| viability of echinococcus granulosus cysts in mice following cultivation in vitro. | the viability of hydatid cysts developed in vitro for 90 days was assessed by implantation into mice. cysts removed from mice at 270 days post-infection (p.i.) increased their size 13.5-fold and contained several brood capsules containing protoscoleces. thus, cysts remain viable after prolonged in vitro culture. the implantation in mice of 15 cysts developed in vitro yielded an average of 10 cysts per mouse, which is indicative of a high survival rate in these experimental infections. the ultras ... | 1992 | 1639569 |
| comparative cytotoxicity of secondary hydatid cysts, protoscoleces, and in vitro developed microcysts of echinococcus granulosus. | infection with the metacestode of echinococcus granulosus is characterized by a concomitant immunity. survival of established and developing hydatid cysts in the intermediate host implies a mechanism to modulate its immunological reactions. in order to investigate this mechanism, secondary hydatid cysts were isolated from intraperitoneally infected laboratory white mice (strain nmri) 12 months p.i. a number of hydatid cysts were freed from the surrounding host adventitial tissue. monolayer cultu ... | 1992 | 1640086 |
| echinococcus granulosus: use of an intermediate host mouse model to evaluate sources of protective antigens and a role for antibody in the immune response. | a balb/cj mouse model was used to determine which stage of the e. granulosus life cycle possessed the most potent protective antigens. mice were immunized with crude extracts of protoscoleces, brood capsules, cyst fluid, adult worm tissue, eggs or oncospheres and then challenged intraperitoneally with 600 activated oncospheres. sonically disrupted oncospheres induced the highest levels of protection (greater than 90%) at doses greater than or equal to 10(3) oncosphere equivalents per mouse. high ... | 1992 | 1644518 |
| a case of natural hydatidosis in a baboon. | four large and several smaller cysts of echinococcus granulosus were found in the liver of a baboon submitted for necropsy. three of the large cysts had an atypical structure and were packed with a semi-solid mass of collapsed daughter cysts, small cysts containing fluid and involuted membranes. this atypical structure has been reported previously though only in baboons. | 1992 | 1644938 |
| pulmonary echinococcus granulosus in a baboon (papio anubis). | | 1991 | 1658451 |
| a reconsideration of the echinococcus granulosus strain situation in australia following rflp analysis of cystic material. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis, previously shown to be a relatively simple and reproducible method for distinguishing discrete strains of e. granulosus, could not discriminate between e. granulosus originating from central queensland macropod marsupials, australian mainland sheep or united kingdom sheep. furthermore, sheep cyst material from tasmania and the australian mainland was indistinguishable using this approach. as a result of this dna analysis, the existence of ... | 1991 | 1680829 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the ribosomal rna genes of the cestode echinococcus granulosus. | 1. the analysis of total protoscolex dna and some rdna recombinants of echinococcus granulosus by restriction endonuclease mapping and hybridization to rdna probes indicated the complex organization of the ribosomal rna genes and that some repeat units are larger than 15 kb. the non-transcribed spacer can be up to 13 kb in length in some repeat units. 2. restriction site polymorphism was detected mainly in the nontranscribed spacer regions although some polymorphism was also observed in the 28s ... | 1991 | 1688058 |
| basophil releasability in human hydatidosis. | we studied immunoglobulin e (ige)- and non-ige-mediated releasability in basophils from 31 patients with hydatidosis. histamine release to non-ige-dependent stimuli did not differ significantly between normal individuals and patients with hydatidosis. on the contrary, an increased histamine liberation was obtained by challenging basophils from hydatid patients with anti-human ige. it is concluded that echinococcus granulosus infection induces an enhanced sensitivity of basophils to ige-dependent ... | 1990 | 1690179 |
| characterization of echinococcus granulosus species or subspecies at the level of nucleic acid contents. | the present study is an attempt to clarify the nature of the differences in the subspecies of echinococcus granulosus in egypt by comparing the contents of the nucleic acid in the cysts obtained from livers and lungs of camel, pig and sheep, intermediate hosts, as well as in the adult worms obtained by experimentally feeding of these cysts to puppies. the biochemical study revealed that the mean values of dna and rna in fertile camel lung-cysts as well as in its adult worms were significantly lo ... | 1990 | 1698603 |
| use of a monoclonal antibody specific for a protein epitope of echinococcus granulosus antigen 5 in a competitive antibody radioimmunoassay for diagnosis of hydatid disease. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) designated as eg 02 154/12, specific for the major antigen (antigen 5) of echinococcus granulosus was produced, and used to study the binding sites recognized by anti-antigen 5 antibodies from patients with hydatid disease. the nature of the target epitope was partially characterized. the antibody reactivity was analyzed towards sheep hydatid fluid antigens (shf ag) using elisa, immunoelectrophoresis (iep), western blotting (wb), and immunoprecipitation (ip). in iep, ... | 1990 | 1700018 |
| [the interferon status in helminthiases. 1. human unilocular hydatid disease]. | in 51 patients with echinococcus granulosus infection, blood if alpha and if gamma levels were measured using vesicular stomatitis virus culture. in patients with progressing disease, the if alpha and if gamma levels were significantly lower than in the benign form of the disease--144 +/- 28.8 and 51.6 +/- 10.1 u/ml, respectively (in healthy controls the levels were 1024 +/- 28.8 and 187.7 +/- 16.9 u/ml). the lowest levels of if alpha and if gamma were found in patients with primary localization ... | 1990 | 1700262 |
| molecular cloning of an echinococcus granulosus protein expressing an immunogenic epitope of antigen 5. | cdna was synthesized from rna extracted from echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces and cloned in the lambda gt11 expression vector. a pool of 5 e. granulosus patient sera was used to screen the library and allowed the selection of 13 clones. ten of these were shown to be identical, among which clone 6 (eg6) was chosen for further analysis. the nucleotide sequence (456-bp) presented an entire open reading frame coding for 152 amino acids. the fusion protein (fp6) was recognized by a mouse monoclo ... | 1991 | 1710034 |
