| occurrence of microfilariae in various hollow organs and in the peritoneal cavity after treatment of litomosoides carinii infected mastomys natalensis with diethylcarbamazine and haloxon. | treatment of litomosoides carinii infected mastomys natalensis with diethylcarbamazine (dec: 500 mg/kg p.o.) was followed by increased occurrence of microfilariae in the bronchi of the host after 40 min and lasting at least until 6 h after treatment. after 4 h, increased levels of larvae were observed in the gut. only a few microfilariae occurred in the bladder and sputum. accumulations of microfilariae were found furthermore in the lnn. hepaticae whereas no changes were observed in the inguinal ... | 1983 | 6880345 |
| synthesis and antifilarial activity of n-[4-[[4-alkoxy-3-[(dialkylamino)methyl]phenyl]amino]- 2-pyrimidinyl]-n'-phenylguanidines. | a series of n-[4-[[4-alkoxy-3-[(dialkylamino)methyl]phenyl]amino]- 2-pyrimidinyl]-n'-phenylguanidines have been synthesized for antifilarial evaluation. reaction of the appropriate benzenamines with n-cyanoguanidine, followed by condensation of the resultant n-phenylimidodicarbonimidic diamides (v) with ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate provided the intermediate n-(4-hydroxy-2-pyrimidinyl)-n'-phenylguanidines via. alternatively, compounds via were synthesized by reaction of the requisite beta ... | 1983 | 6887202 |
| n2-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl-n4-phenyl-2,4-pyrimidinediamines and n2-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-n4-phenyl-2,4-quinazolinediamines as potential antifilarial agents. | a series of n2-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl-n4-phenyl-2,4-pyrimidinediamines and n2-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-n4-phenyl-2,4-quinazolinediamines (xi) was synthesized for antifilarial evaluation. condensation of the requisite beta-keto ester (vi) with n-cyanoguanidine afforded 2-pyrimidinylcyanamides (viia,b) and (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2-quinazolinyl)cyanamide (viic). reaction of vii with a substituted o-phenylenediamine gave 2-(1h-benzimidazol-2-ylamino)-4-pyrimidinols and 2-[(5,6-di ... | 1983 | 6887206 |
| immunodiagnosis of human filariasis by counterimmunoelectrophoresis using litomosoides carinii antigens. | the presence of precipitin antibody and soluble circulating antigen was demonstrated in sera of individuals with clinical filariasis by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. antigens derived from litomosoides carinii and antisera raised in rabbits to the adult worm antigens were used for the detection of antibody and antigen in human sera. of 35 subjects, 2 had microfilariae in the peripheral blood, 9 soluble circulating antigen, 19 antibody in sera, and 6 had both antigen and antibody. it suggests that ... | 1980 | 6997366 |
| igg-dependent human eosinophil-mediated adhesion and cytotoxicity of litomosoides carinii larvae. | | 1981 | 7030947 |
| synthesis of some novel amodiaquine analogues as potential antimalarial and antifilarial compounds. | ten amodiaquine analogues, which are hybridized molecules of amodiaquine and diethylcarbamazine, were designed and synthesized. six analogues, all bearing a basic tertiary amino function at their side chain, were active against plasmodium berghei in mice and inhibited the mobility of adult worms and microfilariae of breinlia booliati in vitro. they were inactive against litomosoides carinii in mastomys natalensis. the most active antimalarial compound, 7-chloro-4-[alpha-[[n-(4-methyl-1-piperazin ... | 1981 | 7031248 |
| litomosoides carinii infection in cotton-rats: evolution of microfilaraemia before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine and suramin. | the activity of diethylcarbamazine (dec) and suramin (s) on litomosoides carinii filariasis was assessed by the study of microfilaraemia in 30 cotton-rats (sigmodon hispidus). dec (per os) and s (injected subcutaneously) were administered alone or in combination, at doses of 50 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days. 15 rats were treated at day 91 after infection and 15 others at day 184. the immediate but temporary efficacy observed with dec was in contrast to the delayed and long-lasting effect o ... | 1981 | 7034313 |
| detection of filarial antibodies in malayan and bancroftian filariasis by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, using different filarial antigens. | indirect fluorescent antibody tests (ifat) using wuchereria bancrofti infective larvae as antigen had the highest positivity rates in detecting malayan and bancroftian filariasis as compared to ifat using antigens prepared from 5 other animal filarial species, brugia pahangi, dirofilaria immitis, dipetalonema viteae, litomosoides carinii and onchocerca gutturosa. this study also recommends the use of human filarioids as the source of antigen in serological tests. however, before b. malayi and es ... | 1982 | 7051338 |
