| isolation of a new retrotransposon-like dna sequence and its use in analysis of diversity within the oryza officinalis complex. | to better understand the genetic diversity of the wild relatives of rice (oryza sativa l.) in the o. officinalis species complex repetitive dna markers were obtained from the diploid species of this complex. one cloned sequence from o. eichingeri gave intense hybridization signals with all species of the o. officinalis complex. this 242 bp clone, named poe.49, has a copy number from 0.9 to 4.0 x 10(4) in diploid species of this complex. analysis of the primary structure and database searches rev ... | 2000 | 11138942 |
| a 33-kda allergen from rice (oryza sativa l. japonica). cdna cloning, expression, and identification as a novel glyoxalase i. | cereal proteins are known to cause allergic reactions such as baker's asthma and severe atopic dermatitis to certain populations. in rice allergy, proteins with molecular masses of 14-16, 26, 33, and 56 kda have been demonstrated to be potentially allergenic. in this study, to identify and characterize the 33-kda allergen, designated glb33, this protein was first purified to homogeneity, and its cdna clone was isolated. when expressed in escherichia coli, the recombinant glb33 was shown to be as ... | 2001 | 11139585 |
| induction of ltp (lipid transfer protein) and pal (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) gene expression in rice roots colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae. | the expression of a lipid transfer protein (ltp) gene is regulated in oryza sativa roots in response to colonization by the mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae. transcript levels increased when the fungus forms appressoria and penetrates the root epidermis and decreased at the onset of the intercellular colonization of the root cortex. the analysis of histochemical gus staining in transgenic rice plants carrying the ltp/gus construct confirm the induction of ltp: gene associated with fungal appres ... | 2000 | 11141171 |
| cloning and characterization of estc from burkholderia gladioli, a novel-type esterase related to plant enzymes. | by screening a genomic library of burkholderia gladioli (formerly pseudomonas marginata) for clones exhibiting esterolytic activity, the gene for a novel-type esterase (estc) showing significant homology to plant enzymes could be isolated. high homology was found to two hydroxynitrile lyases originating from hevea brasiliensis (tropical rubber tree) and manihot esculenta (cassava), and to two proteins from oryza sativa (rice) that are specifically induced upon infection by pseudomonas syringae p ... | 2000 | 11152069 |
| heat shock-mediated apx gene expression and protection against chilling injury in rice seedlings. | rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings, when kept at 42 degrees c for 24 h before being kept at 5 degrees c for 7 d, did not develop chilling injury. chilling resistance was enhanced in parallel with the period of heat-treatment. the level of apx activity was higher in heated seedlings whereas cat activity was decreased by heat stress. there was no significant difference in sod activity between heated and unheated seedlings. the elevated activity of apx was sustained after 7 d of chilling. the cytosol ... | 2001 | 11181723 |
| soil biochemical activity and growth response of rice oryza sativa in flyash amended soil. | soil amended with different proportions of flyash, a solid waste generated from coal-fired thermal power plants, was evaluated as a soil conditioner and nutrient supplement during a field study on the growth of rice, oryza sativa. generally, ph and organic carbon (oc) content did not increase significantly (p > 0.05) in flyash amended soil, but significant increases (p < 0.05) in soil conductivity (32%), available phosphorus (48%) and organic matter (om, 29%) were observed during harvest at the ... | 2001 | 11198170 |
| methanogenic archaea and co2-dependent methanogenesis on washed rice roots. | washed excised roots of rice (oryza sativa) immediately started to produce ch4 when they were incubated in phosphate buffer under anoxic conditions (n2 atmosphere), with initial rates varying between 2 and 70nmolh(-1)g(-1) dry weight of root material (mean +/- se: 20.3 +/- 5.9 nmol h(-1) g(-1) dry weight; n = 18). production of ch4 continued for at least 500 h, with rates usually decreasing slowly. ch4 production was not significantly affected by methyl fluoride, an inhibitor of acetoclastic met ... | 1999 | 11207731 |
| [production of herbicide-resistant rice with transforming heterogene]. | using pahc20 (containing bar gene), pwrg1515 (containing gus gene and hygromycin phosphotransferase gene), and pcambia3300 rg with bar gene and snowdrop lectin (gna) gene as donor dna, the micro-adventitious shoots and the calli induced from mature embryos of oryza sativa 87203, eyi105, shangnong aromatic glutinous rice as recipients were transformed with particle bombardment and agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 containing pal4404, respectively. after chosen with phosphinothricin and ant ... | 2000 | 11209693 |
