| [production of strains of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. forming peptide alkaloids in vivo]. | | 1957 | 13432734 |
| [nuclear staining of cell nuclei of ergot fungus (claviceps purpurea tul.). in various developmental phases]. | | 1957 | 13457802 |
| biosynthesis of ergothioneine by claviceps purpurea. 3. the incorporation of labelled histidine. | | 1958 | 13522637 |
| the culture of claviceps purpurea. iv. lipogenesis. | | 1958 | 13587302 |
| some factors influencing the saprophytic production of clavine alkaloids by claviceps purpurea. | | 1958 | 13587319 |
| the influence of certain factors on the in vitro production of ergot alkaloids by claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. | | 1958 | 13608330 |
| glutamic decarboxyiase of ergot, claviceps purpurea. | anderson, john a. (oregon state university, corvallis), vernon h. cheldelin, and tsoo e. king. glutamic decarboxylase of ergot, claviceps purpurea. j. bacteriol. 82:354-358. 1961.-l-glutamic acid is the only naturally occurring amino acid which can be decarboxylated by cell-free extracts of claviceps purpurea. this decarboxylase was partially purified and the properties of the enzyme studied. the specific activity of the purified preparation was 111 muliters per 10 min per mg of protein. the pro ... | 1961 | 13683214 |
| [various tests on the growth of sphacelia segetum lev. in liquid culture media to which casein is added as a nitrogen source]. | | 1960 | 13706921 |
| [on information on alkaloid formation by claviceps purpurea in submerged cultures]. | | 1960 | 13708847 |
| [antifungal or stimulating action of various plant tissues on the growth of "sphacelia segetum lev."]. | | 1960 | 13722648 |
| [on the action exerted on the growth of ''sphacelia segetum lev.'' by filtrates of nutritient solutions in which different fungi have been grown]. | | 1960 | 13722649 |
| [on the ability of various strains of claviceps purpurea tul to synthesize alkaloids in saprophytic culture]. | | 1961 | 13731537 |
| [on the knowledge of primary biogenic amines in plants, especially in ergot (claviceps purpurea tul.)]. | | 1960 | 13753129 |
| succinic dehydrogenase of the ergot fungus and mussel. | | 1960 | 13756112 |
| estimation of ergot alkaloids in cultures of claviceps purpurea. | | 1959 | 13842380 |
| a note on the biosynthesis of clavine alkaloids in claviceps purpurea strain 15b. | | 1960 | 13849150 |
| the infection of rye callus with claviceps purpurea. | | 1959 | 13849319 |
| [on the influence of various amino acids used as a source of nitrogen in the growth of sphacelia segetum (ergot)]. | | 1959 | 13850989 |
| [several experiments on the action of cystine, cysteine, methionine, ammonium succinate and other nitrogenous substances in the growth of sphacelia segetum (ergot)]. | | 1959 | 13850990 |
| [comparative study of the effect of various nitrogen sources and of carbon on the growth of sphacelia segetum lev]. | | 1961 | 13886129 |
| [comparative study of the effect of various sources of nitrogen and carbon on the growth of sphacelia segetum lev]. | | 1961 | 13886146 |
| [contribution to the study of the antibiotic or stimulating action which culture filtrates of other fungi have on the growth of "sphacelia segetum lev."]. | | 1961 | 13886147 |
| [artificial culture of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. i. infection and production of sclerotia on cereal plants grown under sterile conditions]. | | 1961 | 13921875 |
| some aspects of phosphate metabolism of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. ii. relationship between nucleic acids synthesis and ergot alkaloid production. | | 1961 | 14004189 |
| studies on the production of ergometrine through biosynthesis of the ergot fungus claviceps microcephala. | | 1962 | 14009444 |
| succinate dehydrogenase in the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. | | 1963 | 14074129 |
| biosynthesis of ergothioneine and hercynine by mycobacteria. | genghof, dorothy s. (yeshiva university, new york, n.y.), and olga van damme. biosynthesis of ergothioneine and hercynine by mycobacteria. j. bacteriol. 87:852-862. 1964.-ergothioneine and hercynine were found to be synthesized by a wide variety of mycobacteria grown in chemically defined media free from these compounds. the cultures examined included 53 recently isolated and laboratory strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis, 26 "unclassified" mycobacteria (runyon groups i to iv), and representat ... | 1964 | 14137624 |
| [cultivation of ergot organisms on different hosts. i. cultivation of different strains of claviceps microcephala (wallr.) tul. and claviceps purpurea (fr) tul. on varieties of wheat, barley and rye]. | | 1964 | 14181131 |
