| microbial ecology of sourdough fermentations: diverse or uniform? | sourdough is a specific and stressful ecosystem inhabited by yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (lab), mainly heterofermentative lactobacilli. on the basis of their inocula, three types of sourdough fermentation processes can be distinguished, namely backslopped ones, those initiated with starter cultures, and those initiated with a starter culture followed by backslopping. typical sourdough lab species are lactobacillus fermentum, lactobacillus paralimentarius, lactobacillus plantarum, and lactoba ... | 2014 | 24230469 |
| candida humilis--dominant species in sourdoughs for the production of durum wheat bran flour bread. | yeasts present in the sourdough that is generally used for the production of durum wheat bran flour bread wereisolated and identified. samples were taken during the rebuilding phase and at different intervals of time in order to monitor the population dynamics. the results obtained from the phenotypic studies were further confirmed by the molecular studies and enabled us to affirm that most of the strains, more than 95%, belong to the species candida humilis. the dominance of c. humilis was stea ... | 2003 | 12430771 |
| prebiotic content of bread prepared with flour from immature wheat grain and selected dextran-producing lactic acid bacteria. | in the last few years the need to produce food with added value has fueled the search for new ingredients and health-promoting compounds. in particular, to improve the quality of bakery products with distinct nutritional properties, the identification of new raw materials, appropriate technologies, and specific microbial strains is necessary. in this study, different doughs were prepared, with 10% and 20% flour from immature wheat grain blended with type "0 america" wheat flour. immature flour w ... | 2013 | 23584774 |
| added ingredients affect the microbiota and biochemical characteristics of durum wheat type-i sourdough. | this study aimed at understanding the effect of additional ingredients (baker's yeast, macerated pears, grape must, honey, or water from macerated pears) on the microbiota and biochemical characteristics of durum wheat-based sourdough. one dough prepared using only flour was used as the control (control-dough). compared to the control-dough, doughs containing additional ingredients showed higher (p < 0.05) cell numbers of lactic acid bacteria after the first fermentation. constant ph of ca. 4.0 ... | 2016 | 27554152 |
| lactic acid bacteria in durum wheat flour are endophytic components of the plant during its entire life cycle. | this study aimed at assessing the dynamics of lactic acid bacteria and other firmicutes associated with durum wheat organs and processed products. 16s rrna gene-based high-throughput sequencing showed that lactobacillus, streptococcus, enterococcus, and lactococcus were the main epiphytic and endophytic genera among lactic acid bacteria. bacillus, exiguobacterium, paenibacillus, and staphylococcus completed the picture of the core genus microbiome. the relative abundance of each lactic acid bact ... | 2015 | 26187970 |
| exploitation of albanian wheat cultivars: characterization of the flours and lactic acid bacteria microbiota, and selection of starters for sourdough fermentation. | six albanian soft and durum wheat cultivars were characterized based on chemical and technological features, showing different attitudes for bread making. gliadin and glutenin fractions were selectively extracted from flours, and subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis. linja 7 and lvs flours showed the best characteristics, and abundance of high molecular weight (hmw)-glutenins. type i sourdoughs were prepared through back slopping procedure, and the lactic acid bacteria were typed and ide ... | 2014 | 25084651 |
| development of a method for the direct fermentation of semolina by selected sourdough lactic acid bacteria. | three obligately heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains (lactobacillus sanfranciscensis pon100336, leuconostoc citreum pon10079 and weissella cibaria pon10030) were used in this study as a multi-species starter culture for sourdough production. the starter inoculum was prepared and propagated in sterile semolina extract (sse) broth. acidification kinetics, microbiological counts detected on specific media for sourdough lab, polymorphic profile comparison and species-specific pcrs ... | 2016 | 27374130 |
| resistance to meloidogyne spp. in allohexaploid wheat derived from triticum turgidum and aegilops squarrosa. | expression of resistance to meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica from aegilops squarrosa was studied in a synthetic allohexaploid produced from triticum turgidum var. durum cv. produra and ae. squarrosa g 3489. the reproductive rate of different races of m. incognita and m. javanica, expressed in eggs per gram of fresh root, was low (p < 0.05) on the synthetic allohexaploid and the resistant parent, ae. squarrosa g 3489, compared with different bread and durum wheat cultivars. reproduction of r ... | 1989 | 19287575 |
| formulation development of the deleterious rhizobacterium pseudomonas trivialis x33d for biocontrol of brome (bromus diandrus) in durum wheat. | to develop an appropriate formulation of the deleterious rhizobacterium pseudomonas trivialis x33d and to evaluate its effectiveness to reduce brome growth. | 2013 | 23051924 |
| responses of transgenic arabidopsis plants and recombinant yeast cells expressing a novel durum wheat manganese superoxide dismutase tdmnsod to various abiotic stresses. | in plant cells, the manganese superoxide dismutase (mn-sod) plays an elusive role in the response to oxidative stress. in this study, we describe the isolation and functional characterization of a novel mn-sod from durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum), named tdmnsod. molecular phylogeny analysis showed that the durum tdmnsod exhibited high amino acids sequence identity with other mn-sod plants. the three-dimensional structure showed that tdmnsod forms a homotetramer and each subunit i ... | 2016 | 27152457 |
| the wheat map kinase phosphatase 1 alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant activities in arabidopsis. | mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (mkps) are important negative regulators in the mapk signaling pathways, which play crucial roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. we have previously shown that the heterologous expression of a durum wheat mkp, tmkp1, results in increased tolerance to salt stress in yeast but its particular contribution in salt stress tolerance in plants was not investigated. here, tmkp1 was overexpressed in arabidopsis thaliana and physiological ch ... | 2016 | 26927025 |
| multiple abiotic stress tolerance of the transformants yeast cells and the transgenic arabidopsis plants expressing a novel durum wheat catalase. | catalases are reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes involved in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. in this study, we described the isolation and functional characterization of a novel catalase from durum wheat, designed tdcat1. molecular phylogeny analyses showed that wheat tdcat1 exhibited high amino acids sequence identity to other plant catalases. sequence homology analysis showed that tdcat1 protein contained the putative calmodulin binding domain and a putative conserved internal ... | 2015 | 26555900 |
| molecular and functional characterization of the durum wheat tdrl1, a member of the conserved poaceae rss1-like family that exhibits features of intrinsically disordered proteins and confers stress tolerance in yeast. | because of their fixed lifestyle, plants must acclimate to environmental changes by orchestrating several responses ranging from protective measures to growth control. growth arrest is observed upon abiotic stress and can cause penalties to plant production. but, the molecular interface between stress perception and cell cycle control is poorly understood. the rice protein rss1 is required at g1/s transition ensuring normal dividing activity of proliferative cells during salt stress. the role of ... | 2015 | 26071212 |
