| immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects of some traditional chinese medicinal herbs: a review. | the current practice of ingesting phytochemicals to support the immune system or to fight infections is based on centuries-old tradition. we review reports on seven chinese herbs, (aloe vera mill. (aloaceae), angelica species (umbelliferae), astragalus membranaceus bunge. (leguminosae), ganoderma lucidum (fr.) karst. (ganodermataceae), panax ginseng c.a mey. (araliaceae), scutellaria species (lamiaceae) and zingiber officinale rosc. (zingiberaceae) with emphasis to their immunomodulatory and ant ... | 2004 | 15180575 |
| effect of medicinal plant extracts on forced swimming capacity in mice. | the tonic effect of cordyceps militaris (cm), paecilomyces japonia (pj), phellinus linteus (pl), ganoderma lucidum (gl), grifola frondosa (gf), and panax ginseng (pg) was examined based on the forced swimming capacity and the change of biochemical parameters in icr mice. the treatment groups were orally administered medicinal plant extracts (500 mg/kg per day), while the control group received distilled water for 4 weeks. the swimming times to exhaustion were longer in the cm, pj, and gf groups ... | 2004 | 15182908 |
| quantitative determination of bitter principles in specimens of ganoderma lucidum using high-performance liquid chromatography and its application to the evaluation of ganoderma products. | for quantitative determination of 19 triterpene constituents, including six ganoderma alcohols (1-6) and 13 ganoderma acids (7-19), in the products of ganoderma lucidum, an analytical system was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography with an ods column. the mobile phase was a linear gradient of 1% acoh/h(2)o-ch(3)cn and 2% acoh/h(2)o-ch(3)cn, and the elution profile was monitored at 243 and 250 nm for ganoderma alcohols and acids, respectively. the relative standard deviations of ... | 2004 | 15187388 |
| medicinal mushroom extracts inhibit ras-induced cell transformation and the inhibitory effect requires the presence of normal cells. | previously, we developed a simple rat 6 (r6) cell system by which the inhibitory effects of non-cytotoxic chemicals can be assessed by focus formation assay upon transfection of ras oncogene to the host cells. using this system, two well studied medicinal mushrooms ganoderma lucidum and tricholoma lobayense with anticancer potential were examined for their possible advert effects on cell transformation induced by ras oncogene. results indicated that both species of mushrooms yielded strong inhib ... | 2004 | 15205366 |
| extract of reishi polysaccharides induces cytokine expression via tlr4-modulated protein kinase signaling pathways. | we have demonstrated that an extract of ganoderma lucidum (reishi or ling-zhi) polysaccharides (eorp) exerts immunomodulating activities by stimulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines from mouse spleen cells. interestingly, via responding to lps in genetic variation of murine macrophage henc2 and gg2ee cell lines, and using tlr4 ab blockage in human blood-derived monocytic macrophages, we have found that the tlr4, but not complement receptor type 3, is a putative receptor of eorp, media ... | 2004 | 15528333 |
| [progress in research on ganoderma lucidium spore]. | | 2004 | 15539032 |
| ganoderma lucidum spore extract inhibits endothelial and breast cancer cells in vitro. | this study was conducted to investigate the anti-proliferative activities of medicinal mushroom ganoderma lucidum (rei-shi or mannentake). we have identified an alcohol extract from the spore of ganoderma lucidum that inhibits the in vitro proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and mda-mb231 human breast cancer cells. further fractionation of the alcohol extract revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction inhibited both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner from 2 to 40 micro g/ml. ... | 2004 | 15289852 |
| [a preliminary report on solid-state fermentation of ganoderma lucidum with radix astragali containing medium]. | to test the practicability of the solid-state fermentation for medicinal fungi by fermenting ganoderma lucidum with radix astragali containing medium. | 2004 | 15339450 |
| immune receptors for polysaccharides from ganoderma lucidum. | this study was designed to identify and characterize the immune receptors for polysaccharides from ganoderma lucidum, a chinese medicinal fungus that exhibits anti-tumor activities via enhancing host immunity. we herein demonstrate that g. lucidum polysaccharides (glps) activated balb/c mouse b cells and macrophages, but not t cells, in vitro. however, glps was unable to activate splenic b cells from c3h/hej mice that have a mutated tlr4 molecule (incapable of signal transduction) in proliferati ... | 2004 | 15351712 |
| hybrid organic-inorganic monolithic stationary phase for acidic compounds separation by capillary electrochromatography. | a novel type of organic-inorganic hybrid porous silica-based monolithic stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography (cec) has been developed by sol-gel chemistry combined with supramolecular template-based approach in a simple and rapid manner. both chromatographic interaction and electrophoretic migration contribute to the separation of acidic compounds by the monolithic column. eight organic acids were separated rapidly with column efficiency up to 267,000 theoretical plates/m. the in ... | 2004 | 15387196 |
| isolation and characterization of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from the fungus ganoderma lucidum. | an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, skg-3, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of ganoderma lucidum and its physico-chemical properties were characterized. it was a highly specific and effective reversible inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase. it showed very potent inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase with an ic50 value of 4.6 micro g/ml, but no activity for any other glycosidases tested. enzyme activity could be recovered upon dialysis, thus providing evidence for the reversibility of the inhi ... | 2004 | 15459652 |
| hepatotoxicity due to a formulation of ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi). | | 2004 | 15464254 |
| cellular and physiological effects of ganoderma lucidum (reishi). | in asia, a variety of dietary products have been used for centuries as popular remedies to prevent or treat different diseases. a large number of herbs and extracts from medicinal mushrooms are used for the treatment of diseases. mushrooms such as ganoderma lucidum (reishi), lentinus edodes (shiitake), grifola frondosa (maitake), hericium erinaceum (yamabushitake), and inonotus obliquus (chaga) have been collected and consumed in china, korea, and japan for centuries. until recently, these mushr ... | 2004 | 15544548 |
