| nuclear imaging in coccidioidal osteomyelitis. | six cases of osteomyelitis due to coccidioides immitis are presented. the cases reported demonstrate the importance of performing both bone and gallium imaging to avoid missing the osseous coccidioidal lesions. | 1987 | 3478164 |
| an overview of macrophage-fungal interactions. | a review of the literature (148 references) on the interactions of fungi with polymorphonuclear cells, monocytes and macrophages is presented. the interactions of aspergillus species, coccidioides immitis, blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, and candida species with human and experimental animal derived immune cells are examined in this overview. an effort has been made to present the reader with a comprehensive list of references with the ... | 1986 | 3520327 |
| fungal pneumonia in transplant recipients. | fungal pneumonia is an infrequent but devastating complication of solid organ transplantation. the suspicion of fungal pulmonary infections caused by the dimorphic fungi is based on particular knowledge about the recipient's past or present residence in an endemic area. some fungi, such as cryptococcus neoformans, candida sp and mucor sp are associated with concomitant diabetes mellitus. the level of immunosuppressive therapy is also a major predisposing factor. for some fungi, such as coccidioi ... | 1990 | 2188321 |
| humoral antibody responses to specific antigens of coccidioides immitis. | to identify antigens important to the diagnosis or pathogenesis of coccidioidomycosis, we analyzed three coccidioidal extracts by immunoblotting techniques with sera from patients infected with coccidioides immitis and from immunized rabbits. when denatured fungal extracts were used, sera from at least 9 of 10 patients reacted with antigens of 100, 60, and 45 kilodaltons (kda). by agar diffusion, the 100-kda antigen appeared to be identical to the conventional tube precipitin antigen. five of th ... | 1986 | 3522757 |
| fungemia due to coccidioides immitis. an analysis of 16 episodes in 15 patients and a review of the literature. | sixteen episodes of fungemia due to coccidioides immitis were identified in 15 patients over a 7-year period at 2 hospital associated with the university of arizona in tucson. fourteen of the 15 patients were male and 13 had an underlying condition, including malignancy in 6 and aids in 3. ten of the patients were receiving corticosteroids at the time of fungemia. tp antibodies were present in 5 of 9 episodes and some titer of cf antibody was present in 7 of 11 instances. none of the 10 patients ... | 1986 | 3528738 |
| serum-mediated suppression of lymphocyte transformation responses in coccidioidomycosis. | lymphocyte transformation (lt) responses to coccidioidin (cdn) and spherulin were suppressed in 11 (73%) of 15 patients with active coccidioidomycosis when their mononuclear cells were assayed in autologous serum as compared to serum from healthy, cdn skin test-positive subjects. suppressed lt responses were specific for coccidioides immitis antigens in 7 (64%) of the 11 patients. immunoaffinity chromatography of patient sera with staphylococcus protein a adsorbed the suppressor component(s) and ... | 1987 | 3552984 |
| vaccines against fungal infections. | the state-of-the-art reached in developing protective immunity against fungal infections through vaccination makes a survey of methodologies and results timely. this review describes experimental vaccinations against dermatophytes, pathogenic yeasts, and dimorphic fungi with special attention to the anti-coccidioides immitis vaccine, which has reached clinical trials, and to the anti-candida albicans and anti-histoplasma capsulatum ribosomal vaccines. also covered are vaccination experiments in ... | 1987 | 3556019 |
| description of a case of rhinosporidiosis in spain. | rhinosporidiosis is reviewed, and the first autochthonous case in spain is presented (site: in the nasal cavity of a 19-year-old male from a rural background). diagnosis was established morphologically after eliminating the possibilities of cryptococcus neoformans, coccidioides immitis, and chrysosporium crescens. clinico-pathological features are described. preparations were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, pas, and methenamine silver, and studied for fluorescence. certain aspects of the epidemi ... | 1987 | 3561472 |
| approach to diagnosis of meningitis. cerebrospinal fluid evaluation. | csf evaluation is the single most important aspect of the laboratory diagnosis of meningitis. analysis of the csf abnormalities produced by bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal infections may greatly facilitate diagnosis and direct initial therapy. basic studies of csf that should be performed in all patients with meningitis include measurement of pressure, cell count and white cell differential; determination of glucose and protein levels; gram's stain; and culture. in bacterial meningitis, lim ... | 1990 | 2277190 |
| comparative efficacy of forphenicinol, cyclosporine, and amphotericin b in experimental murine coccidioidomycosis. | cohorts of ten mice, uninfected and infected (intratracheal injection of coccidioidal arthroconidia), were treated for 23 days by intravenous injections of either 5% glucose solution, an immunostimulant (forphenicinol), an immunodepressant (cyclosporine), or amphotericin b. all mice were autopsied (survivors at 26 days postinoculation) and suspensions of lungs, livers, and spleens were cultured. all uninfected animals survived and gained weight, whereas, only 20% of the infected controls survive ... | 1987 | 3581735 |