| sequential formation and accumulation of primary and secondary shunt metabolic products in claviceps purpurea. | the fungus claviceps purpurea was grown on a rich and a limited nutrient medium such that alkaloid was produced after 8 days on the former medium and after 3 days on the latter medium. cultures grown on both were assayed for the primary shunt metabolic products, polyols, trehalose, lipids, ribonucleic acid, and polyphosphate, and the secondary metabolic product, ergot alkaloid. although differing considerably in composition, the two media nevertheless allowed formation of both primary and second ... | 1964 | 14199021 |
| effect of the ergot inhibitor (claviceps purpurea l.) on the tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). | | 1964 | 14211335 |
| oxidase activity and lipid composition of respiratory particles from claviceps purpurea (ergot fungus). | | 1964 | 14211564 |
| analysis of the endogenous sugars and polyols of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. by chromatography on ion exchange resins. | | 1964 | 14222647 |
| [the fatty acids of the fats of ergot (claviceps purpurea)]. | | 1964 | 14230828 |
| enzymatic methylation on nicotinamide by claviceps purpurea. | | 1964 | 14234910 |
| [on the position of chanoclavine in alkaloid metabolism by claviceps purpurea tul]. | | 1964 | 14235097 |
| [chemical study of alkaloids of claviceps purpurea forming in saphrophytic cultures]. | | 1964 | 14302826 |
| [alpha-amino heptylic acid, a new natural amino acid from claviceps purpurea]. | | 1964 | 14317974 |
| [on the biosynthesis of peptide alkaloids from claviceps purpurea tul]. | | 1964 | 14339166 |
| sequential primary and secondary shunt metabolism in penicillium chrysogenum. | penicillium chrysogenum was grown on a rich medium and on a more sparse medium which favored penicillin production. mycelia grown on both media were examined for changes in lipid, mannitol, erythritol, glycerol, pentitol, trehalose, and residual mycelium, and the filtrates were examined for penicillin. penicillin production took place after the bulk of trehalose, polyol, and lipid had accumulated, and hence the sequential pattern of primary and secondary shunt metabolism, as observed in the case ... | 1965 | 14341595 |
| researches about the viability and preservation of the conidia of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul., grown in submerged culture. | | 1955 | 14387588 |
| [comparison of alkaloid formation of claviceps purpurea in parasitic and saprophytic cultures]. | | 1962 | 14457494 |
| chemometric modelling with two-dimensional fluorescence data for claviceps purpurea bioprocess characterization. | modern bioprocess control requires fast data acquisition and in-time evaluation of bioprocess variables. on-line fluorescence spectroscopy and the application of chemometric methods accomplish these goals. in order to demonstrate how time-consuming off-line analysis methods can be replaced for bioprocess monitoring, fluorescence measurements were performed during different cultivations of the fungus claviceps purpurea. to predict process variables like biomass, protein, and alkaloid concentratio ... | 2003 | 14511918 |
| ergot of rye-the first specific for migraine. | over the past decade the various triptan derivatives have been accepted as the most effective available agents for relieving migraine attacks. prior to that, for a period of half a century, ergotamine was the only 'specific' available for this purpose. in 1918, stoll had isolated it from the various alkaloids present in extracts of the sclerotia of the fungus claviceps purpurea (ergot), which grow on rye and, to a lesser extent, on other grasses. by 1925 ergotamine was beginning to be used to tr ... | 2004 | 14642357 |
| antimicrobial activity of a chelatable poly(arginyl-histidine) produced by the ergot fungus verticillium kibiense. | we have recently developed a convenient method of screening a broad range of microorganisms that produce epsilon-poly-l-lysine (m. nishikawa and k. ogawa, appl. environ. microbiol. 68:3575-3581, 2002). using this method, we found an ergot fungus that secretes a charged polypeptide other than epsilon-poly-l-lysine. it was identified as a new species on the basis of its 28s rrna sequence and was named verticillium kibiense (formerly epichloe kibiensis). peptide sequencing and mass spectrometry rev ... | 2004 | 14693544 |
| molecular cloning and analysis of the ergopeptine assembly system in the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. | claviceps purpurea produces the pharmacological important ergopeptines, a class of cyclol-structured alkaloid peptides containing d-lysergic acid. these compounds are assembled from d-lysergic acid and three different amino acids by the nonribosomal peptide synthetase enzymes lps1 and lps2. cloning of alkaloid biosynthesis genes from c. purpurea has revealed a gene cluster including two nrps genes, cpps 1 and cpps 2. protein sequence data had assigned earlier cpps1 to encode the trimodular lps1 ... | 2003 | 14700635 |
