| protection of ultrastructure in chilling-stressed banana leaves by salicylic acid. | chilling tolerance of salicylic acid (sa) in banana seedlings (musa acuminata cv., williams 8818) was investigated by changes in ultrastructure in this study. | 2007 | 17444604 |
| antioxidant capacity of crude extracts from clones of banana and plane species. | banana and plane are the most important fruits in world trade, behind citric plants. in this work we studied the antioxidant capacity of banana and plane varieties of fruits obtained from interspecies crossed varieties of musa acuminata and musa balbisiana, named harton plane, cavendish banana, and manzano banana. with this purpose we evaluated banana and plane crude extracts using the ferrous ion oxidation with xylenol orange method, the thiobarbituric acid method, determination of antioxidant ... | 2006 | 17201639 |
| identification of genes differentially expressed during ripening of banana. | the banana (musa acuminata, subgroup cavendish 'grand nain') is a climacteric fruit of economic importance. a better understanding of the banana ripening process is needed to improve fruit quality and to extend shelf life. eighty-four up-regulated unigenes were identified by differential screening of a banana fruit cdna subtraction library at a late ripening stage. the ripening stages in this study were defined according to the peel color index (pci). unigene sequences were analyzed with differe ... | 2007 | 16934912 |
| structural characterization of lignin from leaf sheaths of "dwarf cavendish" banana plant. | dioxane lignin (dl) isolated from leaf sheaths of banana plant (musa acuminata colla var. cavendish) and in situ lignin were submitted to a comprehensive structural characterization employing spectroscopic (uv, ftir, solid state 13c cp-mas nmr, liquid state 13c and 1h nmr) and chemical degradation techniques (permanganate and nitrobenzene oxidation). results obtained showed that banana plant leaf sheath lignin is of hgs type with a molar proportion of p-hydroxyphenyl (h)/guaiacyl (g)/syringyl (s ... | 2006 | 16569050 |
| purification and characterization of pectate lyase from banana (musa acuminata) fruits. | pectate lyase (pel) has been purified by hydrophobic, cation exchange and size exclusion column chromatographies from ripe banana fruit. the purified enzyme has specific activity of 680 +/- 50 pkat mg protein(-1). the molecular mass of the enzyme is 43 kda by sds-page. the pi of the enzyme is 8 with optimum activity at ph 8.5. analysis of the reaction products by paper and anion exchange chromatographies reveal that the enzyme releases several oligomers of unsaturated galacturonane from polygala ... | 2006 | 16554075 |
| supersage combined with pcr walking allows global gene expression profiling of banana (musa acuminata), a non-model organism. | super-serial analysis of gene expression (supersage) was used to characterize, for the first time, the global gene expression pattern in banana (musa acuminata). a total of 10,196 tags were generated from leaf tissue, representing 5,292 expressed genes. forty-nine tags of the top 100 most abundantly expressed transcripts were annotated by homology to cdna or est sequences. typically for leaf tissue, analysis of the transcript profiles showed that the majority of the abundant transcripts are invo ... | 2005 | 16133315 |
| patterns of variability in the diameter of lateral roots in the banana root system. | the relative importance of root system structure, plant carbon status and soil environment in the determination of lateral root diameter remains unclear, and was investigated in this study. banana (musa acuminata) plants were grown at various moderate levels of soil compaction in two distinct experiments, in a field experiment (fe) and in a glasshouse experiment (ge). radiant flux density was 5 times lower in ge. the distribution of root diameter was measured for several root branching orders. r ... | 2005 | 16101920 |
| resolution of the structure of the allergenic and antifungal banana fruit thaumatin-like protein at 1.7-a. | the structure of a thaumatin-like protein from banana (musa acuminata) fruit, an allergen with antifungal properties, was solved at 1.7-a-resolution, by x-ray crystallography. though the banana protein exhibits a very similar overall fold as thaumatin it markedly differs from the sweet-tasting protein by the presence of a surface exposed electronegative cleft. due to the presence of this electronegative cleft, the banana thaumatin-like protein (ban-tlp) acquires a strong (local) electronegative ... | 2006 | 16085352 |
| [establishment of embryogenic cell suspension culture and plant regeneration of edible banana musa acuminata cv. mas (aa)]. | conventional breeding for dual resistance of disease and pest of musa cultivars remains a difficult endeavor, as the plant is polyploidic and high in sterility. biotechnological techniques, eg., genetic engineering, in vitro mutation breeding, or protoplast fusion, may overcome the difficulties and improve the germplasm. establishment of a stable embryogenic cell suspension (ecs) is a prerequisite for any of the biotechnological breeding methods. in this study an embryogenic cell suspension was ... | 2005 | 15859330 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags from musa acuminata ssp. burmannicoides, var. calcutta 4 (aa) leaves submitted to temperature stresses. | in order to discover genes expressed in leaves of musa acuminata ssp. burmannicoides var. calcutta 4 (aa), from plants submitted to temperature stress, we produced and characterized two full-length enriched cdna libraries. total rna from plants subjected to temperatures ranging from 5 degrees c to 25 degrees c and from 25 degrees c to 45 degrees c was used to produce a cold and a hot cdna library, respectively. we sequenced 1,440 clones from each library. following quality analysis and vector tr ... | 2005 | 15841358 |