| echinococcus granulosus: antigenic proteins in oncospheres and on the surface of protoscoleces identified by serum antibodies from infected dogs. | proteins present in oncospheres and on the surface of living protoscoleces of echinococcus granulosus were radioiodinated by the lodogen technique and immunoprecipitated with sera from dogs with e granulosus infection and several categories of control sera. analysis of immunoprecipitates was performed using sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to identify antigenic protein components specific for e granulosus. sera from dogs with e granulosus infection identified antigenic ... | 1991 | 1715595 |
| echinococcus granulosus: antigen characterization by chemical treatment and enzymatic deglycosylation. | parasite antigenic fractions obtained by biochemical purification of sheep hydatid fluid were subjected to enzymatic digestion. the relative mobilities of the 5 and b antigens, before and after treatment, were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and western blot. antigenic fractions transferred to nitrocellulose were also treated with sodium metaperiodate and concanavalin a. the results indicate that antigen 5 contains a substantial amount of carbohydrates covalently linked ... | 1991 | 1720395 |
| diagnostic value of a synthetic peptide derived from echinococcus granulosus recombinant protein. | a specific monoclonal antibody (mab; eg 02 154/12) directed against a protein epitope of echinococcus granulosus antigen 5 was used to screen a cdna library constructed from e. granulosus protoscoleces rna. one clone designated eg14 was selected and shown to code for an amino acid sequence partially homologous to that of the clone eg6 previously identified with the same mab. hydrophobic cluster analysis showed that both recombinant antigens may adopt a similar alpha-helical organization and shar ... | 1992 | 1737836 |
| echinococcus granulosus: development of an intermediate host mouse model for use in vaccination studies. | a mouse model has been developed to evaluate potential protective antigens which could render intermediate hosts resistant to a challenge infection with echinococcus granulosus eggs. dba/2j, cba/j, balb/cj, c57/b16j and cf-1 mice were initially infected orally and parenterally with eggs, hatched eggs or activated oncospheres. generally less than 1% of the oral dose established as cysts. mean cysts counts were increased when balb/cj mice were injected intraperitoneally or intravenously with activ ... | 1991 | 1743850 |
| ultrastructure and microanalyses of the protoscolex hooks of echinococcus granulosus. | the rostellar distal cytoplasm of echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces is characterized by extensive basal membrane infolding, prominent hemidesmosomes and is subtended by a lamina reticularis with microfibrils of approximately 10 nm diameter that occasionally show a 55 nm banding periodicity. the rostellar hooks, in 2 rows, each have a blade, guard and handle region and possess a central amorphous pulp, a middle microfibrillar medulla with microfibrils of approximately 4 nm diameter, and a com ... | 1991 | 1745552 |
| renal hydatid disease. | hydatid disease is caused by the larval form of taenia echinococcus (echinococcus granulosus) in humans, the most common sites being the liver and the lungs. involvement of the kidneys is uncommon and can be asymptomatic for long periods. renal hydatid disease has no pathognomonic signs except for hydatiduria. because of the risk of fatal anaphylaxis, puncture of the cyst should be avoided, and partial or total nephrectomy is still the preferred treatment. we present 10 patients with renal hydat ... | 1991 | 1747719 |
| metalloproteinases in the larvae of echinococcus granulosus. | proteolytic activity in hydatid cyst fluid, cyst membranes and protoscoleces of e. granulosus was analyzed by electrophoresis in gelatin-containing polyacrylamide gels, including characterization with a set of protease inhibitors. all contained metalloproteinases in the range 60-120 kda, with neutral/alkaline ph optima. major activity was observed in hydatid fluid and the membranes (five bands) with both exhibiting similar electrophoretic patterns. the samples prepared from protoscoleces shared ... | 1991 | 1757206 |
| cloning and characterisation of an immunodominant major surface antigen of echinococcus multilocularis. | a lambda gt11 cdna expression library from mrna of echinococcus multilocularis protoscolices has been constructed in escherichia coli y1090. immunoscreening with pooled sera obtained from patients suffering from e. multilocularis disease revealed 5 reactive clones. by partial dna sequence comparison all clones proved to encode the same gene. the complete cdna sequence of the clone pem10 with the largest insert of 2.2 kb was determined and an open reading frame of 1.7 kb could be described. the d ... | 1991 | 1762625 |
| [the role of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of hydatid disease]. | the echinococcus granulosus disease, or hydatidosis, is endemic in italy; it has high incidence in sardinia, latium and apulia. the ct findings were examined of 120 patients with hydatid cysts in the liver, lungs, kidney, spleen, peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneal space, and spine. the smallest cyst demonstrated by ct had diameter = 1 cm; ct was also more sensitive than conventional radiology and us in demonstrating unusual localizations of hydatid cysts. ct findings alone allowed a correct diag ... | 1991 | 1767048 |
| effect of host sex and litter on the population dynamics of echinococcus granulosus in dogs. | twenty-one beagle dogs consisting of 10 males and 11 females and belonging to 3 litters were infected with 60,000 e. granulosus protoscolices each. they were killed on day 40, the parasites from their intestines recovered, and the number of worms, average number of proglottides per worm, average length per worm, percentage of worms with a uterine cavity, and percentage of egg-bearing worms were determined for each dog and analyzed per sex and litter. on average, the dogs had 1,253 +/- 339 worms ... | 1991 | 1779298 |
| in vitro and in vivo efficacy of epsiprantel against echinococcus granulosus. | in vitro, epsiprantel at a concentration of 10 micrograms ml-1 caused tegumental damage and death of protoscoleces, juveniles (seven-day-old) and adult (37-day-old) echinococcus granulosus. degenerative changes and death occurred more rapidly in the older parasites. similarly, epsiprantel was more effective against adult (28-day-old) than seven-day-old experimental infections of e granulosus in dogs. oral doses of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg kg-1 were greater than 96 per cent, 99.9 per cent and 99.99 per ... | 1991 | 1780591 |
| the origin of a new focus of infection with echinococcus granulosus in tasmania. | hydatid cysts were discovered in cattle on king island, north of tasmania, where echinococcus granulosus was thought to have been eradicated. using enzyme electrophoresis, isolates from king island were compared genetically with isolates from tasmania and the mainland of australia. the genetic distinctness of the king island isolates make it unlikely that they originated from a recent introduction from either tasmania or mainland australia. alternative possibilities, that the infection resulted ... | 1991 | 1787038 |
