| role of delayed hypersensitivity in blastomycosis of mice. | c57bl/6j mice rendered hypersensitive to blastomyces dermatitidis were protected from the lethal effects of a blastomyces infection. this protection was observed following a lethal intraperitoneal challenge with viable cells 15 days after subcutaneous inoculation with 3.9 x 10(4) viable cells. delayed hypersensitivity was induced in c57 mice by two injections of merthiolate-killed cells in adjuvant or by a single injection of viable cells. development of hypersensitivity was determined at approp ... | 1973 | 4713689 |
| blastomyces dermatitidis in cytologic preparations. | | 1973 | 4715963 |
| amphotericin pharmacophobia. | five cases are described in which fear of the possibly hazardous effects of giving amphotericin to patients with kidney disease resulted in death from progressive infection by an amphotericin-sensitive fungus (cryptococcus neoformans in three cases, blastomyces dermatitidis in one case, and histoplasma capsulatum in one case). | 1973 | 4758449 |
| soil streptomycetes and bacteria related to lysis of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1973 | 4765981 |
| geographic distribution of "plus" and "minus" isolates of blastomyces (ajellomyces) dermatitidis in north america. | | 1973 | 4780929 |
| in vivo and in vitro activation of pulmonary macrophages by ifn-gamma for enhanced killing of paracoccidioides brasiliensis or blastomyces dermatitidis. | the fungicidal capacity of murine pulmonary macrophages (pum) activated in vitro with ifn or lymphokines or in vivo with ifn was studied. pum treated overnight with ifn (1000 u/ml), con a-stimulated spleen cell culture supernatants, or lymph node cells plus con a significantly killed yeast cells of the gar w isolate of paracoccidioides brasiliensis 45.5 +/- 2.1%, 72.0 +/- 4.2%, and 51.5 +/- 0.7% respectively. two other isolates of p. brasiliensis (ru and la) were also killed (45 and 34%) by pum ... | 1988 | 3128610 |
| chitin synthetase from the yeast and mycelial phases of blastomyces dermatitidis. | chitin synthetase (e.c.2.4.1.16) from mixed membrane fractions of the yeast and mycelial phases of blastomyces dermatitidis were compared. the behavior of the enzyme from both phases was very similar: n-acetylglucosamine was stimulatory (km 8.5 mm for yeast and 3.9 mm for mycelium); substrate michaelis-menten kinetics were sigmoidal; substrate km of enzyme from yeast decreased from 3.0 mm at low n-acetylglucosamine (5 mm) levels to 1.4 mm at high (100 mm) levels; substrate km of enzyme from myce ... | 1985 | 3159966 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of clotrimazole (bay b 5097). | the in vitro antifungal activity of clotrimazole (bay b 5097) was compared with those of amphotericin b, griseofulvin, nystatin, and pyrrolnitrin. the inhibitory activity of clotrimazole against most systemic pathogens was comparable to that of amphotericin b; minimal inhibitory concentrations of the two drugs for blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, sporothrix schenckii, cryptococcus neoformans, and coccidioides immitis were in the range of 0.20 to 3.13 and 0.10 to 6.25 mug/ml, res ... | 1971 | 4949484 |
| serological response of rhesus monkeys to histoplasma, blastomyces, and coccidioides antigens. | fifteen adult rhesus monkeys were inoculated with nonviable histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, or coccidioides immitis. antibody assays were made periodically during a 2-year period by use of a complement-fixation (cf) test employing four antigens and a latex-agglutination test. selected sera were also studied in an immunodiffusion test and a coccidioidin-precipitin test. the serological patterns obtained with the anti-histoplasma, anti-blastomyces, and anti-coccidioides monkey se ... | 1967 | 4961413 |
| cytolytic plasma factor in experimental coccidioidomycosis. | peripheral blood leukocytes from guinea pigs infected with coccidioides immitis 5 weeks previously were lysed significantly when incubated at 37 c for 3.5 hr with a concentrated c. immitis culture filtrate, but not with a concentrated aspergillus fumigatus or blastomyces dermatitidis culture filtrate. mononuclear leukocytes and presumably granulocytes were both lysed. characterization of the factor responsible for this leukocytolysis reaction revealed that it was contained in plasma and serum bu ... | 1967 | 4963788 |
| protein constituents of cell walls of the dimorphic phases of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1972 | 5022061 |
| deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of the yeastlike and mycelial phases of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. | the base composition in moles percent guanine plus cytosine (%gc) of both nuclear and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) isolated from the yeastlike and mycelial phases of the dimorphic fungal pathogens histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis was determined by techniques of thermal denaturation and cscl buoyant density gradient equilibrium centrifugation. the mean observed values for gc content of nuclear dna from h. capsulatum and b. dermatitidis were 47.3 and 48.2%, respecti ... | 1972 | 5053471 |
| frequency of isolation of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis from dogs in kentucky. | | 1972 | 5058530 |
| the readily extracted lipids of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1971 | 5089693 |
| blastomycosis presenting as polyarticular septic arthritis. | articular infection with blastomyces dermatitidis frequently is difficult to diagnose as it resembles bacterial arthritis in several ways. this report of an elderly man who had initially monoarticular and eventually polyarticular arthritis illustrates the clinical and laboratory findings that should suggest blastomycosis. treatment with amphotericin b and ketoconazole in sequence led to complete resolution of the infection. | 1988 | 3199404 |