| preferential occurrence of diazotrophic endophytes, azoarcus spp., in wild rice species and land races of oryza sativa in comparison with modern races. | several diazotrophic species of azoarcus spp. occur as endophytes in the pioneer plant kallar grass. the purpose of this study was to screen asian wild rice and cultivated oryza sativa varieties for natural association with these endophytes. populations of culturable diazotrophs in surface-sterilized roots were characterized by 16s rdna sequence analysis, and azoarcus species were identified by genomic fingerprints. a. indigens and azoarcus sp. group c were detected only rarely, whereas azoarcus ... | 2000 | 11220300 |
| field evaluation of resistance of transgenic rice containing a synthetic cry1ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis berliner to two stem borers. | two transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) lines, kmd1 and kmd2 at the r4 generation, transformed with a synthetic cry1ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis berliner, were first evaluated for stem borer resistance in the field during the rice growing season of 1998 in two areas of zhejiang province, china. both kmd1 and kmd2 were highly resistant to the stem borers chilo suppressalis (walker) and scirpophaga incertulas (walker), and were completely undamaged during the whole rice growing season. in con ... | 2001 | 11233125 |
| [differential accumulation of the new high-affinity phosphate transporter candidated gene fragment in rice roots in response to phosphorus deficiency stress]. | phosphate is a major constraint to crop production, and phosphate uptake in plant is mainly by high-affinity phosphate transporter under phosphate deficiency condition. using rt-pcr, a 1,178 bp phosphate transporter gene fragment ojpt1 was cloned from roots of jingxi17 (oryza sativa l. ssp. japanica) supplied with no phosphate. the comparison of this sequence with ones in genbank indicated that it shared about 70% similarity at amino acid level with other phosphate transporters in higher plants, ... | 2001 | 11233258 |
| reproductive performance and milk production of damascus goats fed acacia shrubs or berseem clover hay in north sinai, egypt. | thirty-three adult damascus does (29 +/- 1.1 kg bw) were fed 0.6 kg per head per day of a concentrate diet plus ad libitum rice straw (oryza sativa, control, r), or green acacia (acacia saligna, a) or berseem clover hay (trifolium alexandrinum, b). all treatment groups had free access to underground saline water containing 3600 ppm tds. the dm intake was lower (p < 0.05) for the r group but did not differ between the other two groups. the dm intake of acacia was 0.64 kg per head per day (1.98% b ... | 2001 | 11234194 |
| plant--fungal interactions: the search for phytoalexins and other antifungal compounds from higher plants. | a brief review is given of some biological, chemical and chemotaxonomic aspects of phytoalexin research. emphasis is placed on the search for antifungal compounds in the plant families leguminosae and rosaceae, and in rice, oryza sativa. the possible role of phytoalexins in the resistance of rice plants against the fungus pyricularia oryzae (= magnaporthe grisea) is discussed, and the future prospects of phytoalexin research are outlined. | 2001 | 11243452 |
| expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene around the shoot apex is related to phase transition in rice. | a major catabolic pathway for gibberellin (ga) is initiated by 2beta-hydroxylation, a reaction catalyzed by ga 2-oxidase. we have isolated and characterized a cdna, designated oryza sativa ga 2-oxidase 1 (osga2ox1) from rice (oryza sativa l. cv nipponbare) that encodes a ga 2-oxidase. the encoded protein, produced by heterologous expression in escherichia coli, converted ga(1), ga(4), ga(9), ga(20), and ga(44) to the corresponding 2beta-hydroxylated products ga(8), ga(34), ga(51), ga(29), and ga ... | 2001 | 11244129 |
| protein phosphatase 2a: identification in oryza sativa of the gene encoding the regulatory a subunit. | a 2225 bp cdna, designated rpa1, was isolated from an oryza sativa cdna library. analysis revealed a 1761 bp coding sequence with 15 non-identical repeat units. the orf encoded the a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a-a) as ascertained by complementation of the yeast tpd3 mutant defective in this gene. the corresponding genomic dna from a rice genome bac library revealed that the gene contains eleven introns. the rice genome contains only a single copy of this gene as judged by s ... | 2001 | 11247601 |
| identification of yac clones containing the mutable slender glume locus slg in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a mutable slender glume gene slg, which often reverts to the wild-type state, was induced by gamma-ray irradiation of seeds of the japonica rice cultivar 'gimbozu'. the final goal was to understand whether the slender glume mutation was associated with the insertion of a transposable element, utilizing map-based cloning techniques. the rflp (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis revealed that the slg locus was located between two rflp loci, xnpb33 and r1440, on chromosome 7 with rec ... | 2001 | 11269342 |