| experimental infection of libyan sheep with echinococcus granulosus. | the growth rate of unilocular hydatid cysts over a two-year period was studied in libyan sheep dosed orally with gravid segments of echinococcus granulosus taken from stray town dogs. seven of the eight sheep dosed with 20-100 gravid segments (say 4000-20,000 eggs) had developed only infertile hydatid cysts after 107-611 days. sheep dosed with 1000 gravid segments (say 200,000 eggs) had developed only sterile cysts when examined 358 days after dosing. fertile cysts were recovered from the lungs ... | 1991 | 1796885 |
| seroprevalence of echinococcus granulosus infection in a uruguayan rural human population. | serological tests using hydatid cyst fluid (hcf) are useful as a primary screen for detecting asymptomatic infections due to echinococcus granulosus in human populations. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) performed with whole sheep hcf was used to determine the prevalence of hydatid antibodies in a rural human population in uruguay. in order to eliminate cross-reactions with sheep proteins in hcf, 1% normal sheep serum was added to each human serum before testing. elisa seropositives ... | 1991 | 1801351 |
| evaluation of a rapid dot-elisa as a field test for the diagnosis of cystic hydatid disease. | a rapid dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) was developed as a field test for the diagnosis of cystic hydatid disease caused by echinococcus granulosus. the 30 min test was based on the detection of antibodies to antigen b of hydatid fluid and was carried out using 50 microliters of whole blood in a field assessment in the turkana region of north-west kenya. initial laboratory studies showed antigen b to be preferable to crude cyst fluid, with 94% sensitivity and 90.3% specificity ... | 1991 | 1801352 |
| advances in parasitism by larval cestodes. | a round table of international scientists was held to discuss status of research on parasitism and diseases caused by larval cestode infections. the principal species discussed included echinococcus granulosus and e. multilocularis, etiological agents of the cystic and alveolar forms of hydatid disease, respectively, and taenia solium, the cause of cysticercosis. recent advances in research include new experimental models, methods of in vitro culture, methods of immunodiagnosis, a vaccine, and n ... | 1991 | 1805671 |
| [uptake and release of mebendazole, albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide by secondary cysts of echinococcus granulosus in vitro]. | mebendazole (meb), albendazole (alb) or albendazole sulfoxide (albso) were taken rapidly in vitro by secondary cysts of echinococcus granulosus removed out from mice infected with protoscoleces 8-9 months previously. the amounts of the drugs taken by the cysts were apparently increased followed by exposure of the cysts to the drugs at 10 micrograms.ml-1. the alb penetrated into the cysts was distributed mainly in cyst wall, whereas the content of meb in cyst wall was twice as much as that in cys ... | 1991 | 1807086 |
| immunochemical localization of major hydatid fluid antigens in protoscoleces and cysts of echinococcus granulosus from human origin. | monospecific rabbit antisera obtained through experimental immunization with previously purified proteins were used in the structural localization of two hydatid fluid antigens, antigen 5 and antigen b, in cyst membranes and protoscoleces of e. granulosus from human origin. the antigen-antibody reaction was revealed by an avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. antigen 5 was not evident in the laminated membrane of the cyst wall, but it was associated with the germinal membrane of the cyst wall and ... | 1991 | 1811211 |
| [pharmacokinetics of four benzimidazoles administered intragastrically to mice infected with secondary cysts of echinococcus granulosus]. | mice infected with secondary cysts of echinococcus granulosus were treated ig with mebendazole (meb), albendazole (alb), albendazole sulfoxide (albso) or albendazole sulphone (albsp) at equal effective dosage. the blood concentrations-time courses of the four drugs were adequately fitted to a liner one-compartment open model analysed with a modified nonlin program, and the major pharmaco- kinetic parameters were then calculated (table 1). when alb was given ig to the infected mice, 76.2-84.5% of ... | 1991 | 1819898 |
| cestode vaccines. | studies over the past 20 years have clearly shown the potential for developing vaccines against larval cestode infections of man and animals. the important larval cestode infections of man (echinococcus granulosus--hydatidosis: taenia solium--cysticercosis) involve domesticated animals as intermediate hosts in their natural life-cycles. these animals develop strong immunity against reinfection, and immunity can be artificially induced by vaccination with oncosphere antigens. a major stumbling bl ... | 1991 | 1822908 |
| recent trends in the serodiagnosis of hydatid disease. | hydatid disease caused by echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic infection of cosmopolitan distribution. as the clinical manifestations of hydatid disease in man are variable, the diagnosis of the condition presents complex problems for clinicians. since the parasitic diagnosis of the disease is difficult, the specific diagnosis of the condition relies heavily on immunodiagnostic tests. the recent approach to the diagnosis of hydatid disease in man is primarily based on: (1) a combination of two ... | 1991 | 1822930 |
| use of sentinel lambs for early monitoring of the south powys hydatidosis control scheme: prevalence of echinococcus granulosus and some other helminths. | sentinel lambs were used to identify young echinococcus granulosus infections in sheep, to provide an early indication of the progress of the south powys hydatidosis control scheme. four sentinel lambs were purchased on each of 60 farms, from inside and outside the control area; they were examined when approximately six, 10 and 15 months of age. gross examination, thin slicing of organs and histological examination of the lesions in the viscera revealed no e granulosus hydatid cysts in lambs bor ... | 1991 | 1833872 |
| the epidemiology of hydatidosis with special reference to the mediterranean area. | in the mediterranean area 2 subspecies of echinococcus granulosus exist: e. g. equinus and e. g. granulosus. the latter is divided into sheep, cattle, pig and camel strains, the adult forms of which mainly occur in farm-dogs but sometimes in wild canidae. some of these strains can infect man: namely, the sheep and the pig strain. the infectivity of the cattle strains for man is not certain. the epidemiological cycle is mainly a rural one, but it can become sylvatic or even urban. thus, the epide ... | 1991 | 1841192 |