| genetic analysis on the incompatibility system of ajellomyces dermatitidis. | | 1971 | 5135086 |
| fungal-strain-dependent alterations in the time course and mortality of chronic murine pulmonary blastomycosis. | intratracheal injection of 10(4) conidia of blastomyces dermatitidis strain m1-a into mice was shown in previous work to induce chronic pulmonary and disseminated infection with histopathologic features of chronic human blastomycosis. furthermore, 10-fold variations in inoculum density produced marked changes in mean survival times (msts), i.e., 32 days at 10(6), 36 days at 10(5), 97 days at 10(4), and 172 days at 10(3). a second strain (m1-b) failed to induce death in this model. to assess fung ... | 1988 | 3335407 |
| immunoidentification of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis with commercial exoantigen reagents. effect of culture age. | we have studied the effect of the length of incubation on the reliability of commercial exoantigen test reagents (nolan/scott biological laboratories inc, and immuno-mycologics inc). antigen extracts, tested in each commercial system, were prepared from duplicate sets of cultures of histoplasma capsulatum (12 isolates) and of blastomyces dermatitidis (11 isolates) after one to six weeks of growth. for isolates of h capsulatum, antigens necessary for immunoidentification were detected in most cul ... | 1988 | 3358653 |
| the susceptibility of blastomyces dermatitidis to drying. | | 1967 | 5338714 |
| [antigenic study of agents causing deep fungal infections by comparative analysis of culture media. i. histoplasma capsulatum and h. duboisii. relationship with h. farciminosum, gymnoascus demonbreunii, blastomyces dermatitidis and paracoccidioides brasiliensis]. | | 1969 | 5371826 |
| blastomyces dermatitidis meningoencephalitis in a dog. | | 1969 | 5388553 |
| severe uterine hemorrhage from blastomycosis of the endometrium. a case report. | a 32-year-old black woman presented in the emergency room with vaginal bleeding. physical examination revealed a granulomatous lesion on the thigh and a breast abscess. histopathologic examination and culture of an endometrial biopsy revealed blastomyces dermatitidis. the breast abscess and thigh lesion were found to contain b. dermatitidis as well. | 1987 | 3572911 |
| filamentous forms of blastomyces dermatitidis in mouse lung. light and electron microscopy. | | 1970 | 5418299 |
| comparison of infection of laboratory animals with blastomyces dermatitidis using different routes of inoculation. | | 1970 | 5418318 |
| electronmicroscopy of self-parasitism by histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1970 | 5470550 |
| susceptibility of laboratory animals to blastomyces dermatitidis using different routes of inoculation. | | 1970 | 5496705 |
| comparison of macrocomplement and microcomplement fixation techniques used in fungus serology. | a comparative evaluation was performed on the micro- and macrocomplement fixation (cf) tests that are used as standard procedures in the serodiagnosis of blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis. tests with 937 sera from suspected and culturally proven cases of these diseases against yeast-form antigens of blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum and against the soluble antigens, coccidioidin and histoplasmin, revealed that the microtiters were within +/- 1 dilution of th ... | 1970 | 5498606 |
| detection of histoplasmal antigens in mice undergoing experimental pulmonary histoplasmosis. | a micro-elisa assay was developed for the quantitation of histoplasma capsulatum antigen in lungs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf), and serum of intranasally infected mice. as little as 0.2 ng of antigen/ml could be detected. during the course of experimental histoplasmosis, immunologically intact, thymus-containing mice (nu/+) had detectable histoplasmal antigens in their lungs, serum, and balf within 1 day of challenge. lung, balf, and serum antigen concentration rose to a peak 2 wk after ... | 1985 | 4051311 |
| blastomycosis-epidemiology and biology of its etiologic agent ajellomyces dermatitidis. | | 1970 | 5535368 |
| polymorphism of malate dehydrogenase in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1971 | 5553909 |
| cell wall composition of the yeastlike and mycelial forms of blastomyces dermatitidis. | the thermally induced changes in the cell wall polysaccharides of blastomyces dermatitidis strain bd64, which produces a yeastlike form (y form) at 37 c and a mycelial form (m form) at 20 c, were examined. the cell walls of the y and m forms contained 36 and 51% of hexoses, respectively. the m-form cell wall contained glucose, galactose, and mannose in a molar ratio of 1:0.1:0.2. the y-form cell wall contained mainly glucose and a very small amount of galactose and mannose. the glucans of the ce ... | 1971 | 5557599 |
| blastomyces dermatitidis infection in the congo. report of a second autochthonous case. | | 1968 | 5637024 |
| the ascigerous stage of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1968 | 5644961 |
| disseminated blastomyces dermatitidis infection in a non-endemic area. a case report. | in areas where tuberculosis is endemic other causes of respiratory infection are often overlooked. a pulmonary infiltrate associated with skin lesions without a microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis should arouse suspicion of a fungal infection. this was demonstrated in a patient in whom blastomyces dermatitidis, a rare pathogen in southern africa, was isolated. | 1987 | 3589869 |
| respiratory infection of laboratory animals with conidia of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1968 | 5700465 |