| [claviceps purpurea t. in croatia]. | | 1951 | 14802432 |
| [production of ergot (claviceps purpurea t.) in croatia]. | | 1951 | 14823013 |
| [yield and content variations of tulasn claviceps purpurea]. | | 1951 | 14864045 |
| [effect of 2,4 d ethyl ester on the development of claviceps purpurea in wheat fields]. | | 1951 | 14896532 |
| deuterium nmr used to indicate a common mechanism for the biosynthesis of ricinoleic acid by ricinus communis and claviceps purpurea. | previous studies have shown that ricinoleic acid from castor bean oil of ricinus communis is synthesized by the direct hydroxyl substitution of oleate, while it has been proposed that ricinoleate is formed by hydration of linoleate in the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. the mechanism of the enzymes specific to ricinoleate synthesis has not yet been established, but hydroxylation and desaturation of fatty acids in plants apparently involve closely related mechanisms. as mechanistic differences i ... | 2004 | 15012155 |
| secretion of acid phosphatase in claviceps purpurea--an ultracytochemical study. | the lead phosphate precipitation method showed the reaction product of acid phosphatase (which reflects the presence of the enzyme glycoprotein) in peripheral cytoplasmic vesicles in the ascomycetous fungus claviceps purpurea. the product appeared to diffuse from these vesicles (diameter 100-200 nm) towards the cell wall, usually to its sites covered by the capsular fibres exhibiting also acid phosphatase activity. this observation of diffusion of secretory glycoprotein in the cytoplasmic matrix ... | 2003 | 15058189 |
| cptf1, a creb-like transcription factor, is involved in the oxidative stress response in the phytopathogen claviceps purpurea and modulates ros level in its host secale cereale. | cptf1, a transcription factor with significant homology to atf/creb bzip factors, was identified during an expressed sequence tag (est) analysis of in planta-expressed genes of the phytopathogen claviceps purpurea. using a gene-replacement approach, deletion mutants of cptf1 were created. expression studies in axenic culture showed that the h2o2-inducible gene cpcat1 (encoding a secreted catalase) had a reduced basal expression level and no longer responded to oxidative stress in the delta cptf1 ... | 2004 | 15077671 |
| evidence that enforced sunlight exposure can cause hyperthermia in cattle ingesting low levels of ergot of rye (claviceps purpurea), when air temperature and humidity conditions are only moderate. | to determine the rectal temperature response of cattle, following the oral administration of ergot of rye (claviceps purpurea), under pen conditions of enforced sunlight compared with those of enforced shade. | 2003 | 15086095 |
| occurrence of d-histidine residues in antimicrobial poly(arginyl-histidine), conferring resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. | the antimicrobial peptide poly(arginyl-histidine) is secreted by the ergot fungus verticillium kibiense. we previously showed that poly(arginyl-histidine) from the fungus inhibits the growth of certain microorganisms more effectively than that chemically synthesized from the l-form of arginine and histidine, implying some substantial differences between the fungal and synthetic peptides. to elucidate what causes such differences, we here investigated the structural features of the fungal peptide ... | 2004 | 15476974 |
| endocrine alterations associated with ergopeptine alkaloid exposure during equine pregnancy. | ergopeptine alkaloid exposure is common in pregnant mares. many mares live in geographic areas where neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue is the dominant grass in pastures and hay. a variety of grasses and cereal grains can be infected by claviceps purpurea, and fungal sclerotia can contaminate forage and especially ground and pelleted feed. an understanding of the endocrine alterations associated with ergopeptine alkaloid exposure during pregnancy is necessary for the diagnosis of pot ... | 2002 | 15635913 |
| [about the acting of the brotherhood of st. anthony in würzburg]. | the brotherhood of st. anthony, founded in the old french province of dauphiné in 1095, was elevated to the rank of a monastic order in 1227, complying with the rules of the augustinian canons. in their infirmaries the monks took care of the persons attacked by ergot poisoning. if prayers and ointments were of no avail, in most cases the lower leg was amputated, so that the vital organs were not affected by gangrene. after bad harvests this ergotism became an epidemy, as rye-flour was consumed w ... | 2003 | 15637802 |