| antitumor activity and underlying mechanisms of ganopoly, the refined polysaccharides extracted from ganoderma lucidum, in mice. | ganopoly is an aqueous polysaccharide fraction extracted from g. lucidum by patented biochemical technique and has been marketed as an over-the-counter product for chronic diseases including cancer and hepatopathy in many asian countries. this study was undertaken to explore the anti-tumour effect and the underlying mechanisms of ganopoly in mice and human tumor cell lines. the maximum tolerated dose (mtd) of ganopoly in mice was estimated to be 100 mg/kg from a pilot study. treatment of mice wi ... | 2005 | 15921158 |
| ganoderma lucidum suppresses endothelial cell cytotoxicity and proteinuria in persistent proteinuric focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (fsgs) nephrosis. | a persistent proteinuria is commonly observed in nephrotic patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (fsgs) under treatment with prednisolone+/-cyclophosphamide or with vasodilators (acei+aii receptor antagonist, calcium channel blocker and antiplatelet agent). fourteen such patients with persistent proteinuria were subject to be treated with ganoderma lucidum. initial study revealed an enhanced endothelial cell cytotoxicity induced by patient's serum, and an altered immunocirculatory bala ... | 2004 | 15567896 |
| antitumor and anti-angiogenic activity of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide. | to investigate the antitumor and anti-angiogenic activity of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide (glpp). | 2004 | 15169641 |
| links between morphology and physiology of ganoderma lucidum in submerged culture for the production of exopolysaccharide. | ganoderma lucidum was grown in submerged culture in shake flasks on a medium containing peptone, yeast extract and glucose. in pre-cultures, inoculated from an agar-grown culture, morphological and metabolic events were linked: the pellets originally produced protuberances when glucose was present in the medium, although glucose was not consumed. the protuberances were then liberated into the medium as second-generation pellets, at which time glucose consumption began and the rate of exopolysacc ... | 2004 | 15464609 |
| [chemistry of polysaccharide lzps-1 from ganoderma lucidum spore and anti-tumor activity of its total polysaccharides]. | to study the structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharide from ganoderma lucidum spore treated with microwave. | 2005 | 16011264 |
| studies on the immuno-modulating and anti-tumor activities of ganoderma lucidum (reishi) polysaccharides. | we describe here the isolation of reishi polysaccharides for the study of their effect on cytokine expression in mouse splenocytes. a fraction (f3) has been shown to activate the expression of il-1, il-6, il-12, ifn-gamma, tnf-alpha, gm-csf, g-csf, and m-csf, and from this three subfractions have been prepared where f3g1 activates il-1, il-12, tnf-alpha, and g-csf, f3g2 activates all the cytokines as f3 does, and f3g3 activates only il-1 and tnf-alpha. together with previous studies, the mode of ... | 2004 | 15465337 |
| polysaccharides of ganoderma lucidum alter cell immunophenotypic expression and enhance cd56+ nk-cell cytotoxicity in cord blood. | in our previous study, a fucose-containing glycoprotein fraction (f3), isolated from the water-soluble extracts of ganoderma lucidum, was shown to stimulate mice spleen cell proliferation and cytokine expression. we now further investigate the effect of f3 on the immunophenotypic expression in mononuclear cells (mncs). when human umbilical cord blood (hucb) mncs were treated with f3 (10-100 microg/ml) for 7days, the population of cd14+cd26+ monocyte/macrophage, cd83+cd1a+ dendritic cells, and cd ... | 2004 | 15465338 |
| effects of ganoderma lucidum on apoptotic and anti-inflammatory function in ht-29 human colonic carcinoma cells. | ling zhi extract (lze) is a herbal mushroom preparation which been used world wide for the prevention and treatment of various cancers. the current study was designed to evaluate these claims in human colon cancer cells in terms of cancer preventive mechanisms. results have demonstrated induction of apoptosis, anti-inflammatory action and differential cytokine expression during induced inflammation in the human colonic carcinoma cell line, ht-29. lze caused no cytotoxicity in ht-29 cells at dose ... | 2004 | 15478180 |
| novel antioxidant peptides from fermented mushroom ganoderma lucidum. | oxidative stress has been linked with the pathogenesis of many human diseases including cancer, aging, and atherosclerosis. the present study investigates the antioxidant activities of peptides isolated from the medicinal mushroom, ganoderma lucidum. g. lucidum has been shown to possess potent antioxidant activity with little or no side effects. polysaccharide, polysaccharide-peptide complex, and phenolic components of g. lucidum have been proposed to be responsible for this antioxidant effect. ... | 2004 | 15479035 |
| ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide fractions accelerate healing of acetic acid-induced ulcers in rats. | the polysaccharide (ps) fractions from several medicinal herbs have been reported to have anti-ulcer effects against experimental ulcers in the rat. the water-soluble ps fractions from ganoderma lucidum (reishi mushroom) have been shown to inhibit indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. this study aimed to investigate the effect of the ps fraction from g. lucidum on the healing of gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid in the rat and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. ... | 2004 | 15671683 |
| ganoderma lucidum extracts inhibit growth and induce actin polymerization in bladder cancer cells in vitro. | this study was conducted to investigate chemopreventive effects of ganoderma lucidum using a unique in vitro human urothelial cell (huc) model consisted of huc-pc cells and mtc-11 cells. ethanol and water extracts of fruiting bodies and spores of the g. lucidum were used to examine growth inhibition, actin polymerization status, and impact of actin remodeling on cell migration and adhesion. results showed that ethanol extracts had a stronger growth inhibition effect than water extracts. cell cyc ... | 2004 | 15500944 |
| possible mode of action of antiherpetic activities of a proteoglycan isolated from the mycelia of ganoderma lucidum in vitro. | a bioactive fraction (glpg) was extracted and purified from the mycelia of ganoderma lucidum by etoh precipitation and deae-cellulose column chromatography. glpg was a proteoglycan and had a carbohydrate:protein ratio of 10.4:1. its antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) were investigated by the cytopathic effect (cpe) inhibition assay in cell culture. this kind of polysaccharide inhibited the development of the cytopathic effect in dose-dependent man ... | 2004 | 15507347 |
| [activation of mouse macrophages by the alkali-extracted polysaccharide from spore of ganoderma lucidum]. | to investigate the activation of mouse macrophages by the alkali-extracted polysaccharides from the spore of ganoderma lucidum (lzsbs). | 2004 | 15191711 |
| solid-state fermentation of cornmeal with the basidiomycete ganoderma lucidum for degrading starch and upgrading nutritional value. | the objective of this research was to study the ability of the basidiomycete ganoderma lucidum to degrade starch and upgrade nutritional value of cornmeal during solid-state fermentation (ssf). | 2005 | 16162243 |