| [1st case of blastomycosis due to blastomyces dermatitidis observed in mozambique. cure by amphotericin b]. | | 1968 | 5755458 |
| [blastomycosis caused by blastomyces dermatitidis. its existence in africa]. | | 1968 | 5758395 |
| protoplasts of systemic dimorphic fungal pathogens: histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1969 | 5768613 |
| in vitro and in vivo activity of hamycin against blastomyces dermatitidis. | clinical responses of patients with blastomycosis to treatment with hamycin have been variable. an explanation for this was sought in a series of studies in which in vitro and in vivo susceptibilities to hamycin of five strains of blastomyces dermatitidis were compared. minimal inhibitory concentrations of hamycin for the five strains indicated uniformly high levels of in vitro susceptibility (0.008 to 0.016 mug/ml). in vivo activity was measured in infected mice treated intraperitoneally for a ... | 1969 | 5773006 |
| cell wall composition of the yeast and mycelial forms of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. | isolation and chemical analyses of the cell walls of the yeast (y form) and mycelial forms (m form) of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and blastomyces dermatitidis revealed that their chemical composition is similar and depends on the form. lipids, chitin, glucans, and proteins are the main constituents of the cell walls of both forms of these fungi. there is no significant difference in the amount of lipids (5 to 10%) and glucans (36 to 47%) contained by the two forms. in both fungi, the y form h ... | 1969 | 5776517 |
| community-acquired fungal pneumonias. | histoplasma capsulatum, coccidioides immitis, blastomyces dermatitidis, and cryptococcus neoformans can cause acute community-acquired pneumonia. all are soil-dwelling fungi and disturbance of contaminated soil is necessary for infection in man. each has particular epidemiologic considerations that may offer a clue to diagnosis, but the clinical presentation is not sufficiently characteristic to be of diagnostic help. infection may produce variable symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic skin test c ... | 1989 | 2652235 |
| [fungistatic and fungicidal effect of phenol, lysol and formaldehyde on the fungi coccidioides immitis 7-86, histoplasma capsulatum 6652, and blastomyces dermatitidis 6064]. | | 1969 | 5787564 |
| diagnostic possibilities of utilizing precipitation in agar for the identification of histoplasma capsulatum, coccidioides immitis, blastomyces dermatitidis and paracoccidioides brasiliensis. | | 1966 | 5950913 |
| a comparison of the relative suceptibilities of laboratory animals to infection with the mycelial phase of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1966 | 5977761 |
| endogenous mycotic panophthalmitis caused by blastomyces dermatitidis. report of a case and a review of the literature. | | 1967 | 6019015 |
| blastomyces dermatitidis: production of the sexual stage. | growth of five combinations of strains of blastomyces dermatitidis in paired cultures on yeast-extract agar, plus bone meal, yielded the perfect stage for the first time. these cleistothecia, apparently of a new genus, produced eight spored asci. monoascospore cultures developed hyphae and conidia typical of b. dermatitidis. mice were successfully infected with inocula from a monoascospore culture. | 1967 | 6021679 |
| experimental infection of bats (tadarida brasiliensis) with blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1967 | 6025762 |
| cell wall changes during the budding process of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and blastomyces dermatitidis. | the difference between the budding process of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and blastomyces dermatitidis is reported herein. a characteristic feature in p. brasiliensis is that the optical density of the cell wall increases at the site where budding begins and at the neck of the dividing cell, whereas b. dermatitidis does not undergo this alteration. the neck which is formed between the mother and daughter cell at the site of division is much wider in b. dermatitidis than in p. brasiliensis. the ... | 1967 | 6027991 |
| effect of continuous and intermittent elevated temperatures on the in vitro growth of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1967 | 6036224 |
| case report: blastomycosis causing sciatic neuritis. | a patient presented with pain in the right lower back, radiating down the right leg. initial pelvic x-rays did not reveal any lesion. a follow up computerized tomography (ct) scan and technitium scan showed a sharply lytic lesion of the right ilium extending to the right sacroiliac joint. open biopsy revealed a granulomatous inflammation with many budding yeast from consistent with blastomyces dermatitidis. subsequent culture confirmed this identification. there was no other site of fungal infec ... | 1984 | 6088984 |
| in vitro studies with r 51,211 (itraconazole). | the in vitro activity of r 51,211 (itraconazole, accepted generic name; janssen pharmaceutica, beerse, belgium), a new orally active triazole, was compared with those of two existing orally active azoles, ketoconazole and bay n 7133, and a topical agent, ro 14-4767/002. an agar dilution procedure (kimmig agar) was performed with 148 isolates of pathogenic fungi. incubation was at 30 degrees c from 48 h to 7 days. r 51,211 was dissolved in 0.2 n hcl in absolute ethanol, ketoconazole was dissolved ... | 1984 | 6089654 |
| cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (c-amp) as a factor in phase morphogenesis of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1984 | 6090894 |
