| rebound phenomenon of parasitemia in splenectomized calves primarily infected with theileria sergenti. | | 1991 | 1830765 |
| proliferation of lymphocytes in theileria sergenti-infected calves in vitro. | | 1991 | 1830773 |
| changes in the proportion and number of monocytes in the peripheral blood of calves infected with theileria sergenti. | | 1991 | 1830809 |
| decrease in erythrocyte survival in theileria sergenti-infected calves determined by non-radioactive chromium labelling method. | pathogenesis of anemia in the calves infected with theileria sergenti was investigated from the viewpoint of erythrocyte survival decrease in the circulating blood. for investigation of erythrocyte survival a method of erythrocyte labelling with non-radioactive chromium (50cr) was utilized. it was found that (1) the erythrocyte survival decreased markedly in the t. sergenti-infected calves compared with that in the uninfected calves; the survival rate of 25.7% for infected calves and 86.0% for u ... | 1991 | 1832027 |
| immunohistological staining for detection of theileria sergenti schizonts. | | 1991 | 1834220 |
| induction of anti-theileria sergenti antibodies in calves with murine monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody. | anti-idiotype (anti-id) antibody that contains an internal image of theileria sergenti (t. sergenti) merozoite surface antigen was intramuscularly inoculated to calves to induce anti-t. sergenti antibody. in immunized calves, anti-anti-id antibodies were induced and these antibodies bound to merozoites of t. sergenti were confirmed by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in this experiment, one calf with the highest antibody titer against anti-id antibody ... | 1991 | 1836363 |
| evaluation of high sensitive dna probe for the detection of theileria sergenti infection in cattle. | | 1991 | 1836384 |
| an unusual repetitive gene family in theileria parva which is stage-specifically transcribed. | tpr1 is a repetitive dna element from theileria parva which has previously been shown to be of value in strain characterisation. further characterisation, described here, has shown that tpr1 is present in long tandem arrays. the sequence of 8.1 kb from one end of an array has been determined. the sequence showed that tpr1 is a 1.44-kb element which contains an orf extending from its 5' end to the 3' end. the sequenced region contains 4 large orfs; 2 of these consisted only of tpr1 whilst the thi ... | 1991 | 1840629 |
| [activation of trans-acting transcription factors in t-lymphocytes infected by the intracellular parasitic protozoan theileria parva]. | the intracellular protozoan parasite, theileria parva, causes a lymphoproliferative disease of t-cells in cattle and uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation in culture. we have identified and characterized in infected cells the trans-acting transcription factors nf-kappa b, ap1 and nf1 controlling lymphocyte-specific expression of several genes. theileria infected lymphocytes contain constitutively high levels of active nf-kappa b in nuclear fraction. factor ap1 had high levels of binding activity ... | 1991 | 1874431 |
| lymphocytes infected with theileria parva require both cell-cell contact and growth factor to proliferate. | lymphocytes infected with the intracellular parasite theileria parva proliferate continuously as lymphoblastoid cell lines. we have previously shown that the continuous proliferation of the t. parva-infected (tpi) cell line tpm(803) is mediated in part by an autocrine mechanism (dobbelaere, d. a. e. et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 1988. 85:4730). we now report that continuous proliferation also requires surface stimulation through cell-cell contact. under standard culture conditions this surf ... | 1991 | 1899385 |
| the entry of theileria parva sporozoites into bovine lymphocytes: evidence for mhc class i involvement. | we have examined the process of theileria parva sporozoite entry into susceptible bovine lymphocytes and have begun to identify one of the possible molecular interactions involved in the process. the entry process involves a defined series of events and we have used a number of experimental procedures in combination with a method of quantitation to examine various aspects of this process. t. parva sporozoites are nonmotile organisms and the initial sporozoite-lymphocyte interaction is a chance e ... | 1991 | 1901066 |
| characterization of a polymorphic immunodominant molecule in sporozoites and schizonts of theileria parva. | this study examines several aspects of a polymorphic, immunodominant molecule (pim) found in the protozoan parasite, theileria parva. the antigen is present in all t.p. parva stocks examined, and in the related subspecies, t.p.bovis and t.p.lawrencei. it is the predominant antigen recognized by antisera from immune cattle on western blot analysis of schizont-infected lymphocytes, and is the only antigen which has been shown to react with anti-schizont monoclonal antibodies (moabs) on western blo ... | 1991 | 1901640 |
| analysis of the reactivity of anti-bovine cd8 monoclonal antibodies with cloned t cell lines and mouse l-cells transfected with bovine cd8. | mouse l-cells transfected with bovine cd8 and two theileria parva-infected cloned t cell lines expressing bovine cd8 were used to screen the panel of ten monoclonal antibodies (mabs) submitted to the workshop. eight of the ten mabs reacted with the transfectant and both the cloned t cell lines. however, two mabs cc58 and bat82a did not recognise the transfectant and only reacted with one of the t cell lines. further biochemical studies indicated that the eight mabs react with both homo- and hete ... | 1991 | 1902341 |
| activity of buparvaquone against theileria cervi in white-tailed deer. | buparvaquone, a naphthoquinone with known efficacy against theileria parva parva in cattle, was tested for activity against theileria cervi piroplasms in both an in vitro culture system and in vivo in experimentally infected white-tailed deer. the in vitro data showed a significant decrease in the incorporation of 3h-hypoxanthine by infected red blood cells treated with buparvaquone when compared to that seen with imidocarb and chloroquine treatment. in both intact and splenectomized deer treate ... | 1991 | 1902608 |
| purification of merozoites of theileria sergenti from infected bovine erythrocytes. | a simple and rapid method for purifying merozoites of theileria sergenti from infected bovine erythrocytes was developed. infected erythrocytes were lysed by the use of a cytolytic toxin produced by aeromonas hydrophila and the lysate was subjected to ultracentrifugation in a percoll discontinuous density gradient. pure and morphologically intact merozoites free of erythrocyte membrane were recovered from a band formed at the interface of 40% and 60% (by vol.) percoll solutions. in this merozoit ... | 1991 | 1902954 |