| the immunohomeostatic role of hydatid cyst toxins (echinococcus granulosus). | it is obvious that during the evolution of a host-parasite relationship, in which one animal is needing the other, while the latter is trying to expel or destroy the former, both partners tend to reach an equilibrium. in many cases they are still far off, but in hydatidosis (echinococcus granulosus) it would appear that a lot has been achieved. as the near equilibrium is mainly related to the state of the immunological relationship, it is in fact a case of immunohomeostasis. the immunological re ... | 1991 | 1841195 |
| a case of primary osseous pelvic hydatid disease (echinococcus granulosus). | | 1991 | 1854943 |
| points in question. genetic diversity in echinococcus granulosus--a reply to mcmanus. | | 1991 | 1869347 |
| [protoscolicidal effect of some chemical agents and drugs against echinococcus granulosus]. | the present paper reports the protoscolicidal action of hydrastine, ether-acetic acid-ethanol admixture, h2o2, pyquiton and albendazole through in vitro or in vivo exposure, for 15 minutes and transplantation studies. the mortality of protoscolices in vitro and in vivo were 70.2% and 68.9% for 0.3% hydrastine, 56.8% and 56.2% for 10% ether-acetic acid-ethanol admixture, 6.0% and 8.8% for 0.3% h2o2; 6.1% for 0.004% pyquiton in vitro and 5.0% were 10% and 25% for 0.3% hydrastine, 30% and for 0.004 ... | 1991 | 1873887 |
| [construction of echinococcus granulosus genomic library]. | using embl3 phage dna as a vector, a perfect genomic library of echinococcus granulosus from sheep from xinjiang has been constructed, which contains 1.2 x 10(6) independent recombinants. the main procedure of construction comprised: 1. extraction of echinococcus granulosus genomic dna, 2. partial digestion of the extracted e. granulosus genomic dna with restriction enzyme sau3al, 3. harvest of 15-23 kb dna fragments by electric elution equipment, 4. preparation of embl3 phage vector dna, 5. cle ... | 1991 | 1873893 |
| cerebral hydatid cysts in children. | twelve children with intracranial cysts of echinococcus granulosus underwent surgery during a period of 5 years and constituted 19% of all children operated on for intracranial space-occupying lesions. the more common symptoms were raised intracranial pressure (8 cases) and hemiparesis (7 cases). the total number of procedures was 14, with a standard craniotomy approach in 13. in 6 the cysts were removed without puncture or rupture, in 5 puncture and drainage were carried out before removal of c ... | 1991 | 1878870 |
| detection of antibodies against echinococcus granulosus major antigens and their subunits by immunoblotting. | an immunoblot assay was tested to evaluate its ability to diagnose human hydatidosis and to analyse the reactivity of hydatid patients' sera with the subunits of the 2 major echinococcus granulosus antigens (5 and b). in all, 308 sera were examined: 166 sera from patients with clinically diagnosed hydatidosis, 100 sera from healthy control subjects, and 42 sera from patients with diseases other than hydatidosis. the sensitivity of the method was 90%, as compared to 78% with the immunoelectrophor ... | 1991 | 1887482 |
| the growth and development of echinococcus granulosus of sheep origin in dogs and foxes in britain. | four separate experiments were carried out by dosing dogs (beagles and border collies) and red foxes with protoscoleces obtained from hydatid cysts in sheep from mid-wales. the dogs and foxes were killed at intervals over a period from 34-180 days after infection and the intestines were examined for echinococcus granulosus. border collie dogs were efficient hosts in that large numbers of worms developed, with gravid segments present by 55 days after infection; but beagle dogs were poor hosts in ... | 1991 | 1888221 |
| the epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus in the u.k. viii. the structure of adult colonies of e.g. equinus say in farm dogs in wales. | the status of echinococcus granulosus equinus in farm dogs was examined in two valleys in south powys, wales. in one valley 76% of the dogs examined were infected, and there was at least one infected dog on every farm except one. in the second valley 49% of the dogs were infected. the structure of natural adult colonies of echinococcus is described, and the population dynamics of the parasite in the u.k. is discussed. every colony in the dogs, excepting the very smallest and the very youngest, c ... | 1991 | 1888222 |
| membrane transport of amino acid enantiomers in protoscoleces of echinococcus granulosus (cestoda). | protoscoleces of echinococcus granulosus absorb both l- and d-alanine. concentration ratios exceed 1 with values for d-alanine exceeding those for the l-isomer, suggesting that both are absorbed by active mechanisms. uptake of both isomers involves both diffusion and carrier-mediated components. values for the diffusion component (kd) for l- and d-alanine were 0.21 and 0.38 nmol mg-1 protein/1.5 min mm-1 respectively, and values for kt, the transport constants, 0.17 mm and 0.21 mm respectively. ... | 1991 | 1888223 |
| mr imaging in hydatid disease. | hydatid cysts may develop anywhere in the body as a result of the presence of a viable parasite (echinococcus granulosus). depending on the condition of the parasite, the host reaction, and therapy, the hydatid cyst will degenerate and may eventually collapse, leaving an area of calcification in the host tissue. the purpose of this pictorial essay is to demonstrate the use of mr imaging in the diagnosis of the various stages of hydatid disease and in monitoring response to therapy. | 1991 | 1892028 |
| serodiagnosis of echinococcosis: evaluation of two reference laboratories. | two reference laboratories (cdc, atlanta, and institute of hygiene, vienna) were evaluated for their ability to diagnose echinococcosis from single serum-specimens by serological assays. out of 18 specimens, both laboratories correctly identified the 12 sera from patients with echinococcosis. each laboratory was able to give the species diagnosis for 11 of 12 cases. the cdc abstained from giving a final species-diagnosis for a serum from a patient with alveolar echinococcosis, the institute of h ... | 1991 | 1896766 |
| antibody responses to in vitro translation products following albendazole therapy for echinococcus granulosus. | immunoprecipitation of antigens translated in vitro from echinococcus granulosus rna revealed that albendazole treatment of human hydatidosis induced antibodies to previously undetectable antigens and that the response to most antigens was specific, although cross-reactivity was observed between schistosoma mansoni and e. granulosus antisera for two proteins. | 1991 | 1929340 |
| a monoclonal antibody against echinococcus multilocularis em2 antigen. | a monoclonal antibody (mab g11) species-specific to the em2 antigen of echinococcus multilocularis was generated for (i) further biological characterization of the em2 antigen, (ii) easy affinity-purification of em2 antigen for immunodiagnostic and immunological investigations and (iii) development of a sandwich-elisa for the detection of em2 antigen in diagnostic samples and thus species-specific identification of e. multilocularis metacestode material. the mab g11 was used in an antibody sandw ... | 1991 | 1945524 |
