| [intestinal parasitism in the adult. evaluation of 2 years in the university hospital center of sfax]. | from copro parasitologic analyses of two years studied between december 1988 and 1990 in the hospital center of the university of sfax, the authors determined the intestinal parasites profile observed in adults. this intestine parasitism is mainly of protozoair type dominated by the amebae and giardia intestinalis. the helminthes are rarely found. strongyloides stercoralis of an epidemiology unknown in the region was revealed in some patients submitted to an immunosuppressive therapy. the adult ... | 1992 | 1596957 |
| investigation of human giardiasis by karyotype analysis. | the patterns of transmission of giardia lamblia and the potential contribution of strain differences to pathogenicity of infection is poorly understood. we used pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis (pfge) to separate chromosome-sized dna molecules of 22 stocks of g. lamblia isolated from 13 individuals (6 symptomatic, 7 asymptomatic) living in jerusalem. pgfe gels run under a variety of conditions revealed up to nine ethidium bromide-stained bands per isolate ranging in size from 0.7 to gre ... | 1992 | 1601983 |
| giardia antigen detection in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disturbances. | giardia lamblia, a protozoan parasite, is transmitted by cysts in contaminated water or food or by person-to-person contact. the standard in diagnosis has been the microscopic demonstration of fecal cysts, which yields many false negatives due to high variability in cyst excretion. a new method that detects infection even when few parasites are present is now available. this immunodiagnostic test is rapid, sensitive, and specific, and typically requires only a single stool specimen. in this stud ... | 1992 | 1613475 |
| the effectiveness of commercially available disinfectants upon giardia lamblia cysts. | | 1992 | 1617565 |
| the uptake and conversion of l-[u14c-] aspartate and l-[u14c-] alanine to 14co2 by intact trophozoites of giardia duodenalis. | 1. intact trophozoites of giardia duodenalis (clone p1c10) took up and metabolised l-[u14c-] aspartate to 14co2 at rates of 10.27 +/- 0.76 and 27.6 +/- 2.07 ng hr-1 10(-6) cells in a simple maintenance medium (mm) and in a complex bile supplemented (bis-33) medium respectively. 2. intact trophozoite of g. duodenalis (clone p1c10) also took up and metabolised l-[u14c-] alanine to 14co2 at rates of 20.6 +/- 1.1 and 91.4 +/- 17.5 ng hr-1 10(-6) cells in the simple (mm) and complex (bis-33) medium r ... | 1992 | 1617934 |
| hypertrophic gastropathy with transient sessile polyps. | we report an 8-year-old boy with hypertrophic gastropathy (hg) associated with duodenal giardia lamblia infestation. the follow-up was complicated by the development of gastric polyps at the site of previous biopsies that spontaneously disappeared within 15 months. despite the histological similarity, the different course between ménétrier's disease (md) in adults (chronic, with frequent development of sessile or pedunculate polyps) and hg (uncomplicated and usually spontaneously resolving) sugg ... | 1992 | 1619539 |
| chromosome-size variation in giardia lamblia: the role of rdna repeats. | giardia lamblia trophozoites contain at least five sets of chromosomes that have been categorized by chromosome-specific probes. pulsed field separations of g. lamblia chromosomes also demonstrated minor bands in some isolates which stained less intensely with ethidium than the major chromosomal bands. two of the minor bands of the e11 clone of the isr isolate, mba and mbb, were similar to each other and to chromosomal band i by hybridization to total chromosomal dna and by hybridization of spec ... | 1992 | 1620602 |
| comparison of an in vitro method and an in vivo method of giardia excystation. | an in vitro method and an in vivo method of excystation were compared to determine the most useful method for the retrieval of giardia duodenalis isolates. cysts from 11 giardia strains were used. in vitro excystation produced motile trophozoites in 16 sets, while in vivo excystation produced trophozoites in all of the 21 comparative sets of excystations. few cultures were lost because of contamination by either method (17% of in vitro-derived trophozoites versus 23% of in vivo-derived trophozoi ... | 1992 | 1622221 |
| pathophysiology of small intestinal malabsorption in gerbils infected with giardia lamblia. | mongolian gerbils were infected with a human pathogenic giardia lamblia strain and compared with sham-treated control animals 6 days after inoculation. infection resulted in crypt hyperplasia associated with an increased enterocyte migration rate. villus height was decreased in the duodenum, unchanged in the jejunum, and increased in the ileum of infected animals. epithelial microvilli were markedly shortened, and brush border surface area decreased in the jejunum and ileum of infected animals. ... | 1992 | 1634068 |
| epidemiology of giardiasis in wisconsin: increasing incidence of reported cases and unexplained seasonal trends. | giardia lamblia is the most commonly reported enteric pathogen in wisconsin. since giardiasis became a notifiable disease, the annual number of cases reported to the wisconsin division of health has increased more than 20-fold, from 2.2 cases per 100,000 population in 1981 to 49.1 cases per 100,000 population in 1988. to better understand the nature of this increasing trend, we reviewed records of g. lamblia infections reported to the wisconsin division of health from 1981 to 1988. although the ... | 1992 | 1636878 |
| changes in allozyme pattern of the protozoan parasite giardia intestinalis. | the present study compares the allelic profiles of giardia intestinalis grown in vivo and in vitro. three clinical isolates of g. intestinalis were established in suckling mice and subsequently adapted to in vitro culture to test the null hypothesis that samples of the same clinical isolate grown in different culture conditions have identical allelic profiles. for each isolate, a mouse-derived and an axenically cultured sample were analysed electrophoretically at 11 enzyme loci. in each case, th ... | 1992 | 1639578 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the diplomonadida (wenyon, 1926) brugerolle, 1975: evidence for heterochrony in protozoa and against giardia lamblia as a "missing link". | a suite of 23 ultrastructural characters was used in a phylogenetic analysis of the protozoan order diplomonadida. a single most parsimonious solution was found, with a length of 38 transformations and a consistency index of 0.84. the cladogram supports previous hypotheses of the relationships of the genera in the suborder diplomonadina, as well as the inclusion of the genera enteromonas and trimitus in the order. heterochrony is suggested in the change to binary axial symmetry, as hypermorphosi ... | 1992 | 1640383 |