| efficacy of the avermectins against filarial parasites: a short review. | the avermectins are macrocyclic lactones produced by streptomyces avermitilis. one of them has been chemically modified and given the non-proprietary name ivermectin. the compounds have shown efficacy against various stages of filarial parasites. with respect to pre-adult stages in the mammalian host, activity has been observed against dirofilaria immitis in ferrets and dogs, and dipetalonema viteae and litomosoides carinii in jirds (meriones); but activity has not been observed against the deve ... | 1982 | 7051527 |
| [experiments in vitro with litomosoides carinii (nematoda: filarioidea) ii. influence of different sera on the release of microfilariae and experiments on the readiness for copulation of the worms (author's transl)]. | when fetal calf serum or human serum is added to the culture medium tc 199, adult females of litomosoides carinii release the same amount of microfilariae in vitro as after addition of cotton rat serum. in contrast, in media with serum of meriones unguiculatus or mastomys natalensis only a few microfilariae are released; moreover, addition of mastomys serum immobilizes them. when males and females are kept together, the same amount of microfilariae is released as compared with single females. wo ... | 1982 | 7051596 |
| vaccination of jirds, meriones unguiculatus, against litomosoides carinii and brugia pahangi using irradiate larvae of l. carinii. | this study has shown tht exposure of jirds to radiation-attenuated larvae of one filarial species confers resistance to another species and thus indicates the potential for developing zooprophylactic regimens for the control of human filariasis. 13 and 8 meriones unguiculatus were vaccinated with infective 3rd stage larvae of litomosoides carinii attenuated by 40 krad cobalt 60 irradiation and challenged with either l. carinii or brugia pahangi respectively. vaccinated jirds showed a 98% reducti ... | 1982 | 7101438 |
| ige-dependent cellular adhesion and cytotoxicity to litomosoides carinii microfilariae--nature of effector cells. | albino rats immunized with sonicated microfilarial antigen incorporated in freund's complete adjuvant, produce antibodies that promote cell-mediated adhesion and killing of litomosoides carinii microfilariae in vitro. using highly purified cell populations, it has been shown that macrophages and neutrophils are most active in this phenomenon. eosinophils, while adhering readily to parasites in the presence of the antibody, did not affect the viability of the parasites when observed after 24 hr i ... | 1982 | 7105492 |
| in vitro cultivation of third-stage larvae of litomosoides carinii to the fourth stage. | | 1982 | 7131207 |
| litomosoides carinii: effect of diethylcarbamazine on microfilaremias of mastomys natalensis harboring old infections, new infections, and transfused microfilariae. | mastomys natalensis, matched according to age and microfilaremia, were divided into experimental and control groups. the former were given diethylcarbamazine (caricide, 500 mg/kg) per os. microfilariae counts were made at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min and at 1, 5, and 12 days. this protocol was performed on rats with: old infections (patent for 7 mo), new infections (patent for 10 days), and no infection but made microfilaremic by injection of blood or culture-derived microfilariae. in all treated gro ... | 1982 | 7175613 |
| effects of levamisole on glycogen phosphorylase activity of litomosoides carinii. | | 1982 | 7175617 |
| electron microscopic studies on microfilariae of dipetalonema viteae and litomosoides carinii: the occurrence of intracellular parasites after treatment with metrifonate or diethylcarbamazine. | microfilariae of dipetalonema viteae and litomosoides carinii were studied by means of electron microscopy after oral treatment of their hosts with metrifonate (3 x 100 mg/kg) or diethylcarbamazine (3 x 250 mg/kg). these dosages led to the disappearance of microfilariae from the peripheral venous blood. however, in numerous organs blood capillaries or interstitial spaces contained degenerating microfilariae. in these cases the cytoplasm of the microfilarian cells was completely lysed, whereas th ... | 1981 | 7200306 |
| elimination of microfilariae (litomosoides carinii filarioidea) in the patent and in the immunized cotton-rat. | | 1981 | 7268849 |
| intracellular development of the cotton-rat filaria litomosoides carinii in the vector mite ornithonyssus bacoti. | | 1981 | 7268858 |
| enhanced adhesion of rat neutrophils to litomosoides carinii microfilariae in the presence of culture supernatants from mitogen-stimulated lymph node cells. | microfilariae of the rat filarial parasite litomosoides carinii are killed by normal rat neutrophils which adhere to them in the presence of antibody and complement. adherence and killing were increased in the presence of the fluid from 48-hr cultures of con a- or pha-stimulated normal rat lymph node cells. both normal and augmented binding were inhibited by cytochalasin b. the factor(s) responsible for increased binding was non-dialysable, susceptible to heat (56 degrees c, 30 min) and freezing ... | 1981 | 7337966 |
| effect on host metabolism of litomosoides carinii infection in mastomys natalensis. | | 1981 | 7348724 |
| effect of thiamine deficiency on the filarial infection of albino rats with litomosoides carinii. | | 1980 | 7372401 |