| echinococcosis (hydatid disease) in missouri: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration of a lung cyst. | echinococcus granulosus was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology of a lung cyst in a 6-yr-old white female in central missouri. no adverse reaction occurred following the aspiration. the cytologic sample yielded clear fluid containing numerous clearly identifiable protoscoleces diagnostic for echinococcosis using routine pap staining. since hydatid disease is extremely uncommon in the midwest, it had not initially been considered in the differential diagnosis. the infection was probably ... | 1991 | 1954835 |
| assessment of a serological test for the detection of echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in kenya. | | 1990 | 1973026 |
| a protein secreted in vivo by echinococcus granulosus inhibits elastase activity and neutrophil chemotaxis. | a cdna encoding the carboxy-terminal of the 12-kda subunit of antigen b of echinococcus granulosus has been cloned and sequenced. in addition, an amino acid sequence has been generated for the amino-terminal which is tentatively contiguous with the open reading frame of the dna-derived sequence. comparison of the inferred sequence of the 12-kda antigen with other known sequences indicated a limited similarity to alpha-1 antitrypsin. in functional assays, gel-purified native 12-kda antigen from n ... | 1991 | 2011156 |
| unusually heavy infections of echinococcus granulosus in wild dogs in south-eastern australia. | | 1991 | 2018455 |
| new diagnostic signs in hydatid disease; radiography, ultrasound, ct and mri correlated to pathology. | seventeen of 70 patients with hydatid disease had verified echinococcus granulosus infection of the chest. in 14 patients (20%), the primary location was the lung parenchyma. two patients had primary and one secondary mediastinal hydatid cysts, and one patient a primary hydatid cyst of the chest wall. in three above-mentioned patients, secondary pleural involvement occurred, of which two were due to ruptured pulmonary cysts and one due to an hydatid cyst arising in the liver and having prolapsed ... | 1991 | 2037004 |
| sequencing and characterization of an echinococcus multilocularis dna probe and its use in the polymerase chain reaction. | the nucleotide sequence of the cloned echinococcus multilocularis dna probe pal1 was determined in order to simplify and improve the sensitivity of a diagnostic assay through the application of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the insert-specific oligonucleotides bg1 and bg2 define a 2.6-kb fragment in the genomic dna of e. multilocularis, while bg1 and bg3 define a 0.3 kb fragment. a pcr study including 14 independent e. multilocularis isolates in addition to echinococcus granulosus. echino ... | 1991 | 2052020 |
| echinococcus granulosus cysts in the liver: management with percutaneous drainage. | twenty-one hepatic echinococcus granulosus cysts (maximal diameter, 7.5 cm +/- 4.0) in 12 patients were aspirated and irrigated with hypertonic (20%) saline under sonographic guidance. all patients had signs and symptoms of a hepatic mass caused by the cysts, which had a prominent fluid component that appeared anechoic or hypoechoic, with marked enhancement of back wall echoes. the amounts of cyst fluid aspirated and of hypertonic saline used were 190 ml +/- 240 and 120 ml +/- 90, respectively. ... | 1991 | 2052682 |
| cystic echinococcosis in the xinjiang/uygur autonomous region, people's republic of china. ii. comparison of three levels of a local preventive and control program. | a project to compare different levels of a hydatid disease control program was instigated and evaluated in 16 randomly selected villages in the xinjiang/uygur autonomous region, prc (china). factors tested included the effect of: 1) the role of a village hydatid disease control officer, 2) the use of praziquantel-medicated "bait" tablets for treatment of echinococcus granulosus tapeworms in dogs, and 3) the use of educational materials for children and adults. evaluation of contrasting treatment ... | 1991 | 2052848 |
| echinococcal cyst of the liver: diagnosis and surgical management. | the encysted larval form of echinococcus granulosus may infest man as an incidental host. the liver is the organ most commonly involved, but the lung and brain may be affected. the disease is endemic where sheep are raised with dogs in a pastoral environment. areas of high endemicity exist in rural north america. human echinococcal disease is now seen in urban medical centers because of the changing patterns of migration and immigration. an echinococcal cyst of the liver is reported in a residen ... | 1990 | 2073088 |
| [relationship between the efficacy of mebendazole and immune level of mice infected with secondary cysts of echinococcus granulosus]. | the proliferative response of lymphocytes to con a and enzyme-linked absorbent assay were used to determine the levels of cellular and humoral immunity of mice infected with ip 2000 protoscolices of echinococcus granulosus for 2, 4 or 8 months and treated twice with ip bcg 0.2 mg/mouse at an interval of 10 d, or with ip cyclophosphamide (cy) 10 mg/(kg.d) x 5 d. the results showed that the immune levels of the host were stimulated by bcg, but depressed by cy significantly. when the mice were trea ... | 1990 | 2088006 |
| echinococcosis in kenya: transmission characteristics, incidence and control measures. | kenya has the highest reported incidence of human hydatid disease in the world. up to about 30% of cattle, 15% of goats and 13% of sheep harbour the infection. the causative agent of the disease in kenya is echinococcus granulosus and a complex strain picture of this parasite has been postulated to occur. the domestic dog is the main definitive host of e. granulosus in kenya but infection in wild carnivores has also been reported. hydatid cysts have also been found in wild herbivores. although t ... | 1990 | 2094788 |
| [detection of asymptomatic carriers of hydatid cysts: specificity increase of the immunoenzyme assay]. | an enzymoimmunoassay (eie) as a screening test to select potential asymptomatic cyst carriers among the general population of areas under risk is being used in programs for the control of hydatic diseases caused by echinococcus granulosus in argentina. the experience obtained up to date, applying this assay in population surveys, indicates that depending on the prevalence in the area 10% to 30% of the individuals selected did not show images compatible with hydatic cysts. the purpose of the pres ... | 1990 | 2101521 |
| percutaneous treatment of hydatid cysts (echinococcus granulosus). | a new method called pair (puncture-aspiration of cyst contents--injection of hypertonic saline solution--reaspiration) was used as a percutaneous treatment of hydatid cysts. in 37 patients, 120 cysts were punctured. all patients had not been considered surgical candidates. the cysts were localized in the liver, peritoneum, spleen, kidneys, muscles, and bones. in 70% of patients, good results were obtained. recurrence occurred in 5 of 120 cysts, all at the beginning of our experience when a low c ... | 1990 | 2121344 |