| the cot1 homologue cpcot1 regulates polar growth and branching and is essential for pathogenicity in claviceps purpurea. | claviceps purpurea, the ergot fungus, is a common grass pathogen attacking exclusively young ovaries. its pathogenic development involves an early phase of directed growth (with strictly suppressed branching) towards the floral vascular tissue. since ser/thr protein kinases of the ndr family have been shown to be involved in polar growth and branching in fungi, we have analyzed a c. purpurea homologue of the neurospora crassa cot-1 gene, cpcot1. it encodes a functional homologue of cot1 since it ... | 2004 | 15670709 |
| norleucine, a natural occurrence in a novel ergot alkaloid gamma-ergokryptinine. | a novel natural peptide ergot alkaloid gamma-ergokryptinine containing norleucine has been isolated from ergot sclerotia of the field-growing parasitic fungus claviceps purpurea ccm 8059. its structure was deduced from the nmr and mass spectral data. the final structural proof was provided by the crystal structure determination, which is the first x-ray structure of a natural nle-containing secondary metabolite. the conformations of three ergopeptinines: gamma-ergokryptinine, ergoladinine, and a ... | 2005 | 15723237 |
| the ergot alkaloid gene cluster in claviceps purpurea: extension of the cluster sequence and intra species evolution. | the genomic region of claviceps purpurea strain p1 containing the ergot alkaloid gene cluster [tudzynski, p., hölter, k., correia, t., arntz, c., grammel, n., keller, u., 1999. evidence for an ergot alkaloid gene cluster in claviceps purpurea. mol. gen. genet. 261, 133-141] was explored by chromosome walking, and additional genes probably involved in the ergot alkaloid biosynthesis have been identified. the putative cluster sequence (extending over 68.5kb) contains 4 different nonribosomal pepti ... | 2005 | 15904941 |
| geographic distribution and diversity in claviceps purpurea from salt marsh habitats and characterization of pacific coast populations. | claviceps purpurea specific to grasses in salt marsh habitats (group g3) has previously been identified on spartina spp. in two locations: new jersey, usa and southern england. we have identified this subgroup of c. purpurea (g3) in 11 distinct populations including western europe, south america, and along the atlantic and pacific coasts of the usa. in addition, g3 c. purpurea was discovered on a new host grass genus, distichlis. unweighted pair group mean analyses of aflp and rapd data reveal d ... | 2005 | 15912931 |
| an ergot alkaloid biosynthesis gene and clustered hypothetical genes from aspergillus fumigatus. | the ergot alkaloids are a family of indole-derived mycotoxins with a variety of significant biological activities. aspergillus fumigatus, a common airborne fungus and opportunistic human pathogen, and several fungi in the relatively distant taxon clavicipitaceae (clavicipitaceous fungi) produce different sets of ergot alkaloids. the ergot alkaloids of these divergent fungi share a four-member ergoline ring but differ in the number, type, and position of the side chains. several genes required fo ... | 2005 | 15933009 |
| a cdc42 homologue in claviceps purpurea is involved in vegetative differentiation and is essential for pathogenicity. | claviceps purpurea, a biotrophic pathogen of cereals, has developed a unique pathogenic strategy including an extended period of unbranched directed growth in the host's style and ovarian tissue to tap the vascular system. since the small gtpase cdc42 has been shown to be involved in cytoskeleton organization and polarity in other fungi, we investigated the role of cdc42 in the development and pathogenicity of c. purpurea. expression of heterologous dominant-active (da) and dominant-negative (dn ... | 2005 | 16002649 |
| heterothallism in cordyceps takaomontana. | perithecium formation of an entomopathogenic fungus cordyceps takaomontana was promoted by treating the mycelia with cell wall-degrading enzymes and peg 4000. perithecia were formed in the mixed culture of both mating-type strains mat1 and mat2, and not in the culture of mat1 or mat2 alone. the mat1 strains did not possess a mating-type gene mat1-1-3, but could produce perithecia. these results strongly suggested that c. takaomontana is heterothallic, and does not need mat1-1-3 for the peritheci ... | 2005 | 16055279 |
| resistance to claviceps purpurea in spring and durum wheat. | | 1970 | 16057494 |
| comparative studies on the effect of ergot contaminated feed on performance and health of piglets and chickens. | two dose response trials were conducted with piglets and chickens to study the effects of increasing amounts of ergot (claviceps purpurea) with a defined alkaloid content and pattern on performance, biochemical serum characteristics and organ weights (of chickens). the ergot was mixed into the cereal-soybean meal based diets at levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg. the total alkaloid content of the ergot was analysed to be 2775 mg/kg and showed the following composition: ergometrine 8.1%, ergotamin ... | 2005 | 16080303 |