| ganoderma lucidum mycelia enhance innate immunity by activating nf-kappab. | ganoderma lucidum is a popular medicinal mushroom in china and japan for its immunomodulatory and antitumor effects. the goal of this research is to investigate the effect of dried mycelia of ganoderma lucidum produced by submerged cultivation on the enhancement of innate immune response. we found that ganoderma lucidum mycelia (0.2-1.6 mg/ml) stimulated tnf-alpha and il-6 production after 8h treatment in human whole blood. ifn-gamma release from human whole blood was also enhanced after 3 day-c ... | 2006 | 16169168 |
| anti-tumor and immunoregulatory activities of ganoderma lucidum and its possible mechanisms. | ganoderma lucidum (g lucidum) is a medicinal fungus with a variety of biological activities. it has long been used as a folk remedy for promotion of health and longevity in china and other oriental countries. the most attractive character of this kind of medicinal fungus is its immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities. large numbers of studies have shown that g lucidum modulate many components of the immune system such as the antigen-presenting cells, nk cells, t and b lymphocytes. the water e ... | 2004 | 15525457 |
| possible mechanism underlying the antiherpetic activity of a proteoglycan isolated from the mycelia of ganoderma lucidum in vitro. | glpg (ganoderma lucidum proteoglycan) was a bioactive fraction obtained by the liquid fermentation of the mycelia of ganoderma lucidum, etoh precipitation, and deae-cellulose column chromatography.glpg was a proteoglycan with a carbohydrate: protein ratio of 10.4: 1. its antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) were investigated using a cytopathic inhibition assay. glpg inhibited cell death in a dose-dependent manner in hsv-infected cells. in addition, ... | 2005 | 15715944 |
| selective induction of apoptosis in murine skin carcinoma cells (ch72) by an ethanol extract of lentinula edodes. | the effects of ethanol extracts from four species of mushroom fruiting bodies, mushroom spores and mushroom cultured broth, were assessed for modulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in murine skin carcinoma cells (ch72) and non-tumorigenic epidermal cells (c50). while extracts from mycelia of grifola frondosa, ganoderma lucidum, hericium erinaceus, or from spores of g. lucidum exerted little, if any, effect on proliferation, the ethanol-soluble extract of lentinula edodes (l. edodes) sign ... | 2005 | 15737684 |
| antioxidant activity of ganoderma lucidum in acute ethanol-induced heart toxicity. | the hot water extract of the mushroom ganoderma lucidum was shown to have antioxidative effect against heart toxicity. investigations into the mechanisms of action, level of lipid peroxidation level in vivo, and superoxide scavenging activity were also conducted. the mice were divided into six groups with ten animals in each group. ganoderma lucidum, at doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg (p.o.) was administered. superoxide anions were assayed by uv spectrophotometer using the cytochrome c reduction me ... | 2004 | 15742340 |
| ganoderma lucidum suppresses angiogenesis through the inhibition of secretion of vegf and tgf-beta1 from prostate cancer cells. | ganoderma lucidum (g. lucidum) is a popular medicinal mushroom that has been used as a home remedy for the general promotion of health and longevity in east asia. the dried powder of g. lucidum, which was recommended as a cancer chemotherapy agent in traditional chinese medicine, is currently popularly used worldwide in the form of dietary supplements. we have previously demonstrated that g. lucidum induces apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation, and suppresses cell migration of highly invasive ... | 2005 | 15781230 |
| new anticancer agents: in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antitumor and antimetastatic actions of various compounds isolated from medicinal plants. | in this review, in the search for the development of new anticancer drugs, the effects of compounds isolated from various medicinal plants on tumor growth and metastasis, using mice bearing a highly metastatic drug-resistant mouse tumor, were studied. the antitumor and antimetastatic actions of stilbene derivatives isolated from polygonum and cassia species were examined. among the stilbene derivatives, resveratrol and cassiagrol a (stilbene dimer) displayed antitumor and antimetastatic actions ... | 2005 | 15796155 |
| effects of ganoderma lucidum extract on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in a rat model. | chemotherapy is highly cytotoxic, causing a number of severe adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting. herbal medicines, which can often be used on a daily basis for prolonged treatment, may be clinically beneficial. ganoderma lucidum or lingzhi mushroom has been recognized as a remedy in treating a number of medical conditions, including balancing immunity and decreasing drug-induced side effects. it has been shown that rats react to emetic stimuli, like the chemotherapy agent cisplatin, by ... | 2005 | 16265993 |
| a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of a ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract in neurasthenia. | ganoderma lucidum has been widely used to treat various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurasthenia in many asian countries. this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a polysaccharide extract of g. lucidum (ganopoly) in chinese patients with neurasthenia. one hundred thirty-two patients with neurasthenia according to the diagnosis criteria of the 10th international classification of diseases were included in this s ... | 2005 | 15857210 |
| [polysaccharides of ganoderma lucidum: factors affecting their production]. | the conditions of polysaccharide production by the fungus ganoderma lucidum were optimized. the maximal yield of endopolysaccharides and exopolysaccharides was observed at 25-30 degrees c, initial ph of culture medium 4.0-6.0, and at a c : n ratio of approximately 18 : 1 and 25 : 1, respectively. the greatest yield of mycelium was reached at a more intensive aeration, and the maximal yield of polysaccharides was observed at a less intensive aeration. the optimal ratio between fungus growth and p ... | 2005 | 15859463 |
| [effects of extracts of chinese medicines on ganoderma lucidum in submerged culture]. | effects of water and ethanol extracts of 10 chinese medicines, such as astragalus membranaceus, coix lachryma-jobi, etc., on biomass and exopolysaccharide of ganoderma lucidum were studied by submerged culture. the results showed: water extracts of all medicines can improve the culture of g. lucidum except of a. membranaceus, ethanol extracts of c. lachryma-jobi, dioscorea opposita, codonopsis pilosula, and achyranthes bidentata( < 187.5g medicine/l substrate) can also increase the biomass of g. ... | 2003 | 16276930 |