| effect of phytohormones on pectate lyase activity in ripening musa acuminata. | a differential activity peak of pectate lyase (pel) was observed during ripening of banana fruits (musa acuminata harichhal) receiving different hormone treatments. exposure of fruits to 25 ppm ethylene for 24 h, as well as dipping of m. acuminata fruits in 1 mm 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d) for 4 h, hastened fruit ripening. both pel activity peak and climacteric peak were observed on the 4th and 10th days of treatment with ethylene and 2,4-d, respectively, compared to the 16th day in ... | 2004 | 15694279 |
| banana sucrose-phosphate synthase gene expression during fruit ripening. | a 952-base pair polymerase-chain-reaction product of sucrose-phosphate synthase (sps) (ec 2.3.1.14) from banana (musa acuminata cv. nanicão) fruit was cloned and used to study expression of the enzyme during development and ripening. the deduced amino acid sequence shows that banana sps has a high homology with the leaf, tap-root and bean enzymes from other species. enzyme activity, and mrna and protein levels point to an increase in sps expression during ripening. the accumulation of sucrose wa ... | 1997 | 9431676 |
| banana contains a diverse array of endogenous badnaviruses. | banana streak disease is caused by several distinct badnavirus species, one of which is banana streak obino l'ewai virus. banana streak obino l'ewai virus has severely hindered international banana (musa spp.) breeding programmes, as new hybrids are frequently infected with this virus, curtailing any further exploitation. this infection is thought to arise from viral dna integrated in the nuclear genome of musa balbisiana (b genome), one of the wild species contributing to many of the banana cul ... | 2005 | 15659772 |
| [soil arthropod communities in different successional tropical secondary forests in xishuangbanna]. | studies on the soil arthropod community structure and its seasonal variation in four types of secondary forest, including macaranga denticulate forest (md), millettia laptobotrya forest (ml), musa acuminata forest (ma) and dendrocalamus membranaceae forest (dm) in xishuangbanna showed that acari, hymenoptera (ant) and collembola were the dominant groups of soil arthropods on all study sites, but their proportions differed in different forests. for the common and rare groups of soil arthropods, t ... | 2004 | 15362621 |
| gene content and density in banana ( musa acuminata) as revealed by genomic sequencing of bac clones. | the complete sequence of musa acuminata bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones is presented and, consequently, the first analysis of the banana genome organization. one clone (muh9) is 82,723 bp long with an overall g+c content of 38.2%. twelve putative protein-coding sequences were identified, representing a gene density of one per 6.9 kb, which is slightly less than that previously reported for arabidopsis but similar to rice. one coding sequence was identified as a partial m. acuminata ... | 2004 | 14985976 |
| pcr-rflp of the ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacers (its) provides markers for the a and b genomes in musa l. | musa acuminata colla (aa genomes) and musa balbisiana colla (bb genomes) are the diploid ancestors of modern bananas that are mostly diploid or triploid cultivars with various combinations of the a and b genomes, including aa, aaa, bb, aab and abb. the objective of this study was to identify molecular markers that will facilitate discrimination of the a and b genomes, based on restriction-site variations in the internal transcribed spacers (its) of the nuclear ribosomal rna genes. the its region ... | 2003 | 12955208 |
| construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome library of banana (musa acuminata colla). | a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library for banana was constructed from leaves of the wild diploid 'calcutta 4' clone (musa acuminata subsp. burmannicoides 2n = 2 x = 22). 'calcutta 4' is widely used in breeding programs for its resistance to the current major disease of banana and is being used to build a genetic reference map of banana. as banana leaves are particularly rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides a protocol was adapted to isolate intact nuclei and high-molecular-weight (hm ... | 2003 | 12671759 |