| purification and amino-terminal sequence analysis of the complement-fixing and precipitin antigens from coccidioides immitis. | two proteins (21 and 48 kilodaltons) purified from endospore-spherule culture filtrates of coccidioides immitis are identified as precipitin and complement-fixing antigens, respectively. to allow specific structural comparison to antigens identified by other investigators and as a first step to eventual serodiagnostic antigen production by recombinant dna technology, amino-terminal amino acid sequences were determined for these antigens. | 1990 | 2312685 |
| antigenic identity of biologically active antigens in coccidioidin and spherulin. | we recently reported the isolation of three clinically relevant antigens from coccidioidin; viz., the antigen that is reactive in the immunodiffusion (id) assay for detecting tube precipitin (tp) antibody (designated idtp); the antigen that is reactive in the id assay for detecting complement-fixing antibody (designated idcf); and the heat-stable (hs) antigen which, when demonstrated in soluble extracts of fungal cultures by using the idhs assay, establishes the mycologic identification of cocci ... | 1987 | 3666954 |
| development of a comparative dot elisa for the detection of antibodies in blastomycosis. | we present a preliminary study utilizing an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies in blastomycosis using nitrocellulose membrane as the solid support. the comparative dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cde) utilizing blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, and coccidioides immitis antigens allows rapid screening of specimens and determination of a serum profile with respect to anti-blastomyces antibodies. sensitivity (76% or greater) and specificity (approximately 12% ... | 1987 | 3691032 |
| influence of fungal surface components on the interaction of coccidioides immitis with polymorphonuclear neutrophils. | polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) possess phagocytic and fungicidal activity against coccidioides immitis that declines during maturation from arthroconidia to round cells, is lost throughout spherule maturation, and returns when endospores are released from ruptured spherules. studies of pmn chemiluminescence, iodination, and degranulation give similar results. phagocytosis of forms other than spherules is strain dependent and enhanced by immune serum. the absence of adequate pmn-spherule in ... | 1986 | 3701107 |
| gastrointestinal dissemination of coccidioidomycosis. | an unusual case of extensive gastrointestinal involvement by the fungus coccidioides immitis is reported in a 21-yr-old man. this unique case demonstrates the occurrence of this fungus within chylous ascites, the mesentery, and invasion of the entire length of the small bowel. histological and cultural documentation for gastrointestinal tract involvement by c. immitis other than for the rare occurrence of peritonitis has not been previously reported. the significance of the disseminated gastroin ... | 1986 | 3717124 |
| experimental coccidioidomycosis: effects of cyclophosphamide in immunologic responses. | rats were infected with coccidioides immitis and injected with cyclophosphamide three days pre or post infection. administration of the drug before the infection caused enhancement of dth response and decrease of the colony forming units (cfu). conversely, injection of the drug three days post infection produced contrary effects, indicating that a normal t-cell function is essential as a defense mechanism in c. immitis infection. | 1986 | 3724838 |
| induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha by spherules of coccidioides immitis. | the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) functions as an immunomodulatory protein and as a mediator of cachexia. we report that viable or formalin-killed spherules of coccidioides immitis induced the secretion of tnf-alpha by peritoneal-exudate cells from balb/c mice. the identification of the cytokine as tnf-alpha was based on its lytic activity against the tnf-alpha-sensitive ls murine fibrosarcoma cell line but not the tnf-alpha-resistant lr cell line, its neutralization by rabbit ... | 1989 | 2731976 |
| coccidioides immitis infections in bones and joints. | coccidioides immitis infections of bones and joints pose difficult problems in diagnosis and treatment. to evaluate further the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, a retrospective review was conducted of 24 patients with 44 separate skeletal lesions of c. immitis infection, as determined by positive culture. patients treated with combined medical and surgical treatment are more likely to have a successful outcome than those treated with medical therapy alone (p less than 0.005). although im ... | 1986 | 3769263 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy in diagnosing lung infection was determined in 276 fiberoptic bronchoscopic examinations done on 171 patients with known or suspected acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. of 173 pathogens (pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, cryptococcus neoformans, m. tuberculosis, coccidioides immitis, and histoplasma capsulatum) identified during the initial evaluation or in the subsequent month, the initial ... | 1985 | 2986505 |