| physico-chemical and metabolomic characterization of kamut® khorasan and durum wheat fermented dough. | investigations were made in order to evaluate the influence of the flour type, chemical acidification and fermentation on characteristics of doughs obtained with durum wheat and kamut® khorasan flour. doughs were observed immediately after mixing, 90 and 360 min of leavening at 30 °c. fundamental rheology, yeasts heat production by isothermal microcalorimetry and the interaction between water and biopolymers by means of time domain nuclear magnetic resonance were evaluated. in addition aromatic ... | 2015 | 25977050 |
| [production and properties of recombinant glutenin-cleaving proteinases from eurygaster integriceps put]. | cdnas coding for a mature form of glutenin-cleaving trypsin-like proteinase (referred to as glutenin-hydrolyzing proteinase 3 or ghp3) from the insect pest-eurygaster integriceps put. and a zymogen of this proteinase containing a signal peptide required for protein secretion were cloned into vectors ppic9 and ppic3.5, respectively. the constructs were used for protein expression in cells of the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. the recombinant protein corresponding to the mature form of the ... | 2016 | 25707103 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of a novel win1/shn1 ethylene-responsive transcription factor tdshn1 from durum wheat (triticum turgidum. l. subsp. durum). | over the last decade, apetala2/ethylene responsive factor (ap2/erf) proteins have become the subject of intensive research activity due to their involvement in a variety of biological processes. this research led to the identification of ap2/erf genes in many species; however, little is known about these genes in durum wheat, one of the most important cereal crops in the world. in this study, a new member of the ap2/erf transcription factor family, designated tdshn1, was isolated from durum whea ... | 2015 | 25687296 |
| a constitutively active form of a durum wheat na⁺/h⁺ antiporter sos1 confers high salt tolerance to transgenic arabidopsis. | the sos signaling pathway has emerged as a key mechanism in preserving the homeostasis of na⁺ and k⁺ under saline conditions. we have recently identified and functionally characterized, by complementation studies in yeast, the gene encoding the durum wheat plasma membrane na⁺/h⁺ antiporter (tdsos1). to extend these functional studies to the whole plant level, we complemented arabidopsis sos1-1 mutant with wild-type tdsos1 or with the hyperactive form tdsos1∆972 and compared them to the arabidops ... | 2014 | 24150094 |
| effect of food processing on exposure assessment studies with mycotoxins. | the goals of the present work were, on the one hand, to assess the effect of baking on the stability of zearalenone (zea) and deoxynivalenol (don), as well as the transfer of don from pasta to boiling water, and, on the other hand, to quantify the impact of don depletion, during cooking of pasta, on overall exposure estimates. therefore, the bread-making process was simulated on a pilot-plant scale by using naturally contaminated flour with don and zea. transfer of don from pasta to water was ev ... | 2013 | 23735176 |
| complex regulation by apetala2 domain-containing transcription factors revealed through analysis of the stress-responsive tdcor410b promoter from durum wheat. | expression of the wheat dehydrin gene cor410b is induced several fold above its non-stressed levels upon exposure to stresses such as cold, drought and wounding. deletion analysis of the tdcor410b promoter revealed a single functional c-repeat (crt) element. seven transcription factors (tfs) were shown to bind to this crt element using yeast one-hybrid screens of wheat and barley cdna libraries, of which only one belonged to the dreb class of tfs. the remaining six encoded ethylene response fact ... | 2013 | 23527011 |
| the wheat map kinase phosphatase 1 confers higher lithium tolerance in yeast. | the durum wheat tmkp1 gene encodes a map kinase phosphatase. when overexpressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae, tmkp1 leads to salt stress tolerance (especially licl ), which is dependent on the phosphatase activity of the protein. the tmkp1-associated li(+) resistance is restricted to a galactose-containing medium. interestingly, this salt tolerance is abolished in the absence of one member of the yeast type 2c ser/thr protein phosphatase family (ptc1) but not when other members such as ptc2 or pt ... | 2012 | 22741610 |
| genetic analysis and mapping of adult plant resistance loci to leaf rust in durum wheat cultivar bairds. | new leaf rust adult plant resistance (apr) qtl qlr.cim - 6bl was mapped and confirmed the known pleotropic apr gene lr46 effect on leaf rust in durum wheat line bairds. cimmyt-derived durum wheat line bairds displays an adequate level of adult plant resistance (apr) to leaf rust in mexican field environments. a recombinant inbred line (ril) population developed from a cross of bairds with susceptible parent atred#1 was phenotyped for leaf rust response at ciudad obregon, mexico, during 2013, 201 ... | 2017 | 28004134 |
| genetic analysis of leaf rust resistance in six durum wheat genotypes. | leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina, is one of the main fungal diseases limiting durum wheat production. this study aimed to characterize previously undescribed genes for leaf rust resistance in durum wheat. six different resistant durum genotypes were crossed to two susceptible international maize and wheat improvement center (cimmyt) lines and the resulting f1, f2, and f3 progenies were evaluated for leaf rust reactions in the field and under greenhouse conditions. in addition, allelism te ... | 2014 | 24906010 |
| development of cos-snp and hrm markers for high-throughput and reliable haplotype-based detection of lr14a in durum wheat (triticum durum desf.). | leaf rust (puccinia triticina eriks. & henn.) is a major disease affecting durum wheat production. the lr14a-resistant gene present in the durum wheat cv. creso and its derivative cv. colosseo is one of the best characterized leaf-rust resistance sources deployed in durum wheat breeding. lr14a has been mapped close to the simple sequence repeat markers gwm146, gwm344 and wmc10 in the distal portion of the chromosome arm 7bl, a gene-dense region. the objectives of this study were: (1) to enrich t ... | 2013 | 23292293 |
| genome-wide association mapping for seedling and field resistance to puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in elite durum wheat. | genome-wide association analysis in tetraploid wheat revealed novel and diverse loci for seedling and field resistance to stripe rust in elite spring durum wheat accessions from worldwide. improving resistance to stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a major objective for wheat breeding. to identify effective stripe rust resistance loci, a genome-wide association study (gwas) was conducted using 232 elite durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) lines from worldwide br ... | 2017 | 28039515 |
| evaluation of marker-assisted selection for the stripe rust resistance gene yr15, introgressed from wild emmer wheat. | stripe rust disease is caused by the fungus puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and severely threatens wheat worldwide, repeatedly breaking resistance conferred by resistance genes and evolving more aggressive strains. wild emmer wheat, triticum dicoccoides, is an important source for novel stripe rust resistance (yr) genes. yr15, a major gene located on chromosome 1bs of t. dicoccoides, was previously reported to confer resistance to a broad spectrum of stripe rust isolates, at both seedling an ... | 2015 | 27818611 |