| structural analysis of a peptide synthetase gene required for ergopeptine production in the endophytic fungus neotyphodium lolii. | lysergyl peptide synthetase 1 catalyzes the assembly of toxic ergopeptines from activated d-lysergic acid and three amino acids. the gene encoding this enzyme in the endophytic fungus neotyphodium lolii was analyzed and compared to a homologous gene from the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. each gene contained two introns, which were found in the same relative position within two modules of the gene. the 5' ends of the two genes were unusually divergent. signature sequences determining substrate ... | 2005 | 16243728 |
| [contributions to the quantitative study of lysergic alkaloid distribution in the sclerotia of claviceps purpurea]. | | 1978 | 16296516 |
| methods for mutation and selection of the ergot fungus. | a new method is described in which the salkowski reaction is used for the rapid selection of alkaloid-producing mutants of the ergot fungus. this method was used to investigate the influence of a second mutation with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (ntg) on various mutants selected by a preliminary ntg mutation of claviceps sp. strain sd 58. three groups of mutants were used: high alkaloid producers, low alkaloid producers, and auxotrophs. results indicated that a second mutation of all thr ... | 1983 | 16346260 |
| highly efficient mutagenesis of claviceps purpurea by using protoplasts. | claviceps purpurea atcc 20102, which is aconidial under laboratory conditions, was grown in submerged culture in the presence of mutagens and various nutritional additives. protoplasts from such cultures were prepared and regenerated on solid medium to obtain colonies from single cell units. frequencies of auxotrophs and high alkaloid producers were on the order of 1 to 2%. some of the auxotrophic mutants derived from strain atcc 20102 were constantly segregating prototrophs. high-alkaloid-produ ... | 1983 | 16346384 |
| isolation and characterization of vacuoles from the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. | protoplasts of claviceps purpurea were prepared by treatment of mycelium with a lytic mixture of snail gut enzyme and cellulase from trichoderma viride. such protoplasts could be efficiently lysed by triton x-100 treatment at high osmotic pressure without ca or mg, allowing the release of intact vacuoles in high yields. vacuoles obtained from cells grown in modified vogel medium (vegetative-type cells not producing alkaloids) were isolated and purified by centrifugation from a 5% ficoll 400 (wt/ ... | 1984 | 16346510 |
| long-term production of ergot peptides by immobilized claviceps purpurea in semicontinuous and continuous culture. | the semicontinuous and continuous production of pharmaceutically useful ergot peptides with immobilized claviceps purpurea could be demonstrated. a key aspect was the presence of high concentrations of cacl(2) (96.9 mm) to give marked prolongation of the productive phase, and cultivation in a bubble column reactor became possible. restriction of the phosphate supply avoided an otherwise problematic massive increase of outgrowing hyphae. | 1993 | 16348979 |
| molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of the cu,zn superoxide dismutase (sod1) gene from the entomopathogenic fungus cordyceps militaris. | we describe the molecular characterization of the cu,zn superoxide dismutase (sod1) gene of cordyceps militaris, which is one of the entomopathogenic fungi called a vegetable wasp and plant worm. the sod1 gene of c. militaris spans 922 bp and consisted of three introns and four exons coding for 154 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence of the c. militaris sod1 cdna showed 88% identity to claviceps purpurea sod1, 82% to neurospora crassa sod1, and 75-64% to sod1 sequences from othe ... | 2005 | 16389964 |
| review : mycotoxins in food (1) cereal grains and their products. | fungal poisons have been known for many years but they have not been considered a major factor in human health problems until almost the last two decades. epidemics of dry gangrene and various derangements of man was common feature in europe from the 11th through the 16th centuries. a disease called holy fire was actually ergotism and was caused by a related group of alkaloids from the sclerotia of a mould claviceps purpurea. the source of the ergot which contained the toxin was infested rye, wh ... | 1988 | 16414618 |