| expression of a ripening-related cytochrome p450 cdna in cavendish banana (musa acuminata cv. williams). | as part of a study to understand the molecular basis of fruit ripening, this study reports the isolation and characterization of a banana cytochrome p450 (p450) cdna, designated as map450-1, which was associated with fruit ripening of banana. map450-1 encoded a single polypeptide of 507 amino acid residues that shared an overall identity of 27-45% with that of several plant p450s, among which map450-1 was most related phylogenetically to the avocado p450 cyp71a1. the polypeptide that possessed r ... | 2003 | 12594049 |
| genetic diversity in musa acuminata colla and musa balbisiana colla and some of their natural hybrids using aflp markers. | genetic diversity and relationships were assessed in 28 accessions of musa acuminata (aa) colla and musa balbisiana (bb) colla, and some of their natural hybrids, using the amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflp) technique. fifteen aflp +3 primer pairs produced 527 polymorphic bands among the accessions. neighbor-joining and principal co-ordinate (pco) analyses using jaccard's similarity coefficient produced four major clusters that closely corresponded with the genome composition of the ... | 2002 | 12582577 |
| analysis of genetic diversity and sectional relationships in musa using aflp markers. | the aflp technique was used to assess the genetic diversity and sectional relationships in 39 accessions representing the four main sections of the genus musa. eight aflp + 3 primer pairs produced 260 polymorphic bands that were used in cluster and pco analysis. a wide range of variability was observed among the species within the sections of the genus musa. aflp data was useful in separating the different sections of the genus as well as differentiating the different genomic groups of section e ... | 2002 | 12582576 |
| malate synthase gene expression during fruit ripening of cavendish banana (musa acuminata cv. williams). | malate synthase (ms) is a key enzyme responsible for malic acid synthesis in the glyoxylate cycle, which functions to convert stored lipids to carbohydrates, by catalysing the glyoxylate condensation reaction with acetyl-coa in the peroxisome. in this study, the cloning of an ms cdna, designated mams-1, from the banana fruit is reported. mams-1 was 1801 bp in length encoding a single polypeptide of 556 amino acid residues. sequence analysis revealed that mams-1 possessed the conserved catalytic ... | 2003 | 12493858 |
| isomeric oxabenzochrysenones from musa acuminata and wachendorfia thyrsiflora. | two new oxabenzochrysenones (naphthoxanthenones), representing phenylphenalenone-related natural products, were isolated from musa acuminata and wachendorfia thyrsiflora. | 2002 | 12434989 |
| characterization of resistant starch type iii from banana (musa acuminata). | banana starch (musa acuminata var. nandigobe) was evaluated for its use in generating resistant starch (rs) type iii. structural, physicochemical, and biological properties of these products were analyzed. the investigated process includes debranching of the native starch and retrogradation under different storage temperatures and starch concentrations. after enzymatic debranching, a high amount of low-molecular-weight polymers with a degree of polymerization between 10 and 35 glucose units besi ... | 2002 | 12188636 |
| ascertaining maternal and paternal lineage within musa by chloroplast and mitochondrial dna rflp analyses. | in banana, the maternal transmission of chloroplast dna and paternal transmission of the mitochondrial dna provides an exceptional opportunity for studying the maternal and paternal lineage of clones. in the present study, rflp combined with hybridization of heterologous mitochondrial and chloroplastic probes have been used to characterize 71 wild accessions and 131 diploid and 103 triploid cultivated clones. in additon to musa acuminata and musa balbisiana, other species from the four musa sect ... | 2002 | 12175071 |
| isolation, characterization and chromosome localization of repetitive dna sequences in bananas (musa spp.). | partial genomic dna libraries were constructed in musa acuminata and m. balbisiana and screened for clones carrying repeated sequences, and sequences carrying rdna. isolated clones were characterized in terms of copy number, genomic distribution in m. acuminata and m. balbisiana, and sequence similarity to known dna sequences. ribosomal rna genes have been the most abundant sequences recovered. fish with probes for dna clones radkal and radka7, which carry different fragments of musa 26s rdna, a ... | 2002 | 11993938 |
| dimeric phenylphenalenones from musa acuminata and various haemodoraceae species. crystal structure of anigorootin. | three fused octacyclic phenylphenalenone dimers were isolated from musa acuminata: anigorootin, which was first isolated from anigozanthos flavidus and hitherto represented the only compound of that type, the new 4'-hydroxy-anigorootin, and 4',4"-di-hydroxy-anigorootin, which is a revised structure. the crystal structure of anigorootin was determined by x-ray crystallography. 3,3'-bis-hydroxyanigorufone, a dimer of the conventional type known from anigozanthos preissii, was also found in musa ac ... | 2002 | 11985853 |