| a gene associated with cell division and drug resistance in giardia duodenalis. | a 3000 bp cdna insert (g6/1) from giardia duodenalis, cloned into escherichia coli is located on chromosome 3 of giardia stocks which have 3 chromosomes detectable by field-inversion gel electrophoresis in the range 650-800 kb and on chromosome 3 and/or 4 of stocks with 4 chromosomes in this size range. the loss of this sequence from chromosome 4 but not chromosome 3 was associated with the induction of drug resistance in a previously sensitive laboratory stock. g6/1 appears to represent a singl ... | 1992 | 1641239 |
| role of soluble factors in immune and normal sera in the control of giardiasis due to giardia lamblia. | hyperimmune sera (his), raised against crude giardia antigen, on in vitro interaction, caused more agglutination of giardia lamblia trophozoites. heat inactivated his possessed a comparable agglutinating activity as the non-inactivated controls. non-inactivated normal (unimmunized) serum caused immobilization of giardia trophozoite, which was checked on heat inactivation. antibodies in immune sera are mainly responsible for agglutination, whereas the heat labile non-immune components control the ... | 1992 | 1642792 |
| a light microscopic study of the course of cellular division of giardia intestinalis trophozoites grown in vitro. | the cellular division of trophozoites of giardia intestinalis group was followed microscopically in stained preparations from axenic cultures. eleven successive stages were described, documented by photomicrographs and their survival times calculated. | 1992 | 1644366 |
| a surface antigen of giardia lamblia with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. | since giardia lamblia trophozoites are exposed to high concentrations of fatty acids in their human small intestinal milieu, we determined the pattern of incorporation of [3h]palmitic acid and myristic acid into g. lamblia proteins. the pattern of fatty acylation was unusually simple since greater than 90% of the giardia protein biosynthetically labeled with either [3h]palmitate or myristate migrated at approximately 49 kda (gp49) in reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophor ... | 1991 | 1657957 |
| the activity of azithromycin against stocks of giardia intestinalis in vitro and in vivo. | | 1991 | 1664150 |
| alterations in enzymatic activities of the intestinal mucosa during the course of giardia lamblia infection in mice. | decline in the specific activities of intestinal cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (icdh); brush border glucoamylase, and isomaltase; and basolateral (na+, k+)-atpase activities were observed during the establishment, acute phase and decline phase of infection in giardia lamblia-infected mice. the degree of decline in the activities of various enzymes correlated well with the number of trophozoites counted in the jejunum. there appeared to be a gradu ... | 1991 | 1667077 |
| giardia lamblia allergenic extract as diagnosis procedures for determining sensitization to this protozoa. | we studied 200 patients assisting at the allergy department and the gastroenterology department in "hermanos ameijeiras" clinical-surgical hospital. they were clinically and immunologically tested for giardiasis through duodenal fortis or gall bladder drainage and total ige serum levels. all patients underwent intradermal and skin prick tests with giardine allergenic extract. these skin tests showed high sensitivity and increased specificity. thus, our procedure in diagnosis is accurate, accessi ... | 1991 | 1669596 |
| intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren of abha (asir), saudi arabia. | stool specimens from 1282 children between the age of 5 and 13 years attending 10 primary schools for boys in the city of abha, southwestern saudi arabia, were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. of these, 313, (24.4%) were found infected with one or more species of 11 intestinal protozoa and helminths. the most common pathogenic protozoa being giardia lamblia (10.9%) followed by entamoeba histolytica (4.1%). the nonpathogenic protozoan, entamoeba coli had the highest prevalence r ... | 1991 | 1671621 |
| frequent rearrangements of rrna-encoding chromosomes in giardia lamblia. | the ribosomal rna (rrna) genes in giardia lamblia are present as short tandem arrays of a 5.6 kb repeat unit on at least six telomeres. four of these telomeres have the same overall organisation comprising a domain ranging in size from 25 to 300 kb, delineated chromosome internally by a conserved island of restriction enzyme sites. cloned lines of g. lamblia derived from the wb strain contain polymorphic subsets of chromosomes encoding rrna genes. however, changes in the size of the rrna telomer ... | 1991 | 1679533 |
| application of atp measurement to evaluation of the growth of parasitic protozoa in vitro with a special reference to pneumocystis carinii. | 1. there was a significant correlation between the increase in the number of entamoeba histolytica, trichomonas vaginalis, giardia lamblia and leishmania donovani in culture, and their atp contents determined by luciferase reaction. 2. the similar correlation was also demonstrated between the decreased number of e. histolytica in the presence of an anti-amebic quassinoid and the nucleotide content in vitro. 3. in the case of pneumocystis carinii, the numbers of the organism remained relatively c ... | 1991 | 1685366 |
| critical comparison of giardia duodenalis from australia and switzerland using isoenzyme electrophoresis. | isoenzyme electrophoresis using 13 enzyme systems was applied to 31 australian and 7 swiss isolates of giardia of human, cat, cattle, dog, sheep and rat origin. the portland (atcc no. 30888) reference strain was also included. the 39 isolates were divided into 22 different zymodemes. these consisted of 19 zymodemes containing the p1 and australian isolates and three zymodemes containing swiss isolates only. differences in enzyme profiles between zymodemes was measured by euclidean distance and i ... | 1991 | 1685867 |
| longitudinal study of young children in kenya: intestinal parasitic infection with special reference to giardia lamblia, its prevalence, incidence and duration, and its association with diarrhoea and with other parasites. | 84 young children from a rural community, nderu, in kenya, were each followed for up to 10 months, from january to november 1987. their ages ranged from 10 to 28 months over the period of study. stools were obtained once a week, as were reports from the mothers about presence of abdominal complaints, including diarrhoea. a total of 2258 stools and 1873 reports were collected. 9 parasites were commonly encountered of which giardia lamblia was the most frequent at 44.7%. the overall estimated numb ... | 1991 | 1686143 |
| stimulation of the absorption of macromolecules in giardia lamblia infected mice intestine. | the absorption of 125i-labelled bovine serum albumin, gamma-globulin and alpha-lactalbumin was considerably enhanced in g. lamblia infected swiss mice intestine compared to uninfected controls. the binding of 125i-proteins to brush border membrane was however, significantly (p less than 0.01) low in infected animals. kinetic studies with gamma-globulin binding to brush borders revealed a decrease in the number of binding sites in infected animals (1.52) compared to controls (2.86 micrograms/mg p ... | 1990 | 1697848 |