| [frequency and significance of parasitic infections in refugees from vietnam (author's transl)]. | in the course of the medical care which is provided for the refugees from southeast asia 100 persons were tested for intestinal parasites (helminths and protozoa). in addition serum samples were obtained from 72 of these and tested in several tests (cft, fat, iha and sft) using antigens of entamoeba histolytica, leishmania donovani, toxoplasma gondii, schistosoma spp., fasciola hepatica, echinococcus spp., trichinella spiralis and litomosoides carinii. in 49 persons infections with one, two or ... | 1980 | 7395245 |
| changing proteins on the surface of a parasitic nematode. | most of the organisms of the phylum nematoda are free living, but some are animal or plant parasites of major importance to man. during their life cycle all nematodes undergo a series of moults in which they shed an external cuticle, consisting of an outermost membrane-like layer of unknown composition and a series of fibrillar layers similar to collagens. because of this structure, the cuticle has been viewed as an acellular exoskeleton with rather inert molecular components. however, observati ... | 1980 | 7422005 |
| antigenic studies with litomosoides carinii the filarial parasite of rodents. | | 1980 | 7429577 |
| glycogen pattern in natural and alternate hosts infected with litomosoides carinii. | litomosoides carinii infection causes a decrease in liver glycogen levels in the albino rat, an alternate host, but not in its natural host, the cotton-rat. in the albino rat the primary infection is rejected by about 120 days after infection whereas in the cotton-rat rejection does not occur. consequently, the drop in hepatic glycogen levels in the albino rat has some correlation with the immune status of the host. | 1980 | 7434404 |
| suppression of microfilaraemia in litomosoides carinii infections in cotton rats by vaccination with adult worm homogenate. | twenty cotton rats were injected with a homogentae of adult male and female litomosoides carinii prepared by freeze-thawing the worms in phosphate-buffered-saline followed by mechanical treatment in a potter-elvejhma homogenizer. intramuscular injections including freund's complete adjuvant were made into rats which were subsequently quantitatively exposed to infection with l carinii in liponyssus bacoti. there was no development of a microfilaraemia between 50 and 100 days post-infection in any ... | 1980 | 7436605 |
| the efficacy of diethylcarbamazine in the treatment of cotton rat filariasis (litomosoides carinii). | | 1980 | 7437541 |
| ige-dependent adherence and cytotoxicity of rat spleen and peritoneal cells to litomosoides carinii microfilariae. | serum taken after the termination of microfilaraemia from rats infected with the filarial parasite litomosoides carinii brought about adherence and cytotoxicity of normal rat spleen and peritoneal cells to microfilariae. the activity could be absorbed to, and eluted from, anti-rat ige, but not anti-rat igg, immunosorbent columns. immune serum heated to 56 degrees c for 3 hr did not cause cellular adherence or cytotoxicity; the addition of fresh normal rat serum failed to restore activity. fresh ... | 1980 | 7438547 |
| effect of pyridoxine deficiency on litomosoides carinii infection in albino rats. | pyridoxine deficiency has been induced in albino rats at the weanling or neonatal stages. exposure of the vitamin-deficient rats to the infective larvae of litomosoides carinii resulted in no development or establishment of the parasite in the host. although the food consumption of the pair-fed group was necessarily restricted to that of the deficient group, the susceptibility of the animals of the pair-fed group receiving the normal vitamin intake resembled that of the control group. the humora ... | 1980 | 7445042 |
| [the isolation of microfilariae of litomosoides carinii on a ficoll density gradient (author's transl)]. | a method is described to isolate microfilariae of litomosoides carinii on a ficoll isopycnic gradient. the simple and fast procedure yields a high percentage of microfilariae apparently without causing any alteration of the larval surface and vitality. | 1980 | 7456643 |
| surface antigens of litomosoides carinii microfilariae: agglutinating antibodies react with sheath components of 40 and 120 kilo dalton molecular mass. | this study was conducted to identify surface antigens of the microfilarial sheath of litomosoides carinii which are accessible to antibodies. rabbit antisera were raised against the soluble and insoluble fractions of purified sheaths by extracting them with a buffer containing 2-mercaptoethanol and sodium dodecylsulphate. these sera and rabbit hyperimmune sera directed against homogenates of total microfilariae, mature (i.e. microfilariae liberating) female parasites and excretory-secretory prod ... | 1994 | 7520154 |
| initiation of chemical studies on the immunoreactive glycolipids of adult ascaris suum. | there is a general lack of basic information concerning one class of glycoconjugate, the glycolipids, from parasitic nematodes. as the prototype, the neutral glycolipid fraction derived from adult males of ascaris suum was investigated as to its chromatographic, differential chemical staining, antigenic and chemical properties. the thin-layer chromatography-resolved neutral fraction glycolipids could be classified into components of fast and slow migrating band groups. immunoreactivity was restr ... | 1995 | 7596644 |