| molecular mapping of genes yr64 and yr65 for stripe rust resistance in hexaploid derivatives of durum wheat accessions pi 331260 and pi 480016. | this manuscript reports two new genes ( yr64 and yr65 ) for effective resistance to stripe rust and usefulness of their flanking ssr markers for marker-assisted selection. stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide and resistance is the best control strategy. durum wheat accessions pi 331260 and pi 480016 were resistant to all tested pst races. to transfer the resistance genes to common wheat and map them to wheat ch ... | 2014 | 25142874 |
| wheat stripe (yellow) rust caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. | stripe (yellow) rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is a serious disease of wheat occurring in most wheat areas with cool and moist weather conditions during the growing season. the basidiomycete fungus is an obligate biotrophic parasite that is difficult to culture on artificial media. pst is a macrocyclic, heteroecious fungus that requires both primary (wheat or grasses) and alternate (berberis or mahonia spp.) host plants to complete its life cycle. urediniospores have ... | 2014 | 24373199 |
| molecular mapping of yr53, a new gene for stripe rust resistance in durum wheat accession pi 480148 and its transfer to common wheat. | stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. it is essential to identify new genes for effective resistance against the disease. durum wheat pi 480148, originally from ethiopia, was resistant in all seedling tests with several predominant pst races in the us under controlled greenhouse conditions and at multiple locations subject to natural infection for several years. to map the resistance gene(s) and to transfer it t ... | 2013 | 23090143 |
| genetic structure and local adaptation of european wheat yellow rust populations: the role of temperature-specific adaptation. | environmental heterogeneity influences coevolution and local adaptation in host-parasite systems. this also concerns applied issues, because the geographic range of parasites may depend on their capacity to adapt to abiotic conditions. we studied temperature-specific adaptation in the wheat yellow/stripe rust pathogen, puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (pst). using laboratory experiments, pst isolates from northern and southern france were studied for their ability to germinate and to infect br ... | 2012 | 25568055 |
| mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene pm53 introgressed from aegilops speltoides into soft red winter wheat. | a powdery mildew resistance gene was introgressed from aegilops speltoides into winter wheat and mapped to chromosome 5bl. closely linked markers will permit marker-assisted selection for the resistance gene. powdery mildew of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a major fungal disease in many areas of the world, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt). host plant resistance is the preferred form of disease prevention because it is both economical and environmentally sound. identification of ... | 2015 | 25425170 |
| fine physical and genetic mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene mliw172 originating from wild emmer (triticum dicoccoides). | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases in the world. in this study, a single dominant powdery mildew resistance gene mliw172 was identified in the iw172 wild emmer accession and mapped to the distal region of chromosome arm 7al (bin7al-16-0.86-0.90) via molecular marker analysis. mliw172 was closely linked with the rflp probe xpsr680-derived sts marker xmag2185 and the est markers be405531 and be637476. this suggested that mliw172 ... | 2014 | 24955773 |
| comparative genetic mapping and genomic region collinearity analysis of the powdery mildew resistance gene pm41. | by applying comparative genomics analyses, a high-density genetic linkage map narrowed the powdery mildew resistance gene pm41 originating from wild emmer in a sub-centimorgan genetic interval. wheat powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, results in large yield losses worldwide. a high-density genetic linkage map of the powdery mildew resistance gene pm41, originating from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) and previously mapped to the distal region of chromosom ... | 2014 | 24906815 |
| genetic basis of qualitative and quantitative resistance to powdery mildew in wheat: from consensus regions to candidate genes. | powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat. the objective of this study was to identify the wheat genomic regions that are involved in the control of powdery mildew resistance through a quantitative trait loci (qtl) meta-analysis approach. this meta-analysis allows the use of collected qtl data from different published studies to obtain consensus qtl across different genetic backgrounds, thus providing a better definition of the regions respon ... | 2013 | 23957646 |
| physical mapping of dna markers linked to stem rust resistance gene sr47 in durum wheat. | markers linked to stem rust resistance gene sr47 were physically mapped in three small aegilops speltoides chromosomal bins. five markers, including two pcr-based snp markers, were validated for marker-assisted selection. in durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum), the gene sr47 derived from aegilops speltoides conditions resistance to race ttksk (ug99) of the stem rust pathogen (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici). sr47 is carried on small interstitial translocation chromosomes (ti2bl-2sl-2b ... | 2017 | 28286900 |
| the lr34 adult plant rust resistance gene provides seedling resistance in durum wheat without senescence. | the hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) adult plant resistance gene, lr34/yr18/sr57/pm38/ltn1, provides broad-spectrum resistance to wheat leaf rust (lr34), stripe rust (yr18), stem rust (sr57) and powdery mildew (pm38) pathogens, and has remained effective in wheat crops for many decades. the partial resistance provided by this gene is only apparent in adult plants and not effective in field-grown seedlings. lr34 also causes leaf tip necrosis (ltn1) in mature adult plant leaves when grown under ... | 2016 | 28005310 |
| the lr34 adult plant rust resistance gene provides seedling resistance in durum wheat without senescence. | the hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) adult plant resistance gene, lr34/yr18/sr57/pm38/ltn1, provides broad spectrum resistance to wheat leaf rust (lr34), stripe rust (yr18), stem rust (sr57) and powdery mildew (pm38) pathogens, and has remained effective in wheat crops for many decades. the partial resistance provided by this gene is only apparent in adult plants and not effective in seedlings under standard growth conditions. lr34 also causes leaf tip necrosis (ltn1) in mature adult plant le ... | 2016 | 27685031 |
| genetically divergent types of the wheat leaf fungus puccinia triticina in ethiopia, a center of tetraploid wheat diversity. | collections of puccinia triticina, the wheat leaf rust fungus, were obtained from tetraploid and hexaploid wheat in the central highlands of ethiopia, and a smaller number from kenya, from 2011 to 2013, in order to determine the genetic diversity of this wheat pathogen in a center of host diversity. single-uredinial isolates were derived and tested for virulence phenotype to 20 lines of thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes and for molecular genotypes with 10 simple se ... | 2016 | 26756826 |
| development of a diagnostic co-dominant marker for stem rust resistance gene sr47 introgressed from aegilops speltoides into durum wheat. | a robust and diagnostic sts marker for stem rust resistance gene sr47 was developed and validated for marker-assisted selection. stem rust (caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, pgt) resistance gene sr47, originally transferred from aegilops speltoides to durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) line das15, confers a high level of resistance to pgt race ttksk (ug99). recently, the durum rusty 5d(5b) substitution line was used to reduce the ae. speltoides segment, and the resulting line ... | 2015 | 26260850 |