| activation of bovine peripheral blood macrophages in theileria sergenti-infected calves. | macrophage activation in theileria sergenti-infected calves was studied by testing the production of oxygen metabolites in macrophages following specific and non-specific stimulation with t sergenti merozoites or zymosan, respectively. six calves were inoculated with merozoites and three calves with sporozoites. all showed significant macrophage activation within one month after inoculation (p less than 0.05). activation of macrophages appeared earlier than parasitaemia or the peak of antibody t ... | 1991 | 1904619 |
| ribosomal rna sequences of sarcocystis muris, theileria annulata and crypthecodinium cohnii reveal evolutionary relationships among apicomplexans, dinoflagellates, and ciliates. | sarcocystis muris is a coccidium with a two-host life cycle involving the domestic cat and the mouse, mus musculus. s. muris and theileria annulata belong to the phylum apicomplexa, but the latter organism is a tick-borne protozoon in the subclass piroplasmea and causes tropical theileriosis in cattle. the small-subunit ribosomal rna (16s-like rrna) coding regions of these organisms as well as that of the free living dinoflagellate crypthecodinium cohnii were amplified using polymerase chain rea ... | 1991 | 1904987 |
| epidemiological observations on theileriosis following field immunisation using infection and treatment. | thirty-seven high grade cattle were immunised against corridor disease (theileria parva lawrencei infection) on a farm with a history of heavy and often lethal theilerial challenge. nineteen cattle were immunised by treating with two doses of long-acting oxytetracyclines given at 20 mg/kg on days 0 and 4 after sporozoite stabilate inoculation, while the other 18 were treated with naphthoquinone buparvaquone, given as a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg simultaneously with stabilate inoculation. all the c ... | 1991 | 1907045 |
| protein analysis of theileria sergenti/buffeli/orientalis piroplasms by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | proteins of the piroplasms of theileria sergenti, t. buffeli and t. orientalis were analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. protein spot patterns of t. buffeli and t. orientalis were identical except for a few minor proteins, whereas spot patterns of two t. sergenti stocks were differentiated from those of t. buffeli and t. orientalis by a characteristic set of proteins including a major protein of molecular weight 33-34 kda. this result indicates that japanese t. sergent ... | 1991 | 1907727 |
| theileria parva: influence of vector, parasite and host relationships on the epidemiology of theileriosis in southern africa. | the protozoan parasite theileria parva, transmitted by the ixodid tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus, is the cause of east coast fever (ecf) and the related syndromes of corridor disease and january disease in cattle of eastern, central and southern africa. it is likely that buffalo (syncerus caffer) are the natural host of t. parva. in eastern and southern africa, there exists both buffalo-adapted and cattle-adapted t. parva. disease caused by buffalo-adapted parasites is called corridor disease ... | 1991 | 1907728 |
| responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in calves infected with theileria sergenti. | the role of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) in theileria sergenti-infected calves was studied by various in vitro assay systems. proliferation of t cells in mixed lymphocyte protozoa culture (mlpc) increased with parasitemia, and the addition of monoclonal antibodies against t. sergenti merozoites in this mlpc enhanced the response. however, the addition of antibody-positive autologous serum resulted in the suppression of the response. cell-mediated cytotoxicity of pbmc increased after ... | 1991 | 1910223 |
| immunoprophylaxis against theileria annulata with protein from plasma membrane of infected lymphoblasts. | cross-bred (bos taurus male x bos indicus female) calves were protected against the homologous sporozoite-induced challenge of theileria annulata when immunised with protein from the plasma membrane of macroschizont-infected lymphoblasts of allogeneic origin. however, such protection was parasite-strain specific with the plasma membrane originating from lymphoblasts infected and transformed by the same isolate of t. annulata sporozoites. no protection ensued when the infected lymphoblasts and sp ... | 1991 | 1910224 |
| a simple and efficient method for purifying and quantifying schizonts from theileria parva-infected cells. | an improved method for the purification of theileria parva schizonts from infected bovine cells is described. the technique is simpler and more rapid than previously described methods and gives rise to greater yields of schizonts with negligible contamination by host-cell components. in addition, a fluorescent staining technique was developed whereby live schizonts purified from infected cells can be enumerated and sorted using the flow cytometer. an assessment of the quality of schizonts prepar ... | 1991 | 1924254 |
| agarose entrapment method for the production of sfii linking library for theileria parva. | we have developed a simple method for isolation of sfii linking clones from a eukaryotic genomic dna. the method involves the physical separation of the small proportion of plasmids in a plasmid genomic library that are linearized by sfii digestion, from the bulk of molecules that remain circular, by ordinary electrophoresis through high-percentage gels of seaplaque agarose. following the isolation of linearized molecules, their recircularization, and introduction into escherichia coli, 55% of r ... | 1991 | 1931184 |
| effects of gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-2 on infection and proliferation of theileria parva-infected bovine lymphoblasts and production of interferon by parasitized cells. | theileria parva is a protozoan parasite that infects bovine b cells and alpha beta and gamma delta t cells and transforms them into continually proliferating cells. cd4+ t. parva-antigen-specific immune t cells have been shown to produce cytokines in response to stimulation with parasitized cells, and t. parva-infected lymphocytes produce and consume t-cell growth factors and interleukin-2 (il-2). to ascertain the role of t-cell cytokines on t. parva infections, we evaluated recombinant gamma in ... | 1991 | 1937812 |