| frequency of variant antigens in giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia undergoes antigenic variation. the rate of antigenic variation and the size of the variant antigen repertoire were estimated in clones of giardia lamblia which reexpresses surface variant antigens that are characteristics of its parent. calculations were based on determinations of the number of trophozoites expressing defined or nondefined epitopes as well as the total number of trophozoites in newly established clones. the rate of appearance of variant antigens containing define ... | 1990 | 1699782 |
| variant specific epitopes of giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia undergoes surface antigenic variation. the capability of different isolates to express certain epitopes on the surfaces of trophozoites from different isolates and clones was determined using 4 surface-reacting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to variants derived from wb or wb-like giardia (mabs 6e7, 5c1, and 3f6) and gs/m (mab g10/4). of 28 isolates, 11 possessed trophozoites reactive with mabs 6e7, 5c1 and 3f6, 6 with mab 3f6, 2 with mab g10/4, 1 with mab 6e7, and 8 showed no react ... | 1990 | 1700296 |
| purification and characterization of giardia lamblia antigens in the feces of mongolian gerbils. | in a recent study, we identified giardia lamblia 65- and 70-kda antigens in the feces of infected mongolian gerbils. the 65-kda antigen was from a strain isolated from a human with symptoms of giardiasis, and the 70-kda antigen was from a strain isolated from a human with no symptoms of giardiasis. in this study, we used preparative electrophoresis and electroelution techniques to purify these antigens to a degree which showed a single discrete protein band on silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. ... | 1991 | 1704383 |
| giardia lamblia infestation reveals underlying whipple's disease in a patient with longstanding constipation. | whipple's disease is an uncommon disorder, generally associated with gastrointestinal symptoms; of these, diarrhea is a common feature. we report a case of whipple's disease associated with chronic constipation which was not diagnosed until after giardia lamblia infestation had caused diarrhea. to the best of our knowledge this association has not previously been reported. the clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and manometric aspects are described and discussed. | 1991 | 1705390 |
| isolate and epitope variability in susceptibility of giardia lamblia to intestinal proteases. | the surface antigens of giardia lamblia differ. to determine whether the unique surface antigens found in variants and isolates could differentially protect the parasite from digestion by intestinal protease, g. lamblia clones wb-2x (wb), gs/m-h7 (gs/m), and b6, each of which expresses a unique surface variant antigen, were exposed to alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin at concentrations up to 20 mg/ml in culture medium. the number of surviving trophozoites and morphologic changes were assessed over ... | 1991 | 1706319 |
| antigenic variation in giardia lamblia: cellular and humoral immune response in a mouse model. | neonatal mice (cr:nih:s) were infected with a cloned human isolate of giardia lamblia (gs/m-83-h7) and the surface antigens of the intestinal trophozoites, as well as the cellular and humoral immune responses, were analysed during the course of infection. infections in mice peaked 2-3 weeks after inoculation and were self-cured by day 42 post-infection (p.i.). the proportion of trophozoites expressing the mr 72,000 surface antigen of the initial inoculum had decreased by day 12 and approached ze ... | 1990 | 1707508 |
| cytotoxic effects of children's faeces: relation to diarrhoea due to clostridium difficile and other enteric pathogens. | cytotoxicity of faecal extracts was demonstrated in 47 of 88 children (54%) referred for microbiological investigation of stools. cytotoxic clostridium difficile and vertotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) were the pathogens identified most commonly but cytotoxicity was also found in association with campylobacter jejuni, salmonella spp, shigella sonnei, giardia lamblia, rotavirus, adenovirus and poliovirus type 1 which had been acquired by oral immunization. in two patients, one of whom had cyst ... | 1991 | 1715139 |
| propidium iodide as an indicator of giardia cyst viability. | the use of propidium iodide, whose uptake indicates cell death or damage, was investigated to assess the viability of heat-inactivated and chemically inactivated giardia muris cysts. this was done by comparing propidium iodide staining with excystation. we first determined that propidium iodide could be used with an immunofluorescence detection procedure by showing that the percentages of giardia lamblia cysts stained with this dye before and after subjecting them to a fluorescence detection met ... | 1991 | 1723585 |
| reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to species-specific antigens of entamoeba histolytica. | twenty monoclonal antibodies were produced against trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica strains hk-9 and hm-1: imss. when reactivity to various enteric protozoa was examined by an indirect fluorescence antibody test, 15 of the monoclonal antibodies were strongly reactive with e. histolytica trophozoites. species-specific antigens recognized by these monoclonal antibodies were located on the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and cytoskeletal structures of the trophozoites. two of the remainin ... | 1991 | 1724012 |
| antigenic variation in giardia lamblia: infection of congenitally athymic nude and scid mice. | athymic nude mice of the outbred zur:icr-nu and inbred balb/c strain and scid mice were infected with a cloned human isolate of giardia lamblia (gs/m-83-h7). changes in the expression of the major surface epitope of the intestinal trophozoites (characterized by the binding capacity of monoclonal antibody moabg10/4) as well as cellular and humoral immune parameters of the hosts were followed during the course of infection. self-cure was observed in heterozygous (nu/+) balb/c mice by day 22 post-i ... | 1991 | 1725820 |
| human secretory and serum antibodies recognize environmentally induced antigens of giardia lamblia. | the variability in duration and severity of infection with giardia lamblia is likely to be due to trophozoite interactions with immune and nonimmune components of the small intestinal milieu. despite its potential importance, nothing is known of the isotype or the specificity of the secretory antibody response to g. lamblia. in the present study, we show that serum and secretory antibodies recognize many giardia antigens whose expression is induced by exposure to selected intestinal conditions. ... | 1992 | 1730497 |