| a consensus map for ug99 stem rust resistance loci in wheat. | this consensus map of stem rust genes, qtls, and molecular markers will facilitate the identification of new resistance genes and provide a resource of in formation for development of new markers for breeding wheat varieties resistant to ug99. the global effort to identify new sources of resistance to wheat stem rust, caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race group ug99 has resulted in numerous studies reporting both qualitative genes and quantitative trait loci. the purpose of our study w ... | 2014 | 24903979 |
| population divergence in the wheat leaf rust fungus puccinia triticina is correlated with wheat evolution. | co-evolution of fungal pathogens with their host species during the domestication of modern crop varieties has likely affected the current genetic divergence of pathogen populations. the objective of this study was to determine if the evolutionary history of the obligate rust pathogen on wheat, puccinia triticina, is correlated with adaptation to hosts with different ploidy levels. sequence data from 15 loci with different levels of polymorphism were generated. phylogenetic analyses (parsimony, ... | 2014 | 24301080 |
| searching for novel sources of field resistance to ug99 and ethiopian stem rust races in durum wheat via association mapping. | puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causative agent of stem rust in wheat, is a devastating disease of durum wheat. while more than 50 stem rust resistance (sr) loci have been identified in wheat, only a few of them have remained effective against ug99 (ttksk race) and other durum-specific ethiopian races. an association mapping (am) approach based on 183 diverse durum wheat accessions was utilized to identify resistance loci for stem rust response in ethiopia over four field-evaluation season ... | 2013 | 23429902 |
| involvement of fungal pectin methylesterase activity in the interaction between fusarium graminearum and wheat. | the genome of fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight of wheat, contains two putative pectin methylesterase (pme)-encoding genes. however, when grown in liquid culture containing pectin, f. graminearum produces only a single pme, which was purified and identified. its encoding gene, expressed during wheat spike infection, was disrupted by targeted homologous recombination. two δpme mutant strains lacked pme activity but were still able to grow on highly methyl-esterified p ... | 2016 | 26713352 |
| germination of fusarium graminearum ascospores and wheat infection are affected by dry periods and by temperature and humidity during dry periods. | the effects of temperature and relative humidity (rh) on germination of fusarium graminearum ascospores, and of dry periods (dp) of different lengths and of temperature and rh during dp on ascospore survival were studied both in vitro and in planta. optimal temperatures for ascospore germination at 100% rh were 20 and 25°c; germination was ≤5% when ascospores were incubated at 20°c and rh ≤ 93.5%. viable ascospores were found at all tested combinations of dp duration (0 to 48 h) × temperature (5 ... | 2016 | 26623994 |
| fusarium graminearum produces different xylanases causing host cell death that is prevented by the xylanase inhibitors xip-i and taxi-iii in wheat. | to shed light on the role of xylanase inhibitors (xis) during fusarium graminearum infection, we first demonstrated that three out of four f. graminearum xylanases, in addition to their xylan degrading activity, have also the capacity to cause host cell death both in cell suspensions and wheat spike tissue. subsequently, we demonstrated that taxi-iii and xip-i prevented both the enzyme and host cell death activities of f. graminearum xylanases. in particular, we showed that the enzymatic inhibit ... | 2015 | 26475196 |
| identification of genes induced by fusarium graminearum inoculation in the resistant durum wheat line langdon(dic-3a)10 and the susceptible parental line langdon. | the wheat recombinant chromosome inbred line ldn(dic-3a)10, obtained through introgression of a triticum dicoccoides disomic chromosome 3a fragment into triticum turgidum spp. durum var. langdon, is resistant to fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum. to identify genes involved in fhb resistance, we used a cdna-aflp approach to compare gene expression between ldn(dic-3a)10 and the susceptible parental line ldn at different time points post-inoculation. in total, 85 out of the ... | 2015 | 26211966 |
| cell wall traits as potential resources to improve resistance of durum wheat against fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum, one of the causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb, scab), leads to severe losses in grain yield and quality due to the production of mycotoxins which are harmful to human and livestock. different traits for fhb resistance in wheat were identified for common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) while the sources of fhb resistance in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum), one of the cereals most susceptible to f. graminearum infection, have not been found. new lines of evide ... | 2015 | 25597920 |
| the xylanase inhibitor taxi-iii counteracts the necrotic activity of a fusarium graminearum xylanase in vitro and in durum wheat transgenic plants. | the xylanase inhibitor taxi-iii has been proven to delay fusarium head blight (fhb) symptoms caused by fusarium graminearum in transgenic durum wheat plants. to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the capacity of the taxi-iii transgenic plants to limit fhb symptoms, we treated wheat tissues with the xylanase fgsg_03624, hitherto shown to induce cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. experiments performed on lemmas of flowering wheat spikes and wheat cell suspension cultures demo ... | 2015 | 25346411 |
| durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) lines show different abilities to form masked mycotoxins under greenhouse conditions. | deoxynivalenol (don) is the most prevalent trichothecene in europe and its occurrence is associated with infections of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum, causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb) on wheat. resistance to fhb is a complex character and high variability occurs in the relationship between don content and fhb incidence. don conjugation to glucose (don-3-glucoside, d3g) is the primary plant mechanism for resistance towards don accumulation. although this mechanism has been alread ... | 2013 | 24368326 |
| constitutive expression of the xylanase inhibitor taxi-iii delays fusarium head blight symptoms in durum wheat transgenic plants. | cereals contain xylanase inhibitor (xi) proteins which inhibit microbial xylanases and are considered part of the defense mechanisms to counteract microbial pathogens. nevertheless, in planta evidence for this role has not been reported yet. therefore, we produced a number of transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing taxi-iii, a member of the taxi type xi that is induced by pathogen infection. results showed that taxi-iii endows the transgenic wheat with new inhibition capacities. we also ... | 2013 | 23945000 |
| identification of novel qtl for resistance to fusarium head blight in a tetraploid wheat population. | most tetraploid durum wheat (triticum turgidum l var. durum) cultivars are susceptible to fusarium head blight (fhb). this study reports novel quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with fhb resistance. a backcross recombinant inbred line (bcril) population was developed from the cross bgrc3487/2*dt735, and 160 lines were evaluated for resistance to fusarium graminearum schwabe (teleomorph gibberella zeae (schwein. petch) in field trials over 3 years (2008-2010) and to a f. graminearum 3-acety ... | 2012 | 23231604 |