| new, special stain for histopathological diagnosis of cryptococcosis. | the masson-fontana silver stain for melanin was employed for the differentiation of pathogenic fungal species in human or mouse tissues. the fungi studied were candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata (torulopsis glabrata), cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcus bacillisporus, coccidioides immitis, blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, sporothrix schenckii, rhizopus rhizopodiformis, and aspergillus fumigatus. the tissue sections stained wit ... | 1981 | 6162857 |
| antigens from histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. i. immunological comparative studies from polysaccharide-protein complexes of both fungi. | certain groups of fungi share chemical structures which makes difficult isolation and differentiation of specific antigens by the usual methods of extraction and purification. therefore, we have oriented our studies to the immunological and biochemical characterization of differences and similarities of molecular structures from fungi, etiologic agents of systemic mycoses, hoping to establish criteria for the utilization and handling of these antigens. a deproteinized polysaccharide-protein comp ... | 1982 | 6178974 |
| acid-fastness of fungi in blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. | in 60% of the infections caused by blastomyces dermatitidis and in 47% of the infections caused by histoplasma capsulatum, some of the organisms are acid-fast in tissue sections. treatment with 1n hydrochloric acid at 60 degrees c abolishes the acid-fastness of h capsulatum, which indicates that the acid-fastness may be related to mycolic acid. organisms of b dermatitidis, however, remain acid-fast in 83% of the sections treated with acid. the presence of acid-fastness in small cells can aid in ... | 1982 | 6180697 |
| relationship of progesterone- and estradiol-binding proteins in coccidioides immitis to coccidioidal dissemination in pregnancy. | pregnancy is a major risk factor for coccidioidal dissemination. because rates of coccidioides immitis growth and endospore release are stimulated in vitro by levels of unbound progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol that are achievable, in vivo, in the sera of pregnant women (i.e., 10(-9) to 10(-8) m), a specific-hormone-binding system in c. immitis was sought. fungal cytosols were incubated with tritiated steroids plus or minus radioinert steroids to identify specific binding systems. all five stra ... | 1983 | 6188699 |
| ultrastructural aspects of cytoplasmic ribosomes from histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis as revealed by heavy metal staining. | cytoplasmic ribosomes were isolated and purified from sonicates of the mycelial and yeastlike growth forms of the pathogenic dimorphic fungi, histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. similar ribosomal fractions were prepared from neurospora crassa and saccharomyces cerevisiae. these latter organisms were selected as typical filamentous and yeastlike monophasic fungi, and their ribosomes were used as reference standards. high resolution electron microscopy permitted a comparison of bo ... | 1984 | 6206396 |
| specificity of antigens from pathogenic aspergillus species. i. studies with elisa and immunofluorescence. | studies were made by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests on the reactivities and specificities of 13 antigens prepared from four species of aspergillus against antisera from immunized rabbits and 64 sera from patients with aspergillosis, other systemic mycoses and nocardiosis. although reactions in both serological tests were invariably strongest with homologous antigen: antibody systems, antisera from rabbits immunized with a. fumigatus, blast ... | 1984 | 6209813 |
| hydroxamate siderophore production by opportunistic and systemic fungal pathogens. | it has been suggested that siderophores may function as virulence factors. there have been few studies on production of siderophores by opportunistic and pathogenic fungi. we examined siderophore production by absidia corymbifera, aspergillus niger, rhizopus arrhizus, rhizopus oryzae, blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, sporothrix schenickii, candida albicans, and trichophyton mentagrophytes. fungi were cultured at 37 and 27 degrees c in a chemically defined low-iron media (0.2 mic ... | 1983 | 6221998 |
| mycelial- to yeast-phase transitions of the dimorphic fungi blastomyces dermatitidis and paracoccidioides brasiliensis. | the physiological changes that occur during the mycelial- to yeast-phase transitions induced by a temperature shift from 25 to 37 degrees c of cultures of blastomyces dermatitidis and paracoccidioides brasiliensis can be divided into three stages. the triggering event is a heat-related insult induced by the temperature shift which results in partial uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and declines in cellular atp levels, respiration rates, and concentrations of electron transport components ... | 1987 | 3624202 |
| splenic abscess caused by blastomyces dermatitidis. | we have reported a case of fungal splenic abscess caused by blastomyces dermatitidis. splenic abscess is an uncommon disorder, and fungus as the causative organism is rare. the diagnosis of splenic abscess can be rapidly made with radionuclide and ct scanning and ultrasonography. splenectomy with appropriate antifungal chemotherapy is the currently recommended therapy. | 1986 | 3715545 |
| molecular aspects of fungal dimorphism. | the approach to this article will be the review of experimental developments achieved in recent years in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, ultrastructure, etc. and that have suggested models and hypothesis in order to understand the regulation of the molecular mechanisms involved in fungal differentiation. since fungal dimorphism has been seen by many investigators as a useful model of differentiation in eukaryotic systems, and also because of the prevalence of dimorphism among huma ... | 1984 | 6329600 |