| polysaccharide purified from ganoderma lucidum induced activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by the nf-kappab and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. | ganoderma lucidum, a fungus native to china, has been widely used to promote health and longevity in the chinese. the polysaccharide component with a branched (1-->6)-beta-d-glucan moiety of g. lucidum (ps-g) has been reported to exert anti-tumor activity and activation of natural killer cells. in this study, we investigated the effects of ps-g on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dc). treatment of dc with ps-g resulted in the enhanced cell-surface expression of cd80, cd86, cd83, cd40, cd5 ... | 2005 | 15894585 |
| formulation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of combining dna repair and immune enhancing nutritional supplements. | combining nutritional supplements to achieve synergistic benefit is a common practice in the nutraceutical industry. however, establishing added health benefit from a combination of natural ingredients is often assumed, untested and without regard to the principle of metabolic competition between the active components. here, we report on the combination of a cat's claw water extract (c-med-100, carboxy alkyl esters = active ingredients) + medicinal mushroom extracts (cordyceps sinensis, grifola ... | 2005 | 15898702 |
| ganoderic acid sz, a new lanostanoid from the mushroom ganoderma lucidum. | a new lanostanoid, ganoderic acid sz (1), isolated from a lipophilic extract of the fruiting body of ganoderma lucidum, is a geometric z-isomer of the known ganoderic acid s (2). the structure of ganoderic sz (1) was deduced mainly by 1d and 2d nmr studies. during the course of this study, 12 known lanostanoids have also been isolated and characterized. | 2005 | 15938193 |
| [effect of the oil from ganoderma lucidum spores on pathological changes in the substantia nigra and behaviors of mptp-treated mice]. | to investigate the oil from the spores of ganoderma lucidum, a rare chinese herb, on the behaviors and pathological changes in the substantia nigra pars compacta (snpc) in mouse models of parkinson's disease (pd) induced by mptp. | 2005 | 15958304 |
| effect of 26-oxygenosterols from ganoderma lucidum and their activity as cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. | ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus belonging to the polyporaceae family which has long been known in japan as reishi and has been used extensively in traditional chinese medicine. we report the isolation and identification of the 26-oxygenosterols ganoderol a, ganoderol b, ganoderal a, and ganoderic acid y and their biological effects on cholesterol synthesis in a human hepatic cell line in vitro. we also investigated the site of inhibition in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. we found tha ... | 2005 | 16000773 |
| anti-androgenic activities of ganoderma lucidum. | the inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of 19 edible and medicinal mushrooms on 5alpha-reductase activity were examined. the extract of ganoderma lucidum fr. krast (ganodermataceae) showed the strongest 5alpha-reductase inhibitory activity. the treatment of the fruit body of ganoderma lucidum or the extract prepared from it significantly inhibited the testosterone-induced growth of the ventral prostate in castrated rats. these results showed that ganoderma lucidum might be a useful ingredien ... | 2005 | 16029938 |
| a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the platelet and global hemostatic effects of ganoderma lucidum (ling-zhi) in healthy volunteers. | ganoderma lucidum is a chinese herbal medicine popular with cancer patients. previous in vitro studies suggested that ganoderma lucidum might impair hemostasis. in this prospective, randomized double-blind study, healthy volunteers received orally ganoderma lucidum capsules 1.5 g (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) daily for 4 wk. we monitored subjects before drug administration and at 4 and 8 wk thereafter by routine coagulation screen, fibrinogen concentration, von willebrand ristocetin cofactor acti ... | 2005 | 16037156 |
| ganodermin, an antifungal protein from fruiting bodies of the medicinal mushroom ganoderma lucidum. | a 15-kda antifungal protein, designated ganodermin, was isolated from the medical mushroom ganoderma lucidum. the isolation procedure utilized chromatography on deae-cellulose, affi-gel blue gel, cm-sepharose and superdex 75. ganodermin was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and cm-sepharose. ganodermin inhibited the mycelial growth of botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum and physalospora piricola with an ic50 value of 15.2 microm, 12.4 microm and 18.1 microm, respect ... | 2006 | 16039755 |
| ganoderic acid produced from submerged culture of ganoderma lucidum induces cell cycle arrest and cytotoxicity in human hepatoma cell line bel7402. | ganoderic acid (ga), produced by submerged culture of ganoderma lucidum, at 500 microg/ml, caused nearly a 70% inhibition of the growth of human hepatoma cell line bel7402 but not of a normal human liver cell line l02. flow cytometry analyses showed that ga blocked the bel7402 cell cycle at the transition from g(1 )to s phase. | 2005 | 16086244 |
| effects of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on proliferation and cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer cells. | to study the effects (and the mechanisms thereof) of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (gl-ps) on the proliferation and the anti-tumor activity of cytokine-induced killer (cik) cells, and to make use of cik cells as a means to investigate the interactions between gl-ps and cytokines. | 2005 | 16115382 |
| ganoderma lucidum suppresses growth of breast cancer cells through the inhibition of akt/nf-kappab signaling. | ganoderma lucidum (reishi, lingzhi) is a popular asian mushroom that has been used for more than 2 millennia for the general promotion of health and was therefore called the "mushroom of immortality." ganoderma lucidum was also used in traditional chinese medicine to prevent or treat a variety of diseases, including cancer. we previously demonstrated that ganoderma lucidum suppresses the invasive behavior of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the transcription factor nf-kappab. however, the molec ... | 2004 | 15489214 |
| effects of water-soluble ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the immune functions of patients with advanced lung cancer. | preclinical studies have established that the polysaccharide fractions of ganoderma lucidum have potential antitumor activity. recent clinical studies have demonstrated that g. lucidum polysaccharides enhance host immune functions [e.g., enhanced natural killer (nk) cell activity] in patients with advanced solid tumors, although an objective response was not observed. this open-label study aimed to evaluate the effects of water-soluble g. lucidum polysaccharides (ganopoly, encore international c ... | 2005 | 16117607 |
| ganoderma lucidum in cancer research. | | 2006 | 16458355 |