| [development of a soup pasta based on the taste and nutritional requirements for aged people]. | the objective of this project was to elaborate a soup paste product based on cereal/leguminous mixture by cold extrusion method according to the preferences and limitations of the senescent population. formulas were obtained by a computation food mixtures program; the limitations applied were: protein quantity and quality. selected mixtures has to contain protein values over 13.2 g/100 g and a chemical assessment of leucine, lysine and methionine-cistein not lower than 75% of the fao/oms 1973 re ... | 1997 | 9659431 |
| role of the durum wheat dehydrin in the function of proteases conferring salinity tolerance in arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines. | dehydrins are claimed to stabilize macromolecules against freezing damage, dehydration, ionic or osmotic stresses, thermal stress and re-folding yield. however, their precise function remains unknown. in this context, we report the behavior of protease activities in dehydrin transgenic arabidopsis lines against the wild type plant under salt stress (100mm nacl). indeed, proteases play key roles in plants, maintaining strict protein quality control and degrading specific sets of proteins in respo ... | 2016 | 26751399 |
| conservation of trna and rrna 5-methylcytosine in the kingdom plantae. | post-transcriptional methylation of rna cytosine residues to 5-methylcytosine (m(5)c) is an important modification that regulates rna metabolism and occurs in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. yet, to date, no transcriptome-wide identification of m(5)c sites has been undertaken in plants. plants provide a unique comparative system for investigating the origin and evolution of m(5)c as they contain three different genomes, the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast. here we use bisulfite conversion ... | 2015 | 26268215 |
| overexpression of wheat dehydrin dhn-5 enhances tolerance to salt and osmotic stress in arabidopsis thaliana. | late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins are associated with tolerance to water-related stress. a wheat (triticum durum) group 2 lea proteins, known also as dehydrin (dhn-5), has been previously shown to be induced by salt and abscisic acid (aba). in this report, we analyze the effect of ectopic expression of dhn-5 cdna in arabidopsis thaliana plants and their response to salt and osmotic stress. when compared to wild type plants, the dhn-5 transgenic plants exhibited stronger growth under hig ... | 2007 | 17641860 |
| free asparagine and sugars profile of cereal species: the potential of cereals for acrylamide formation in foods. | cereals-based food is one of the major source of maillard reaction products in the diet. free amino acids and reducing sugars are considered to be the main precursors in the formation of these heat-induced compounds. in order to determine genetic resources with reduced potential for acrylamide formation, the content of sugars as well as free asparagine were analysed in a total of 30 cultivars of 10 varieties belonging to eight species (triticum aestivum var. lutescens, t. aestivum var. alba, t. ... | 2017 | 28150529 |
| nitrogen uptake and nitrogen fertilizer recovery in old and modern wheat genotypes grown in the presence or absence of interspecific competition. | choosing genotypes with a high capacity for taking up nitrogen (n) from the soil and the ability to efficiently compete with weeds for this nutrient is essential to increasing the sustainability of cropping systems that are less dependent on auxiliary inputs. this research aimed to verify whether differences exist in n uptake and n fertilizer recovery capacity among wheat genotypes and, if so, whether these differences are related to a different competitive ability against weeds of wheat genotyp ... | 2015 | 25859252 |
| factors controlling carbon metabolism and humification in different soil agroecosystems. | the aim of this study was to describe the processes that control humic carbon sequestration in soil. three experimental sites differing in terms of management system and climate were selected: (i) abanilla-spain, soil treated with municipal solid wastes in mediterranean semiarid climate; (ii) puch-germany, soil under intensive tillage and conventional agriculture in continental climate; and (iii) alberese-italy, soil under organic and conventional agriculture in mediterranean subarid climate. th ... | 2014 | 25614887 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of avena indolines and their role in kernel texture. | among cereals, avena sativa is characterized by an extremely soft endosperm texture, which leads to some negative agronomic and technological traits. on the basis of the well-known softening effect of puroindolines in wheat kernel texture, in this study, indolines and their encoding genes are investigated in avena species at different ploidy levels. three novel 14 kda proteins, showing a central hydrophobic domain with four tryptophan residues and here named vromindoline (vin)-1,2 and 3, were id ... | 2015 | 25120168 |
| variability in xylanase and xylanase inhibition activities in different cereals in the healthgrain diversity screen and contribution of environment and genotype to this variability in common wheat. | endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanases (ec 3.2.1.8, xylanases) and xylanase inhibitors, that is, taxi (triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor), xip (xylanase inhibiting protein), and tlxi (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor) type xylanase inhibitors, which naturally occur in cereals, are believed to be at the basis of a significant part of the variability in biotechnological functional properties of cereals. xylanase inhibitors in particular affect grain functionality during processing and in animal feeds when ... | 2010 | 20462210 |
| organic cultivation of triticum turgidum subsp. durum is reflected in the flour-sourdough fermentation-bread axis. | triticum turgidum subsp. durum was grown according to four farming systems: conventional (conv), organic with cow manure (oman) or green manure (oleg), and without inputs (noinput). some chemical and technological characteristics differed between conv and organic flours. as shown by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) analysis, oman and oleg flours showed the highest number of gliadins, and oman flour also had the highest number of high-molecular-mass glutenins. type i sourdoughs were prepare ... | 2015 | 25724957 |
| comparative study on microwave and conventional methods for protein hydrolysis in food. | a rapid microwave hydrolysis procedure was developed for amino acid determination in food. the hydrolysis was performed with 6m hcl in sealed vessels using a microwave digestion system.bovine serum albumin was chosen as a model protein to compare its theoric amino acid sequence with the experimental results obtained after hydrolysis by both the traditional oven heating and the microwave methods. furthermore the selected microwave methods were carried out on different food matrices (cheese and du ... | 1995 | 24186329 |
| biological networks underlying abiotic stress tolerance in temperate crops--a proteomic perspective. | abiotic stress factors, especially low temperatures, drought, and salinity, represent the major constraints limiting agricultural production in temperate climate. under the conditions of global climate change, the risk of damaging effects of abiotic stresses on crop production increases. plant stress response represents an active process aimed at an establishment of novel homeostasis under altered environmental conditions. proteins play a crucial role in plant stress response since they are dire ... | 2015 | 26340626 |
| low level impurities in imported wheat are a likely source of feral transgenic oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) in switzerland. | in switzerland, the cultivation of genetically modified (gm) oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) and the use of its seeds for food and feed are not permitted. nevertheless, the gm oilseed rape events gt73, ms8×rf3, ms8 and rf3 have recently been found in the rhine port of basel, switzerland. the sources of gm oilseed rape seeds have been unknown. the main agricultural good being imported at the rhine port of basel is wheat and from 2010 to 2013, 19% of all swiss wheat imports originated from canada ... | 2015 | 26109224 |