| detection of fungi in cerebrospinal fluid. | with the exception of cryptococcus neoformans, fungi are rarely detected in cerebrospinal fluid obtained from patients having or suspected of having fungal meningitis. a review of the literature reveals that several fungi have been either isolated, observed, or both in cerebrospinal fluid specimens. these fungi include acremonium species, aspergillus amstelodami, a. flavus, a. fumigatus, a. oryzae, a. terreus, blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, c. tropicalis, c. viswanathii, coccidioide ... | 1983 | 6349340 |
| ketoconazole therapy for endemic blastomycosis. | amphotericin b is effective in therapy for blastomycosis but causes a number of serious adverse reactions. because ketoconazole has in-vitro activity against blastomyces dermatitidis, we administered this agent in a dosage of 400 mg/d to 46 patients with blastomycosis, with 43 patients receiving at least 1 month of therapy. thirty-five patients had cure without relapse over a mean follow-up of 17 months. six had a relapse of infection but 4 of these had been noncompliant with therapy. two patien ... | 1985 | 4062088 |
| isolation of skin test-active preparations from yeast-phase cells of blastomyces dermatitidis. | cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions were isolated from mechanically disrupted yeast-phase cells of blastomyces dermatitidis in an effort to obtain a reliable skin-test antigen. the biological activities of these fractions were compared with those of two blastomycin preparations. the cytoplasmic antigens exhibited a low index of specificity yet exceeded the specificities of the blastomycins. the skin test-active component(s) of the cytoplasmic material had a molecular weight between 10,000 and 30 ... | 1974 | 4135392 |
| effects of culture filtrates of blastomyces dermatitidis on neutrophil locomotion. | a potent chemotactic activity for neutrophils is detectable in liquid culture filtrates of blastomyces dermatitidis. the production of this activity is medium-dependent and culture age-dependent. the highest levels of cytotaxin were produced in filtrates of b. dermatitidis grown in tissue culture medium 199 for three or more weeks. this factor(s) stimulates directed as well as random migration. it functions directly and independently of serum. it is stable at -20 degrees c and 56 degrees c, and ... | 1984 | 6374935 |
| immunological activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils for fungal killing: studies with murine cells and blastomyces dermatitidis in vitro. | the interaction of elicited murine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) and the thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen blastomyces dermatitidis in vitro was studied. the pmn elicited intraperitoneally with thioglycollate, in normal mice or mice immune to b dermatitidis, failed to reduce colony forming units (cfu) of b dermatitidis in the inoculum in a 4-hr in vitro assay, even in the presence of 10% fresh immune serum. in contrast, pmn elicited intraperitoneally in immune mice by injection of nonvia ... | 1984 | 6384406 |
| the epidemiology and ecology of blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis. | blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are the major pulmonary mycoses of humans. each is considered to be a primary pulmonary disease acquired by inhalation of infectious spores from the environment. blastomycosis occurs predominantly in the mississippi river valley and southeastern portions of the u.s.a. clinical cases have also been noted from a few other areas of the world. the etiologic agent, blastomyces dermatitidis, is not readily recoverable from nature, but the disease is ... | 1984 | 6385560 |
| fungal splenic abscess. | nineteen patients with fungal splenic abscesses included 16 with leukemia, one drug user, one patient with cushing's syndrome, and one without predisposing causes. fifteen had persistent fever; six had esophageal or mucocutaneous candidiasis. abdominal pain occurred in seven patients, splenomegaly occurred in six, and left abdominal mass occurred in one. three chest x-ray films showed left pleural effusions; two had elevated left hemidiaphragms, two had left-sided infiltrates, and one was normal ... | 1984 | 6385895 |
| antigenic relationship between american and african isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis as determined by immunofluorescence. | the antigenic relationship between american and african isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis was investigated through the use of the fluorescent antibody technique. preliminary results suggest that the american and african isolates studies are not antigenically identical. the american isolates share antigens with the african ones; however, it appears that they also possess distinct antigens. additional studies are necessary to confirm these findings and to draw any conclusion whether the african ... | 1974 | 4596385 |
| evaluation of a commercial exoantigen test system for the rapid identification of systemic fungal pathogens. | seventy-nine mycelial-form stock cultures of blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum, and morphologically similar fungi were extracted and tested by using commercial macroimmunodiffusion exoantigen test kits and the centers for disease control (cdc) reference system for identifying fungal isolates. results showed 100% correlation between the two systems. specific exoantigens of c. immitis and h. capsulatum extracted from agar slant cultures (slant extraction method ... | 1983 | 6402920 |