| influence of ganoderma lucidum on blood biochemistry and immunocompetence in horses. | the characteristic ingredients of ganoderma lucidum, such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, nucleic acids and small proteins, have been found and proved to have many special pharmacological properties. mice and rats have been extensively used to investigate the effects of g. lucidum. experiments with horses as an animal model for investigating the effects of g. lucidum have never been reported. the purpose of this investigation was to understand the influence of g. lucidum feeding on blood bioc ... | 2004 | 15673198 |
| [purification and characteristic of proteinase inhibitor glpia2 from ganoderma lucidum by submerged fermentation]. | a proteinase inhibitor glpia2 was purified to homogeneity from ganoderma lucidum by submerged fermentation. the purification was carried out by ethanol fractional precipitation (30%-80%), gel-filtration on superdex 200 column (30 cm x 1.1 cm i.d.) and anion exchange on source 30q column (10 cm x 1.6 cm i.d.). the gel chromatographic conditions were as follows: 50 mmol/l sodium phosphate as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1 ml/min with the effluent collection of 1 ml/tube and detection at 280 nm ... | 2005 | 16124571 |
| protective effects of a water-soluble extract from cultured medium of ganoderma lucidum (rei-shi) mycelia and agaricus blazei murill against x-irradiation in b6c3f1 mice: increased small intestinal crypt survival and prolongation of average time to animal death. | radioprotective effects of a water-soluble extracts from cultured medium of ganoderma lucidum (rei-shi) mycelia (designed as mak) and agaricus blazei (agaricus) against the shortening of survival time or the injury of crypt by x-irradiation were investigated in male b6c3f1 mice. mak and agaricus at three different doses were mixed into basal diet into biscuits at 5, 2.5 and 1.25% and administered from 1 week before irradiation. mak (5% group) significantly prolonged animal survival as compared w ... | 2005 | 15702228 |
| effect of ganoderma lucidum on human dna is dose dependent and mediated by hydrogen peroxide. | ganoderma lucidum, an oriental fungus, is widely used for the promotion of health and longevity and is reported to have antioxidant and genoprotective properties. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of g. lucidum on human lymphocytic dna ex vivo using the comet assay, and to explore the mechanism of action and the effect of dose. results showed that g. lucidum has a genoprotective effect at low concentration (0.0001% w/v), but damaged dna at higher concentrations. the mechanism o ... | 2005 | 16156953 |
| screening of tropical wood-rotting mushrooms for copper biosorption. | fruiting bodies (mushrooms) of nine nonedible macrofungi were screened for copper(ii) uptake potential. the maximum uptake potentials (q(infmax)s) derived from equilibrium studies indicated that all nine species exhibited higher q(infmax)s at ph 4.0 than that of filtrasorb-400, a generally used adsorbent for metal removal. wide variation in q(infmax) was observed among the species and ranged from 0.048 to 0.383 mmol per g of sorbent. the uptake capacity of ganoderma lucidum, which exhibited the ... | 1995 | 16535136 |
| bistage control of ph for improving exopolysaccharide production from mycelia of ganoderma lucidum in an air-lift fermentor. | it was found that ph control definitely affects mycelial cell growth and exopolysaccharide (eps) production of the mycelial cultivation of ganoderma lucidum. compared to the case of uncontrolled ph cultivation, a culture system whose ph was kept constant at 3 and 6 exhibited improved mycelial cell growth and eps production, respectively. the bistage ph control technique, that is, shifting the ph from 3 to 6 at the initial phase of the exponential growth, is introduced to improve cell growth and ... | 1999 | 16232678 |
| effect of mycelial culture broth of ganoderma lucidum on the growth characteristics of human cell lines. | two types of purified samples, water-soluble (sample a; m. w, 1.2 x 10(6) dalton) and water-insoluble (sample c; m. w., 1.0 x 10(6) dalton) samples, were obtained through consecutive separation processes from the culture broth of ganoderma lucidia mycelium. it was found that both samples from the culture broth were very effective in inhibiting the growth of several human cancer cell lines, having a 93-85% growth inhibition on hep3b, ags and a549 with the least cytotoxicity on the normal human lu ... | 2001 | 16233144 |
| effect of ganoderma lucidum on the quality and functionality of korean traditional rice wine, yakju. | the goal of this study was to develop a high value korean traditional rice wine possessing the pharmaceutical functionality of ganoderma lucidum. the effects of the fruiting body of g. lucidum on the alcohol fermentation of korean traditional rice wine, yakju, were investigated. optimal fermentation conditions for the preparation of g. lucidum-yakju consisted of the koji added at 15% and a fermentation period of 15 d at 25 degrees c. the effects of the amount of g. lucidum added on the acceptabi ... | 2004 | 16233584 |
| [in vitro inhibitory efects on hbsag and hbeag secretion of 3 new components produced by ganoderma lucidum in the medium contained radix sophorae flavescentis extract]. | in order to enhance the medical effects of ganoderma lucidum submergedly cultured broth, the aqueous extract of radix sophorae flavescentis, a traditional chinese medicine, was added into the cultivation medium of g. lucidum. the organic acids were extracted with ethanol, chloroform, 5% nahco3 and chloroform in turn from the cultured broth of ganoderma lucidum which cultivation medium contained radix sophorae flavescentis extract. six new components were separated from the organic acids with pre ... | 2005 | 16245890 |
| [application of flow cytometry on functional assessment of health food]. | to establish flow cytometry (fcm) methods and evaluate their application value for measuring the index for enhancing immune function of health food. | 2005 | 16266546 |
| ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide inhibits the growth of vascular endothelial cell and the induction of vegf in human lung cancer cell. | ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (gl-pp) has shown some effects as anti-tumors in mice and potential anti-angiogenesis. in this study, we elucidated the possible mechanism of gl-pp action on anti-angiogenesis of tumor. our research indicated that the proliferation of huvecs was inhibited by gl-pp in a dose-dependent fashion, but not because of cytotoxicity. flow cytometric studies revealed that gl-pp treatment of huvecs could induce cell apoptosis directly. moreover, addition of gl-pp al ... | 2006 | 16269156 |
| a laccase from the medicinal mushroom ganoderma lucidum. | a protein demonstrating laccase activity and potent inhibitory activity towards human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 reverse transcriptase (ic50 1.2 microm) was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the medicinal mushroom ganoderma lucidum. the laccase had a novel n-terminal sequence and a molecular mass of 75 kda, which is higher than the range (55-56 kda) reported for most other mushroom laccases. it was isolated by sequential chromatography on deae-cellulose and affi-gel blue gel and adsorpt ... | 2006 | 16636832 |