| quantitative computed tomography evaluation of benign solitary pulmonary nodules. | a retrospective evaluation of stable solitary pulmonary nodules was completed in 14 patients using a ge 8800 ct scanner and the computerized imaging reference systems, inc., computed tomography chest phantom. patients with a stable nodule for at least 24 months and no evidence of calcification within the nodule by plain radiography were selected for the study. using the phantom, a quantitative assessment of nodule density was done in each patient. of 14 nodules, five were categorized as benign. ... | 1987 | 3802874 |
| coccidioidomycosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | of 27 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in tucson, arizona, 7 had concurrent coccidioidomycosis. early manifestations of infection in 6 patients included diffuse nodular pulmonary infiltrates and coccidioides immitis in many extrathoracic sites. by comparison, a retrospective review of the cases of 300 patients hospitalized with coccidioidal infection identified only 13 patients without aids who had the same extent of infection, and only 3 of these patients had no immun ... | 1987 | 3813236 |
| multiple intracranial aneurysms due to coccidioides immitis infection. case report. | true mycotic (fungal) aneurysms are distinctly uncommon. the case of a young woman with multiple intracranial aneurysms of coccidioides immitis origin is presented. coccidioides immitis organisms are not uncommon central nervous system pathogens and usually cause basilar meningitis and hydrocephalus. there are no previous reports of a coccidioidal mycotic aneurysm. the management of intracranial coccidioidomycosis and fungal aneurysms is reviewed. | 1987 | 3819840 |
| elastase activity of coccidioides immitis. | twenty-two strains of coccidioides immitis were tested for the ability to hydrolyse elastin. screening assays with czapek's or tryptic soy agar supplemented with 0.5% elastin demonstrated that 21 strains (95%) were elastolytic. in broth cultures, elastase activity was induced by incorporation of insoluble elastin into the medium and induction was suppressed by supplementation with yeast extract. c. immitis appears to be unique amongst dimorphic fungal pathogens in its digestion of elastin. | 1985 | 3844035 |
| elastase activity of fungi with anamorphs similar to coccidioides immitis. | the elastin digestion assay was examined to determine if it would facilitate the identification of coccidioides immitis when non-pathogenic fungi resembling c. immitis are encountered. fungal isolants tested have anamorphs that closely resemble the macroscopic or microscopic morphology of c. immitis. elastin hydrolysis was measured by elastin-agar plate assays. approximately 80% of the isolants hydrolyzed elastin; thus, the elastin digestion assay as a differential test appears to have little va ... | 1985 | 3853753 |
| ocular coccidioidomycosis in a cat. | enucleation of the right eye was performed on a 12-year-old male persian cat when therapy for uveitis failed. histologic examination of the anterior and posterior chambers and the vitreous led to a diagnosis of endophthalmitis caused by coccidioides immitis infection. the primary focus of infection was not determined. latex particle agglutination, agar gel immunodiffusion, and complement fixation gave negative results for coccidioides immitis antibody. | 1985 | 3897158 |
| treatment of murine coccidioidal meningitis with fluconazole (uk 49,858). | male icr mice were challenged intracerebrally with endospores of coccidioides immitis and then treated with water (control), fluconazole, amphotericin b (fungizone), or ketoconazole (nizoral). all three drugs markedly prolonged survival, and all three drugs lowered brain colony counts of c. immitis. survival of mice treated orally with fluconazole at the high dose was longer than in the ketoconazole treated group. amphotericin b was more efficacious than fluconazole. further investigations are n ... | 1986 | 3014105 |
| treatment of systemic mycoses with ketoconazole: in vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates of systemic and pathogenic fungi to ketoconazole. | ketoconazole was tested in vitro in three different media against 69 isolates of pathogenic fungi by using a macro-broth dilution procedure. the dimorphic systemic pathogens were highly susceptible, with most isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum being inhibited and killed by concentrations less than or equal to 0.39 micrograms of ketoconazole/ml. most isolates of coccidioides immitis were also inhibited or killed by 0.39 micrograms of ketoconazole/ml; however, several ... | 1985 | 3905985 |