| counterimmunoelectrophoresis (immunoelectroosmosis) and serum electrophoretic pattern in serologic diagnosis of canine blastomycosis. | counterimmunoelectrophoresis (ciep) with blastomyces and histoplasma antigens was used in a serologic study of 181 dogs clinically suspected of having blastomycosis and of 8 dogs with confirmed blastomycosis or histoplasmosis. thirteen of the 181 dogs, positive by ciep, were euthanatized, and the diagnosis was confirmed by cultivation and/or microscopic detection of blastomyces dermatitidis. additional ciep-positive dogs were confirmed by staining of aspirates collected in vivo. radiographic sup ... | 1983 | 6402960 |
| exoantigen tests for the immunoidentification of fungal cultures. | exoantigen tests for the immunoidentification of fungal pathogens are playing a new and significant role in the diagnostic laboratory. properly performed and controlled exoantigen tests lead to rapid, accurate identification of cultures of many fungal pathogens. the tests are particularly valuable in identifying dimorphic pathogens that are difficult to convert or with atypical cultures. we review the value of exoantigen tests for identifying mycelial form fungi: aspergillus spp. blastomyces der ... | 1983 | 6410243 |
| histologic reactions to cell walls of an avirulent and a virulent strain of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1974 | 4810940 |
| survival of blastomyces dermatitidis in the gastrointestinal tract of an orally infected insectivorous bat, rhinopoma hardwickei hardwickei gray. | the survival of blastomyces dermatitidis with markedly reduced population, in the gastrointestinal tract and faeces of rhinopoma hardwickei orally infected with 2.5 x 10(5) colony forming units of the fungus, is reported. b. dermatitidis was cultured from the stomach, intestine and faeces up to 16-24 h and from rectum up to 48 h post infection. the results demonstrate that orally infected r. hardwickei hardwickei bats transiently shed b. dermatitidis through their faeces but the significance of ... | 1986 | 3746588 |
| immunohistopathological studies of blastomycosis: the use of labeled specific antigens in a hamster model of disease. | we applied a modified immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase method, utilizing labeled blastomyces dermatitidis antigens, to look for specific antibody-bearing b/plasma cells in the tissue infiltrates of blastomycosis lesions induced in hamsters. no specific anti-blastomyces antibodies were detectable by this method, although such antibodies were present in blood samples as demonstrated by routine immunodiffusion techniques. these studies suggest that humoral immune reactions do not play a majo ... | 1984 | 6427614 |
| vertebral north american blastomycosis. | a single case of back pain due to blastomyces dermatitidis infection limited solely to the skeleton is reported with a discussion of the differential diagnosis. this rare disease must be differentiated from other destructive bone lesions such as tuberculosis or tumors because of the availability of effective treatment. | 1980 | 6445602 |
| medium for susceptibility testing and yeast phase conversion of blastomyces dermatitidis. | cottonseed protein agar and a modified tween-albumin casein hydrolysate (tac) medium were compared for the yeast phase conversion of blastomyces dermatitidis strains including fresh isolates as well as strains maintained in long-term storage. it was found that both media converted all the b. dermatitidis (mycelial phase) strains studied to yeast phase in three days. the tac medium has the added advantage that it is clear and the growth can be recognized earlier than in the opaque cottonseed agar ... | 1986 | 3762656 |
| the spectrum and significance of pleural disease in blastomycosis. | to determine the incidence and significance of pleural disease in blastomycosis, we reviewed the chest roentgenograms and medical records of 26 consecutive patients with biopsy- or culture-proved blastomyces dermatitidis infection. twenty-three of the 26 (88 percent) had radiographic evidence of blastomycotic pleural disease. pleural reaction that regressed on therapy was mild (less than 1.0 cm thickening on epa chest film) in 12. more extensive pleural thickening (1.5 to 3.0 cm) was observed in ... | 1984 | 6478898 |
| chronic murine pulmonary blastomycosis induced by intratracheally inoculated blastomyces dermatitidis conidia. | groups of 6-wk-old male balb/cbyj mice were injected intratracheally (it) with viable conidia from blastomyces dermatitidis strains (fw or cr) harvested from 2-wk-old cultures (pine-drouhet agar at 30 degrees c) and separated from hyphal elements by polycarbonate filtration (5 micron). inocula (0.05 ml) were 93 to 97% conidia in nonpyrogenic normal saline (npns) with greater than 90% viability. quantitative cultures of the lungs and trachea of mice killed immediately after injection of 10(4) con ... | 1987 | 3800145 |
| epidemic of pulmonary blastomycosis (namekagon fever) in wisconsin canoeists. | epidemics of pulmonary blastomycosis have rarely been reported. the following epidemic occurred in a minnesota family and several of their acquaintances after a canoeing trip in northwestern wisconsin. the common exposure area was most likely a campsite, located along the upper reaches of the namekagon river. the namekagon river valley is a known endemic area of namekagon fever (blastomycosis) in dogs. approximately one month after returning home, five of the eight members of the group had posit ... | 1984 | 6488903 |
| imported paracoccidioidomycosis: a public health problem in non-endemic areas. | diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis in an immigrant who had returned to italy following a long sojourn in venezuela prompted a review of imported cases of this latin american disease in nonendemic countries. forty-two such instances of well-documented paracoccidioidomycosis were complied. among these, eleven individuals had arrived in nonendemic countries with active symptomatic infections, fifteen others were first suspected of having tuberculosis, and four each were considered to have blastomy ... | 1985 | 3842116 |