| the host-parasite relationships in pyridoxine (vitamin b6) deficient cotton rats infected with litomosoides carinii (nematoda: filaroidea). | this paper demonstrates that the establishment and growth of the filarial nematode parasite, litomosoides carinii, is reduced in pyridoxine-deficient cotton rats. young cotton rats were assigned to one of three dietary: vitamin b6-deficient cotton rats (b6-al) were fed a pyridoxine-free diet ad libitum; pair-fed controls (b6 + pf) were fed the same amount of pyridoxine-free diet as animals in the deficient group and given daily oral supplements of 100 micrograms pyridoxine; and pyridoxine-suffic ... | 1995 | 7609986 |
| brugia spp. and litomosoides carinii: identification of a covalently cross-linked microfilarial sheath matrix protein (shp2). | a microfilarial sheath protein gene (shp2) coding for the major constituent of the insoluble, cross-linked sheath remnant (sr) from brugia malayi, brugia pahangi and litomosoides carinii has been cloned and sequenced, based on peptide partial amino-acid sequences. all three closely related single-copy shp2 genes in the two genera carry a single intron in identical position; shp2 mrnas are post-transcriptionally modified by both cis-splicing and trans-splicing. in accordance with their extracellu ... | 1995 | 7637719 |
| litomosoides carinii: macrofilariae-derived glycolipids--chromatography, serology and potential in the evaluation of anthelminthic efficacy. | a preliminary characterization of the glycolipids of litomosoides carinii macrofilariae, resolved according to their chromatographic, chemical and serological properties, has been performed. emphasis has been placed on the neutral fraction glycolipids. these are separable on thinlayer chromatography into two groups of fast and slow migrating band components, that differ in their migration, differential chemical staining and serological traits, respectively. serological analyses have been accompl ... | 1994 | 7708429 |
| ivermectin-induced cell-dependent lethal effects on litomosoides carinii microfilariae in vitro. | ivermectin affected the motility of litomosoides carinii microfilariae in vitro in a dose dependent manner but did not completely immobilize the larvae and had no lethal effects when tested up to a concentration of 1000 ng/ml. however, killing of microfilariae was induced by ivermectin in vitro in the presence of spleen cells of mastomys coucha or rats within 14 h. optimum effects occurred at drug levels of 10-100 ng ivermectin/ml. addition of infection serum led to increased cytotoxicity when c ... | 1994 | 7716399 |
| litomosoides carinii microfilarial sheaths: partial amino acid sequences of several major polypeptide constituents. | isolated sheaths from litomosoides carinii microfilariae were disintegrated by reduction with dithiothreitol and were 14c-carboxymethylated. five major sheath proteins thus solubilized were purified by size exclusion chromatography and reversed-phase hplc (rphplc). proteolytic fragments of complete sheaths and of the single sheath proteins were isolated by rphplc and were n-terminally sequenced. a library of 27 partial sheath polypeptide sequences was thus established, 21 of which could be assig ... | 1994 | 7838185 |
| antifilarial activity of macrocyclic lactones: comparative studies with ivermectin, doramectin, milbemycin a4 oxime, and moxidectin in litomosoides carinii, acanthocheilonema viteae, brugia malayi, and b. pahangi infection of mastomys coucha. | the avermectins ivermectin and doramectin and the milbemycins milbemycin a4 oxime and moxidectin were tested for filaricidal activity in mastomys coucha infected with litomosoides carinii, acanthocheilonema viteae, brugia malayi, and b. pahangi. single subcutaneous doses of 0.005-5 mg/kg (l. carinii), 0.0005-0.5 mg/kg (a. viteae), 0.5 and 5 mg/kg (b. malayi), and 5 mg/kg (b. pahangi) were injected. necropsies were performed 42 days after treatment. the avermectins caused a strong and rapid reduc ... | 1994 | 7939168 |
| chemotherapy of experimental filariasis: enhancement of activity profile of ivermectin with immunomodulators. | the effect of certain immunopotentiators (freund's complete adjuvant, picroliv, tuftsin and cdri compound 86/448) was evaluated on exertion of antifilarial activity of ivermectin at different dose levels in cotton rats experimentally infected with litomosoides carinii. ivermectin alone (up to 250 micrograms/kg p.o. x 5 days) caused sterilization of most of the surviving female parasites, but had no lethal effect on adult worms. in combination with immunomodulators, ivermectin brought about signi ... | 1994 | 7942355 |
| structure-antifilarial activity relationship of 5/6/7/8-mono- or disubstituted 1h/1-phenyl-9h-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles--a new class of potential filaricides. | antifilarial activity of 5/6/7/8-mono- or disubstituted 1 h/1-phenyl-9h-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles (i) has been described. the 1,6- and 8-substituted 9h-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles (i) elicited interesting filaricidal activity against litomosoides carinii and acanthocheilonema viteae in rodent hosts. | 1994 | 7945675 |
