, cylas formicarius elegantulus (summers). in large-scale confirmatory tests, irradiation ... | 2006 | 16573320 |
| reduced oviposition by diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae) and growth enhancement of citrus by surround particle film. | regularly applied sprays of a particle film, surround wp, greatly enhanced the growth of citrus trees on a poorly drained winder soil at fort pierce, fl. after 3 yr of applications every 3 or 4 wk, surround-treated trees had at least 5 times the mass, 6 times the canopy volume, and approximately 4 times the cross-sectional area of the tree stems at the graft union compared with untreated trees. the larger surround-treated trees attracted a higher number of adult weevil diaprepes abbreviatus (l.) ... | 2006 | 16573330 |
| fitness consequences of pheromone production and host selection strategies in a tree-killing bark beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae). | timing of arrival at a resource often determines an individual's reproductive success. tree-killing bark beetles can reproduce in healthy trees by attacking in adequate numbers to overcome host defences that could otherwise be lethal. this process is mediated by aggregation and antiaggregation pheromones. beetles that arrive early in such a "mass attack" must contend with undiminished tree defences, and produce enough pheromones to attract more beetles, but have a head start on gallery construct ... | 2006 | 16609873 |
| [phylogenetic reconstruction of weevil superfamily curculionoidea (coleoptera) using the synap method]. | phylogenetic relationships within the superfamily curculionoidea were reconstructed. autapomorphies of the superfamily curculionoidea include more or less pronounced snout, clubbed antennae, and partially sclerotized or completely membranous male tergite 9. weevil families can be divided into three groups. the first group includes the most primitive family nemonychidae. the second group includes nine families (anthribidae, belidae, oxycorynidae, eccoptarthridae, allocorynidae, rhynchitidae, atte ... | 2006 | 16634433 |
| evaluation of insecticides for protecting southwestern ponderosa pines from attack by engraver beetles (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae). | insecticides that might protect pine trees from attack by engraver beetles (ips spp.) have not been rigorously tested in the southwestern united states. we conducted two field experiments to evaluate the efficacy of several currently and potentially labeled preventative insecticides for protecting high-value ponderosa pine, pinus ponderosa dougl ex. laws., from attack by engraver beetles. preventative sprays (0.19% permethrin [permethrin plus c]; 0.03, 0.06, and 0.12% bifenthrin [onyx]; and 1.0 ... | 2006 | 16686137 |
| an experiment using neutron activation analysis and a rare earth element to mark cotton plants and two insects that feed on them. | studies on insect dispersal and other behaviors can benefit from using markers that will not alter flight and fitness. rare earth elements, such as samarium (sm), have been used as ingested markers of some insects and detected using neutron activation analysis (naa). in this study, samarium nitrate hexahydrate was mixed into artificial diet for boll weevils, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), at different dosages and in water used to irrigate cotton, gossypium hirsut ... | 2006 | 16713273 |
| repeated cycles of chilling and warming effectively terminate prolonged larval diapause in the chestnut weevil, curculio sikkimensis. | curculio sikkimensis (coleoptera: curculionidae) requires one or more years to complete its life cycle, owing to prolonged larval diapause. to compare the effects of temperature cycles and total periods of chilling on the termination of prolonged diapause, larvae were subjected to different chilling (5 degrees c) and warming (20 degrees c) cycles ranging from 30 to 720 days, and all cycles were repeated until the sum of chilling and warming periods reached 720 days. the prolonged diapause of c. ... | 2006 | 16546207 |
| molecular modeling and inhibitory activity of cowpea cystatin against bean bruchid pests. | plant cystatins show great potential as tools to genetically engineer resistance of crop plants against pests. two important potential targets are the bean weevils acanthoscelides obtectus and zabrotes subfasciatus, which display major activities of digestive cysteine proteinases in midguts. in this study a cowpea cystatin, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor found in cowpea (vigna unguiculata) seeds, was expressed in escherichia coli and purified with a ni-nta agarose column. it strongly inhibited ... | 2006 | 16470583 |
| captures of boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) in traps associated with different habitats. | programs to eradicate the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, from cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the united states rely heavily on pheromone traps for monitoring weevil populations in both active and posteradication maintenance programs. modifications to trapping protocols that increase trap effectiveness should contribute to this eradication effort. between october 1996 and may 1997 and between september 1997 and april 1998, we compared trap effectiveness, indicated by the numb ... | 2006 | 16813308 |
| effect of root feeding by diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae) larvae on leaf gas exchange and growth of three ornamental tree species. | diaprepes abbreviatus l. (coleoptera: curculionidae), feeds on a variety of ornamental plants grown in southern florida. studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of root feeding by d. abbreviatus larvae on leaf gas exchange and growth of three ornamental tree species commonly grown in southern florida that are known hosts of this weevil: green buttonwood, conocarpus erectus l.; live oak, quercus virginiana mill.; and pygmy date palm, phoenix roebelenii o'brien. these hosts were grown in co ... | 2006 | 16813316 |
| testing phylogeographic predictions on an active volcanic island: brachyderes rugatus (coleoptera: curculionidae) on la palma (canary islands). | volcanic islands with well-characterized geological histories can provide ideal templates for generating and testing phylogeographic predictions. many studies have sought to utilize these to investigate patterns of colonization and speciation within groups of closely related species across a number of islands. here we focus attention within a single volcanic island with a well-characterized geological history to develop and test phylogeographic predictions. we develop phylogeographic predictions ... | 2006 | 16448412 |