| differentiation of giardia duodenalis from other giardia spp. by using polymerase chain reaction and gene probes. | giardia spp. are waterborne organisms that are the most commonly identified pathogenic intestinal protozoans in the united states. current detection techniques for giardia species in water include microscopy and immunofluorescence techniques. species of the genus giardia are classified on the basis of taxonomic criteria, such as cell morphology, and on host specificity. we have developed a polymerase chain reaction- and gene probe-based detection system specific for giardia spp., which can discr ... | 1992 | 1734070 |
| giardiasis. | giardiasis is one of the most common pathogenic intestinal protozoal infections worldwide. giardia lamblia is the most frequently identified etiologic agent in outbreaks associated with the ingestion of surface water, often due to ineffective filtration or pretreatment. in addition to humans, other sources of infection include beavers, perhaps muskrats, and possibly domestic animals. a low infecting dose (10 to 25 cysts) is reported to be sufficient to produce human infection. clinical manifesta ... | 1992 | 1735095 |
| phagocytosis of giardia lamblia trophozoites by cytokine-activated macrophages. | phagocytosis of giardia lamblia trophozoites by cytokine-activated and non-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages was examined in vitro. macrophages treated with recombinant interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) ingested a significantly higher number of in vitro-grown trophozoites than untreated macrophages. maximal uptake of parasites occurred after 4 h and 6 h of incubation where 81.4% and 79.1% of macrophages were positive for trophozoites. other cytokines tes ... | 1992 | 1735194 |
| sexually transmitted protozoal infections. trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia lamblia. | collectively, protozoa account for the largest number of stds worldwide. although these organisms can be eradicated effectively in the individual patient, their high asymptomatic carriage rate appears to have a significant influence on their continued transmission. the best hope for eradication of these organisms lies in a high index of suspicion in high-risk populations and the careful evaluation and treatment of sexual partners of infected persons. | 1992 | 1736479 |
| [marked hematic hypereosinophilia caused by giardia lamblia infestation in a subject with churg-strauss syndrome]. | we report a churg-strauss syndrome case complicated by giardia lamblia infection which increased markedly the number of blood eosinophils with appearance of eosinophils able to form rosettes with unsensitized sheep red blood cells. metronidazolo therapy reduces markedly the blood hypereosinophilia. the strong relationship between blood hypereosinophilia and giardia lamblia in this patient, suggests that there is an interaction between different eosinophilopoietic stimuli. | 1991 | 1745382 |
| parasitic infections in young jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. | data are presented for the first country wide prospective study on gastrointestinal tract parasitic infections done in jamaica. samples from 2,947 young jamaicans drawn from all ecological zones and from all parochial divisions of the island were analyzed. pica was practised by 8.6%. generally, prevalence of organisms was as follows: trichuris trichiura (12.3%), ascaris lumbricoides (9.5%), hookworm (2.2%), strongyloides stercoralis (0.3%), giardia lamblia (6.3%) and entamoeba coli (7.7%). sever ... | 1991 | 1750103 |
| detection of variable dna repeats in diverse eukaryotic microorganisms by a single set of polymerase chain reaction primers. | we cloned and sequenced a variable dna repeat from trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite. targeting of this repeat in the polymerase chain reaction resulted in complex and intense product patterns for a wide variety of eukaryotic microorganisms, including the pathogenic protozoan parasites t. vaginalis, giardia lamblia, leishmania donovani, three species of trypanosoma, and four species of acanthamoeba; the nonpathogenic protozoans, paramecium tetraurelia and tetrahymena thermo ... | 1991 | 1757544 |
| gastrointestinal parasitic infection in healthy jamaican carriers of htlv-i. | a subsample (1.6%; n = 13,260) of a healthy jamaican population of food-handlers, studied by murphy et al. (1991), who were serologically positive (n = 99) or negative (n = 113) for htlv-i was investigated for intestinal parasitic infection using coprological methods. helminth infection included ascaris lumbricoides (2.8%), trichuris trichiura (7.1%) and hookworms (6.1%). entamoeba coli was found in 21.8% of samples, while e. hartmanni, giardia lamblia, endolimax nana, iodamoeba bütschlii and ch ... | 1991 | 1758014 |
| use of pooled formalin-preserved fecal specimens to detect giardia lamblia. | three formalin-preserved fecal specimens from the same child attending a child-care center were pooled and compared with the three separate individual specimens by a single microscopic examination of concentration sediment for giardia lamblia. the sensitivity of the pooled system was 100% when two or more individual specimens were positive and 88% when only one individual specimen was positive. the organism density in a single specimen was not a factor of whether the pool of specimens was positi ... | 1991 | 1761696 |
| characteristics of thymidine transport in giardia intestinalis trophozoites. | the transport of thymidine by the protozoan parasite giardia intestinalis was examined at 0 degrees c. this temperature prevented attachment of the cells to vessel walls, so that a rapid sampling technique could be used. thymidine influx (distinguished from gross uptake) was readily measurable at 0 degrees c and was specific and saturable. the transporter appears to be a facilitative carrier, exhibiting a high affinity for thymidine (km = 50 microm). thymine and uracil were the most effective in ... | 1991 | 1762628 |
| [eosinophilia and giardia lamblia intestinal parasitism]. | | 1991 | 1763217 |
| prevalence of giardia lamblia antibodies in serum and milk in lactating women from different social classes in egypt. | prevalence and levels of systemic and milk antibodies to g. lamblia in the different social classes of the population were studied using the ifat and nor-partigen immunoglobulin plates. blood and milk samples were collected simultaneously from lactating women in urban (cairo) and rural (benha) areas. serum igg was present in 90% of rural low standard mothers, 58% of urban moderate standard mothers, and 25% or urban high standard mothers (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01). ... | 1991 | 1765672 |
| age-related rate of seropositivity of antibody to giardia lamblia in different age groups in cairo. | two hundred and twenty normal individuals were subjected to giardia lamblia antibody igg analysis. all subjects were of low socioeconomic standard using indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat). according to age the study persons were divided into 4 groups : group i with age in between 6 to 35 months, group ii with age in between 3 years and less than 6 years, group iii with age group ranged between 6 years and 16 years old and group iv with age above 16 years. the seropositivity to giard ... | 1991 | 1765682 |