| oxytetracycline inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis in bovine lymphocytes infected with theileria parva or stimulated by mitogen. | oxytetracycline (otc) significantly inhibited cytochrome c oxidase activity in bovine lymphocytes infected with theileria parva and in uninfected mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. the inhibitory effect was detected in vitro within 24 h of treatment with drug concentrations as low as 1 micrograms/ml. following mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes, concentrations of 3 and 10 micrograms/ml otc completely inhibited an increase in cytochrome c oxidase activity for 48-72 h. this inhibitory activity was co ... | 1990 | 1965455 |
| strain specificity of bovine theileria parva-specific cytotoxic t cells is determined by the phenotype of the restricting class i mhc. | to determine whether the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) phenotype of cattle could affect the parasite strain specificity of immunity to theileria parva by influencing the antigenic specificity of theileria-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl), we investigated the parasite strain specificity of theileria-specific ctl clones derived from cattle of different class i mhc phenotypes. thirty-one class i-restricted ctl clones were generated from four cattle immunized with the muguga stock of ... | 1990 | 1968884 |
| sfii and noti polymorphisms in theileria stocks detected by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. | dnas of theileria parva parva, t. p. lawrencei, t. p. bovis and theileria mutans stocks, from kenya, uganda, zanzibar and zimbabwe were digested with either sfii or noti and analysed using contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (chef) and field-inversion gel electrophoresis (fige). the sfii-digested t. parva genomic dna resolved into approximately 30 fragments while the noti digestion produced between 4-7 bands. the summation of the sizes of sfii fragments gave an estimate of 9-10 x 10(6) ba ... | 1990 | 1972977 |
| expression of tac antigen component of bovine interleukin-2 receptor in different leukocyte populations infected with theileria parva or theileria annulata. | the tac antigen component of the bovine interleukin-2 receptor was expressed as a cro-beta-galactosidase fusion protein in escherichia coli and used to raise antibodies in rabbits. these antibodies were used for flow cytofluorimetric analysis to investigate the expression of tac antigen in a variety of theileria parva-infected cell lines and also in three theileria annulata-infected cell lines. cells expressing tac antigen on their surface were found in all t. parva-infected cell lines tested wh ... | 1990 | 1979317 |
| chemotherapeutic value of parvaquone and buparvaquone against theileria annulata infection of cattle. | parvaquone (bw993c), 2-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, and buparvaquone (bw720c) 2-(trans-4-t-butylcyclohexyl-methyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, were evaluated to determine their therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of theileriosis caused by theileria annulata infection in cattle in iran. one hundred and fifty-nine pure and crossbred bos taurus cattle, experimentally or naturally infected with t annulata, were treated. parvaquone was injected into 86 animals with up to three doses o ... | 1991 | 2034901 |
| evolutionary relationships of avian eimeria species among other apicomplexan protozoa: monophyly of the apicomplexa is supported. | direct, reverse transcriptase-mediated, partial sequencing of the small-subunit (16s-like) ribosomal rna (srrna) of eimeria tenella and e. acervulina was performed. sequences were aligned by eye with six previously published, partial or complete srrna sequences of apicomplexan protists (plasmodium berghei, theileria annulata, cryptosporidium sp., toxoplasma gondii, sarcocystis muris, and s. gigantea). six eukaryotic protists (a slime mold, a yeast, two dinoflagellates, and two ciliates) acted as ... | 1991 | 2072862 |
| il-2 can enhance the cyclosporin a-mediated inhibition of theileria parva-infected t cell proliferation. | the effect of cyclosporin a on the continuous proliferation of theileria parva-infected t cells was tested and compared with its effect on the con a-induced proliferation of bovine lymph node cells. the effect of ril-2 on cyclosporin a-treated cells was also tested. whereas the con a-induced proliferation of bovine lymph node cells was completely inhibited by cyclosporin a, the continuous growth of t. parva-infected cells was only partly inhibited. in both cases the inhibition was accompanied by ... | 1990 | 2104902 |
| infection rates of theileria sergenti in haemaphysalis longicornis ticks collected from the field in japan. | for a period of one year haemaphysalis longicornis ticks were collected in a pasture from vegetation by dragging flannel cloth and from soil samples at monthly intervals. nymphal ticks were assessed for theileria infection. salivary glands were stained with methylgreen-pyronin and examined for parasite masses. nymphal h. longicornis infected with theileria sergenti were found in all samples during 12 months including the winter. after shortening the prefed period on rabbits to 24 hours, the para ... | 1990 | 2107351 |
| the effects of oxytetracycline on theileria parva in vitro. | when bovine peripheral blood leucocytes were infected with theileria parva sporozoites, immediate treatment with oxytetracycline (otc) inhibited the development of sporozoites to mature schizonts. the extent of inhibition was dependent on drug concentration and duration of treatment. concentrations of 5 micrograms/ml otc, or higher, for 8 days completely inhibited the establishment of schizonts and their ability to transform host cells. a cytostatic effect on schizont-infected cell lines was fou ... | 1990 | 2107502 |
| the effects of bovine tick resistance on the susceptibility of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum to infection with theileria annulata (ankara). | two bos taurus calves were made resistant to tick infestation by exposing them to approximately 500 rabbit-reared nymphs of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum twice at a 2-week interval. these two calves, together with a tick-susceptible control calf, were inoculated with a stabilate of theileria annulata (ankara). patent infection resulted in all three calves. seven-hundred and fifty gerbil-reared nymphs were then applied on each of these calves as well as another tick-susceptible calf that was the ... | 1990 | 2107619 |
| parasitic adaptations in the transmission of theileria by ticks--a review. | | 1990 | 2108514 |
| developmental expression of a theileria annulata merozoite surface antigen. | culture of a lymphoblastoid cell line infected with the macroschizont stage of the protozoan parasite theileria annulata at 41 degrees c induces differentiation to the next stage, the merozoite. we have demonstrated that this development results in the loss of monoclonal antibody epitopes associated with the macroschizont stage, and the appearance of epitopes associated with the piroplasm (the intra-erythrocytic stages). one of the monoclonals (5e1) was shown by immunoelectron microscopy to bind ... | 1990 | 2112226 |