| [effect of mebendazole, albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide on glycogen contents of echinococcus granulosus cysts in infected mice]. | mice infected with protoscoleces of echinococcus granulosus for 8-9 months were treated ig with mebendazole (meb) 50 mg.kg-1.d-1, albendazole (alb) 300 mg.kg-1.d-1 or albendazole sulfoxide (albso) 150 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 1-7 d. the glycogen contents of cyst wall in each drug groups were 1.0 +/- 0.6 - 1.8 +/- 0.9 mg/g, 1.1 +/- 0.9 - 1.8 +/- 0.8 mg/g and 0.8 +/- 0.5 - 1.5 +/- 0.9 mg/g, respectively, which were less than those 2.2 +/- 1.3 - 2.8 +/- 1.3 mg/g of corresponding control groups with respecti ... | 1990 | 2130620 |
| purification of antigen for serodiagnosis of echinococcosis. | antigen for serodiagnosis of echinococcosis is purified by chromatography on deae-cellulose and sephadex g-200 from hydatid cyst fluid. the antigen is electrophoretically pure and found sensitive and specific for echinococcus granulosus. the antigen is thermostable and is apparently a lipo protein. | 1990 | 2132502 |
| cestode infections in animals: immunological diagnosis and vaccination. | cestode infections in animals are important because several species are zoonotic, causing cysticercosis and hydatidosis in man, and because of the economic losses incurred due to infections in livestock. information on immunological diagnosis of and vaccination against cestode infection is restricted almost exclusively to the taeniid cestodes in which two groups of mammalian hosts are concerned: the intermediate host infected with the larval parasite and the definitive host infected with the adu ... | 1990 | 2132691 |
| cestode infections in korea. | epidemiological surveys concerning cestodes of medical importance in korea have been sporadically reported by many workers. among various parasitic infections, cestode infections occur less frequently than other helminthiases, but they often cause serious clinical complications. cestodes reported so far in korea belong to the order pseudophyllidea or cyclophyllidea (subclass cestoda), i.e., diphyllobothrium latum, d. yonagoense, spirometra erinacei, sparganum, hymenolepis diminuta, h. nana, meso ... | 1990 | 2133417 |
| regulation of macrophage-mediated larvicidal activity in echinococcus granulosus and mesocestoides corti (cestoda) infection in mice. | killing of metacestodes by normal or post-infection macrophages and the regulation of this activity by cytokines were studied in vitro. the protoscolecidal activity of normal macrophages against echinococcus granulosus was inhibited by a product of naive t-enriched lymphocytes co-cultured with protoscoleces (psc). by contrast, supernates from co-cultures of mesocestoides corti tetrathyridia (mct) and t-enriched or b-enriched normal lymphocytes increased killing of mct by normal macrophages. larv ... | 1990 | 2140599 |
| differential diagnosis of taenia saginata and taenia solium with dna probes. | a size selected genomic dna library was constructed using dna extracted from taenia saginata. the dna was digested using the restriction enzyme ecor1 under star conditions and the 2-4 kbase fraction, selected following sucrose density-gradient separation, was cloned in the bacteriophage lambda gt 10. a panel of cestode dnas including taenia saginata, taenia solium, taenia taeniaeformis, taenia crassiceps, echinococcus granulosus and dnas of bovine, porcine and human origin were used in conjuncti ... | 1990 | 2141926 |
| pleural complications of hydatid disease (echinococcus granulosus). | seventy patients with hydatid disease were referred to our institution during the last ten years. in all cases the clinical and radiological findings were confirmed by pathology. in three of seventy patients pleural complications were found consisting in hydropneumothorax and a life-threatening tension pneumothorax following pleural perforation of ruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts in two cases and prolapsed hepatic hydatid cyst in one case. bronchial rupture with anaphylactic symptoms and collaps ... | 1990 | 2163081 |
| ultrasound, ct and mri of ruptured and disseminated hydatid cysts. | three cases of echinococcus granulosus with rupture of hydatid cysts and widespread abdominal, pelvic or pleural dissemination are described. ultrasound (us), computed tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) allowed recognition of ruptured hydatid cysts. this assisted to come to an appropriate therapy and exclusion or confirmation of hydatid cysts elsewhere in the body. ultrasound, ct and mri are also important for follow-up, evaluation of therapeutic response and/or early diagnosis ... | 1990 | 2204531 |
| parasitological serendipity: from schistocephalus to echinococcus. | attention is drawn to the situation nowadays, whereby workers are encouraged to undertake research which appears useful or of economic importance, although the history of science indicates that many major discoveries have been the result of 'serendipity'--'the chance observation falling on the receptive eye'. some of the more important examples in medicine and parasitology are reviewed. the author then relates how he was given a stickleback infected with the plerocercoid of schistocephalus solid ... | 1990 | 2210935 |
| australasian contributions to an understanding of the epidemiology and control of hydatid disease caused by echinococcus granulosus--past, present and future. | for several years after echinococcus granulosus was introduced into australasia from europe, its life cycle was unknown. before the end of the 19th century, however, cystic hydatid disease (chd) was recognized in humans as an important cause of death, although its magnitude was not quantified. during the first 50 years of the 20th century, the urban component declined, but chd remained a serious source of ill-health. during the second half of the 20th century major research contributions have in ... | 1990 | 2210938 |
| hydatidosis in belgium: analysis of larval echinococcus granulosus by sds-page and western blotting. | echinococcosis/hydatidosis is characterized by the existence of various strains of the parasite echinococcus granulosus. in order to study the degree of variability in belgium, protoscoleces (ps) were isolated from infected intermediate hosts (horse, cattle, pig, goat and man). homogenate supernatants of these ps were compared by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting: 15 to 26 predominantly silver staining bands (depending on the source of the parasites), were selected to s ... | 1990 | 2222004 |
| epidemiology of hydatid disease in sardinia: a study of fertility of cysts in sheep. | hydatidosis, caused by echinococcus granulosus, is a cyclozoonotic disease of economic significance in sardinia. the life-cycle involves stray and sheep dogs as definitive hosts and sheep, pigs, goats and cattle as intermediate hosts. the most important intermediate host is sheep, due to home slaughtering with ready access of the viscera to dogs. this survey was undertaken in 1987 to ascertain the epidemiological significance of sheep in maintaining the life-cycle. a total of 700 (91.3%) of 767 ... | 1990 | 2230030 |