| carboline antifilarials: effects on carbohydrate metabolising enzymes in litomosoides carinii female. | two antifilarial compounds, viz., 90/55 (7-oxo-1-phenyl-8, 14-dihydropyrido (3,4-b) imidazo (1,2-c) quinazolo (4,5-g) and 87/639 (6-nitro-1-phenyl-9h-pyrido (3,4-b) indole at 0.5 and 2.0 micron concentrations substantially inhibited glucose uptake and increased lactate production by l. carinii during in vitro incubation for 2 hr. the treated parasites, showed increased activities of glycogen phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. hexokinase and fumarate reductase activities leve ... | 1994 | 7959914 |
| activity of alpha-anilinobenzyl cyanides and 2-methoxycarbonylamino-1-phenylimidazoles, a new class of antifilarial agents. | the activity of alpha-anilinobenzyl cyanides (2a-f), 5-aryl-4,5-dihydro-2-methoxycarbonylamino-1-phenylimidazoles (5a-d) and 2-methoxycarbonylamino-1-phenyl-1,3-diazaspiro[4:5]dec-2-ene (5f) have been tested for their micro- and macrofilaricidal activity against litomosoides carinii and acanthocheilonema viteae in rodents. in this test alpha-anilinobenzyl cyanides (2a-b), 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2-methoxy-carbonylamino-1-phenylim idazole (5b) and 2-methoxycarbonylamino-1-phenyl-1,3-diaza ... | 1994 | 8075300 |
| experimental chemotherapy of filariasis: comparative evaluation of the efficacy of filaricidal compounds in mastomys coucha infected with litomosoides carinii, acanthocheilonema viteae, brugia malayi and b. pahangi. | eleven types/classes of compound with antifilarial activity were comparatively evaluated in mastomys coucha infected with litomosoides carinii, acanthocheilonema viteae, brugia malayi or b. pahangi. the paper deals with the efficacy of (i) predominantly microfilaricidal compounds [diethylcarbamazine, levamisole, avermectins (ivermectin, milbemycin), nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin, hydroxymethylnitrofurantoin, nifurtimox, furazolidone, furapyrimidone), organophosphorals (metrifonate, haloxon), and a ... | 1993 | 8094587 |
| effect of antibiotics on protein synthesis in filarial parasites. | acanthocheilonema viteae, litomosoides carinii and setaria cervi were found to actively synthesize proteins in vitro. different centrifugation fractions and their tca-precipitable fractions were assessed for the distribution of newly synthesized proteins. penicillin and streptomycin inhibited the process in a. viteae. the synthesis in s. cervi was susceptible to puromycin, chloramphenicol, cycloheximide, neomycin and polymyxin b. the process in l. carinii was strongly blocked by puromycin while ... | 1993 | 8132970 |
| evaluation of vanillic acid analogues as a new class of antifilarial agents. | a number of vanillic acid analogues (1-14) have been synthesised and evaluated against experimental filarial infections using cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) infected with litomosoides carinii, a primary screening model, at a dose of 30 mg/kg, ip for 5 days. of the 8 compounds tested, 4 (5,7, 11 and 12) exhibited high micro- and macro-filaricidal activity with sterilization of surviving female worms. compounds 5, 7, 12 showed remarkable adulticidal action (> 80%). sterilization of the female wor ... | 1993 | 8276433 |
| embryogenesis in litomosoides carinii from pyridoxine deficient cotton rats. | pyridoxine (vitamin b6) deficiency was induced in cotton rats which were then infected with the filarial parasite litomosoides carinii. embryogenesis was assessed microscopically in worms taken from pyridoxine deficient cotton rats and from various categories of control animals. embryogenesis was retarded in worms from pyridoxine deficient hosts and more abnormal embryos were present in such worms than in those from control animals. | 1993 | 8288852 |
| the gene coding for the major sheath protein of litomosoides carinii microfilariae, gp22, is transcribed in oocytes and embryonic cells. | the transcription and translation of the gene encoding gp22, a major constituent of the microfilarial sheath of the filarial parasite litomosoides carinii were studied by in situ hybridisation and immunohistology. transcription of the gp22 gene is confined to oocytes and embryos in the reproductive organs of adult female worms. it starts in oocytes in the rhachis zone, is maximal in multicellular embryos and decreases slowly as the microfilariae develop. blood microfilariae lack the gp22 transcr ... | 1993 | 8366885 |
| non-specific effects of setaria cervi antigen, adjuvants and vaccines against litomosoides carinii infection in cotton rats, sigmodon hispidus. | | 1993 | 8406609 |
| identification of a region of genetic variability among bacillus anthracis strains and related species. | the identification of a region of sequence variability among individual isolates of bacillus anthracis as well as the two closely related species, bacillus cereus and bacillus mycoides, has made a sequence-based approach for the rapid differentiation among members of this group possible. we have identified this region of sequence divergence by comparison of arbitrarily primed (ap)-pcr "fingerprints" generated by an m13 bacteriophage-derived primer and sequencing the respective forms of the only ... | 1996 | 8550456 |