| elimination of theileria buffeli infections from cattle by concurrent treatment with primaquine phosphate and halofuginone lactate. | fifty splenectomised calves naturally infected with theileria buffeli were treated with primaquine phosphate (ici, uk) and halofuginone lactate (hoechst, australia) either separately or in combination. infections in treated calves were monitored for up to 26 weeks by examining giemsa stained peripheral blood films for piroplasms and by an immunofluorescent antibody test. when used alone neither of the drugs eliminated infection. the most successful results were obtained when two treatments of ha ... | 1990 | 2115212 |
| elimination of theileria buffeli infections from cattle by concurrent treatment with buparvaquone and primaquine phosphate. | attempts (some successful) were made to eliminate theileria buffeli infections from 23 naturally or experimentally infected, splenectomised calves. the anti-theilerial hydroxynaphthoquinone derivative buparvaquone was used either alone or in combination with primaquine phosphate. after treatment the calves were monitored for infection for up to 26 weeks. blood films were examined for piroplasms and serum antibody levels were measured using an immunofluorescence technique. buparvaquone alone fail ... | 1990 | 2115213 |
| buparvaquone but not cyclosporin a prevents theileria annulata-infected bovine lymphoblastoid cells from stimulating uninfected lymphocytes. | the influence of buparvaquone on the morphology, proliferation, and stimulation with t and b cell mitogens of theileria annulata-infected cells was studied. in addition, the stimulatory capacity of the infected cells before and after treatment with buparvaquone or cyclosporin a (csa) was also examined and compared to that of cona-stimulated bovine peripheral blood cells (pbl). after incubation of the cells for 4 days with buparvaquone only few schizonts were detectable in the cells. prolongation ... | 1990 | 2116660 |
| maturation of theileria sergenti in salivary glands of haemaphysalis longicornis induced by temperature stimulation. | the parthenogenetic haemaphysalis longicornis larvae engorged on cattle naturally infected with theileria sergenti were reared at 24 degrees c. the resultant nymphal ticks were incubated at 37 degrees c to clear the effect of incubation on the development and maturation of sporozoites. the sporozoites in the salivary glands of the nymphal ticks exposed to 37 degrees c for 16 days were observed by the methyl green pyronin staining method. the ticks exposed to 37 degrees c were ground up in a mort ... | 1990 | 2117090 |
| detection of the schizont stage in experimentally infected cattle with japanese theileria sergenti. | calves infected with a sporozoite suspension of the ikeda strain of theileria sergenti were examined in attempts to detect the schizont stage. a suspension equivalent to the contents of 70-200 ticks was inoculated subcutaneously into 10 splenectomized calves. schizonts and micromerozoites were found in the prescapular lymph nodes of 5 calves about 8 days after the sporozoite inoculation. schizonts detected at the time of nuclear division had large and diffuse nuclei, and many of the schizonts we ... | 1990 | 2117091 |
| protective effect against intraerythrocytic merozoites of theileria sergenti infection in calves by passive transfer of monoclonal antibody. | | 1990 | 2117092 |
| establishment of theileria-infected bovine cell lines in scid mice. | bovine cells transformed by infection with the protozoan parasite theileria annulata were inoculated subcutaneously or intraperitoneally into c.b.-17 scid mice. mice injected subcutaneously developed solid tumours at the injection site, whilst those injected intraperitoneally developed ascites. schizont-infected cells were found in other tissues: infected cells spread much more easily from the intraperitoneal site. karyotyping of cells isolated from tumours showed no evidence of transfer of para ... | 1990 | 2117267 |
| prevalence of hematozoans in lions (panthera leo) and cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) in serengeti national park and ngorongoro crater, tanzania. | lions (panthera leo) and cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) from the serengeti national park and ngorongoro crater conservation area, tanzania were examined for the presence of blood protozoans. twenty-eight percent of the lions were infected with trypanosoma sp. and the prevalence of trypanosome infection varied significantly between adjacent habitats. all of the animals were infected with hepatozoon sp. and a theileria sp.-like piroplasm that was morphologically indistinguishable from theileria felis. | 1990 | 2117677 |
| monoclonal internal image anti-idiotype antibodies of theileria sergenti merozoite surface antigen. | monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies against monoclonal antibody (23c11) to intraerythrocytic merozoites of theileria sergenti were prepared and examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). three anti-idiotype antibodies containing antibodies against interspecies cross-reactive idiotopes and/or an internal image of theileria sergenti merozoite were found. the presence of antibody against theileria sergenti was shown by elisa in these anti-idio ... | 1990 | 2118200 |
| a single exon codes for the enzyme domain of a protozoan cysteine protease. | theileria parva is an intracellular protozoan parasite of cattle. we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a gene and cdna coding for a cysteine protease of t. parva. the gene is divided into two exons. the first exon codes for a signal sequence and for part of the "pro" region of the zymogen. the second exon codes for the remainder of the pro region, including residues thought to be involved in zymogen processing, and for the entire enzyme domain. part of this exon cross-hybridizes, at hig ... | 1990 | 2120221 |
| comparison of three methods for initiating in vitro cultures of theileria annulata schizonts. | three methods for initiating in vitro cultures of theileria annulata from infected cattle were compared: 1) separation of buffy coat cells by centrifugation in a plastic syringe; 2) separation of lymphocytes by a commercial ficoll-paque gradient and 3) trypsinization of liver biopsy material. successful cultures were obtained in 26 out of 48 trials (54 p. 100) by method 1, in 28 out of 56 trials (50 p. 100) by method 2 and 17 out of 21 trials (81 p. 100) by method 3. once established, cultures, ... | 1990 | 2120747 |