| [the ultrastructure of sterile larvocysts of echinococcus granulosus from different hosts]. | the sterile larvocysts of echinococcus granulosus are characterized by host-dependent morphological variability. the distinctions reside in the intensity of germinative layer development, glycogen and lipid content, ultrastructure of the tegument distal cytoplasm. the larvocysts obtained from one host species in different geographic zones of the country are morphologically similar. the sterile echinococcus granulosus larvocysts obtained upon experimental infection of mice demonstrate typical mor ... | 1990 | 2233541 |
| [helminths of domestic pork in ituri, upper zaire]. | in ituri (upper-zaïre) pig farming is extensively and traditionally managed, animals wandering about in the villages and neighbouring fields. helminths of the gastrointestinal tract most commonly encountered are oesophagostomum sp. hyostrongylus rubidus, globocephalus urosubulatus and ascarops strongylina. parasitic burdens are low and gross lesions not frequently seen except nodules of oesophagostomiasis. infections with metastrongylus salmi and metastrongylus pudendoctus have a very high preva ... | 1990 | 2241308 |
| points in question. genetic diversity in echinococcus granulosus. | | 1990 | 2242955 |
| survey of hepatic and pulmonary helminths of wild cervids in alberta, canada. | during the 1988 hunting season, livers and lungs from 263 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), 198 moose (alces alces), 147 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and 94 wapiti (cervus elaphus nelsoni) from alberta (canada) were collected for parasitological examination. most of the samples (89%) were submitted by big game hunters throughout the province. giant liver fluke (fascioloides magna) was found in 9% of 22 yearling and 29% of 65 adult wapiti; 4% of 161 adult moose; and 2% of 9 ... | 1990 | 2250321 |
| treatment of echinococcus granulosus hydatid disease with albendazole. | the authors report their personal experience of the treatment of 50 patients with hydatid cysts of different localization with 10-12 mg albendazole per kg per day for three months without intervals. during the treatment patients were submitted to careful clinical, biochemical, radiological and immunological controls. in all 105 hydatid cysts were observed, and the follow-up periods ranged from six to 42 months. the side effects were not severe. four patients were considered healed, 31 improved, ... | 1990 | 2256768 |
| echinococcosis in libya. iii. further studies on the prevalence of echinococcus granulosus in dogs. | of 92 dogs examined for echinococcus granulosus at five sites in libya from april 1985 to september 1988 33 (35.9%) were infected, the prevalences ranging from 60% (zawiyah) and 52.0% (tripoli) in the north-west, to 28.6% (benghazi) and 28.5% (darna) in the north-east. none of eight dogs at al-kufra, in the south-eastern desert, were infected. twenty dogs each had two to 200 worms, nine had 201-1000 worms and four each had over 1000 worms (one dog in tripoli had 17,120 worms). most infections we ... | 1990 | 2256769 |
| echinococcosis in libya. iv. prevalence of hydatidosis (echinococcus granulosus) in goats, cattle and camels. | during a survey of 14 libyan abattoirs in 1985-1987 the carcasses of 4316 locally-bred goats, cattle and camels were inspected for cysts of echinococcus granulosus. of 2295 goats, 35 adults (1.5%) had cysts; no kids were infected. thirty-one adult goats had infected livers, 28 had lung infections, and four each had cysts in their kidneys and spleens. most (59.7%) of the infections were light, with medium infections in 31.3% and heavy infections in 8.9%; 85.7% of the cysts in the lungs and 38.7% ... | 1990 | 2256770 |
| hydatid disease in the turkana district of kenya, vii: analysis of the infection pressure between definitive and intermediate hosts of echinococcus granulosus, 1979-1988. | the rate of acquisition of echinococcus granulosus and taenia hydatigena was examined in dogs treated with praziquantel in northwestern turkana district of kenya. an attempt was also made to assess the effect of drought on the prevalence of e. granulosus. the infection pressure to dogs with the cestodes was shown to be high, and the prevalence returned to pretreatment levels within six months. the unreliability of arecoline purging in prevalence studies of dog cestodes is shown by mathematical c ... | 1990 | 2260900 |
| the subspecies of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. | | 1990 | 2260907 |
| rostellar hook morphology of echinococcus granulosus (batsch, 1786) from natural and experimental australian hosts, and its implications for strain recognition. | an analysis of the rostellar hooks of australian isolates of echinococcus granulosus revealed that there was less variation in larval (metacestode) than adult characters and that metacestode characters could be measured directly from adult worms. a factor analysis indicated that two factors, one representing a contrast between number of hooks and their length, and the other representing blade lengths, were sufficient to account for 87.5% of the variance in metacestode hook measurements. these re ... | 1990 | 2263422 |
| genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in echinococcus granulosus (batsch, 1786) from domestic and sylvatic hosts on the mainland of australia. | enzyme electrophoresis was used to examine genetic variation within and between populations of echinococcus granulosus from domestic and sylvatic hosts in western and eastern australia. substantial genetic diversity was found within all populations. there was no evidence, however, of genetic differentiation between populations from different hosts or geographic areas. when isolates were grouped into previously described domestic or sylvatic strains on the basis of rostellar hook morphology, most ... | 1990 | 2263423 |
| [dominant characteristics of helminth parasitism in cattle in ituri (haut-zaire). i. the helminth fauna]. | the identification of cattle helminths in ituri was carried out by post mortem examinations in slaughterhouses and tracer calves. the thirty diagnosed species were typical of wet tropical areas of africa. the presence of dictyocaulus viviparus, ostertagia ostertagi and haemonchus similis and the absence of echinococcus granulosus constituted the original features of this inventory. | 1990 | 2263748 |
| efficacy of epsiprantel against echinococcus granulosus infections in dogs. | dogs with 41-day-old experimental infections of echinococcus granulosus were treated orally with epsiprantel. single doses of 2.5 mg kg-1, 5.0 mg kg-1 or 7.5 mg kg-1 were effective in removing more than 99 per cent of these parasites, but total clearances of worms only occurred in dogs given the highest dose. | 1990 | 2267429 |