| comparison and diagnostic value of the coccidioidin heat-stable (hs and tube precipitin) antigens in immunodiffusion. | coccidioides immitis produces two unrelated heat-stable antigens which are diagnostically useful in immunodiffusion tests. one, the tube precipitin antigen, is valuable for specifically detecting antibody and diagnosing early primary cases of coccidioidomycosis. the other heat-stable antigen, designated hs, is the most useful coccidioidin antigen for specifically immunoidentifying c. immitis cultures. both of the antigens were compared and evaluated for their usefulness in exoantigen and serolog ... | 1985 | 3935661 |
| inhibition of different phases of coccidioides immitis by human neutrophils or hydrogen peroxide. | as arthroconidia of coccidioides immitis transform into spherules, the fungal particles progressively become more resistant to the inhibitory effects of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnls) as measured by pmnl inhibition of fungal incorporation of n-acetylglucosamine. similar changes were noted when leucine incorporation was measured. when h2o2, at a concentration of 2.0 mm, was substituted for pmnls, an equivalent inhibition of arthroconidia was produced and, as with pmnl effects, was los ... | 1986 | 3944479 |
| experience with needle biopsy for coccidioidal lung nodules. | three hundred forty-eight patients with solitary pulmonary nodules underwent needle biopsy of the lung in an endemic area for coccidioidomycosis. the purposes of the study were to establish the value of smears and cultures from needle biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of solitary coccidioidal granuloma and to determine how the final diagnosis was established for patients without a clear-cut diagnosis after initial biopsy. spherules of coccidioides immitis were initially identified in 49 of the 9 ... | 1986 | 3947192 |
| systemic coccidioides immitis infection in nude and beige mice. | the course of experimental systemic coccidioides immitis infection was assessed quantitatively and histologically in beige mice, congenitally athymic nude mice, and their respective normal counterparts. after intravenous inoculation with 50 arthroconidia, the number of viable c. immitis cultured from the spleens, livers, and lungs progressively increased throughout the assay in the organs of all mice. during the first 2 weeks of infection, significantly greater numbers of cfu were recovered from ... | 1985 | 3972455 |
| immunoreactivity of a surface wall fraction produced by spherules of coccidioides immitis. | the membranous spherule outer wall (sow) isolated from liquid cultures of coccidioides immitis has been shown to elicit reactivity with human anti-coccidioides antibody by immunofluorescence and the immunodiffusion-tube precipitin assay. the serologically reactive components were extracted from sow with the nonionic detergent n-octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (og). the og-soluble fraction of sow was shown to be reactive with immunoglobulin g in 25 serum samples from coccidioidomycosis patients by a ... | 1988 | 3047063 |
| unexpected laboratory diagnosis of latent urogenital coccidioidomycosis in a nonendemic area. | dissemination of coccidioidomycosis beyond the respiratory tract is not uncommon, but involvement of the urogenital tract is rarely observed. most, if not all, reported cases of urogenital infections caused by coccidioides immitis have been diagnosed in areas considered endemic for the fungus, where suspicion of this illness and its extrapulmonary manifestations is high. in nonendemic regions, however, c immitis is not likely to be considered as a possible cause of genitourinary tract infections ... | 1986 | 3080976 |
| in vitro effect of phagocyte cationic peptides on coccidioides immitis. | several cationic peptides that were isolated from rabbit granulocytes exerted fungicidal activity against arthroconidia of coccidioides immitis in vitro. the fungicidal effect of the cationic peptides required at least 4-8 hr of contact between peptide and fungal cells and appeared to be dependent upon active fungal metabolism. the fungicidal activity was inhibited by increases in the tonicity of the growth medium but was not inhibited by changes in ph. these findings provide a potential mechani ... | 1985 | 3989323 |
| isolation of coccidioides immitis f antigen by immunoaffinity chromatography with monospecific antiserum. | detection of antibody to coccidioides immitis f antigen is of proved value in the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. this antibody is demonstrable by use of an immunodiffusion assay with reference coccidioidin antigen and antiserum to c. immitis. using a combination of lectin affinity and immunoaffinity chromatography, we isolated the f antigen from coccidioidin and prepared monospecific antibody to the purified antigen. the availability of these reagents will enable the development of a sensitive ... | 1987 | 3098685 |
| genetic control of resistance to coccidioides immitis: a single gene that is expressed in spleen cells determines resistance. | we have previously reported that inbred mice vary widely in their resistance to coccidioides immitis peritonitis. to investigate the number of genes controlling resistance, (susceptible x resistant)f1 x susceptible backcross mice were tested for resistance to infection. a 1:1 ratio of resistant:susceptible offspring was observed, which is consistent with a single dominant gene determining resistance. to find out whether this gene, which we designated cms, is expressed in the immune and/or the in ... | 1985 | 3998472 |