| low-dose oral administration of human interferon alpha can control the development of theileria parva infection in cattle. | two natural human interferon alpha preparations, (nhuifn-alpha [cantell]) and (nhuifn-alpha [isi]), were used for the oral treatment of cattle experimentally infected with theileria parva parva. in the first experiment, 8 friesian bulls were inoculated with a 1 in 10 dilution of a sporozoite stabilate of t.p. parva (marikebuni) stock. four of the cattle were treated daily with 1 international unit/kg body weight (i.u./kg bwt) of nhuifn-alpha (cantell) from day -2 to day 8 p.i. none of the 4 calv ... | 1990 | 2124670 |
| immunization of cattle against theileria parva bovis and their exposure to natural challenge. | theileria parva bovis isolates were tested for their immunizing capacity under natural field challenge on willsbridge farm in the highveld of zimbabwe. fifteen susceptible sussex yearlings were immunized with the boleni stock and 15 with a mixture of three isolates from the farm, using tick-derived sporozoite stabilates. no chemoprophylaxis was used. a dose of 0.1 ml of stabilate appeared to be safe in preliminary laboratory experiments, but the reactions were severe in the sussex cattle and one ... | 1990 | 2125158 |
| a bovine class i major histocompatibility complex molecule plus a theileria parva antigen resembles mouse h-2kd. | two bot2+, bot8+ cytotoxic t cell clones were generated from peripheral blood of a steer immunized with the intracellular protozoan parasite theileria parva. both cytotoxic t cell clones appeared to be restricted by the same major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecule and were specific for the immunizing parasite clone. however, one of the two clones also recognized uninfected mouse cell lines carrying the h-2d haplotype. inhibition of cytotoxicity with monoclonal antibodies specific for pol ... | 1990 | 2125183 |
| control of tropical theileriosis (theileria annulata infection) of cattle. | tropical bovine theileriosis caused by theileria annulata and transmitted by ticks of the genus hyalomma may be controlled by one or more of the following methods: i) management, with particular emphasis on movement control; ii) vector control by application of acaricides, preventing transmission of disease; iii) treatment of clinical disease using specific chemotherapeutics; iv) immunization with live vaccines; and v) the use of cattle resistant to ticks or the disease. of these the most import ... | 1990 | 2126619 |
| methods currently used for the control of theileria annulata: their validity and proposals for future control strategies. | the development of a cell culture vaccine against tropical theileriosis in india is described. observations on the experiments conducted for the standardization of dose, storage temperature, evaluation of immune response, cross-protection response and field immunization trials are summarized. future strategies for epidemiological studies and the control of tropical theileriosis are discussed. | 1990 | 2126620 |
| control of theileria species (other than east coast fever and theileria annulata infection), ehrlichia and tick toxicosis: present situation and proposals for future control strategies. | | 1990 | 2126621 |
| specific dna probe for the detection of theileria sergenti infection in cattle. | a simple procedure was developed for detection of theileria sergenti infection on the basis of hybridization of parasite dna with a specific probe. a genomic dna library of t. sergenti constructed in puc-18 was screened to detect clones containing the parasite's dna sequences by colony and southern hybridizations. two positive dna inserts were purified from the recombinant plasmids and used as probes labelled with 32p or non-isotopic reagent, biotin-11-dutp. 32p-radiolabelled and non-radioactive ... | 1990 | 2126824 |
| intraerythrocytic schizogony of theileria sergenti in cattle. | the characteristics of developing intraerythrocytic stages of t. sergenti were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. the parasites with many ribosomes, acristate mitochondria, cytostome, and food vacuoles were morphologically regarded as the trophozoite stage. although this type of parasites was frequently detected, intraerythrocytic merozoite stage with electron dense cisternae, rhoptries and small electron dense bodies was rarely observed in high parasitaemia. the intraerythro ... | 1990 | 2126825 |
| invasion of bovine erythrocytes by theileria sergenti piroplasms in vitro. | | 1990 | 2126826 |
| opsonization of merozoites with sera from theileria sergenti-infected calves. | | 1990 | 2126827 |
| bovine monoclonal antibody specific to theileria sergenti. | | 1990 | 2126829 |
| theileria annulata: control measures, diagnosis and the potential use of subunit vaccines. | theileria annulata is an important pathogen of domestic bovidae across a broad region of the world with some 250 million cattle at risk. our basic knowledge of the incidence and mortality is reviewed together with an outline of current control measures, including the use of acaricides, chemotherapy and attenuated cell line vaccines. the limitations and potential problems of these control measures are discussed and considered in relation to the use of a subunit vaccine. research over the last ten ... | 1990 | 2132687 |
| theileria parva: the nature of the immune response and its significance for immunoprophylaxis. | theileria parva is a tick-borne haemoprotozoan parasite of cattle and buffalo which is responsible for considerable economic losses to cattle farming in eastern, central and southern africa. infection with the parasite results in an acute lymphoproliferative disorder with high mortality, but animals which survive infection are solidly immune to homologous challenge. such immunity can be reproduced by infecting cattle with the parasite and treating them with tetracyclines or theilericidal drugs, ... | 1990 | 2132688 |
| [incidence of trypanosomiasis on wildlife of a game ranch in burkina faso]. | blood samples from 203 wild animals kept on a game ranch in burkina faso were examined by the "buffy coat" technique following microhaematocrite centrifugation in capillary tubes. anaemia was assessed according to the value of packed cell volume (pcv). a thin smear and thick blood film from each animal were prepared and examined for detection of babesia, anaplasma, theileria, microfilaria. the infection rate and parasitaemia were assessed in each animal species. for each animal species examined, ... | 1990 | 2132786 |
| observations on the in vitro multiplication of bovine lymphoid cells infected with theileria annulata schizonts. | the multiplication of a bovine lymphoid cell line infected with theileria annulata schizonts was studied. in cells dividing mitotically, the schizont occupied a central position during the late stages of the division and was shared by the two newly formed cells. binucleated cells with schizonts located between the nuclei were also observed. no definitive conclusions can be drawn as to whether these cells are stages in amitotic division or result from fusion of infected cells. wide variations in ... | 1990 | 2132788 |