| thallium and potassium uptake kinetics and competition differ between durum wheat and canola. | thallium (tl) is very toxic to mammals but little is known about its accumulation by plants, and it would be useful if prediction of tl accumulation could be done using potassium (k) accumulation models. the objectives of this study were to compare the uptake kinetics of tl(+) and k(+), and to determine how readily k(+) can inhibit tl(+) uptake. durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) and spring canola (brassica napus l.) were grown hydroponically and exposed to 0-75 μm tl or 0-250 μm k for up to 150 ... | 2015 | 25172467 |
| plant uptake and translocation of inorganic and organic forms of selenium. | selenium (se) plays a role in human health: it is an essential trace element but can be toxic if too much is consumed. the aim of this study was to determine which species of se are most rapidly taken up and translocated to above-ground plant tissues. specifically, we wished to determine if organic forms of se in an exposure solution can contribute to the amount of se found in shoot tissue. durum wheat (triticum turgidum) and spring canola (brassica napus) were grown hydroponically, and young se ... | 2013 | 23793939 |
| mycorrhizal colonization and grain cd concentration of field-grown durum wheat in response to tillage, preceding crop and phosphorus fertilization. | a 3-year field trial was conducted to investigate the effect of agricultural management practices including tillage, preceding crop and phosphate fertilization on root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi and grain cadmium (cd) concentration of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.). the relationship between grain cd and soil and plant variables was explored to determine the primary factors affecting grain cd concentration. | 2010 | 20355108 |
| root uptake of lipophilic zinc-rhamnolipid complexes. | this study investigated the formation and plant uptake of lipophilic metal-rhamnolipid complexes. monorhamnosyl and dirhamnosyl rhamnolipids formed lipophilic complexes with copper (cu), manganese (mn), and zinc (zn). rhamnolipids significantly increased zn absorption by brassica napus var. pinnacle roots in (65)zn-spiked ice-cold solutions, compared with znso4 alone. therefore, rhamnolipid appeared to facilitate zn absorption via a nonmetabolically mediated pathway. synchrotron xrf and xas show ... | 2008 | 18303840 |
| qtl analysis of genetic loci affecting domestication-related spike characters in common wheat. | domestication-related changes that govern a spike morphology suitable for seed harvesting in cereals have resulted from mutation and selection of the genes. a synthetic hexaploid wheat (s-6214, genome aabbdd) produced by a cross between durum wheat (aabb) and wild goat grass (dd) showed partial non-domestication-related phenotypes due to genetic effects of the wild goat grass genome. quantitative trait loci (qtls) affecting wheat domestication-related spike characters including spike threshabili ... | 2014 | 25475935 |
| effect of carob (ceratonia siliqua l.) flour on the antioxidant potential, nutritional quality, and sensory characteristics of fortified durum wheat pasta. | this paper presents a study on the effect of carob flour addition from 1% to 5% (w/w) on phenolics content, antioxidant activity, nutritional quality, and sensory attributes of wheat pasta. an increase of about 2-folds, 18-folds and 3-folds in phenolics content, antiradical activity and reducing power for pasta fortified with 5% of carob flour was observed, respectively, compared to the control. expected glycemic index (egi) was increased proportionally to the substitution level and ranged betwe ... | 2016 | 26471602 |
| antioxidant activity of free and bound compounds in quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd.) seeds in comparison with durum wheat and emmer. | antioxidant activity (aa) of quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd.) seeds, as well as of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum desf.) and of emmer (t. turgidum l. ssp. dicoccum schübler) grains, was evaluated by studying hydrophilic (h), lipophilic (l), free-soluble (fsp) and insoluble-bound (ibp) phenolic extracts using the new lipoxygenase/4-nitroso-n,n-dimethylaniline (lox/rno) method, able to simultaneously detect different antioxidant mechanisms, as well as using the oxygen radical absor ... | 2012 | 23057788 |
| jalal a. aliyev (1928-2016): a great scientist, a great teacher and a great human being. | jalal a. aliyev was a distinguished and respected plant biologist of our time, a great teacher, and great human being. he was a pioneer of photosynthesis research in azerbaijan. almost up to the end of his life, he was deeply engaged in research. his work on the productivity of wheat, and biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology of gram (chick pea) are some of his important legacies. he left us on february 1, 2016, but many around the world remember him as he was engaged in international dia ... | 2016 | 27000095 |
| quantitative imaging of rhizosphere ph and co2 dynamics with planar optodes. | live imaging methods have become extremely important for the exploration of biological processes. in particular, non-invasive measurement techniques are key to unravelling organism-environment interactions in close-to-natural set-ups, e.g. in the highly heterogeneous and difficult-to-probe environment of plant roots: the rhizosphere. ph and co2 concentration are the main drivers of rhizosphere processes. being able to monitor these parameters at high spatio-temporal resolution is of utmost impor ... | 2013 | 23532048 |
| α-cyclodextrin encapsulation of supercritical co₂ extracted oleoresins from different plant matrices: a stability study. | here we describe the encapsulation in α-cyclodextrins (α-cds) of wheat bran, pumpkin and tomato oleoresins, extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide, to obtain freeze-dried powders useful as ready-to-mix ingredients for novel functional food formulation. the stability of tocochromanols, carotenoids and fatty acids in the oleoresin/α-cd complexes, compared to the corresponding free oleoresins, was also monitored over time in different combinations of storage conditions. regardless of light, stor ... | 2016 | 26776025 |
| barley tolerance of russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotype 2 herbivory involves expression of defense response and developmental genes. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov), is an invasive insect pest that causes serious yield losses in bread wheat, triticum aestivum l., durum wheat, t. turgidum l and barley, hordeum vulgare l. successful management of d. noxia has been achieved through resistant varieties via plant antixenosis (aphid non-preference), antibiosis (reduced aphid growth or fecundity), tolerance (plant compensatory growth after aphid feeding), or a combination of each. previous phenotyping experiment ... | 2012 | 22476464 |
| global phylogenetics of diuraphis noxia (hemiptera: aphididae), an invasive aphid species: evidence for multiple invasions into north america. | the russian wheat aphid, diruaphis noxia (kudjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, tritium aestivum l., durum wheat, triticum turgidum l., and barley, hordeum vulgare l. several sources of d. noxia resistance have been incorporated in commercial wheat and barley genotypes, but up to eight virulent biotypes, defined based on their ability to damage different wheat and barley genotypes, now occur across the western united states since the firs ... | 2010 | 20568643 |