| induction and prevention of shock-like lethal side effects after microfilaricidal treatment in filariae infected rodents. | in contrast to human carriers of microfilariae, filariae infected rodents generally tolerate an effective microfilaricidal treatment without obvious signs of adverse reactions. the study shows, however, that also the filariae (litomosoides carinii, brugia malayi) infected rodent mastomys coucha can be rendered sensitive to side effects of the treatment by the administration of d-galactosamine (d-gal), due to reduction of liver utp levels. independent of the drug (diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, ... | 1995 | 8826101 |
| activities of glycogen phosphorylase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in adult worms of litomosoides carinii recovered from pyridoxine deficient cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus). | this paper demonstrates that the activities of glycogen phosphorylase (gp), alanine aminotransferase (alt) and aspartate aminotransferase (ast) are reduced in adult worms of the filarial nematode litomosoides carinii recovered from pyridoxine-deficient cotton rats when compared to worms recovered from pyridoxine-sufficient controls. gp, alt and ast activities were determined in adult worms l. carinii recovered from cotton rat hosts over a 20-week experimental period. activities of gp, alt and as ... | 1996 | 8851863 |
| electron microscopic observation of eosinophils migrated to the thoracic cavity of litomosoides carinii-infected mice. | in order to study the role of eosinophils in filarial infection, ddy mice were inoculated with 20 litomosoides carinii 7-day larvae each by the artificial pneumothorax technique. migrated cells and larvae were collected from the thoracic cavity of the infected mice weekly from the 1st to the 8th week after infection and prepared for transmission electron microscopic observation. the number of migrated eosinophils and the proportion of eosinophils in the total migrated cells reached a peak at the ... | 1996 | 8906114 |
| dimethylaminoethanol is a major component of the litomosoides carinii microfilarial sheath. | | 1996 | 8920021 |
| ultrastructure of the alimentary tract of third-stage larvae of litomosoides carinii. | the ultrastructural morphology of the alimentary tract of the third-stage larvae of litomosoides carinii (nematoda: filarioidea) is described. the oesophagus possesses the characteristic tri-radiate lumen and is lined by cuticle. teh lumen of the oesophagus is tightly occluded anteriorly by particulate material and posteriorly at the oesophagointestional junction. three glands are present in the glandular region, one dorsal and two subventral. these glands contain secretory granules with similar ... | 1996 | 8984112 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies against excretory-secretory products of adult male onchocerca gibsoni. | nine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been produced against excretory-secretory products (es) of adult male onchocerca gibsoni. these mabs fail to interact with the highly cross-reactive phosphorylcholine (pc) group and with es of the related rodent filarial parasites acanthocheilonema viteae and litomosoides carinii. eight of the mabs are of the igg isotype: 1 is an igm. three of the mabs, ogmes 4, 9, and 10, were each found by immunoprecipitation/sds-page analysis of [3h] leucine-labeled es, ... | 1997 | 9105319 |
| ivermectin-induced killing of microfilariae in vitro by neutrophils mediated by no. | rat neutrophil granulocytes isolated after intraperitoneal casein injection of the donors exhibit high cytotoxic efficacy in vitro against microfilariae of litomosoides carinii in the presence of ivermectin. optimum effects of 80-90% killing of microfilariae were obtained with 100 ng ivermectin per milliliter and a microfilariae: cell ratio of 1:100. spleen cells killed approximately 30% of the microfilariae under these conditions. cytotoxic effects were independent of any adherence of the cell ... | 1997 | 9207741 |
| antifilarial activity of a synthetic marine alkaloid, aplysinopsin (cdri compound 92/138). | cdri compound 92/138, a synthetic analogue of aplysinopsin, was evaluated in experimental filarial infections, litomosoides carinii in cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) and acanthocheilonema viteae in mastomys coucha. the compound killed 63.8 and 90% of adult l. carinii and a. viteae at doses of 30 and 50 mg/kg (i.p.) respectively given for 5 days. by the oral route, at 100 mg/kg for 5 days the compound caused 50.9 and 57% mortality of adult l. carinii and a. viteae, respectively. at 200 mg/kg adm ... | 1997 | 9236820 |