| [presence of theileria annulata in mauritania]. | a fatal case of bovine theileriosis by theileria annulata is reported from mauritania in a friesian cow born in a dairy farm in nouakchott. the farm was originally established with cattle imported from france. specific diagnosis was based on piroplasm morphology and on high specific antibody titres in some of the animals. the only tick found in the herd was hyalomma dromedarii. four of 49 local zebus sampled at random in the south of the country had high specific antibody titres to t. annulata, ... | 1990 | 2132789 |
| recognition of soluble theileria parva antigen by bovine helper t cell clones: characterization and partial purification of the antigen. | theileria parva-specific bovine bot4+ th cell clones were used to characterize ag associated with t. parva schizont-infected lymphoblastoid cells. all of the clones tested responded to cells infected with the immunizing (muguga) as well as heterologous stocks of t. parva, indicating that the t cells are specific for an ag shared by several geographically diverse parasites. the response was apparently mhc-restricted, and induced by ag expressed on the infected cell surface. in the presence of aut ... | 1990 | 2136883 |
| cytotoxic t cells in immunity to theileria parva in cattle. | | 1990 | 2137767 |
| development of recombinant antigen vaccines for the control of theileriosis. | immunization against theileria parva involves infection with sporozoites and simultaneous treatment with a long-acting tetracycline. for t. annulata, immunization is achieved by inoculation of attenuated schizont-infected lymphocytes. the two methods are inadequate because of the use of live organisms and the methods are also bedevilled by the multiplicity of strains, particularly of t. parva. for these reasons, alternative methods of control are being sought. in this review an attempt is made t ... | 1990 | 2149448 |
| characterization of a bovine leucocyte differentiation antigen of 145,000 mw restricted to b lymphocytes. | a new bovine b-cell differentiation antigen is described that is detected by three monoclonal antibodies (mab). the antigen is not an immunoglobulin and is precipitated from peripheral b cells as a molecule with an approximate molecular weight (mw) of 120,000 or 145,000 before and after reduction, respectively. data obtained from two-colour cytofluorimetry and immunohistochemistry confirmed that the antigen was found only on mature b cells and on cells with dendritic morphology in the follicles ... | 1990 | 2185984 |
| the indirect fluorescent antibody test for bovine anaplasmosis. | an indirect fluorescent antibody test was used successfully for the serodiagnosis of experimental anaplasma infections in cattle. specific antibodies were detected three to ten days after anaplasma bodies were found in the blood, and persisted at least 15 weeks post-infection. an american and an african stock of a. marginale were used to prepare antigens, and gave comparable results when tested on sera positive to either of these stocks, as well as to an a. central-like stock from korea. there w ... | 1990 | 2194363 |
| [ticks and hemoparasitic diseases in cattle in senegal. iv. the southern sudan area]. | the authors report on the results of an investigation on ticks and hemoparasitoses of cattle, sheep and goats in the south sudanian area of senegal. systematic routine dipping against ticks of cattle, 40 sheep and 40 goats was set during 15 months, with a view to determine the population dynamics together with an acurate localization of the different species concerned. the following parasites were collected from these ruminants: amblyomma variegatum, boophilus geigyi, hyalomma truncatum, h. m. r ... | 1990 | 2218038 |
| parasite-accessory cell interactions in theileriosis. antigen presentation by theileria annulata-infected macrophages and production of continuously growing antigen-presenting cell lines. | theileria annulata, a protozoan parasite of cattle, infects major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii+ cells, particularly macrophages, and transforms them into continuously growing cell lines. we examined the effects of parasitism by t. annulata on antigen-presenting cell function. t. annulata-infected cells (tah) presented ovalbumin (as measured by [3h]thymidine incorporation) to both resting autologous bovine t cells and ovalbumin-specific bovine cd4+ t cell lines. however, the former c ... | 1990 | 2253687 |
| concurrent infection with theileria buffeli caused depression of parasitaemia in babesia bovis and anaplasma centrale infections in splenectomised calves but not in b bigemina infections. | in five experiments undertaken in splenectomised calves it was found that theileria buffeli infections depressed the parasitaemias of superimposed babesia bovis and anaplasma centrale infections, but not b bigemina infections. the course of a centrale infections did not appear to be affected by a concurrent eperythrozoon teganodes infection. | 1990 | 2267426 |
| age resistance to theileria parva bovis infection in calves. | data collected in the zimbabwean province of mashonaland-west, in the period 1980-1988, showed that mortality in calves owing to theileria parva bovis infection (january disease) was significantly lower in animals younger than 7 months than in older cattle. groups of seven holstein-friesian calves from non-immune dams aged approximately 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13 months were infected with a theileria parva bovis tick-derived stabilate. the dose chosen was lethal for 40% of the calves in the trial. morta ... | 1990 | 2267723 |
| clinico-hematological observation of calves experimentally infected with theileria sergenti. | | 1990 | 2287144 |
| treatment of bovine tropical theileriosis with buparvaquone. | the antitheilerial activity of buparvaquone in crossbred male calves, experimentally infected with theileria annulata (izatnagar isolate) has been tested. animals were treated intramuscularly at the dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg1 body weight. a single dose of the drug administered during the phase of ascending parasitaemia cured all the infected calves while all the untreated infected control calves died. | 1990 | 2321263 |
| geographical information systems for studying the epidemiology of cattle diseases caused by theileria parva. | data on selected variables which influence the epidemiology of cattle diseases caused by theileria parva were assembled and entered in a computerised geographical information system. variables studied included the distributions of major hosts (cattle and buffalo), the vector ticks (rhipicephalus appendiculatus and related species) and the reported presence of east coast fever, corridor disease and january disease. in addition, the distribution of climatic suitability for r appendiculatus was ass ... | 1990 | 2327044 |