| treatment of systemic mycoses with ketoconazole: in vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates of systemic and pathogenic fungi to ketoconazole. | ketoconazole was tested in vitro in three different media against 69 isolates of pathogenic fungi by using a macro-broth dilution procedure. the dimorphic systemic pathogens were highly susceptible, with most isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum being inhibited and killed by concentrations less than or equal to 0.39 micrograms of ketoconazole/ml. most isolates of coccidioides immitis were also inhibited or killed by 0.39 micrograms of ketoconazole/ml; however, several ... | 1985 | 3905985 |
| live blastomyces dermatitidis yeast-induced responses of immune and nonimmune human mononuclear cells. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells from humans with treated blastomycosis or from normal persons were cultured with live blastomyces dermatitidis yeast. there was no inhibition of growth of the fungus in this suspension culture technique but morphologic and functional differences of the human cells were great between the two groups. lymphocyte stimulation by live blastomyces yeast was found in the patient group but not in the normal donors. these events add to the observations that cellular immu ... | 1984 | 6513994 |
| ultrastructural changes in blastomyces dermatitidis after in vitro exposure to lidocaine. | electron microscopic examination of yeasts of blastomyces dermatitidis, exposed in vitro to concentrations of lidocaine that occur when the drug is used for topical anesthesia, showed that lidocaine rapidly damaged intracellular structures. the extent of damage was dependent on the concentration of drug and length of exposure. the observed ultrastructural changes were very similar to those reported for other drugs that directly damage membranes. this relationship suggests that the antifungal eff ... | 1984 | 6527699 |
| the iron-hydrogen peroxide-iodide system is fungicidal: activity against the yeast phase of blastomyces dermatitidis. | a series of experiments show the potency of a newly described microbicidal system, involving iron, h2o2, and halide, in killing a fungus (blastomyces dermatitidis). b dermatitidis has previously been shown susceptible to the myeloperoxidase-h2o2-halide system. the present studies show killing of either of two strains in 1 hour if fe++ at 5 x 10(-5)m, h2o2 at 5 x 10(-5)m and kl at 5 x 10(-4)m are all present (p less than 0.001). edta, a fe++ chelator, abrogates killing. the mechanism presumably u ... | 1984 | 6592286 |
| blastomycosis of the eyelid. | an 84-year-old man had a verrucous lesion of the left lower eyelid that caused progressive ectropion. cultures of the lesion taken at the time of surgical excision demonstrated blastomyces dermatitidis. histologically, the excised tissue demonstrated pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, a characteristic change of cutaneous blastomycosis. | 1986 | 3942552 |
| fungicidal activity of murine broncho-alveolar macrophages against blastomyces dermatitidis. | the fungicidal activity of murine broncho-alveolar macrophages (bam) against the yeast form of a virulent strain of blastomyces dermatitidis was studied in the small-volume wells of a terasaki plate. in a 4-h fungicidal assay, significant killing (16-33%) of the fungus by unstimulated bam was demonstrated with bam from normal mice and from mice rendered immune to lethal infection with b. dermatitidis. no significant differences between the activity of bam from these two sources could be identifi ... | 1986 | 3950963 |
| enhancing effect of murine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) on the multiplication of blastomyces dermatitidis in vitro and in vivo. | the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of murine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) on the multiplication of the fungal pathogen blastomyces dermatitidis in vitro and in vivo. with a newly devised method, pmn were obtained in adequate numbers (7 x 10(6) per mouse) and purity (92%) for these studies. in 24 h co-cultures pmn, but not lymph node cells (lnc), enhanced the replication of virulent (v) and avirulent (av) strains of b. dermatitidis 61% and 34%, respectively. in 72 h co-c ... | 1983 | 6652972 |
| reliability of exoantigens for differentiating blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum from chrysosporium and geomyces species. | a recent study suggested that chrysosporium species have the same diagnostic antigens as histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis and, thus, compromise the antigenic identification of these pathogens. in light of these findings, studies were undertaken to determine the reliability of the exoantigen tests for identifying b. dermatitidis and h. capsulatum organisms from cultures. sixty-three slant or shake culture extracts, or both, were derived from c. asperatum, c. keratinophilum, c. ... | 1986 | 3956141 |
| cultural and histopathologic confirmation of canine blastomycosis diagnosed by an agar-gel immunodiffusion test. | sixteen sera from 17 dogs with blastomycosis produced a precipitin band identical with the diagnostically significant precipitin a band formed by a blastomyces dermatitidis reference antiserum and a soluble b dermatitidis yeast-form antigen in the agar-gel immunodiffusion test (94% sensitivity). the other serum from a dog with histopathologic demonstration of b dermatitidis in pulmonic tissues produced an unrelated precipitin band. sixteen of the 17 diagnoses made by the detection of precipitin ... | 1980 | 6778271 |