| [uptake and distribution of [3h]praziquantel in echinococcus granulosus cysts]. | [3h]praziquantel was absorbed rapidly by the cysts in mice infected with metacestodes of echinococcus granulosus and treated with ig [3h]praziquantel 400 mg/kg (containing 3h 1.48 mbq). within 24 h after treatment, 3h content in the ectocyst was 27.7-54.9% higher than that in cyst wall. the peak concentration of 3h in cyst wall and cyst fluid were 11.7-15.3% of those found in plasma. however, when the cysts were exposed to [3h]praziquantel 20 micrograms/ml (containing 3h 3.7 kbq), the 3h radioac ... | 1990 | 2275396 |
| a recombinant antigen with potential for serodiagnosis of echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs. | antibodies specific for echinococcus granulosus were affinity purified from dog serum on transfer blots containing putative serodiagnostic antigens. these antibodies and serum pools derived from dogs with e. granulosus infections were used to screen a lambda gt11 cdna library constructed using e. granulosus protoscolex mrna. nine definitive antigenic clones were isolated and characterized, of which one (c10p1) gave strong specific reactions in plaque immunoassay with sera from e. granulosus infe ... | 1990 | 2276868 |
| perioperative prophylactic chemotherapy of echinococcus granulosus: determination of minimum effective length of albendazole therapy in in vitro protoscolex culture. | protoscoleces of echinococcus granulosus were cultured in vitro in 500, 250 or 100 micrograms/l albendazole sulphoxide for 1,3,7,10,14d and then 'rescued' (r) into drug-free medium for the remainder of the culture period. successful minimum lengths of therapy were much longer than for praziquantel, and only at 500 micrograms/l was the 10dr treatment as effective as continuous therapy for 28d. treatment with 100 micrograms/l both in continuous culture and in the 'r' experiments was ineffective ov ... | 1990 | 2278912 |
| an experimental in vitro model for evaluating drugs against protoscoleces of echinococcus granulosus. | pharmacological studies carried out on protoscoleces in vitro to standardize conditions that would permit a preliminary estimate of the efficacy of drugs with potential activity against echinococcus granulosus are reported. media such as pbs and hanks solution, maintenance temperature, different ph values and concentrations of various solvents have been tested to check the effects on protoscolex survival in tubes in vitro. mebendazole has been used as the pharmacological standard reference. chan ... | 1990 | 2283476 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin ii using p1 glycoprotein from hydatid cysts. | shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains and shiga-like toxins (slt) i and ii from escherichia coli bind to terminal alpha-d-galp-(1----4)-d-galp containing glycolipids. hydatid cyst fluid isolated from sheep infected with echinococcus granulosus contains a glycoprotein (p1gp) with a terminal alpha-d-galp-(1----4)-d-galp disaccharide. preparations of p1gp were shown to interact directly with shiga toxin and to inhibit the binding and cytotoxicity of shiga toxin to hela cells. a sandw ... | 1990 | 2295845 |
| hydatid cyst presenting as a breast lump. | cystic hydatid disease is caused by the parasite echinococcus granulosus. indigenous infections are seen among the indians and inuit. man is an occasional intermediate host in whom the disease is manifested by the presence of one or more hydatid cysts, usually located in the liver or lung and rarely at other sites such as the breast, as in this case report. the cyst is usually asymptomatic; in this it case was discovered on routine mammography. on aspiration biopsy, 1 ml of clear fluid was remov ... | 1990 | 2302595 |
| [epidemiology and prevention of echinococcosis in france]. | echinococcosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease caused by the larvae of two tapeworms: echinococcus granulosus responsible for unilocular hydatidosis, and echinococcus multilocularis responsible for alveolar hydatid disease. in both cases man is infected by ingesting eggs of these tapeworms belonging to the genus cestoda. in france, the only animal that acts as definitive host and transmits the unilocular type of hydatid disease is the dog, while the alveolar type is transmitted by dogs, foxe ... | 1990 | 2305184 |
| transmission of taeniid tapeworm eggs via blowflies to intermediate hosts. | experiments showed that dead blowflies containing eggs of taenia hydatigena can transmit infection if ingested by lambs during grazing. rabbits became infected with t. pisiformis after grazing grass exposed to blowflies that had been in contact with dog faeces containing the eggs of this parasite. when captive blowflies were exposed first to dog faeces containing proglottids of t. hydatigena and then to cooked meat, 100% of pigs fed on this meat became infected. the experiments are intended to m ... | 1990 | 2314928 |
| echinococcus granulosus: the potential use of specific radiolabelled antibodies in diagnosis by immunoscintigraphy. | diagnosis of hydatid disease in man is frequently dependent on the imaging of cysts in situ by techniques such as ultrasonography and cat scans. such methods are useful but are not specific and can lead to errors in diagnosis. the present work reports preliminary experiments on the development of a specific imaging technique for hydatid cysts using radiolabelled antibodies. a purified preparation of antigen b of hydatid fluid was used to raise polyclonal antisera in rabbits and the resulting aff ... | 1990 | 2357849 |
| development of larval echinococcus granulosus confronted with chicken heart tissue in vitro. | vesiculated protoscoleces (vp) were produced by culturing freshly collected protoscoleces from echinococcus granulosus horse liver hydatids in rpmi 1640 monophasic medium at 37 degrees c for 18 days. half of the vp were used as such, the other half used after killing them by freeze-thawing. nine-day-old chicken heart fragments (chf) were cultured in mem at 37 degrees c for 72 h. subsequently, chf were put together with live and dead vp, respectively, for up to 53 days, on a semisolid medium cons ... | 1990 | 2362770 |
| [principal helminths of small ruminants in ituri (upper zaire)]. | from august 1986 to november 1987, about 180 slaughtered sheep and goats were examined at bunia (haut-zaïre) in order to establish the main helminth parasites. seventeen and fifteen species were identified in sheep and goats respectively. the occurrence of stilesia hepatica, oesophagostomum multifoliatum and muellerius capillaris as well as the absence of echinococcus granulosus constituted the original features of this check-list in the area. parasitism the most frequently encountered both in s ... | 1990 | 2369171 |
| serological screening of farm dogs for echinococcus granulosus infection in an endemic region. | | 1990 | 2375726 |
| [the elk--the intermediate host of echinococcus granulosus in yakutia]. | the yakut elk is an obligatory intermediate host of e. granulosus (batsch, 1786). in this region, a mixed focus of hydatid echinococcosi causative agent with a dog-elk-dog pattern of circulation was revealed in the presence of a natural focus where the circulation pattern was wolf-elk-wolf. | 1990 | 2377142 |