| [soothing effect of ganoderma lucidum antlered form on cyclophosphamide-induced adverse reaction]. | the immunological functions of ganoderma lucidum antlered form (af) (rokkaku-reishi in japanese), a variant type of ganoderma lucidum, were investigated in c57bl/6 mice treated with cyclophosphamide (cy). ganoderma lucidum af alleviated cy-induced decrease in body weight and abnormal increase in blood neutrophil level, when the mice were fed a diet containing 2.5% ganoderma lucidum af starting one week before cy treatment (150 mg/kg, ip). the recovery of cd8+ and nk1.1+ cells in the spleen was a ... | 2005 | 16315878 |
| [effects of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on serum lipids and lipoperoxidation in experimental hyperlipidemic rats]. | to investigate the effect of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on blood lipid and lipoperoxidation from the experimental hyperlipidemic rats. | 2005 | 16323548 |
| ganoderma lucidum inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in macrophages. | nitric oxide (no) is a principal mediator in many physiological and pathological processes. overproduction of no via the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) has cytotoxic effect through the formation of peroxynitrite with superoxide anion. the inos is mainly expressed in macrophages and is able to produce large amount of no. the expression of inos is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level. the inos-mediated no production plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis. ganoderma luc ... | 2005 | 16335796 |
| anticancer effects of ganoderma lucidum: a review of scientific evidence. | "lingzhi" (ganoderma lucidum), a popular medicinal mushroom, has been used in china for longevity and health promotion since ancient times. investigations into the anticancer activity of lingzhi have been performed in both in vitro and in vivo studies, supporting its application for cancer treatment and prevention. the proposed anticancer activity of lingzhi has prompted its usage by cancer patients. it remains debatable as to whether lingzhi is a food supplement for health maintenance or actual ... | 2005 | 16351502 |
| secondary metabolites from ganoderma lucidum and spongiporus leucomallellus. | the hydrodistillates and solvent extracts of the fruit bodies of ganoderma lucidum (fr.) p. karst. and spongiporus leucomallellus (murril) a. david were investigated. the constituents in both oils comprised hydrocarbons, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and fatty acids. major volatiles of g. lucidum were trans-anethol, r-(-)-linalool, s-(+)-carvone and alpha-bisabolol, while the essential oil of s. leucomallellus contained relatively large amounts of r-(-)-1-octene-3-ol, r-(-)-linalool, 1-hepten-3- ... | 2006 | 16356517 |
| [comparison of the immunomodulatory effects of spore polysaccharides and broken spore polysaccharides isolated from ganoderma lucidum on murine splenic lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages in vitro]. | to compare the immunomodulatory effects of spore polysaccharides (gl-sp) and broken spore polysaccharides (gl-bsp) isolated from ganoderma lucidum(leyss et fr.) karst. on murine splenic lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages in vitro. | 2005 | 16378103 |
| ganoderma lucidum mycelium and spore extracts as natural adjuvants for immunotherapy. | ganoderma lucidum (gl) is one of the most commonly used chinese herbs in the oriental community, with more than 30% of pediatric cancer patients taking gl. the immunomodulating and anticancer effects exerted by gl extracts have been demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies. there was, however, no comparison between the immunomodulating effects of gl mycelium extract (gl-m) and spore extracts on human immune cells. dendritic cells (dcs) are professional antigen-presenting cells and their role ... | 2005 | 16398597 |
| dna based customized nutraceutical "gene therapy" utilizing a genoscore: a hypothesized paradigm shift of a novel approach to the diagnosis, stratification, prognosis and treatment of inflammatory processes in the human. | we hypothesize that using a multi-variant nutrigenomic index for the purposes of customizing or adjusting the formulation of nutritional supplements will result in an improved and novel approach to the diagnosis, stratification, prognosis, and treatment of inflammatory processes in the human. this multi-variant genetic index, or genoscore, is derived by analyzing genotype and/or phenotype through measuring multiple genetic mutations of single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene expression, or other f ... | 2006 | 16403602 |
| analysis of genetic diversity in ganoderma population with a novel molecular marker srap. | genetic marker technology designed to detect naturally occurring polymorphisms at the dna level had become an invaluable and revolutionizing tool for both applied and basic studies of fungi. to eliminate the confusion on the taxonomy of ganoderma strains, in this study, a collection of 31 accessions representative of morphotypes and some unclassified types was used for analyzing molecular diversity using a novel molecular marker sequence-related amplified polymorphism (srap). this collection inc ... | 2006 | 16411085 |
| ganoderma lucidum causes apoptosis in leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells. | over many centuries, herbal remedies have treated a variety of ailments. this empiric observational approach has produced a number of leads for formulated medicines. ganoderma lucidum extract was screened for its anti-proliferative activity using a panel of 26 human cancer cell lines. the six most sensitive hematologic cell lines were: hl-60 (ed50 26 microg/ml), u937 (63 microg/ml), k562 (50 microg/ml), blin-1 (38 microg/ml), nalm-6 (30 microg/ml) and rpmi8226 (40 microg/ml). cell cycle analyses ... | 2006 | 16423392 |
| monitoring of immune responses to a herbal immuno-modulator in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. | many herbal medicines are widely used as immuno-modulators in asian countries. ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi) is one of the most commonly used herbs in asia and preclinical studies have established that the polysaccharide fractions of g. lucidum have potent immuno-modulating effects. however, clinical evidence for this is scanty. the present open-labeled study aimed to evaluate the effects of g. lucidum polysaccharides on selected immune functions in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. forty- ... | 2006 | 16428086 |
| culture ph affects exopolysaccharide production in submerged mycelial culture of ganoderma lucidum. | in submerged culture of ganoderma lucidum, the ph optimum for cell growth has been shown to be lower than that for exopolysaccharides (eps) formation. therefore, in the present study, a two-stage ph-control strategy was employed to maximize the productions of mycelial biomass and eps. when compared, a batch culture without ph control had a maximum concentration of eps and endopolysaccharides, which was much lower than those with ph control. maximum mycelial growth (12.5 g/l) and eps production ( ... | 2006 | 16960283 |