| serologic response in blastomycosis: diagnostic value of double immunodiffusion assay. | double immunodiffusion (did) is a useful, inexpensive antibody screening test that is more specific than complement fixation for blastomycosis. seven of 10 patients with proved blastomycosis had positive results on did assays for antibody to the a antigen of blastomyces dermatitidis. sputum cytologic examination and skin or other tissue biopsies may be diagnostic if the organism is demonstrated. culture remains the sina qua non of diagnosis, and a negative did test result for a precipitin does n ... | 1981 | 6786147 |
| intracellular growth and phagocytosis of blastomyces dermatitidis by monocyte-derived macrophages from previously infected and normal subjects. | blastomyces dermatitidis evokes responses of human cellular immunity typical of other intracellular fungal pathogens. differences in growth rates of intracellular blastomyces yeast and the differences in amounts of yeast phagocytized by macrophages were determined for macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes from 11 persons with treated blastomycosis and 11 normal, healthy persons. cellular immunity was examined by lymphocyte uptake of [3h]thymidine in response to a specific antigen o ... | 1985 | 3965594 |
| intracellular and extracellular defenses of human phagocytes against blastomyces dermatitidis conidia and yeasts. | the lesions of blastomycosis are characterized by both suppuration and granuloma formation, but the relative roles of human neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages against blastomyces dermatitidis are poorly defined. our studies reveal that b. dermatitidis yeasts are generally too large to be ingested by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns), and are killed predominantly by external pmn attachment and degranulation, whereas conidia are first ingested, then killed. pmn function is maximal in the p ... | 1985 | 3998623 |
| blastomycosis: report of the first case from alberta canada. | the first known case of laboratory confirmed blastomycosis in alberta occurred in 1970. the patient, who is believed never to have left alberta, presented with of headaches, sore neck and impaired intellect. initially, tuberculous or cryptococcal meningitis was suspected, but laboratory findings did not support the diagnosis. a fungus resembling blastomyces dermatitidis was isolated from the venticular cerebrospinal fluid and lung at autopsy. a few yeast cells suggestive of b. dermatitidis were ... | 1982 | 6813742 |
| diagnosis of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis by an antiglobulin hemagglutination test. | an antiglobulin hemagglutination test was developed for detection of antibody directed to histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. the substances responsible for spontaneous agglutination of erythrocytes were removed from histoplasmin and blastomycin by vacuum dialysis, and partial purification of the antigens by gel filtration chromatography on sephadex g-150 allowed removal of additional nonantigenic material which competed with the antigens for binding on the erythrocyte surface. ... | 1982 | 6819794 |
| pulmonary blastomycosis: filamentous forms in an immunocompromised patient with fulminating respiratory failure. | a 72-year-old woman with sjögren's syndrome manifested acute fulminating respiratory failure and was treated with high-dose corticosteroids. autopsy revealed overwhelming pulmonary infection by blastomyces dermatitidis with no evidence of extrapulmonary dissemination. hyphal forms, usually not observed in vivo, were noted in premortem sputum samples as well as in sections of lung obtained at autopsy. it is proposed that the immunocompromised state of the patient played a pathogenetic role in the ... | 1983 | 6832764 |
| activation of peritoneal macrophages by concanavalin a or mycobacterium bovis bcg for fungicidal activity against blastomyces dermatitidis and effect of specific antibody and complement. | with a new short-term assay, where the reduction of cfus in the inoculum could be measured, we investigated the killing of the dimorphic fungal pathogen blastomyces dermatitidis in its yeast phase by murine peritoneal macrophages. peritoneal macrophages from concanavalin a- or mycobacterium bovis bcg-treated mice, but not resident or thioglycolate-elicited macrophages, significantly reduced the cfus of b. dermatitidis in the inoculum. the activation of peritoneal macrophages for fungicidal activ ... | 1983 | 6832821 |
| ultrastructural changes during the yeastlike to mycelial-phase conversion of blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum. | fine details of the sequential anatomical events occurring during yeast to mold morphogenesis of the dimorphic fungal pathogens blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum as seen in ultrathin sections are described and illustrated by electron micrographs. discrete intracytoplasmic membrane systems intimately associated with the plasma membrane were observed to be formed within 6 to 8 hr after induction of the conversion process. within 12 to 18 hr, an intermediate or transitional cell w ... | 1970 | 5413831 |
| evaluation of systemic antifungal agents in x-irradiated mice. | the effect of x irradiation on the survival time of animals experimentally infected with pathogenic fungi was studied, and the activity of antifungal agents in pre-irradiated hosts was evaluated. a 24-hr preinfection dose of x irradiation decreased the survival time of mice infected with cryptococcus neoformans and histoplasma capsulatum to a greater extent than candida albicans or blastomyces dermatitidis infections. exposure to 400 r caused a significant reduction in the variation (s(2)) survi ... | 1970 | 5498613 |