| effect of temperature and humidity on insecticidal effect of silicosec against ephestia kuehniella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae. | laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the insecticidal effect of the diatomaceous earth formulation silicosec against larvae of ephestia kuehniella zeller (lepidoptera: pyralidae), in stored wheat (triticum durum desf.). larvae were exposed to wheat treated with silicosec at 400 and 800 ppm and held at 20, 25, and 30 degrees c and 55 and 75% rh. larval mortality was assessed after 24 h, 48 h, 7 d, and 14 d of exposure in the treated wheat. at both dose rates, mortality increased with ... | 2006 | 16937711 |
| quality characteristics of wholemeal flour and bread from durum wheat (triticum turgidum l subsp. durum desf.) after field treatment with plant water extracts. | the use of selected plant water extracts to control pests and weeds is gaining growing attention in organic and sustainable agriculture, but the effects that such extracts may exert on the quality aspects of durum wheat are still unexplored. in 2014, 5 plant water extracts (artemisia arborescens, euphorbia characias, rhus coriaria, thymus vulgaris, lantana camara) were prepared and distributed on durum wheat cv valbelice to evaluate their potential herbicidal effects. after crop harvesting, the ... | 2016 | 27442951 |
| development of irap- and remap-derived scar markers for marker-assisted selection of the stripe rust resistance gene yr15 derived from wild emmer wheat. | yr15 provides broad resistance to stripe rust, an important wheat disease. remap- and irap-derived co-dominant scar markers were developed and localize yr15 to a 1.2 cm interval. they are reliable across many cultivars. stripe rust [pucinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (pst)] is one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat, found on all continents and in over 60 countries. wild emmer wheat (triticum dicoccoides), which is the tetraploid progenitor of durum wheat, is a valuable source of novel ... | 2015 | 25388968 |
| a novel retrotransposon inserted in the dominant vrn-b1 allele confers spring growth habit in tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum l.). | vernalization genes determine winter/spring growth habit in temperate cereals and play important roles in plant development and environmental adaptation. in wheat (triticum l. sp.), it was previously shown that allelic variation in the vernalization gene vrn1 was due to deletions or insertions either in the promoter or in the first intron. here, we report a novel vrn-b1 allele that has a retrotransposon in its promoter conferring spring growth habit. the vrn-b1 gene was mapped in a doubled haplo ... | 2011 | 22384375 |
| nutritional evaluation of a high-temperature dried soft wheat pasta supplemented with cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l) walp). | the objective of this study was to determine the nutritional quality of the pasta described above. the work was unique in the following aspects: 1) the drying process was a nonconventional method, consisting of a high-temperature short-time (htst) process; 2) the nutritional quality of the wheat pasta was improved by the cowpea supplementation. cowpea was especially chosen due to it being a staple food in the diet of the people in northeast brazil. benefits attributed to the htst drying process ... | 1996 | 9239294 |
| characterization of the triticum durum desf. chloroform-methanol-soluble protein family. | the cm (chloroform-methanol-soluble) proteins are low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich proteins that are found in wheat and barley endosperms. a cdna clone encoding a triticum durum (t. durum) cm3 protein has been isolated from a mid-maturation seed cdna library. the t. durum cm3 protein is synthesized as a precursor including a signal peptide (sp) of 25 residues. northern blot analysis shows that in developing seed the highest level of cm3 protein mrna is detected at mid-maturation. the hybridiza ... | 1995 | 7612926 |
| relationship between paratrichadorus sp. density, and growth of wheat in pots. | the effect of a paratrichodorus sp. (close to p. tunisiensis) on the growth of wheat (triticum durum desf.) was investigated in pots containing different nematode densities and maintained in a growth chamber at 20 c for 40 days. the relation between fresh weight of tops and initial nematode density was according to the equation y = m + (1 - m)z(pt). this suggests a tolerance limit of 1.4 nematodes/cm(3) of soil under the conditions of the experiment; taking into account the effect of the great n ... | 1983 | 19295768 |
| concentrated phosphatidic acid in cereal brans as potential protective agents against indomethacin-induced stomach ulcer. | one of complications associated with long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) is peptic ulcer. recently, we found that orally administered phosphatidic acid (pa) ameliorated aspirin-induced stomach lesions in mice. in this study, we identified pa-rich food sources and examined the effects of the food materials on indomethacin-induced stomach ulcer. among examined, buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum) bran contained the highest level of pa (188 mg/100 g). pa was the richest phos ... | 2016 | 27561232 |
| rate of synthesis of spermine and spermidine in germinating seeds of glycine, helianthus and triticum. | the spermine, spermidine, and the total protein content of embryos or embryonic axes from triticum durum, helianthus annuus, and glycine max seeds at different times of early germination was evaluated. mitotic activity of root-tip meristems from germinating seeds was also determined. the hypothesis is suggested that differences in polyamine and protein pattern during early germination could be correlated with the onset of mitotic activity and with the different characteristics of the seeds assay ... | 1980 | 24311261 |
| haploid production in durum wheat by the interaction of aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm and 1bl/1rs chromosomal interchange. | the present study describes the development of an alloplasmic haploid-inducer in durum wheat cv 'cando'. this cultivar possesses the homozygous wheat-rye translocation 1bl/1rs from the 6x-wheat cv 'veery'. the nucleus of 4x-'cando-veery 1bl/1rs' was introduced into aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm by initially using (kotschyi)-salmon as the maternal parent. in the cross of this alloplasmic durum line with 'cando-veery 1bl/1rs', which was used as the recurrent pollen parent, haploids (n=14) were produ ... | 1993 | 24194002 |
| transfer of the 1bl/1rs wheat-rye-translocation from hexaploid bread wheat to tetraploid durum wheat. | the present study describes a cytological stable alien chromosome translocation in tetraploid durum wheat. by crossing the hexaploid 1bl/1rs wheat-rye translocation line "veery" to the tetraploid durum wheat cultivar "cando" it was possible to select a 28 chromosomic strain homozygous for the 1bl/1rs translocation. the disease resistance potential of the short arm of rye chromosome 1r, which has been widely introduced in many hexaploid bread wheat cultivars could be now also used for the improve ... | 1987 | 24241794 |
| the cytogenetics of a triticum turgidum x psathyrostachys juncea hybrid and its backcross derivatives. | psathyrostachys juncea (2n = 2x = 14, nn), a source of barley yellow dwarf (bydv) virus resistance with tolerance to drought and salinity, has been successfully hybridized in its autotetraploid form (2n = 4x = 28, nnnn) as the pollen parent to durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.). the 2n = 4x = 28 (abnn) f1 hybrid has a mean meiotic metaphase-i configuration of 20.29 univalents + 0.29 ring bivalents + 3.36 rod bivalents + 0.14 trivalents. spike length, internode length, glume awn length and lemma ... | 1995 | 24173934 |
| abiotic conditions leading to fum gene expression and fumonisin accumulation by fusarium proliferatum strains grown on a wheat-based substrate. | fusarium proliferatum produces fumonisins b not only on maize but also on diverse crops including wheat. using a wheat-based medium, the effects of abiotic factors, temperature and water activity (aw), on growth, fumonisin biosynthesis, and expression of fum genes were compared for three f. proliferatum strains isolated from durum wheat in argentina. although all isolates showed similar profiles of growth, the fumonisin production profiles were slightly different. regarding fum gene transcriptio ... | 2017 | 28463723 |