| haematological values and parasitic infections in school children in riyadh, saudi arabia. | a total of 1426 apparently healthy saudi children, were subjected to clinical and laboratory investigations of blood, urine and stools. lower means were observed for hb concentration, hot ratio, rbc and wbc counts. the mcv was in the range of western levels. of 1343 stool specimens 156 (11.6%) were positive for intestinal parasites (5.4% pathogenic and 6.3% commensals). the higher infection rate of commensals strongly suggests the presence of potentially infectious environmental sources and a pu ... | 1991 | 1765697 |
| [reactive arthritis from giardia intestinalis]. | | 1991 | 1766288 |
| giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium infections in child day-care centers in fulton county, georgia. | risk factors for the introduction, spread and persistence of cryptosporidium and giardia lamblia infections in child day-care centers are not well understood. in 1989 and 1990 stool specimens were obtained from 292 diapered children attending 17 randomly selected day-care centers in fulton county, ga; 8 (2.7%) children in 2 centers were infected with cryptosporidium and 21 (7.2%) children in 7 centers were infected with giardia. in 1986 the prevalence of cryptosporidium and giardia in these same ... | 1991 | 1766706 |
| determination of giardia lamblia cyst infective dose for the mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus). | the purpose of this study was to determine the 50% infective dose for giardia lamblia (cdc:0284:1) cysts in mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). the log10 50% infective dose results calculated by probit analysis and the spearman-karber method were 2.45 and 2.50, respectively. | 1991 | 1768111 |
| waterborne-disease outbreaks, 1989-1990. | for the 2-year period 1989-1990, 16 states reported 26 outbreaks due to water intended for drinking; an estimated total of 4,288 persons became ill in these outbreaks. giardia lamblia was implicated as the etiologic agent for seven of the 12 outbreaks in which an agent was identified. the outbreaks of giardiasis were all associated with ingestion of unfiltered surface water or surface-influenced groundwater. an outbreak with four deaths was attributed to escherichia coli o157:h7, the only bacter ... | 1991 | 1770924 |
| carboxy-terminal sequence conservation among variant-specific surface proteins of giardia lamblia. | antigenic variation in the parasitic protozoan giardia lamblia was studied by characterizing the expression and genomic organization of a variant-specific surface protein (vsp) gene. transcripts from this gene, vsp1267, were abundant in the cloned variant wb/1267, but undetectable in the parental clone from which wb/1267 was derived or in variant progeny of wb/1267. two identical copies of vsp1267 exist in the wb/1267 genome, separated by 3 kb and arranged as convergent transcription units. prim ... | 1991 | 1775165 |
| intrinsic factor secretion and cobalamin absorption. physiology and pathophysiology in the gastrointestinal tract. | intrinsic factor is produced by the gastric parietal cell. its secretion is stimulated via all pathways known to stimulate gastric acid secretion: histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine. there is, however, a different mode of secretion for both substances: atropine, vagotomy, and h2 receptor antagonists inhibit both intrinsic factor and acid secretion, but secretin and the hydrogen-potassium atpase antagonist omeprazole have no effect on intrinsic factor while substantially reducing acid secretio ... | 1991 | 1775933 |
| in vitro encystation of giardia lamblia: large-scale production of in vitro cysts and strain and clone differences in encystation efficiency. | a method for obtaining large numbers of giardia lamblia cysts in vitro was developed based on modification of earlier methods of in vitro encystation. maximal numbers of cysts were obtained by growing trophozoites to confluence in tyi-s-33 growth medium containing 0.5 mg/ml of bovine bile, followed by incubation in medium containing 10 mg/ml of bovine bile, at ph 7.8 for 96 h at 37 c. up to 4 x 10(5) cysts were obtained per milliliter of encystation medium. cysts thus obtained were similar in st ... | 1991 | 1779302 |
| results of testing for intestinal parasites by state diagnostic laboratories, united states, 1987. | we analyzed results of 216,275 stool specimens examined by the state diagnostic laboratories in 1987; parasites were found in 20.1%. percentages were highest for protozoans: giardia lamblia (7.2%), entamoeba coli and endolimax nana (4.2% each), blastocystis hominis (2.6%), entamoeba histolytica (0.9%), and cryptosporidium species (0.2%). identifications of giardia lamblia increased broadly from the 4.0% average found in 1979, with 40 states reporting increases and seven decreases. most states th ... | 1991 | 1779956 |
| effect of human milk and infant milk formulae on adherence of giardia intestinalis. | human milk was shown to inhibit adherence of giardia at concentrations as low as 0.5%. unsaturated fatty acids were also found to cause significant inhibitory effects on adherence, with ed50 values less than 1 microm for arachidonic, linoleic and palmitic acids. a variety of infant feeding formulae derived from cow's milk and soy bean had suppressive effects on adherence. these observations may explain in part the low prevalence of giardiasis in young infants. | 1991 | 1780990 |
| diarrhoeal disease in children less than one year of age at a children's hospital in guangzhou, people's republic of china. | we performed a case-control study of diarrhoea to determine its causes in children less than 1 year old in guangzhou, people's republic of china, in april to september 1989. stools were cultured for salmonella, shigella, campylobacter and vibrios by standard techniques; rotavirus (rv) was identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; and specific deoxyribonucleic acid probes were used to identify escherichia coli containing genes coding for shiga-like toxin i and ii, enteropathogenic e. coli ... | 1991 | 1781004 |
| gtp activates two enzymes of pyrimidine salvage from the human intestinal parasite giardia intestinalis. | | 1991 | 1781377 |
| influence of enteral parasites on the blood vitamin a levels in preschool children orally supplemented with retinol and/or zinc. | a sample of 471 pre-school children who frequented schools and crêches in a poor district of manaus (amazonas), brazil, were randomly submitted to faecal parasitological tests. two-hundred-and-forty children from both sexes between the ages of 3 and 7 years with ascaris lumbricoides and/or giardia lamblia were selected. the objective of the study was to determine the possible influence of these two intestinal parasites and vitamin a and/or zinc supplementation on the serum retinol levels of prim ... | 1991 | 1782925 |
| purification and substrate specificity of two cysteine proteinases of giardia lamblia. | the proteinase activity present in homogenates of trophozoites of giardia lamblia, active on azocasein and urea-denaturated hemoglobin, was separated into two different enzymes by a series of purification procedures. these procedures included gel filtration on fractogel tsk hw-55 (f), organomercurial agarose affinity chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose. by chromatography on sephadex g-100, two purified enzymes exhibited relative molecular weights of mr = 95,000 and ... | 1991 | 1787424 |