| the influence of ergot-contaminated feed on growth and slaughtering performance, nutrient digestibility and carry over of ergot alkaloids in growing-finishing pigs. | diets containing 0, 1 and 10 g ergot (claviceps purpurea) per kg, corresponding to mean total alkaloid contents of 0.05, 0.60 and 4.66 mg/kg (sums of ergometrine, ergotamine, ergocornine, alpha-ergocryptine, ergocristine, ergosine and their -inine isomers analysed by a hplc-method), were each fed ad libitum to 12 pigs in the bw range of 30-115 kg to study the effect of ergot-contaminated feed on growth and slaughtering performance and the carry over of ergot alkaloids. additionally, balance tria ... | 2005 | 16429824 |
| in vitro pathogenicity assay for the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. | the pathogenic development of the biotrophic ergot fungus claviceps purpurea is strictly limited to the ovary of grasses. early colonization stages occur within a defined spatio-temporal course of events, including the directed growth to the vascular tissue for nutrient supply. to characterize mutant strains with putative defects in pathogenicity, the close observation of the infection pathway is therefore indispensable. here, we describe the establishment of a new pathogenicity assay, based on ... | 2006 | 16483754 |
| identification of the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase that bridges the clavine and ergoline alkaloid pathways. | clavines and d-lysergic acid-derived alkaloid amides and alkaloid peptides are two different families of compounds that have the indole-derived tetracyclic metergoline ring system in common. previous work has shown that d-lysergic acid is biosynthetically derived from clavine alkaloids. recent cloning and analysis of the ergot alkaloid biosynthesis gene cluster from the d-lysergic acid peptide (ergopeptines)-producing claviceps purpurea, has shown that it most probably contains all genes necessa ... | 2006 | 16538694 |
| glucose catabolism in the ergot fungus, claviceps purpurea. | | 1960 | 16561866 |
| composition of guttation fluid from rye, wheat, and barley seedlings. | this work was undertaken to determine the kinds and amount of substances that would account for the previously demonstrated differential growth of claviceps purpurea on guttation fluids from rosen rye, genesee wheat, and traill barley seedlings. chromatographic methods were used for determining amino acids and sugars, spot tests and spectrometric methods for inorganic materials, and microbiological methods for vitamins.total sugar content is about equal in rye and barley fluids, but lower in whe ... | 1966 | 16656266 |
| the biosynthesis of ricinoleic acid by claviceps purpurea. | | 1966 | 16742408 |
| post-genome research on the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids. | genome sequencing provides new opportunities and challenges for identifying genes for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. a putative biosynthetic gene cluster of fumigaclavine c, an ergot alkaloid of the clavine type, was identified in the genome sequence of aspergillus fumigatus by a bioinformatic approach. this cluster spans 22 kb of genomic dna and comprises at least 11 open reading frames (orfs). seven of them are orthologous to genes from the biosynthetic gene cluster of ergot alkalo ... | 2006 | 16902860 |
| a complex ergovaline gene cluster in epichloe endophytes of grasses. | clavicipitaceous fungal endophytes of the genera epichloë and neotyphodium form symbioses with grasses of the subfamily pooideae, in which they can synthesize an array of bioprotective alkaloids. some strains produce the ergopeptine alkaloid ergovaline, which is implicated in livestock toxicoses caused by ingestion of endophyte-infected grasses. cloning and analysis of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) gene from neotyphodium lolii revealed a putative gene cluster for ergovaline biosynthes ... | 2007 | 17308187 |
| a new strain of claviceps purpurea accumulating tetracyclic clavine alkaloids. | a new strain of claviceps was isolated from a blokked mutant of claviceps purpurea. this strain accumulates substantial amounts of clavine alkaloids (2 g/l). the alkaloid fraction is composed of chanoclavine-i ( approximately 10%) and a mixture of agroclavine/elymoclavine (90%). most suitable for alkaloid production in submerged culture is an ammoncitrate/sucrose medium. the genealogy of the new strain, designated pepty 695/ch-i is the following one: pepty 695/s (ergotoxine producer) --> pepty 6 ... | 1982 | 17396770 |
| qualitative changes in peptide alkaloid biosynthesis of claviceps purpurea by environmental conditions. | | 1982 | 17402093 |
| incorporation of thiazolidine-4-carbozylic acid into ergosine by claviceps purpurea. | | 1982 | 17402094 |