| evaluation of infection and treatment methods in immunization of improved cattle against theileriosis in an endemic area of kenya. | five experiments were carried out to determine the efficacy of immunization against theileriosis in an endemic area of kenya using artificial infection with a mixture of stabilates of theileria parva stock or natural infection and treatment with parvaquone or several formulations of oxytetracyclines. for the first four experiments, introduced, susceptible sahiwal/friesian crosses were used and in the fifth, calves of boran/maasai zebu crosses born on the site. cattle were infected either artific ... | 1990 | 2343540 |
| chemoimmunoprophylaxis against bovine tropical theileriosis in young calves: a comparison between buparvaquone and long-acting oxytetracycline. | eighteen seven to 21-day-old crossbred (bos taurus cross bos indicus) calves were allocated to four groups (a to d). groups a and b each consisted of six calves and groups c and d three calves each. each calf in groups a, b and c was inoculated with ground-up tick supernate (guts) equivalent to two infected acini prepared from theileria annulata-infected hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum. each calf in group a was also given a single intramuscular injection of buparvaquone, 2.5 mg kg-1 bodyweight si ... | 1990 | 2382047 |
| the integrity of host lymphocyte plasmalemma during its invasion by theileria annulata sporozoites as demonstrated by ruthenium red staining. | the integrity of host lymphocyte plasma membrane during its invasion by theileria annulata sporozoites was examined in an in vitro system using ruthenium red staining. it was demonstrated that during interiorisation of the sporozoites, the dye was completely excluded from the intracellular milieu, indicating that the continuity of the host-cell plasmalemma was not disrupted throughout the process of penetration, and confirmed a previous observation that the fragmentation of the host lymphocyte m ... | 1985 | 2408373 |
| bovine alloreactive cytotoxic cells generated in vitro: target specificity in relation to bola phenotype. | cytotoxic cells of bovine origin were generated in primary mlc using stimulator cells of bola w8/w11 phenotype. bovine lymphoblasts transformed by the protozoan parasite theileria parva parva acted as target cells in studies of the specificity of cytotoxicity. when responder cells in mlc did not share w8 or w11 with stimulator cells, cytotoxicity was evident with all targets bearing w8 or w11, or both, and was almost entirely restricted to these products of the bola-a locus. when responder and s ... | 1985 | 2409001 |
| theileria parva: expression of a sporozoite surface coat antigen. | a monoclonal antibody specific for the theileria parva sporozoite, which recognizes a determinant on the surface coat and blocks sporozoite infectivity, was used to investigate the presence of the determinant on other stages of the parasite lifecycle. immunofluorescence techniques did not demonstrate this determinant on the kinete, schizont, merozoite, or piroplasm stages of the parasite. immunoautoradiography, using a tritiated form of the monoclonal antibody, on sections of infected salivary g ... | 1985 | 2410290 |
| identification of infection-associated antigens in theileria annulata transformed cells. | the protozoan parasite theileria annulata causes a severe disease of cattle in tropical countries; one stage in the parasite life cycle involves the transformation of bovine lymphocytes leading to rapid lymphoproliferation. immunity to this disease is largely cell mediated and directed against the infected lymphocyte. in this paper we report the identification of three classes of infection specific antigen (using monoclonal antibodies) one of which is found on the surface of the lymphocyte. such ... | 1986 | 2421227 |
| quantitative studies on theileria parva in the salivary glands of rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults: quantitation and prediction of infection. | | 1986 | 2422131 |
| alloreactive bovine t lymphocyte clones: an analysis of function, phenotype, and specificity. | a bovine alloreactive cell population was subjected to complement-dependent lysis with monoclonal antibody (mab) il-a11. the original population and the population depleted of cells bearing the determinant recognized by mab il-a11 were cloned. parent cultures and 21 clones were examined for cytolytic function and for expression of determinants recognized by mab il-a11 and two additional mab, il-a12 and il-a17. clones could be classified according to maximal achievable levels of cytolysis by usin ... | 1986 | 2423592 |
| bovine helper t-cell clones specific for lymphocytes infected with theileria parva (muguga). | t-cell clones specific for lymphocytes infected with theileria parva were derived from animals immunized by infection with t. parva (muguga). these clones were non-cytolytic and had the bot4+ bot8- surface phenotype, bot4 and bot8 being the bovine analogues of human cd4 and cd8 molecules. the clones proliferated in response to irradiated autologous lymphoblasts infected with t. parva (muguga) but not to autologous uninfected lymphoblasts or monocytes. they were parasite strain-specific, in that ... | 1987 | 2442694 |
| development of theileria sergenti in the midgut of the larval tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1987 | 2455095 |
| isolation and characterization of rna from the intracellular parasite theileria parva. | using a rapid procedure to isolate schizonts of the intracellular parasite theileria parva from infected bovine lymphocytes, we have prepared parasite rna that is more than 90% pure. characterization of this schizont rna has revealed the presence of two ribosomal rna species of 3.3 kb and 1.8 kb and a third non-adenylated abundant rna species of 1.9 kb. in vitro translation of the isolated schizont mrna has identified about 200 parasite specific polypeptides, only a few of which could be detecte ... | 1989 | 2469012 |
| biochemical characterization of activation-associated bovine class i major histocompatibility complex antigens. | utilizing a 'sandwich' elisa assay we have been able to demonstrate that mab w6/32, b1g6 and il-a19 are reactive with three different monomorphic determinants on bovine class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules. sequential immunoprecipitations performed with the mab revealed that class i molecules on pbm comprise a single population with respect to reactivity with the mab in that the beta 2m-associated proteins bear all three epitopes. by contrast, tcgf-driven lymphoblasts and cel ... | 1989 | 2481992 |