| an immunoreactive, water-soluble conidial wall fraction of coccidioides immitis. | arthroconidia stripped of their outer, hydrophobic wall layer release an immunoreactive, water-soluble fraction (scwf), the composition of which is examined in this paper. the immunogenicity of scwf was determined by its reactivity with anti-coccidioides immitis complement-fixing antibody and tube precipitin antibody in a standardized immunodiffusion assay as well as reactivity in a lymphocyte proliferation assay. scwf was shown to be more immunoreactive for immune lymphocytes than selected cyto ... | 1987 | 3102379 |
| studies of the effects of spherulin from coccidioides immitis on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the effects of spherule lysate (spherulin) on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) function was examined. pmn adherence to glass and capping was increased by spherulin, findings which may account for spherulin's interference with complement-mediated migration through cellulose ester filters. in contrast, pmn attachment to yeast, killing of bacteria, and effects on spherules were virtually unaffected by spherulin, suggesting that it does not directly inhibit pmn antimicrobial function. | 1985 | 4010764 |
| fungicidal activation of murine macrophages by recombinant gamma interferon. | alveolar macrophages from balb/c mice readily phagocytized endospores (2 to 5 micron) and arthroconidia of coccidioides immitis in vitro. within 24 to 30 h at 37 degrees c, the phagocytized endospores started developing into spherules, and the arthroconidia formed germ tubes and hyphae. however, these processes did not occur if the macrophages were incubated with murine recombinant gamma interferon (rifn-gamma) during infection with c. immitis. treatment with rifn-gamma activated the fungicidal ... | 1987 | 3119493 |
| possible role of a proteinase in endosporulation of coccidioides immitis. | we previously reported isolation of a serine proteinase from the soluble conidial wall fraction of coccidioides immitis. the purified proteinase was identified as a polypeptide band of 36,000 mr by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. in this study, we raised monospecific antiserum in rabbits against the purified proteinase for use in immunoelectron microscopy. we showed that immunolabel was localized in the cell wall of both the saprobic and parasitic phases but was most c ... | 1988 | 3163676 |
| estimates of c. immitis infection by skin test reactivity in an endemic community. | this report is a comparison of two delayed hypersensitivity skin test reagents, coccidioidin and spherulin, available for detection of prior infection by coccidioides immitis. coccidioidin proved to be a somewhat more sensitive reagent (33.4 per cent positive, vs 29.6 per cent for spherulin). this difference persisted in the subjects when grouped by age, sex, exposure history, or history of coccidioidomycosis. skin test reactivity to both reagents declined with age. independent of exposure histo ... | 1985 | 4025646 |
| coccidioidomycosis (coccidioides immitis) in the collared peccary (tayassu tajacu: tayassuidae) in texas. | | 1985 | 4032630 |
| activity of bay n 7133 and bay 1 9139 in vitro and in experimental murine coccidioidomycosis. | the activity of two new antifungal azoles, bay n 7133 and bay 1 9139, against coccidioides immitis was compared with that of ketoconazole in vitro and in experimental murine coccidioidomycosis. daily intravenous injections were given for 30 days. all mice were autopsied and suspensions of lung, liver and spleen cultured. bay n 7133 was as active as ketoconazole while bay 1 9139 was les active. all three drugs were coccidioidostatic only both in vitro and in vivo. | 1985 | 4043057 |
| isolation and characterization of an extracellular proteinase of coccidioides immitis. | a proteinase isolated from the respiratory pathogen, coccidioides immitis, was shown to have collagenolytic and elastinolytic activity, as well as the ability to cleave human serum immunoglobulin g and secretory immunoglobulin a. proteolytic activity was demonstrated with a bovine casein digestion assay in conidial culture exudates, mycelial and spherule culture filtrates, conidial and spherule wall material, and sephacryl s-300 fractions of the isolated soluble conidial wall material described ... | 1987 | 3305358 |
| guanine plus cytosine content of the dna of coccidioides immitis. | the mole per cent guanine plus cytosine was determined for dna extracted from coccidioides immitis to add information pertinent to the taxonomy of this zoopathogenic fungus. four strains of c. immitis, three in the mycelial phase, one in the spherule/endospore phase yielded guanine plus cytosine in the narrow range of 49.41 to 49.61 mole percent. these values are lower than those for ascomycetes that mimic the arthroconidial form of c. immitis, higher than those for ascomycetous yeasts, but clos ... | 1985 | 4095651 |
| [morphology of tissue forms of pathogenic organisms in vesceral mycoses. studies on the histochemistry of polysaccharides and proteins. 4. coccidioides immitis]. | | 1973 | 4134971 |