| ganoderma extract prevents albumin-induced oxidative damage and chemokines synthesis in cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells. | ganoderma lucidum (ganoderma or lingzhi) is widely used as an alternative medicine remedy to promote health and longevity. recent studies have indicated that components extracted from ganoderma have a wide range of pharmacological actions including suppressing inflammation and scavenging free radicals. we recently reported that tubular secretion of interleukin-8 (il-8) induced by albumin is important in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial injury in the proteinuric state. in this study, we exp ... | 2006 | 16434408 |
| 5alpha-reductase inhibitory effect of triterpenoids isolated from ganoderma lucidum. | 5alpha-reductase inhibitory activity-guided fractionation of the etoh extract of the fruiting body of ganoderma lucidum (leyss.:fr.) karst. (ganodermataceae), which is called reishi, or mannentake in japan and lingzhi in china, led to the isolation of two active compounds which were ganoderic acid dm and 5alpha-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-15alpha,26-dihydroxy-3-one with an ic(50) of 10.6 microm and 41.9 microm respectively. a carboxyl group of side chain of ganoderic acid dm is essential to elicit ... | 2006 | 16462054 |
| ameliorative effect of ganoderma lucidum on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. | to investigate the effects of reishi mushroom, ganoderma lucidum extract (gle), on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) in rats. | 2006 | 16482628 |
| a highly efficient polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation method for mushrooms. | a highly efficient transformation system mediated by polyethylene glycol was developed for the cultivated mushroom pleurotus ostreatus. eighty to 180 integrative and stable-resistant colonies appeared per mug of dna per 10(7) viable protoplasts in a transformation experiment with the hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene (hph), which is about 40-1800 times higher than that previously reported in p. ostreatus. one hundred to 150 transformants emitting green fluorescence were observed per mug of dn ... | 2006 | 16499607 |
| effect of an herbal formula containing ganoderma lucidum on reduction of herpes zoster pain: a pilot clinical trial. | administration of hot water extracts of a herbal formula containing ganoderma lucidum, wtmcgepp (wisteria floribunda 0.38, trapa natans 0.38, miristica agrans 0.38, coix lachryma-jobi 0.75, cultivated ganoderma lucidum 0.75, elfuinga applanata 0.38, tissue cultured panax ginseng 0.3, and punica granatum 0.38: numerals designate dry weight gram/dose), decreased herpes zoster pain for five japanese patients suffering from shingles. pain relief started within a few days of intake and was almost com ... | 2005 | 16173526 |
| cellular and molecular mechanisms of immuno-modulation by ganoderma lucidum. | ganoderma lucidum (leyss. ex fr.) karst. (lingzhi or reishi) has been used for a long time in china to prevent and treat various human diseases. g. lucidum polysaccharides extracted from g. lucidum are one of efficacious ingredient groups of g. lucidum. a number of reports have demonstrated that g. lucidum polysaccharides modulate immune function both in vivo and in vitro. the immuno-modulating effects of g. lucidum polysaccharides were extensive, including promoting the function of antigen-pres ... | 2005 | 16230843 |
| in vitro and in vivo protective effects of proteoglycan isolated from mycelia of ganoderma lucidum on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. | to investigate the possible mechanism of the protective effects of a bioactive fraction,ganoderma lucidum proteoglycan (glpg) isolated from ganoderma lucidum mycelia, against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. | 2006 | 16552805 |
| anti-hepatitis activities in the broth of ganoderma lucidum supplemented with a chinese herbal medicine. | the anti-hepatitis b virus activity and hepatoprotective activity of a liquid fermentation broth of ganoderma lucidum were investigated. the cultured broth was supplemented with aqueous extract of radix sophorae flavescentis, a kind of chinese herbal medicine. our results indicated that the cultured broth had effects of anti-hepatitis b virus activity in vitro and protected mice from liver damage in vivo. our results also indicated that the co-fermentation broth of ganoderma lucidum in the prese ... | 2006 | 16552843 |
| identification of medicinal mushroom species based on nuclear large subunit rdna sequences. | the purpose of this study was to develop molecular identification method for medical mushrooms and their preparations based on the nucleotide sequences of nuclear large subunit (lsu) rdna. four specimens were collected of each of the three representative medicinal mushrooms used in korea: ganoderma lucidum, coriolus versicolor, and fomes fomentarius. fungal material used in these experiments included two different mycelial cultures and two different fruiting bodies from wild or cultivated mushro ... | 2006 | 16554714 |
| enhanced induction of mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in human leukemia hl-60 cells by the ganoderma lucidum and duchesnea chrysantha extracts. | combined treatment with the medicinal mushroom ganoderma lucidum and the herb duchesnea chrysantha extracts (gde) causes a synergistic induction of mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in hl-60 cells. gde treatment is selectively toxic to hl-60 leukemia cells whereas no cytotoxic effect is observed in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. gde-induced apoptosis is associated with bcl-2 down-regulation, bax translocation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation, suggesting t ... | 2007 | 16574319 |
| ganoderma lucidum extract inhibits proliferation of sw 480 human colorectal cancer cells. | ganoderma lucidum is a commonly used chinese herb and an important ingredient in traditional chinese medicine herbal formulations for immune dysfunction related illnesses. the effects of this medicinal mushroom on human colorectal cancer cells have not yet been evaluated. in this study, we investigated the effects of ganoderma lucidum extract using sw 480 human colorectal cancer cell line. | 2006 | 16614703 |
| polysaccharide purified from ganoderma lucidum induces gene expression changes in human dendritic cells and promotes t helper 1 immune response in balb/c mice. | ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom in china and other asian countries. the polysaccharide from g. lucidum (ps-g) is a branched (1-->6)-beta-d-glucan moiety. in this study, we examined the effects of ps-g on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dcs) with microarray analysis by human genome u133 plus 2.0 genechip. in comparing mean signal values between ps-g-treated dcs with untreated dcs, 3477 (17%) probe sets were up-regulated, and 4418 (19%) probe sets were down-regulated after ps-g t ... | 2006 | 16670374 |
| [primary study on proteomics about ganoderma lucidium spores promoting survival and axon regeneration of injured spinal motor neurons in rats]. | to detect some proteins associated with the effect of ganoderma lucidium spores (gasp) on promoting the survival and axon regeneration of injured spinal motor neurons in rats. | 2006 | 16696920 |