| a possible role of crows in the spread of diarrhoeal diseases in aden. | the indian house crow (corvus splendens) has increased dramatically in number in aden. these birds pollute the environment by dropping their faecal material all over the city. they may accordingly be related to important public health problems. the present work aimed at investigating the possibility that they play a role in the spread of diarrheal diseases. one hundred and fifty crows were collected and their liver, intestine and cloaca examined bacteriologically for enterobacteriaceae and vibri ... | 1991 | 1791416 |
| single-dose ornidazole versus seven-day metronidazole therapy of giardiasis in kibbutzim children in israel. | the efficacy of single-dose ornidazole versus seven days metronidazole in the treatment of giardiasis was tested in a randomized study of 75 kibbutzim children in israel. all the children treated were clinically cured, and the parasites disappeared from stool examinations after the first follow-up. by the end of the study (21 days after the beginning of treatment), all the patients remained free of symptoms, but cysts of giardia lamblia were found in the stools of three children from the ornidaz ... | 1991 | 1794369 |
| [intestinal parasites in primary school students]. | five hundred thirty-one stool samples obtained from primary schools. the age range was between 7 and 13 years, 49% of the patients were females an 51% of the patients males. in our study it has been observed that the parasite incidence was 36.9% the predominant parasite was ascaris lumbricoides (12%), giardia intestinalis (9%), hymenolepis nana (7.1%) entamoeba histolytica (6%) and trichuris trichiura (2.6%) respectively, we detected six different parasites in the primary school students because ... | 1991 | 1795661 |
| in vitro effects of berberine sulphate on the growth and structure of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis. | the plant alkaloid, berberine sulphate, inhibited the growth of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis in bi-s-33 medium, and induced morphological changes in the parasites. exposure of e. histolytica to berberine caused a clumping of chromatin in the nucleus, and the formation of autophagic vacuoles and aggregates of small vacuoles in the cytoplasm. in berberine-treated g. lamblia, an irregularly-shaped vacuole appeared in the cytoplasm and gradually enlarged during cu ... | 1991 | 1796883 |
| a simple method for excystation of giardia lamblia cysts. | fresh giardia lamblia trophozoites were isolated by in vitro excystation of purified cysts from the faeces of saudi patients. the method consisted of mixing one part of the cyst suspension with nine parts of 1 n hydrochloric acid, at ph 2, then culturing the excysted trophozoites in modified tyi-s-33 medium in sealed glass vials. during the excystation process most cysts developed a space between the trophozoite and the cyst wall, and after several steps of enlargement the trophozoite emerged at ... | 1991 | 1796884 |
| [immunotherapy using giardia lamblia extract in recurrent chronic sensitized urticaria]. | a study of 100 patients with chronic urticaria by giardia lamblia parasitic infection were reviewed. the urticaria had been resistant to antihistamine, corticosteroid and antiparasitic therapy. an urticaria evaluation included cbc, immunoglobulins m, g, a and e determinations, and stool examination, bile drainage and duodenal smear for ova and parasites. a prick test with giardia's allergen 1, 10 and 100 unp dilutions were realized. we found a 93% improvement in clinical symptoms using allergy i ... | 1991 | 1798904 |
| [giardia intestinalis: transmission electron microscopy study of in vitro excystation]. | the in vitro excystation process in giardia intestinalis was studied by transmission electron microscopy (tem). untreated cysts served as controls. the excystation process was monitored by examination of organisms after the in vitro induction and at several times during the incubation phase. the control cyts had a thick wall, made of microfibrils, that appeared not to contain any weak areas. the peritrophic space extended between the cyst wall and the organism peripherally, the space was delimit ... | 1991 | 1799884 |
| a study of the bacterial and parasitic causes of acute diarrhoea in northern jordan. | the prevalence of bacterial and parasitic diarrhoeagenic agents in 200 patients suffering from acute diarrhoea and reporting to hospitals and health centres in northern jordan, and in controls was determined. one or more bacterial or parasitic enteropathogens was isolated from 79 patients (39.5%). prevalence rates for these pathogens was as follows: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, 9%; enteropathogenic e. coli, 9%; salmonella spp. 7%; campylobacter spp, 5.5%; yersinia enterocolitica, 4.5%; shig ... | 1991 | 1800560 |
| evaluation of specific serum anti-giardia igm antibody response in diagnosis of giardiasis in children. | diagnosis of giardia intestinalis infection is usually made by examination of stool specimens and/or by more invasive methods such as microscopy of duodenal juice or small bowel mucosal biopsies. serological diagnostic methods have been developed but have not been evaluated in children. in this study specific anti-giardia immunoglobulin (ig) m, igg and iga antibody titres were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. giardia parasites were sought in jejunal mucosal biopsies and in faeces f ... | 1991 | 1801344 |
| enhanced antiparasitic activity of lipophilic tetracyclines: role of uptake. | it was previously noted that the inhibitory activities of lipophilic tetracyclines against the growth of giardia lamblia in vitro were up to 40-fold greater than those of nonlipophilic tetracyclines (50% inhibitory concentration [ic50] = 1.8 to 71 micrograms/ml) (t. d. edlind, antimicrob. agents chemother. 33:2144-2145, 1989). we have now extended this observation to trichomonas vaginalis (ic50 = 2.9 to 200 micrograms/ml), entaoeba histolytica (ic50 = 3.8 to 36 micrograms/ml), and leishmania maj ... | 1991 | 1803991 |
| giardia duodenalis: a freeze-fracture, fracture-flip and cytochemistry study. | the freeze-fracture technique was used to study the structural organization of the membranes of trophozoites of the protozoon giardia duodenalis. no special array of intramembranous particles was observed in the membrane lining the protozoon body or the flagella. a large globular protuberance located in the ventral region displayed several small circular indentations similar to those seen in the dorsal region. these also occurred on the parasite surface as revealed in fracture-flip replicas. a l ... | 1991 | 1805207 |