| experimental induction of anergy to coccidioidin by antigens of coccidioides immitis. | failure to react to coccidioidin (anergy) often occurs in patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. one possible reason may be desensitization by excessive amounts of antigen. this was studied experimentally by injection of soluble and hyphal antigens of coccidioides immitis into coccidioidin- and tuberculin-sensitive guinea pigs. guinea pigs sensitized by injection of killed hyphal cells of c. immitis in complete freund adjuvant were subsequently injected daily either with soluble coccidio ... | 1973 | 4202961 |
| granulomatous peritonitis due to coccidioides immitis. | | 1974 | 4273212 |
| metabolism of mannitol by coccidioides immitis. | lones, george w. (national institute of allergy and infectious diseases, u.s. public health service, bethesda, md.), and carl peacock. metabolism of mannitol by coccidioides immitis. j. bacteriol. 87:1114-1117. 1964.-strain m-11 of coccidioides immitis was found to utilize mannitol for growth in the mycelial form but not in the spherule form. cell-free extracts of both forms, grown on glucose, were capable of reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with mannitol-1-po(4) but not with mannitol. ... | 1964 | 4289442 |
| ultrastructural characteristics of coccidioides immitis, a morphological variant of cryptococcus neoformans and podosypha ravenelii. | electron microscopic examination of coccidioides immitis revealed dense septum-associated bodies, characteristic of ascomycetes. similar examinations of a filamentous variant of cryptococcus neoformans failed to clarify the taxonomic position of this yeast but did not exclude the possibility that this organism is a heterobasidiomycete. septal pores were not seen in either organism. | 1971 | 4322349 |
| optimal combination and concentration of antibiotics in media for isolation of pathogenic fungi and nocardia asteroides. | strains of blastomyces dermatitidis, sporothrix schenckii, histoplasma capsulatum, cryptococcus neoformans, nocardia asteroides, and coccidioides immitis were tested for in vitro susceptibility to polymyxin, gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and neomycin at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mug/ml. polymyxin was the most inhibitory and gentamicin was the least inhibitory of the five antibiotics. two histoplasma mycelial strains were partially inhibited by 2 and 8 mug of gentamicin per m ... | 1971 | 4323185 |
| optimal combination and concentration of antibiotics in media for isolation of pathogenic fungi and nocardia asteroides. | | 1971 | 4323647 |
| studies on coccidioides immitis. xvii: morphology of the parasite in relationship with the host immunoallergic condition in the experimental infection of the guinea-pig. | | 1974 | 4365831 |
| the ultrastructure of coccidioides immitis. study of a human infection. | | 1974 | 4416562 |
| inhibition by lysozyme of growth of the spherule phase of coccidioides immitis in vitro. | development of mature endosporulating spherules from an endospore inoculum was markedly inhibited by human or hen egg-white (hew) lysozyme at 5 mug/ml. mature spherules formed in medium containing 5 mug per lysozyme per ml (3.3 x 10(-7) m) were approximately 50% smaller than control spherules. in addition, lysozyme induced a large portion of the endospore inoculum to revert to the mycelial growth phase. increasing lysozyme concentrations to 10 or 20 mug/ml prompted a nearly complete reversion of ... | 1974 | 4426701 |
| soluble antigens of mycelia and spherules in the in vitro detection of immunity to coccidioides immitis. | the effect of a coccidioides immitis spherule-derived antigen (spherulin) upon in vitro thymidine uptake by sensitized and nonsensitized lymphocytes was studied, and optimal conditions for the assay were determined. the mitogenic portion of the antigen was shown to be nondialyzable, as was true for a mycelial-derived antigen (coccidioidin). concentrations of 20 mug of nondialyzable spherulin solids and 17 mug of nondialyzable coccidioidin solids per ml of culture were shown to be suitable for di ... | 1974 | 4426703 |
| in vitro inhibition of coccidioides immitis strains with amphotericin b plus rifampin. | rifampin was shown in vitro to decrease the amphotericin b minimal inhibitory concentrations of all of 10 strains of coccidioides immitis tested. these decreases ranged from two- to fourfold and occurred with rifampin concentrations of 10 to 40 mug/ml. rifampin alone was without effect. | 1974 | 4451350 |
| [hemolytic properties of coccidioides immitis lipids]. | | 1974 | 4476149 |
| effect of an interferon stimulator, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid, on experimental fungus infections. | in the present study, the administration of an interferon stimulator, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (in:cn), increased the severity of both experimental candida albicans and coccidioides immitis infections in mice, as evidenced by earlier time of death and higher final mortality. in addition, kidney tissue levels of c. albicans at 3 and 5 days after infection were found to be about 40- to 300-fold higher in in:cn treated mice than in control mice. experimental cryptococcus neoformans infectio ... | 1972 | 4564399 |
| lysozyme-enhanced killing of candida albicans and coccidioides immitis by amphoteracin b. | | 1974 | 4610825 |
| spherules in the serology of coccidioides immitis. ii. complement fixation tests with human sera. | | 1973 | 4631150 |