| antimutagenic activity of methanolic extract of ganoderma lucidum and its effect on hepatic damage caused by benzo[a]pyrene. | the antimutagenic activity of the methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of ganoderma lucidum (fr.) p. krast. occurring in south india was investigated. the activity was assayed by ames salmonella mutagenicity test using histidine mutants of salmonella typhimurium tester strains, ta98, ta100 and ta102. the methanolic extract of the mushroom significantly inhibited (p<0.001) the in vitro sodium azide (nan(3)), n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (npd), an ... | 2006 | 16713154 |
| [optimization of nutrient medium for submerged cultivation of ganoderma lucidum (curt.: fr.) p. karst]. | the dependence of the amount of the grown vegetative mycelium of ganoderma lucidum on the composition of the nutrient medium has been studied under conditions of submerged cultivation. the medium was optimized using full factorial and steepest ascent experimental designs. the addition of two carbon sources to the medium considerably improved the submerged growth of the fungus. an optimized medium provided for a high yield (20-20.95 g/l) of the morphologically homogeneous mycelium and shortened t ... | 2006 | 16758866 |
| anti-hepatitis b activities of ganoderic acid from ganoderma lucidum. | ganoderic acid, from ganoderma lucidum, at 8 microg/ml inhibited replication of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in hepg2215 cells over 8 days. production of hbv surface antigen and hbv e antigen were 20 and 44% of controls without ganoderic acid. male km mice were significantly protected from liver injury, induced with carbon tetrachloride, by treatment with ganoderic acid at 10 mg and 30 mg/kg x d (by intravenous injection) 7 days. ganoderic acid at the same dosage also significantly protected the mice ... | 2006 | 16786250 |
| reishi polysaccharides induce immunoglobulin production through the tlr4/tlr2-mediated induction of transcription factor blimp-1. | the polysaccharides of ganoderma lucidum (reishi) possess immunomodulation activities; however, their mode of molecular action in regulating each cellular subset in the immune system is still not clear. here, we investigate the function of the main polysaccharide fraction of reishi (reishi-f3) in b lymphocyte activation/differentiation. we find that reishi-f3 causes mouse splenic b cell activation and differentiation to igm-secreting plasma cells, and the process depends on reishi-f3-mediated in ... | 2006 | 16798741 |
| [pre-administration of ganoderma lucidum spore reduces incidence of neural tube defects induced by retinoic acid in pregnant mice]. | to explore whether pre-administration of ganoderma lucidum spore (gasp) can reduce incidence of neural tube defects (ntds) induced by all-trans retinoic acid (atra) in pregnant mice. | 2006 | 16834973 |
| ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells by down-regulation of estrogen receptor and nf-kappab signaling. | ganoderma lucidum, an oriental medical mushroom, has been used in asia for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer. we have previously demonstrated that g. lucidum inhibits growth and induces cell cycle arrest at g0/g1 phase through the inhibition of akt/nf-kappab signaling in estrogen-independent human breast cancer cells. however, the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the inhibitory effects of g. lucidum on the proliferation of estrogen-dependent (mcf-7) an ... | 2006 | 16865287 |
| immunomodulatory effects of lingzhi and san-miao-san supplementation on patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is an autoimmune joint disease. we evaluated a standard preparation of lingzhi (ganoderma lucidum) and san-miao-san (rhizoma atractylodis, cortex phellodendri, radix achyranthes bidentatae) capsules (tcm group) for its supplementary treatment efficacy for ra. there was no significant difference in the absolute count, percentage, and ratios of cd4(+)/cd8(+)/natural killer/b lymphocytes between the tcm and placebo groups after taking the capsules (all p > 0.05). there was ... | 2006 | 16873089 |
| ganoderma - a therapeutic fungal biofactory. | ganoderma is a basidiomycete white rot fungus which has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries particularly in china, japan and korea. a great deal of work has been carried out on ganoderma lucidum. the common names for preparations include lingzhi, munnertake, sachitake, reishi and youngzhi. this review collates the publications detailing activities and compounds by representative species whilst considering the most valid claims of effectiveness. the biological activities reported of pr ... | 2006 | 16905165 |
| determination of ergosterol in ganoderma spore lipid from the germinating spores of ganoderma lucidum by high-performance liquid chromatography. | a gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method was developed for the separation and determination of free ergosterol in ganoderma spore lipid (gsl) extracted from the sporoderm-broken germinating spores of ganoderma lucidum. sodium hydroxide in methanol was added for the hydrolysis of ergosteryl esters to determine the total content of ergosterol in gsl by hplc. a 0.04 m concentration of sodium hydroxide in reaction mixtures was appropriate for the complete hydrol ... | 2006 | 16910704 |
| anti-tumor activities of the antlered form of ganoderma lucidum in allogeneic and syngeneic tumor-bearing mice. | we investigated the anti-tumor effects of a dry powder preparation of the antlered form of ganoderma lucidum (g. lucidum af, rokkaku-reishi in japanese), a variant type of g. lucidum, not only in allogeneic sarcoma 180-bearing ddy mice, but also in syngeneic mm 46-bearing c3h/he mice. g. lucidum af inhibited tumor growth and elongated the life span when orally administered to mice by free-feeding of a 2.5% g. lucidum af-containing diet. it also showed anti-tumor activity in spite of post-feeding ... | 2006 | 16960396 |
| structure-activity relationship for inhibition of 5alpha-reductase by triterpenoids isolated from ganoderma lucidum. | in humans, 5alpha-reductase is involved in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. triterpenoids isolated from ethanol extracts of ganoderma lucidum (fr.) krast (ganodermataceae) inhibited 5alpha-reductase activity. the presence of the c-3 carbonyl group and of the c-26-alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group was characteristic of almost all inhibitors isolated from g. lucidum. | 2006 | 16962782 |
| ganoderma lucidum extract stimulates glucose uptake in l6 rat skeletal muscle cells. | the effect of ganoderma lucidum extract on glucose uptake was studied in l6 rat skeletal muscle cells. g. lucidum extract increased glucose uptake about 2-fold compared to control. the extract stimulated the activity of phosphatidylinositol (pi) 3-kinase which is a major regulatory molecule in the glucose uptake pathway. about 7-fold increased activity of a pi 3-kinase was observed after treatment with g. lucidum extract, whereas pi 3-kinase inhibitor, ly294002, blocked the g. lucidum extract-st ... | 2006 | 16964326 |