| potent 1,3-disubstituted-9h-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles as new lead compounds in antifilarial chemotherapy. | substituted 9h-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles (beta-carbolines), identified in our laboratory as potential pharmacophores for designing macrofilaricidal agents, have been explored further for identifying the pharmacophore responsible for the high order of adulticidal activity. this has led to syntheses and macrofilaricidal evaluations of a number of 1-aryl-9h-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate derivatives (3-7). the macrofilaricidal activity was initially evaluated in vivo against acanthoeilonema viteae. a ... | 1999 | 10229635 |
| potent 1,3-disubstituted-9h-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles as new lead compounds in antifilarial chemotherapy. | substituted 9h-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles (beta-carbolines) identified in our laboratory as potential pharmacophore for designing macrofilaricidal agents, have been explored further for identifying the pharmacophore responsible for high order of adulticidal activity. this has led to syntheses and macrofilaricidal evaluations of a number of 1-aryl-9h-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate derivatives (3-7). the macrofilarical activity was initially evaluated in vivo against acanthoeilonema viteae. amongst a ... | 1999 | 10428395 |
| antifilarial activity of some 2h-1-benzopyran-2-ones (coumarins). | six synthetic 2h-1-benzopyran-2-one (cournarin) derivatives (cdri compounds # 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) were evaluated for filaricidal activity against litomosoides carinii and acanthocheilonema viteae infections in cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) and mastomys coucha respectively. significant effects on macrofilariae (>80% death/sterilisation) were detected with compounds #2, 3 and 6 against l. carinii and/or a. viteae. thus detection of filaricidal activity in benzopyrones, which are so far known fo ... | 2000 | 10936568 |
| [parasitic helminths from sigmodon hispidus (rodentia: cricetidae) from seasonal and evergreen habitats in costa rica]. | the helminthological fauna of the cotton rat, sigmodon hispidus in a tropical environment varies according to habitat and feeding behavior. six species of nematodes (longistriata adunca, trichostrongylus sigmodontis, strongyloides sigmodontis, litomosoides carinii, monodontus sp. and protospirura sp.) and two species of cestodes (hymenolepis diminuta and raillietina sp.) were found in rats from extensive dry lands in guanacaste where hot temperatures and heterogeneous diet are the rule. only two ... | 2000 | 11021315 |
| shp1 protein-tyrosine phosphatase regulates hoxa10 dna binding and transcriptional repression activity in undifferentiated myeloid cells. | the homeodomain protein hoxa10 interacts with negative cis elements to repress gene transcription in undifferentiated myeloid cells. the cybb and ncf2 genes, which encode the gp91(phox) and p67(phox) proteins, are two such hoxa10 target genes. during interferon gamma-induced myeloid differentiation, tyrosine phosphorylation decreases hoxa10 dna binding affinity and transcriptional repression. therefore, decreased hoxa10 repression contributes to increased cybb and ncf2 transcription in different ... | 2002 | 12145285 |
| 7-o-[4-methyl piperazine-1-(2-acetyl)]-2h-1-benzopyran-2-one: a novel antifilarial lead compound. | in preliminary studies we found that benzopyrones (coumarins), which are known to exert many biological activities including anti-inflammatory effect, possess promising macrofilaricidal action as well. in order to explore the possibility of combining such a macrofilaricidal activity with the microfilaricidal potential of the known piperazine pharmacophore, we synthesized a series of compounds and evaluated their antifilarial effect. in the present study, one of these compounds, 7-o-[4-methyl pip ... | 2003 | 12826297 |
| observations on the early fate of the microfilariae of litomosoides carinii (travassos, 1919), filarial parasite of the cotton rat, after their ingestion by the vector, bdellonyssus bacoti (hirst, 1913). | | 1953 | 13041128 |
| the early migration-rate of the infective larva of litomosoides carinii in the cotton rat. | | 1953 | 13041133 |
| a nesting method used for prolonged exposure of cotton rats to superinfection with their filarial parasite, litomosoides carinii (travassos, 1919). | | 1953 | 13125269 |
| the reproductive system of litomosoides carinii, a filarial parasite of the cotton rat. i. development of gonads and initial insemination. | | 1954 | 13229271 |
| the reproductive system of litomosoides carinii, a filarial parasite of the cotton rat. ii. the frequency of insemination. | | 1954 | 13229272 |
| the reproductive system of litomosoides carinii, a filarial parasite of the cotton rat. iii. the number of microfilariae produced. | | 1954 | 13229273 |
| the identification and estimation of acetylcholine in three parasitic nematodes (ascaris lumbricoides, litomosoides carinii, and the microfilariae of dirofilaria repens). | | 1955 | 13280270 |
| studies of litomosoides carinii by phase-contrast microscopy; the development of the larvae. | | 1956 | 13319680 |
| the periodicity of microfilariae. iv. stimuli affecting the migration of the microfilariae of dirofilaria aethiops, d. immitis, d. repens, dipetalonema blanci and litomosoides carinii. | | 1956 | 13360991 |