| differential expression and characterization of three metallothionein-like genes in cavendish banana (musa acuminata). | metallothioneins (mts) are cysteine-rich polypeptides that are involved in metal detoxification and homeostasis in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. in this study, we report the isolation and characterization of three members (mt2a, mt2b and mt3) of the mt-like gene family from ripening banana fruit and their differential expression in various banana organs and during fruit development and ripening. all members of the mt-like gene encode small cysteine-rich polypeptides of 65-79 amino acid residu ... | 2002 | 11903971 |
| inhibition of beta-amylase activity, starch degradation and sucrose formation by indole-3-acetic acid during banana ripening. | in order to observe the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) on carbohydrate metabolism, unripe banana (musa acuminata aaa, cv. nanicão) slices were infiltrated with the hormone and left to ripen under controlled conditions. the climacteric respiration burst was reduced by the action of iaa, and starch degradation and sucrose formation were delayed. sucrose synthase (susy; ec 2.4.1.13) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (sps; ec 2.4.1.14) activities and transcript levels were not affected, indicatin ... | 2001 | 11346957 |
| carbohydrate binding properties of banana (musa acuminata) lectin ii. binding of laminaribiose oligosaccharides and beta-glucans containing beta1,6-glucosyl end groups. | this paper extends our knowledge of the rather bizarre carbohydrate binding poperties of the banana lectin (musa acuminata). although a glucose/mannose binding protein which recognizes alpha-linked gluco-and manno-pyranosyl groups of polysaccharide chain ends, the banana lectin was shown to bind to internal 3-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl units. now we report that this lectin also binds to the reducing glucosyl groups of beta-1,3-linked glucosyl oligosaccharides (e.g. laminaribiose oligomers). additi ... | 2001 | 11322881 |
| purification and structural analysis of an abundant thaumatin-like protein from ripe banana fruit. | the pulp of ripe bananas (musa acuminata) contains an abundant thaumatin-like protein (tlp). characterization of the protein and molecular cloning of the corresponding gene from banana demonstrated that the native protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 200 amino acid residues. molecular modelling further revealed that the banana thaumatin-like protein (ban-tlp) adopts an overall fold similar to that of thaumatin and thaumatin-like pr-5 proteins. although the banana protein exhibits an ... | 2000 | 11144263 |
| delayed ripening of banana fruit by salicylic acid. | salicylic acid treatment has been found to delay the ripening of banana fruits (musa acuminata). fruit softening, pulp:peel ratio, reducing sugar content, invertase and respiration rate have been found to decrease in salicylic acid treated fruits as compared with control ones. the activities of major cell wall degrading enzymes, viz. cellulase, polygalacturonase and xylanase were found to be decreased in presence of salicylic acid. the major enzymatic antioxidants namely, catalase and peroxidase ... | 2000 | 10996248 |
| combined effect of high pressure, temperature and holding time on polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activity in banana (musa acuminata). | polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzyme activities were evaluated following combined pressure, temperature and holding time treatment in banana (musa acuminata). using pressures of up to 110 mpa, temperatures of up to 70 °c and holding times of up to 25 min, based on a 23 central composite design, the interactive effects were found to significantly influence the activity of both enzymes in prepared banana pulp. temperature and pressure were found to influence the inactivation of polyphenoloxidas ... | 2000 | 29345795 |
| diploid musa acuminata genetic diversity assayed with sequence-tagged microsatellite sites. | the sequence-tagged microsatellite site (stms) discrimination potential was explored using nine microsatellite primer pairs. stms polymorphism was assayed by nonradioactive urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. genetic relationships were examined among 59 genotypes of wild or cultivated accessions of diploid musa acuminata. the organization of the subspecies was confirmed and some clone relationships were clarified. | 1998 | 9694284 |
| multiple forms of polygalacturonase from banana fruits. | three multiple forms of polygalacturonase (pg) in ripe and two in unripe banana (musa acuminata) fruits were separated by deae-cellulose and further purified using sephadex g-150 chromatography. the multiple forms can be differentiated from each other on the basis of their properties. pg1 and pg3 were identified as endo-pg and pg2 as exo-pg on the basis of decrease in viscosity, increase in reducing sugar and the reaction product. pg2 and pg3 increased with the ripening of fruits. pg1, pg2 and p ... | 1998 | 9637063 |
| differential gene expression in ripening banana fruit. | during banana (musa acuminata l.) fruit ripening ethylene production triggers a developmental cascade that is accompanied by a massive conversion of starch to sugars, an associated burst of respiratory activity, and an increase in protein synthesis. differential screening of cdna libraries representing banana pulp at ripening stages 1 and 3 has led to the isolation of 11 nonredundant groups of differentially expressed mrnas. identification of these transcripts by partial sequence analysis indica ... | 1997 | 9342866 |