| a new commercial strain of ergot adapted from a wild grass. | a strain of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. isolated from arthraxon lancifolius hochst. was successfully adapted on rye. experimental cultivation on rye showed 370 kg/ha yield of sclerotia containing 0.5% total alkaloid which consisted of 33% ergometrine, 17.6% ergotamine, 18.7% ergocornine and 22.7% ergokryptine. the results also reveal that alkaloid profile of the ergot strain depends largely on its host. significantly high yield of the sclerotia and the valuable alkaloid profile of the new stra ... | 1982 | 17402104 |
| phylogenetic evidence for an animal pathogen origin of ergot and the grass endophytes. | grass-associated fungi (grass symbionts) in the family clavicipitaceae (ascomycota, hypocreales) are species whose host range is restricted to the plant family poaceae and rarely cyperaceae. the best-characterized species include claviceps purpurea (ergot of rye) and neotyphodium coenophialum (endophyte of tall fescue). they have been the focus of considerable research due to their importance in agricultural and grassland ecosystems and the diversity of their bioactive secondary metabolites. her ... | 2007 | 17402984 |
| primary structure, regioselectivity, and evolution of the membrane-bound fatty acid desaturases of claviceps purpurea. | two cdnas with sequence similarity to fatty acid desaturase genes were isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus, claviceps purpurea. the predicted amino acid sequences of the corresponding genes, named cpdes12 and cpdesx, share 87% identity. phylogenetic analysis indicates that cpdes12 and cpdesx arose by gene duplication of an ancestral delta(12)-desaturase gene after the divergence of nectriaceae and clavicipitaceae. functional expression of cpdes12 and cpdesx in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisia ... | 2007 | 17510052 |
| use of a nonhomologous end joining deficient strain (deltaku70) of the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea for identification of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene involved in ergotamine biosynthesis. | the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea uses mainly the nonhomologous-end-joining (nhej) system for integration of exogenous dna, leading to a low frequency of homologous integration (1-2%). to improve gene targeting efficiency we deleted the c. purpurea ku70 gene in two different strains: the pathogenic strain 20.1 and the apathogenic, ergot alkaloid producing strain p1. the mutants were not impaired in vegetative and pathogenic development nor alkaloid production. gene targeting efficiency was sig ... | 2008 | 17560817 |
| comparison of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis gene clusters in claviceps species indicates loss of late pathway steps in evolution of c. fusiformis. | the grass parasites claviceps purpurea and claviceps fusiformis produce ergot alkaloids (ea) in planta and in submerged culture. whereas ea synthesis (eas) in c. purpurea proceeds via clavine intermediates to lysergic acid and the complex ergopeptines, c. fusiformis produces only agroclavine and elymoclavine. in c. purpurea the eas gene (eas) cluster includes dmaw (encoding the first pathway step), cloa (elymoclavine oxidation to lysergic acid), and the lpsa/lpsb genes (ergopeptine formation). w ... | 2007 | 17720822 |
| guttation fluid: effects on growth of claviceps purpurea in vitro. | in laboratory inoculation experiments, rosen rye seedlings were more susceptible, genesee wheat seedlings were less susceptible, and trail barley seedlings were not susceptible to claviceps purpurea. guttation fluids from these plants were used as media for the growth of germinating spores of c. purpurea. growth experiments consisted of spores which were germinated in thin agar films on microscope slides. germ tube growth was determined by counting the tubes that crossed the perimeter of a squar ... | 1962 | 17829704 |
| the small gtpase rac and the p21-activated kinase cla4 in claviceps purpurea: interaction and impact on polarity, development and pathogenicity. | claviceps purpurea, the ergot fungus, is a highly specialized pathogen of grasses; its colonization of host ovarian tissue requires an extended period of strictly polarized, oriented growth towards the vascular tissue. to understand this process, we study the role of signalling factors affecting polarity and differentiation. we showed that the small gtpase cdc42 is involved in polarity, sporulation and in planta growth in c. purpurea. here we present evidence that the gtpase rac has an even stro ... | 2008 | 18284596 |
| multigene analysis suggests ecological speciation in the fungal pathogen claviceps purpurea. | claviceps purpurea is an important pathogen of grasses and source of novel chemical compounds. three groups within this species (g1, g2 and g3) have been recognized based on habitat association, sclerotia and conidia morphology, as well as alkaloid production. these groups have further been supported by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers, suggesting this species may be more accurately described as a species complex. however, a ... | 2008 | 18373531 |