| discovery of a novel stem rust resistance allele in durum wheat that exhibits differential reactions to ug99 isolates. | wheat stem rust, caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici erikss. & e. henn, can incur yield losses on susceptible cultivars of durum wheat, triticum turgidum ssp. durum (desf.) husnot. though several durum cultivars possess the stem rust resistance gene sr13, additional genes in durum wheat effective against emerging virulent races have not been described. durum line 8155-b1 confers resistance against the p. graminis f. sp. tritici race ttkst, the variant race of the ug99 race group with addi ... | 2017 | 28855282 |
| inheritance and bulked segregant analysis of leaf rust and stem rust resistance in durum wheat genotypes. | leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina (pt) and stem rust caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt) are important diseases of durum wheat. this study determined the inheritance and genomic locations of leaf rust resistance (lr) genes to pt-race bbbqj and stem rust resistance (sr genes to pgt-race ttksk in durum accessions. eight leaf rust resistant genotypes were used to develop bi-parental populations. accessions, pi 192051 and pi 534304 were also resistant to pgt-race ttksk. the result ... | 2017 | 28745102 |
| novel sources of stripe rust resistance identified by genome-wide association mapping in ethiopian durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum). | stripe rust of wheat, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is a global concern for wheat production, and has been increasingly destructive in ethiopia, as well as in the united states and in many other countries. as ethiopia has a long history of stripe rust epidemics, its native wheat germplasm harbors potentially valuable resistance loci. moreover, the ethiopian germplasm has been historically underutilized in breeding of modern wheat worldwide and thus the resistance alleles f ... | 2017 | 28553306 |
| genetic and molecular characterization of leaf rust resistance in two durum wheat landraces. | leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina, is a constraint to durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) production, and landraces are reported to be an important source of resistance. two portuguese landraces (aus26582 and aus26579) showed resistance against durum-specific p. triticina races and were crossed with a susceptible landrace (bansi) to develop recombinant inbred line (ril) populations. monogenic segregation for leaf rust resistance was observed among both ril populations. the underly ... | 2017 | 28812937 |
| epistatic determinism of durum wheat resistance to the wheat spindle streak mosaic virus. | the resistance of durum wheat to the wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (wssmv) is controlled by two main qtls on chromosomes 7a and 7b, with a huge epistatic effect. wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (wssmv) is a major disease of durum wheat in europe and north america. breeding wssmv-resistant cultivars is currently the only way to control the virus since no treatment is available. this paper reports studies of the inheritance of wssmv resistance using two related durum wheat populations obtain ... | 2017 | 28451771 |
| genetic characterization of an algerian population of mycosphaerella graminicola with microsatellite markers. | mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: zymoseptoria tritici, formerly septoria tritici), the responsible for septoria tritici blotch, is the most frequently occurring disease on wheat crops worldwide. the populations of this pathogen were previously characterized in several areas around the world, but not in algeria so far. the present study aims thus at investigating the genetic diversity and population structure of m. graminicola in this country. one hundred and twenty monoconidial isolates of ... | 2015 | 27141757 |
| evidence for reduced sexual reproduction of zymoseptoria tritici following treatment with fluxapyroxad and implications for initial infection of wheat crops. | zymoseptoria tritici (previously mycosphaerella graminicola) is the causal agent of septoria tritici leaf blotch (stb), a globally important fungal disease of bread, feed and durum wheat. airborne ascospores originating from over-winter crop residues are considered to be the primary source of initial infection. the active ingredient fluxapyroxad (basf) belongs to the chemical group of carboxamides and is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (sdhi) fungicide. fluxapyroxad has strong efficacy again ... | 2014 | 26080473 |
| assessment of the cytochrome b substitution g143a in the algerian population of mycosphaerella graminicola. | mycosphoerella graminicola (anamorph: zymoseptoria tritici), causal agent of septoria tritici blotch, is currently one of the most damaging diseases on both bread and durum wheat crops worldwide. since wheat resistance against this pathogen is always partial at various extents in most cultivars, disease control relies mainly on the use of fungicides. however, management of fungicide applications is necessary in order to avoid the emergence and widespread of fungicide resistant genotypes within p ... | 2013 | 25151839 |
| tunisian population of mycosphaerella graminicola is still sensitive to strobilurin fungicides. | septoria tritici blotch caused by the fungal pathogen mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: zymoseptoria tritici) is one of the most frequently occurring diseases on both bread and durum wheat crops worldwide. one hundred and sixty four durum wheat-adapted isolates of this fungus were sampled during the 2012 growing season from five distinct geographical locations of tunisia (bizerte, béja, kef, jendouba and siliana) in order to examine the status of strobilurin resistance of m. graminicola in t ... | 2013 | 25151831 |
| transcriptome of wheat inflorescence development from spikelet initiation to floral patterning. | early reproductive development in cereals is crucial for final grain number per spike, and hence the yield potential of the crop. to date, however, no systematic analyses of gene expression profiles during this important process have been conducted for common wheat (triticum aestivum). here, we studied the transcriptome profiles at four stages of early wheat reproductive development, from spikelet initiation to floral organ differentiation. k-means clustering and stage-specific transcript identi ... | 0 | 28515146 |
| a rapid magnetic solid phase extraction method followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of mycotoxins in cereals. | mycotoxins can contaminate various food commodities, including cereals. moreover, mycotoxins of different classes can co-contaminate food, increasing human health risk. several analytical methods have been published in the literature dealing with mycotoxins determination in cereals. nevertheless, in the present work, the aim was to propose an easy and effective system for the extraction of six of the main mycotoxins from corn meal and durum wheat flour, i.e., the main four aflatoxins, ochratoxin ... | 0 | 28430148 |
| zinc complexed chitosan/tpp nanoparticles: a promising micronutrient nanocarrier suited for foliar application. | cultivation of cereals in zinc deficient soils leads to declined nutritional quality of grain. zinc deficiency in humans is a consequence of consumption of micronutrient deficient cereals as staple food. to achieve an increase in zinc density in grain, we evaluated zinc complexed chitosan nanoparticles (zn-cnp) as a potential 'nanocarrier' suited for foliar fertilization. zn-cnp were synthesized using tri-polyphosphate as a cross-linker. spherical zn-cnp (diameter 250-300nm) were positively char ... | 0 | 28363565 |