| colonization pattern of aquatic hyphomycetes on leaf packs in subtropical stream. | steralized leaf pieces of eight plants (eucalyptus rostrata, phoenix dactylifera, phragmites australis, musa nana, salix subserrata, cyperus alopecuroides, ricinus communis and eichhornia crassipes) were submerged in the nile stream. thirty-nine species of aquatic hyphomycetes were colonized on the plant leaves. eucalyptus was the best substratum (30 species) for colonization by aquatic hyphomycetes. phoenix (14 species), phragmites (11 species), salix (9 species), musa (8 species), ricinus and ... | 1997 | 16283114 |
| use of competitive pcr to assay copy number of repetitive elements in banana. | banana is one of the most important subtropical fruit crops. genetic improvement by traditional breeding strategies is difficult and better knowledge of genomic structure is needed. repeated sequences are powerful markers for genetic fingerprinting. the method proposed here to determine the copy number of nuclear repetitive elements is based on competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and can also be used for quantifying cytosolic sequences. the reliability of this method was ... | 1996 | 9003287 |
| maternal inheritance of chloroplast genome and paternal inheritance of mitochondrial genome in bananas (musa acuminata). | restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) were used as markers to determine the transmission of cytoplasmic dna in diploid banana crosses. progenies from two controlled crosses were studied with heterologous cytoplasmic probes. this analysis provided evidence for a strong bias towards maternal transmission of chloroplast dna and paternal transmission of mitochondrial dna in musa acuminata. these results suggest the existence of two separate mechanisms of organelle transmission and select ... | 1994 | 7923414 |
| a molecular marker-based linkage map of diploid bananas (musa acuminata). | a partial molecular linkage map of the musa acuminata diploid genome is presented. this map is based on 58 rflp, four isozyme and 28 rapd markers segregating in an f2 population of 92 individuals. a total of 90 loci was detected, 77 of which were placed on 15 linkage groups while 13 segregated independently. segregation distortions were shown by 36% of all loci, mostly favoring the male parent. chromosome structural rearrangements were believed to be one of the main causes of these distortions. ... | 1993 | 24190325 |
| differential protein accumulation in banana fruit during ripening. | banana (musa acuminata, cv dwarf cavendish) proteins were extracted from pulp tissue at different stages of ripening and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. the results provide evidence of differential protein accumulation during ripening. two sets of polypeptides have been detected that increase substantially in ripe fruit. these polypeptides were characterized as glycoproteins by western blotting and concanavalin a binding assays. antibodies againts tomato polygalacturonase cross-reac ... | 1992 | 16668607 |
| banana ripening: implications of changes in internal ethylene and co(2) concentrations, pulp fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration, and activity of some glycolytic enzymes. | in ripening banana (musa acuminata l. [aaa group, cavandish subgroup] cv. valery) fruit, the steady state concentration of the glycolytic regulator fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (fru 2,6-p(2)) underwent a transient increase 2 to 3 hours before the respiratory rise, but coincident with the increase in ethylene synthesis. fru 2,6-p(2) concentration subsequently decreased, but increased again approximately one day after initiation of the respiratory climacteric. this second rise in fru 2,6-p(2) continu ... | 1987 | 16665670 |
| reinitiation of vegetative growth from aseptically cultured terminal floral apex of banana. | terminal floral apices of musa acuminata cv. dwarf cavendish were isolated and cultured in a modified murashige and skoog (1962) medium supplemented with n6-benzylamino purine (5 mg/l) and 10% (v/v) coconut water. under these conditions, the determinate floral buds are transformed into a multiplying vegetative shoot system. rooted plantlets were obtained by treating shoots with the auxin, naphthaleneacetic acid (1 mg/l), and activated charcoal (0.025%). practical benefits resulting from these ob ... | 1985 | 11538837 |
| stomatal density and responsiveness of banana fruit stomates. | determination of stomatal densities of the banana peel (musa acuminata l. var hort. valery) by microscopic observations showed 30 times fewer stomates on fruit epidermis than found on the banana leaf. observations also showed that peel stomates were not laid down in a linear pattern as on the leaf.it was demonstrated that stomatal responses occurred in banana fruit. specific conditions of high humidity and light were necessary for stomatal opening: low humidity and darkness were necessary for cl ... | 1966 | 16656239 |