| [ticks and hemoparasitoses of livestock in senegal. iii. the northern sudan area]. | the authors describe the results of a study on ticks and hemoparasitoses of cattle and small ruminants in the senegalese north-sudanian area. for 15 months, 40 bovine, 40 sheep and 40 goats received a routine dipping treatment, aimed at the determination of the tick population dynamics together with an accurate localization of the preferential sites for the different species. the following parasites were collected from the animals: hyalomma marginatum rufipes, h. truncatum, rhipicephalus lunulat ... | 1989 | 2485548 |
| theileria parva: the immune status of calves born of dams immunised against east coast fever. | eight friesian cross cows three months pregnant to a single friesian bull were immunised against east coast fever by infection with theileria parva (muguga) sporozoite stabilate and treatment with pyrrolidino-methyl tetracycline. they were challenged with the homologous stock four times before calving and a fifth time after calving, and resisted all five challenges which killed all of the five groups of five susceptible controls. calves born to these hyperimmunised dams were fully susceptible on ... | 1989 | 2493670 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the class sporozoea (phylum apicomplexa levine, 1970): evidence for the independent evolution of heteroxenous life cycles. | a phylogenetic analysis of representative genera in the class sporozoea was undertaken using biological and morphological features to infer evolutionary relationships among the widely recognized groups in the class. gregarines were used as a functional outgroup to the remaining sporozoa (adeleids, eimeriorins, haemosporinids, and piroplasms). the piroplasms were shown to be closely related to the adeleid parasites. species of babesia and theileria were shown not to form a sister group to the hae ... | 1989 | 2494316 |
| the effect of mhc compatibility between parasite-infected cell line and recipient in immunization against tropical theileriosis. | lymphoblastoid cell lines, infected and transformed in vitro by a moroccan stock of theileria annulata, infected and immunized susceptible taurine cattle, at cell doses of 10(8), 10(6), 10(4) and 10(2), regardless of whether the recipients were bola matched or mismatched to the donor cell line. the mhc relationship between the cell line and recipient did affect the severity of the clinical response to cell line immunization which may reflect differences in the specific priming of the immune resp ... | 1989 | 2494633 |
| the development and specificity of cytotoxic cells in cattle immunized with autologous or allogeneic theileria annulata-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines. | two groups of animals were immunized with either 10(6) autologous or 10(6) allogeneic theileria annulata-infected lymphoblastoid cells cultured in vitro. the development and specificity of cytotoxic cells generated in vivo were measured throughout immunization and challenge using a panel of target cells that were either theileria-infected or uninfected blast cells of known bovine lymphocyte antigen (bola) specificities. after inoculation of the cell lines the two groups showed distinct differenc ... | 1989 | 2494634 |
| theileria parva: reappearance of schizonts in infected lymphoblastoid cells treated with parvaquone is dependent on interleukin 2-like growth factors. | schizont-infected cell lines derived by in vitro infection of bovine t cell clones with the muguga isolate of theileria parva were treated for 72 hr with the theileriacidal drug, parvaquone, at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. this treatment completely eliminated schizonts from the recovered cells, which failed to undergo further proliferation and died. however, treated cells cultured with either bovine t cell growth factor or human recombinant interleukin 2 remained viable, underwent prolif ... | 1989 | 2495228 |
| theileria parva in cattle: characterization of infected lymphocytes and the immune responses they provoke. | | 1989 | 2497579 |
| relative role of male and female hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks in theileria transmission. | the relative role of male and female hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks in the epidemiology of theileria transmission was studied by detecting theileria sporozoites in the dissected salivary glands of 568 ticks by the methyl green pyronin staining method. detailed frequency distribution of theileria-positive acini in the salivary glands of the 264 (46.48%) positive ticks from a field collection in haryana indicated that the number of infected salivary acini per positive tick was greater in fem ... | 1989 | 2499092 |
| characterization of surface polypeptides on different life-cycle stages of theileria annulata. | we describe the characterisation of polypeptides located on the surface of theileria annulata sporozoites, macroschizonts, piroplasms and infected lymphoblastoid cells using surface iodination techniques. the sporozoite stage exhibited a complex profile of surface polypeptides. however, using data from experiments with defined monoclonal antibodies, the sporozoite surface appeared to be composed of several distinct groups of related polypeptides. analysis of the macroschizont detected seven surf ... | 1989 | 2499787 |
| theileria annulata sporozoite surface antigen expressed in escherichia coli elicits neutralizing antibody. | theileria annulata is an economically important protozoan parasite that threatens an estimated 250 million cattle with the disease tropical theileriosis. development of a defined subunit vaccine is one means of trying to develop control measures against the disease. to this end we have characterized a surface antigen complex of the infective stage (sporozoite), by using a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes sporozoite infectivity in vitro. we have cloned the gene coding for this complex and hav ... | 1989 | 2499888 |
| in vitro infection of bovine alloreactive cytotoxic t cell lines with sporozoites of theileria annulata and t parva. | bovine alloreactive cytotoxic lymphocyte (ctl) lines of known target specificity were infected in vitro with sporozoites of theileria annulata and t parva and cultured in limiting dilution. the phenotypes of the ctl lines both pre- and post infection were assessed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for defined bovine lymphocyte subpopulations. the effector function of the resultant infected cell lines was determined using a cr51 release assay and compared to the uninfected control c ... | 1989 | 2500685 |
| theileria parva: an intracellular protozoan parasite that induces reversible lymphocyte transformation. | | 1989 | 2502427 |