| claviceps nigricans and claviceps grohii: their alkaloids and phylogenetic placement. | claviceps purpurea, c. grohii, c. zizaniae, c. cyperi, and c. nigricans are closely related ergot fungi and form a monophyletic clade inside the genus claviceps. analysis of alkaloid content in c. nigricans sclerotia using uplc detected ergocristine (1), ergosine (2), alpha-ergocryptine (3), and ergocristam (4). alkaloids 1, 3, and 4 were found in the sclerotia of c. grohii. the content of 4 in the mixture of alkaloids from c. nigricans and c. grohii (over 8% and over 20%, respectively) was unus ... | 2008 | 18461998 |
| an oleate hydroxylase from the fungus claviceps purpurea: cloning, functional analysis, and expression in arabidopsis. | claviceps purpurea, a fungal pathogen responsible for ergot diseases in many agriculturally important cereal crops, produces high levels of ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxyoctadec-cis-9-enoic acid) in its sclerotia. it has been believed for many years that the biosynthesis of this fatty acid in c. purpurea involves a hydration process with linoleic acid as the substrate. using degenerate polymerase chain reaction, we cloned a gene from the sclerotia encoding an enzyme (cpfah) that has high sequence s ... | 2008 | 18467452 |
| cellular volume determination of fungus claviceps purpurea sclerotic cells. | | 1986 | 18555306 |
| mathematical modeling of growth and alkaloid production in claviceps purpurea batch fermentation. | an new systematic approach for describing claviceps purpurea growth and ergot alkaloid production during batch fermentation is presented. the model is based on microbial life, as the main characteristic for microbial development during fermentation process. the aging process of the microorganism is represented by life function, defined in microbial life space. the life space is defined as a measure in which the observer follows the development of a biosystem through physiological and morphologic ... | 1993 | 18609581 |
| lactam ergot alkaloids (ergopeptams) as predominant alkaloids in sclerotia of claviceps purpurea from norwegian wild grasses. | four major alkaloids in the extracts from sclerotia of claviceps purpurea, picked from wild grasses, have been identified as lactam (non-cyclol) ergot alkaloids. the structural information was obtained from ion trap ms and nmr spectroscopy. the data for one of the lactam ergot alkaloids were coinciding with ergocristam [n-(lysergyl-valyl)-cyclo(phenylalanyl-prolyl)]. the structural information of two further lactam alkaloids was suggestive of either alpha- or beta-ergocryptam [n-(lysergyl-valyl) ... | 2008 | 18639312 |
| the nadph oxidase cpnox1 is required for full pathogenicity of the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. | the role of reactive oxygen species (ros) in interactions between phytopathogenic fungi and their hosts is well established. an oxidative burst mainly caused by superoxide formation by membrane-associated nadph oxidases is an essential element of plant defence reactions. apart from primary effects, ros play a major role as a second messenger in host response. recently, nadph oxidase (nox)-encoding genes have been identified in filamentous fungi. functional analyses have shown that these fungal e ... | 2008 | 18705873 |
| genetic variation for resistance to ergot (claviceps purpurea [fr.] tul.) among full-sib families of five populations of winter rye (secale cereale l.). | ergot (claviceps purpurea [fr.] tul.) is a serious disease of rye (secale cereale l.) and it adversely affects the quality of grain. the present investigation was undertaken to study genotypic variability among full-sib families (fsf) of five open-pollinated (op) winter rye populations of highly diverse origin, namely dankovskie selekcyine (poland), charkovskaja (ukraine), nem4 (russia), halo and carokurz, both from germany. about 50 fsf were developed at random in each population, and the fsf o ... | 2008 | 18797841 |
| the xylanolytic system of claviceps purpurea: cytological evidence for secretion of xylanases in infected rye tissue and molecular characterization of two xylanase genes. | abstract claviceps purpurea is a common phytopathogenic fungus that colonizes ovarian tissue of grasses. a concerted approach involving cytological and molecular techniques was initiated to investigate the role of the fungus' xylanolytic system in the interaction. using enzyme-gold and immuno-gold electron-microscopic techniques, the presence of arabinoxylans in cell walls of rye ovarian tissues (i.e., along the usual path of infection of c. purpurea) was confirmed; tissue-print and immunostaini ... | 1998 | 18944813 |