| role of cytoskeleton and surface lectins in giardia duodenalis attachment to caco2 cells. | an in vitro model of giardia duodenalis and the caco2 cell line enable the study of parameters that could play a part in trophozoite attachment. we explored the role of membranous lectins of g. duodenalis in attachment-inhibition studies using carbohydrates in solution. attachment rates were reduced by 14% and 23% in the presence of 100 mmol/l mannose-6-phosphate and glucose, respectively, as compared with control values. no significant modification was observed after trophozoite trypsinization ... | 1991 | 1805208 |
| [reactive arthritis and infestation by giardia lamblia]. | the association between reactive arthritis and giardia lamblia infestation, although it has been previously described, is not very common. we present a 32 year-old woman who had oligo-arthritis and erythema nodosum after giardia lamblia infestation. we think that a giardiasis should be more frequently considered in patients with arthritis after an episode of diarrhea. | 1991 | 1805894 |
| detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in acute diarrheal stools. | three hundred and fifty stool samples from patients with acute diarrhea and 30 samples from normal healthy controls were examined for the presence of various parasitic and bacterial enteropathogens by conventional techniques. cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 15 out of 350 (4.3%) fecal samples. in 10 cases (2.9%) it was identified as a sole pathogen while in 5 cases (1.4%) it was isolated in association with cysts of e. histolytica, giardia lamblia and with salmonella typhimurium. ten out ... | 1991 | 1808080 |
| secretory defenses against giardia lamblia. | | 1991 | 1809002 |
| giardia lamblia: phospholipid analysis of human isolates. | thin layer chromatograms for phospholipids obtained from 11 human giardia lamblia isolates and their culture media have shown that phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are the predominant phospholipid classes in all samples. a decrease in the relative percentage of the different classes, especially of phosphatidylcholine, was noticed in the medium after giardia growth. fatty acid analysis of the parasite phosphatidylcholine demonstrated that while oleate and palmitate were the major fatty acids ... | 1991 | 1811436 |
| clinical profile of giardiasis and comparison of its therapeutic response to metronidazole and tinidazole. | seventy five cases (50 males, 25 females; mean age 20.2 +/- 5.8 years), whose stools were positive for cysts and/or trophozoites of giardia lamblia, were studied for their clinical profile and therapeutic response to metronidazole and tinidazole. maximum frequency of cases (41.2%) was noted upto 20 years of age, and it declined with advancing age. a majority of them (41.3%) presented with non-specific symptoms while 38.6% were asymptomatic parasite carriers. features of malabsorption were observ ... | 1991 | 1814877 |
| human cellular immune response to giardia lamblia. | human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from two individuals experimentally and one naturally infected with giardia lamblia responded strongly (in an in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay) to both heterologous and homologous (parasite origin) g. lamblia antigen stimuli. proliferative responses to specific antigens as determined by t-cell blotting were due to giardia t-cell epitopes mostly present in antigens lower than mr 85,000 and 31,000 in isolates pm and gs/m-h7, respectively. addi ... | 1991 | 1816113 |
| isolation and axenization of giardia lamblia isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in mexico. | infection of the small intestine of humans with the parasitic protozoan giardia lamblia may have an asymptomatic course, or else, may produce acute or chronic diarrhea. in order to establish if the different clinical outcome of giardiasis in children could be due, at least partially, to strain differences, isolates from asymptomatic and symptomatic cases studied in mexico city during 1986 and 1987 were cultured under axenic conditions. with modifications of available methods for the isolation of ... | 1991 | 1819980 |
| [role of giardiasis in non-ulcer dyspepsia]. | in 1987 and 1988, 340 consecutive patients attended the endoscopy centre of cochin hospital, paris, and underwent oesophago-gastroduodenal endoscopy in a search for giardia lamblia parasitology and histology. two-hundred and eight of these patients presented with non-ulcer dyspepsia and entered a prospective study aimed at determining the advisability of a systematic search for giardia lamblia in this population. six biopsies were positive for giardiasis, including 3 in patients with acquired im ... | 1991 | 1829198 |
| identification of heterogeneity in human isolates of giardia lamblia by isoenzyme studies. | electrophoretic mobility patterns of six enzymes, viz. alkaline phosphatase e.c. 3.1.3.1., acid phosphatase e.c. 3.1.3.2., malic enzyme e.c. 1.1.1.40., phosphoglucomutase e.c. 2.7.5.1., isocitrate dehydrogenase e.c. 1.1.1.42., glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase e.c. 1.1.1.49 of two axenically cultured human giardia lamblia isolated from india (pd-1 and pd-2) and one strain from portland, oregon, usa (p-1) were compared using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). based on the difference in th ... | 1991 | 1830742 |
| dna fingerprinting of the human intestinal parasite giardia intestinalis with hypervariable minisatellite sequences. | individual isolates of the giardia duodenalis group of protozoan intestinal parasites were identified by dna fingerprinting with hypervariable minisatellite sequences. a morphologically identical parasite is found in some forty different animal species. although the species name intestinalis is reserved for the human isolates, electrophoretic karyotyping suggests that most duodenalis isolates fall into the same species grouping. distinction based upon morphology, restriction endonuclease cleavag ... | 1991 | 1831167 |
| kinetics of intraepithelium and lamina propria lymphocyte responses during giardia lamblia infection in mice. | the responses of intestinal t-cell subsets and immunoglobulin containing cells were assessed during the course of experimental giardia lamblia infection in inbred nmri mice. quantitation of t-cell subsets in intraepithelium (iel) and lamina propria (lpl) revealed increased influx of lyt 2.2+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) t cells and thy 1.2+ t cells during the establishment (3-5 days post-inoculation) and peak (9-11 days post-inoculation) phases of infection. the influx of these cells reduced as the pa ... | 1991 | 1836523 |
| [prevalence of intestinal parasitoses in a sample of italian and immigrant workers employed in the food sector of turin]. | we studied the prevalence of intestinal parasites in a random sample of immigrants and italians employed in the food industry. prevalence ranged from 20.8% among immigrants to 5.6% among italians. where helminths are widespread among indochinese, protozoa are more common among africans. three cases of entamoeba histolytica in asymptomatic subjects were identified and successfully treated. we observed high levels of giardia intestinalis both in italians (2.2%) and immigrants (3.9%). prevalence of ... | 1991 | 1838507 |