| coccidioides immitis encephalitis in two dogs. | | 1972 | 4652361 |
| dermal sensitivity to coccidioides immitis. a comparison of responses elicited in man by spherulin and coccidioidin. | | 1973 | 4690486 |
| coccidioides immitis: a hospital hazard. | | 1973 | 4718369 |
| coccidioidomycosis in northern california. an outbreak among archeology students near red bluff. | an outbreak of coccidioidomycosis occurred among 39 archeology students in the summer of 1972. the students excavated indian ruins near red bluff in tehama county, california, 20 miles north of the previously recognized northernmost limit of endemicity. at least 17 persons contracted an illness clinically compatible with a diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. coccidioidomycosis was documented by skin test conversion as well as by specific serologic reactions. coccidioides immitis was also isolated f ... | 1973 | 4733266 |
| the distribution of coccidioides immitis in the soil in el paso, texas. | | 1973 | 4749613 |
| the lipids of an auxutrophic avirulent mutant of coccidioides immitis. | | 1973 | 4749614 |
| [morphology of the tissue forms of the causative agents of visceral mycoses. studies of polysaccharide and protein histochemistry. (4. coccidioides immitis)]. | | 1973 | 4756999 |
| effects of lysozyme and chitinase on the spherules of coccidioides immitis in vitro. | spherules of coccidioides immitis strain silveira produced in vitro were treated with chitinase and lysozyme. the walls of merthiolate-killed mature endosporulating spherules were degraded by chitinase (500 mug/ml) and by lysozyme (100 and 500 mug/ml). thus, as was visible through the light microscope, the spherule wall was reduced in thickness from 1 to 2 mum to less than 0.5 mum. the degradation was evident also by release of n-acetylglucosamine, three times as much n-acetylglucosamine being r ... | 1973 | 4764405 |
| properties and assay of spherulins from coccidioides immitis in delayed sensitivity responses of animals. | | 1973 | 4765980 |
| azole antifungal drugs in treatment of coccidioidomycosis. | for two decades amphotericin b has been the only antifungal drug with proven efficacy against coccidioides immitis. the introduction of miconazole in the late 1970s ushered in a new era of antifungal therapy. miconazole induced remissions in patients with disease refractory to amphotericin b and in patients who had relapsed after amphotericin b treatment. almost as important, miconazole did not have the nephrotoxicity associated with amphotericin b. however, the necessity of intravenous administ ... | 1986 | 3317599 |
| comparison of skin reactivity of spherule and mycelial coccidioidins produced by different strains of coccidioides immitis. | | 1974 | 4818592 |
| soil ecology of coccidioides immitis at amerindian middens in california. | outbreaks of coccidioidomycosis and isolation of coccidioides immitis have been reported from amerindian middens. this study was undertaken to determine the most important ecological component(s) for the occurrence of c. immitis at archeological sites. soils from 10 former indian villages with no prior history of coccidioidal infection were collected and cultured. the physicochemical properties of the midden soils were compared with nonmidden soils and positive soils. the following theories for ... | 1974 | 4856715 |
| [histologic structure of asteroid forms in coccidioides immitis]. | | 1970 | 4908615 |
| fluorescent antibody techniques for identification of coccidioides immitis and histoplasma capsulatum. (ecological and epidemiological aspects). | | 1970 | 4938833 |
| deficient resistance to coccidioides immitis following intravenous vaccination. ii. evidence against an immune tolerance mechanism. | | 1971 | 4939207 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of clotrimazole (bay b 5097). | the in vitro antifungal activity of clotrimazole (bay b 5097) was compared with those of amphotericin b, griseofulvin, nystatin, and pyrrolnitrin. the inhibitory activity of clotrimazole against most systemic pathogens was comparable to that of amphotericin b; minimal inhibitory concentrations of the two drugs for blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, sporothrix schenckii, cryptococcus neoformans, and coccidioides immitis were in the range of 0.20 to 3.13 and 0.10 to 6.25 mug/ml, res ... | 1971 | 4949484 |
| serological comparison of the three morphological phases of coccidioides immitis by the agar gel diffusion method. | hyperimmune sera against spherules and against arthrospores of coccidioides immitis were prepared by inoculation of rabbits. the antibody content of these sera was studied by the agar gel diffusion method. it was observed that antispherule pooled sera formed multiple precipitin bands with extracts of spherules and of arthrospores. the antiarthrospore pooled serum, however, failed to precipitate with the spherule extract, and formed a single band in the presence of an arthrospore solution. when t ... | 1967 | 4960151 |
| serological response of rhesus monkeys to histoplasma, blastomyces, and coccidioides antigens. | fifteen adult rhesus monkeys were inoculated with nonviable histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, or coccidioides immitis. antibody assays were made periodically during a 2-year period by use of a complement-fixation (cf) test employing four antigens and a latex-agglutination test. selected sera were also studied in an immunodiffusion test and a coccidioidin-precipitin test. the serological patterns obtained with the anti-histoplasma, anti-blastomyces, and anti-coccidioides monkey se ... | 1967 | 4961413 |