| comparative experiments with a florida strain of litomosoides carinii in eastern and texas cotton rats. | | 1957 | 13490422 |
| immunity to challenging infections of litomosoides carinii produced by transfer of developing worms. | | 1958 | 13539711 |
| the survival of migratory and post-migratory stages of litomosoides carinii in white rats. | | 1959 | 13642170 |
| studies on litomosoides carinii infection in white rats and black mice. | | 1961 | 13750046 |
| the spermatogenesis and embryology of litomosoides carinii and dirofilaria immitis. | | 1960 | 13775557 |
| plasma proteins of susceptible and resistant hosts of the filarial worm, litomosoides carinii. | | 1961 | 13788107 |
| the effect of antifilarial drugs on the embryonic development of litomosoides carinii, of the cotton-rat. | | 1960 | 13837107 |
| preliminary studies on the in vitro action of potassium permanganate on the adult worms and microfilariae of litomosoides carinii. | | 1961 | 13859728 |
| the role of the spleen in controlling the number of microfilariae (dirofilaria immitis, d. repens, litomosoides carinii and dipetalonema witei) in the blood. | | 1962 | 13905508 |
| studies on the in vitro action of potassium permanganate on the adult worms of dirofilaria immitis, microfilariae of dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis and of hydrogen peroxide on the adult worms of litomosoides carinii. | | 1961 | 13913315 |
| evidence of acquired immunity against microfilariae of litomosoides carinii in albino rats with mite-induced infection. | | 1962 | 13990625 |
| the effects of cortisone treatment on natural resistance and acquired responses of the white rat to infection with litomosoides carinii. | | 1963 | 14015454 |
| the course of mite-induced infection of litomosoides carinii in albino rats treated with diethylcarbamazine--absence of any evidence effect on adult worms. | | 1963 | 14274296 |
| experimental infection of gerbils with litomosoides carinii via intravenous injection. | | 1965 | 14336935 |
| the cellular response of white rats to litomosoides carinii larvae as influenced by cortisone, age, and previous infection. | | 1959 | 14428820 |
| [testing method of filarial preparations of white rats infected with litomosoides carinii]. | | 1959 | 14438427 |
| infection of the albino rat with the filarial parasite. litomosoides carinii, of cotton rats. | | 1961 | 14490071 |
| a description of the stages in the life cycle of the filarial worm litomosoides carinii. | | 1951 | 14889378 |
| observations on litomosoides carinii (travassos, 1919) chandler, 1931; the first-stage larva in the peripheral circulation. | | 1949 | 15393596 |
| the pathways of energy generation in filarial parasites. | it has been commonly accepted that most adult filarial parasites use the glycolytic breakdown of carbohydrates to lactate as a preferred route to supply their energy requirements. their ability to catabolize glucose by oxygen-dependent pathways is rather limited. an exception to this is the rodent filarial species litomosoides carinii, which requires a unique type of aerobic glucose metabolism to maintain motor activity and survival. however, the prominent role of carbohydrates as energy substra ... | 1991 | 15463379 |
| lethal lps-independent side effects after microfilaricidal treatment in acanthocheilonema viteae-infected rodents. | mastomys coucha and jirds infected with acanthocheilonema viteae, a filarial species free of endosymbiontic bacteria of the genus wolbachia, suffer lethal side effects after effective microfilaricidal therapy with diethylcarbamazine and levamisole, whereas, m. coucha infected with the wolbachia-infested species brugia malayi or litomosoides carinii tolerate corresponding treatment. mortality in a. viteae infected, treated animals varied with microfilariae density in the blood. it was up to 100% ... | 2005 | 15997410 |
| transplantation of adult filarial worms, litomosoides carinii, in cotton rats. | | 1946 | 17773898 |
| distribution of radioactive arsenic following intraperitoneal injection of sodium arsenite into cotton rats infected with litomosoides carinii. | | 1945 | 17777359 |
| the transmission of litomosoides carinii, filariid parasite of the cotton rat, by the tropical rat mite, liponyssus bacoti. | | 1946 | 17795088 |
| the development of litomosoides carinii filariid parasite of the cotton rat in the tropical rat mite. | | 1945 | 17831480 |
| studies on the metabolism of the filarial worm, litomosoides carinii. | the filarial worm, litomosoides carinii, has a high rate of aerobic and anaerobic glucose metabolism. aerobically 30 to 45 per cent of the glucose utilized was converted to lactic acid, 25 to 35 per cent to acetic acid, and 10 to 20 per cent to a polysaccharide. anaerobically over 80 per cent of the total carbohydrate removed by the filariae was metabolized to lactic acid, the remainder was accounted for by the production of acetic acid. the high rates of aerobic and anaerobic lactic acid produc ... | 1949 | 18099168 |
| observations on litomosoides carinii (travassos, 1919) chandler, 1931; the development of the first-stage larva. | | 1948 | 18110351 |
| the relative a antifilarial activity of a series of cyanine dyes against litomosoides carinii, in vitro and in the cotton rat. | | 1949 | 18111495 |