| analysis of a giardia lamblia rrna encoding telomere with [taggg]n as the telomere repeat. | | 1991 | 1840670 |
| ultrastructure of giardia duodenalis trophozoites group from hamster: some relevant aspects. | trophozoites of giardia duodenalis group obtained from fragments or scratched of hamster's mucosa were examined by transmission electron microscopy. the fine structure of the trophozoites are presented and compared with those described for other animals. some of the trophozoites present the cytoplasm full of glycogen, rough endoplasmic reticulum-like structures and homogeneous inclusions not enclosed by membranes, recognized as lipid drops, which had not been observed in giardia from other anima ... | 1991 | 1842435 |
| [giardia lamblia: comparison of two diagnostic methods and evaluation of response to treatment with metronidazole]. | during the period from march through november 1989, 70 children who were attended at the pediatric department at central hospital in valencia, were enrolled in the study, it was thought that giardia lamblia infection might be present. giardia l. were identified using two different diagnostic procedures: from stool samples and duodenal aspirates for cysts or trophozoites examination. these children were treated with metronidazole three dosage of 15, 30 and 50 mg/kg per day for a ten day period. o ... | 1991 | 1843930 |
| [giardiasis in nurseries supported by the são paulo municipal prefecture, 1982/1983]. | parasitological analysis was carried out during 1982 and 1983 in 3,076 children aged under 7 years, who were enrolled in 52 day nurseries supported by municipal prefecture of são paulo and 50 food handlers (cooking employees) working at 18 day nurseries. the prevalence of giardia lamblia infection was studied according to sex, age group and seasonal variations, and attained 32.80% among children and 4.0% among adult population. the occurrence of giardiasis was most frequent in age group correspo ... | 1991 | 1844383 |
| [blastocystis hominis in canavese: a retrospective study of samples received for fecal parasitological examination at the ivrea- castellamonte hospital over 42 months]. | in the last ten years the interest in the controversial blastocystis hominis microorganism of the intestine has greatly increased. the authors conducted a retrospective study of feces for parasitology investigations at the ivrea-castellamonte hospital. these investigations lasted 42 months (1/1/1988-31/6/1991) and the authors focused their attention on samples with 5 or more blastocystis hominis at the microscopically examination with a 40x phase objective. during the study 2,138 samples of fece ... | 1991 | 1844921 |
| [long term observation of children with giardia intestinalis invasion treated with metronidazole and furazolidone]. | the results of a long-term (3-year) follow-up of children infected with g. intestinalis treated with metronidazole and furazolidone are presented. therapy was effective in 84-95% of cases, depending of the duration or the follow-up. repetition of therapy with tinidazole was indicated in 5% of children after 6 months and in 15% of children after 1 and 2 years of observation because of persisting symptoms of the infection or recurrence. more frequent the treatment was necessary in children under 3 ... | 1991 | 1845738 |
| serum antibody response in children with giardia lamblia infection and identification of an immunodominant 57-kilodalton antigen. | giardia lamblia antigens which react with sera from children with g. lamblia infection were investigated by sodium-dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. serum igg, igm and iga response to the antigens were immunochemically characterized. serum antibodies from all giardiasis patients, but none of the controls, was found to react with a 57-kilodalton antigen. the 57 kda antigen elicited igg and iga but not igm antibodies. the protein nature of the 57 kda antigen was demons ... | 1991 | 1852478 |
| giardia infection in pigs: detection and in vitro isolation of trophozoites of the giardia intestinalis group. | giardia infections were detected in 14 out of 32 weaned, 1 to 2-month-old pigs, used in experiments with coccidia. giardia trophozoites were present in the small intestine from the duodenum to the ileum with maximum numbers in the cranial part of the upper jejunum. they were localized mainly on the surface of intestinal crypts. no histological changes accompanied the infection and the infected animals were asymptomatic. giardia trophozoites obtained from the intestines of necropsied pigs were is ... | 1991 | 1852483 |
| immunohistochemical labeling of giardia trophozoites spp. in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. | an immunoperoxidase method using rabbit anti human giardia lamblia serum for the demonstration of giardia in paraffin embedded intestinal animal tissue is described. specificity was tested against other protozoal parasites. | 1991 | 1853670 |
| controlled trial of giardia lamblia: control strategies in day care centers. | strategies for control of giardia lamblia in day care differ in numbers of children treated and in costs to parents and day care operators. the effectiveness of these strategies has not been systematically evaluated. | 1991 | 1853990 |
| immunofluorescence and morphology of giardia lamblia cysts exposed to chlorine. | giardia cyst-like objects detected by immunofluorescence in chlorinated water samples often cannot be positively identified by their morphological appearance. to determine the effect of chlorine on cyst immunofluorescence and morphology, giardia lamblia cysts were exposed to chlorine for 48 h. the majority of cysts exposed to chlorine concentrations of 1 to 11 mg/liter at 5 and 15 degrees c lost their internal morphological characteristics necessary for identification, but most of them were stil ... | 1991 | 1854208 |
| recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after autologous bone marrow transplantation for relapsed non-hodgkin's lymphoma: blood and bone marrow progenitor growth studies. a phase ii eastern cooperative oncology group trial. | sixteen patients with relapsed non-hodgkin's lymphoma underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation and infusion of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhgm-csf). treatment consisted of involved-field radiotherapy, cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/d intravenously (iv) for 2 days, and fractionated total body irradiation (1,200 cgy). autologous bone marrow was thawed and infused iv, followed 3 hours later by the first infusion of iv rhgm-csf 11 micrograms/kg/d over 4 ho ... | 1991 | 1859894 |
| giardia lamblia in patients undergoing upper g.i. endoscopy. | to determine the frequency of giardiasis in patients undergoing upper g.i. endoscopy for dyspepsia and other upper g.i. disorders, duodenal aspirates were collected in 200 patients and simultaneous duodenal biopsies in 163 patients. nine percent aspirates and 1.8% duodenal biopsies showed giardia lamblia trophozoites. giardia as a cause of dyspepsia should be considered in patients with negative endoscopy and in those who remain symptomatic inspite of adequate treatment for known upper g.i. diso ... | 1991 | 1861341 |