| cytolytic plasma factor in experimental coccidioidomycosis. | peripheral blood leukocytes from guinea pigs infected with coccidioides immitis 5 weeks previously were lysed significantly when incubated at 37 c for 3.5 hr with a concentrated c. immitis culture filtrate, but not with a concentrated aspergillus fumigatus or blastomyces dermatitidis culture filtrate. mononuclear leukocytes and presumably granulocytes were both lysed. characterization of the factor responsible for this leukocytolysis reaction revealed that it was contained in plasma and serum bu ... | 1967 | 4963788 |
| agar-gel precipitin-inhibition test for coccidioidomycosis. ii. serological test antigen studies in agar-gel. | in this study of saprophytic and parasitic growth-phase extracts of coccidioides immitis, an antigen from the spherule culture supernatant fluid detected a specific antibody in heretofore serologically negative suspect coccidioidomycosis human sera when diffused in agar-gel. this antigen-antibody reaction occurred also in some of the serologically positive human coccidioidomycosis sera. this study indicates that this antigen-antibody reaction should be utilized as a possible routine serological ... | 1967 | 4964065 |
| agar-gel precipitin-inhibition test for coccidioidomycosis. i. preliminary evaluation of the complement-fixation and agar-gel precipitin tests in the serodiagnosis of human coccidioidomycosis. | the agar-gel precipitin-inhibition serological test for coccidioidomycosis was a more sensitive indicator of coccidioides immitis antibodies than the tube precipitin, the agar-gel immunodiffusion, in the complement-fixation tests in assaying monkey sera, whether these sera were from prechallenge-vaccinated or postchallenged animals. when applying this technique to the assay of human sera, an analogous finding generally persisted. however, some human sera were positive by the complement-fixation ... | 1967 | 4965616 |
| preparation and standardization of antigens of histoplasma capsulatum and coccidioides immitis. | | 1970 | 4999876 |
| some evidence for the development of a phagocytic response by polymorphonuclear leukocytes recovered from the venous blood of dogs inoculated with coccidioides immitis or vaccinated with an irradiated spherule vaccine. | | 1972 | 5020634 |
| granulomatous anterior uveitis caused by coccidioides immitis. | | 1972 | 5064424 |
| subcutaneous abscess due to coccidioides immitis. | | 1972 | 5085486 |
| deficient resistance to coccidioides immitis following intravenous vaccination. i. distribution of spherules after intravenous and intramuscular doses. | | 1971 | 5111562 |
| deficient resistance to coccidioides immitis following intravenous vaccination. 3. humoral and cellular responses to intravenous and intramuscular doses. | | 1971 | 5111563 |
| fractionation and composition studies of skin test-active components of sensitins from coccidioides immitis. | coccidioidin skin-test activities from mycelial culture filtrates and autolysates were partially purified. major chemical constituents included 3-o-methylmannose, mannose, and amino acids. | 1971 | 5119201 |
| immunization of mice with induced mutants of coccidioides immitis. i. characterization of mutants and preliminary studies of their use as viable vaccines. | | 1971 | 5135085 |
| factors affecting the reversion of coccidioides immitis spherules to mycelium. | | 1971 | 5135090 |
| characterization of 3-o-methylmannose from coccidioides immitis. | 3-o-methylmannose isolated from coccidioides immitis was characterized by gas chromatographic comparison of derivatives with those of synthetic 3-o-methylmannose. gas chromatographic behavior of three derivatives of the natural and synthetic sugars was identical. | 1971 | 5154900 |
| the detection of coccidioides immitis in pulmonary cytology. | | 1968 | 5243454 |
| fluorescent antibody inhibition test for coccidioides immitis antibodies. | | 1966 | 5336718 |
| sugars and amino acids as carbon, nitrogen, or energy sources for coccidioides immittis spherules and endospores. | of various carbohydrates and amino acids tested, glucose, mannose, fructose, and glutamate were the most efficient substrates metabolized by the endospores and spherules of coccidioides immitis. | 1969 | 5373684 |
| annulment of amphotericin b inhibition of coccidioides immitis endospores. effects on growth, respiration and morphogenesis. | | 1969 | 5385152 |
| attributes of deficient immunity in mice receiving coccidioides immitis spherule vaccine by the intravenous route. | | 1969 | 5385153 |
| unusual reducing sugar from coccidioides immitis. | documentation is offered for the identification of 3-o-methyl-mannose as one of several neutral sugars found in defatted arthrospore and mycelial cell walls of coccidioides immitis. | 1970 | 5432015 |
| safe isolation of coccidioides immitis from clinical specimens. | | 1970 | 5478923 |
| [combination of the use of amphotericin b and some antigens of coccidioides immitis in experimental coccidioidosis]. | | 1970 | 5479697 |