| arginine decarboxylase transgene expression and analysis of environmental stress tolerance in transgenic rice. | arginine decarboxylase (adc) cdna from oat (avena sativa l.) was introduced into rice (oryza sativa l.) genome by an agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. expression of the adc transgene under the control of an aba-inducible promoter led to stress-induced upregulation of adc activity and polyamine accumulation in transgenic rice plants. second-generation (rl) transgenic rice plants showed an increase in biomass under salinity-stress conditions, as compared to the non-transformed control ... | 2001 | 11297783 |
| transgenic rice plants expressing the ferredoxin-like protein (ap1) from sweet pepper show enhanced resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | we used particle bombardment to cotransform mature seed-derived rice callus (oryza sativa l., ssp. japonica, cv. eyi 105) with plasmids containing the linked marker genes gusa and hpt, and the ap1 gene encoding an amphipathic protein previously shown to delay the hypersensitive response induced in non-host plants by the pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (pss). thirty-two independent lines of transgenic rice plants were regenerated, and 27 of these lines carried all three transgenes as s ... | 2001 | 11297801 |
| azospirillum brasilense and azospirillum lipoferum hydrolyze conjugates of ga20 and metabolize the resultant aglycones to ga1 in seedlings of rice dwarf mutants. | azospirillum species are plant growth-promotive bacteria whose beneficial effects have been postulated to be partially due to production of phytohormones, including gibberellins (gas). in this work, azospirillum brasilense strain cd and azospirillum lipoferum strain usa 5b promoted sheath elongation growth of two single gene ga-deficient dwarf rice (oryza sativa) mutants, dy and dx, when the inoculated seedlings were supplied with [17,17-2h2]ga20-glucosyl ester or [17,17- 2h2]ga20-glucosyl ether ... | 2001 | 11299384 |
| identification and characterization of the gene encoding the mitochondrial elongation factor g in rice. | a plant nuclear gene coding for a mitochondrial elongation factor g (mef-g) was cloned from a cdna library and genomic library of rice (oryza sativa l.). this dna sequence predicts a 757-amino-acid protein exhibiting 79%, 55% and 49% homology to arabidopsis thaliana, saccharomyces cerevisiae and rat mef-g respectively, 53% homology to the elongation factor g in escherichia coli and 43% homology to soybean chloroplast elongation factor g. the deduced amino acid sequence contains the characteristi ... | 2000 | 11328648 |
| identification of defense-related rice genes by suppression subtractive hybridization and differential screening. | identification of host genes involved in defense responses is one of most critical steps leading to the elucidation of disease resistance mechanisms in plants. in this study, two different cloning strategies were employed to identify defense-related genes from a tropical japonica rice cultivar (oryza sativa cv. drew). with the use of bacterial colony arrays, differential screening of a blast fungus (pyricularia grisea)-induced rice cdna library led to the isolation of 22 distinct rice genes that ... | 2001 | 11332734 |
| toxicity-based criteria for the evaluation of textile wastewater treatment efficiency. | brazilian textile mills import wastewater treatment technologies, performances of which are generally evaluated only on a physicochemical basis. thus, a battery of bioassays was used to evaluate the performance of an ozonation system to treat textile effluents. comparative toxicological profiles for bacteria (vibrio fischeri), algae (scenedesmus subspicatus), daphnia (daphnia magna), fish (poecilia reticulata), and plants (soybean--glycine max, rice--oryza sativa, and wheat--triticum aestivum), ... | 2001 | 11345461 |
| in vivo evidence that ids3 from hordeum vulgare encodes a dioxygenase that converts 2'-deoxymugineic acid to mugineic acid in transgenic rice. | we proposed that an fe-deficiency-induced gene, ids3 (iron deficiency specific clone no. 3), from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) roots encodes a dioxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation step from 2'-deoxymugineic acid (dma) to mugineic acid (ma). to prove this hypothesis, we introduced the ids3 gene into rice (oryza sativa l.), which lacks ids3 homologues and secretes dma, but not ma. transgenic rice plants, carrying either ids3 cdna or a barley genomic dna fragment (20 kb) containing ids3, wer ... | 2001 | 11346963 |
| a new gypsy-type retrotransposon, rire7: preferential insertion into the tandem repeat sequence trsd in pericentromeric heterochromatin regions of rice chromosomes. | a portion of an insertion sequence present in a member of the rire3 family of retrotransposons in oryza sativa l. cv. ir36 was found to have an ltr sequence followed by a pbs sequence complementary to the 3'-end region of trnamet, indicative of another rice retrotransposon (named rire7). cloning and sequencing of pcr-amplified fragments that made up all parts of the rire7 sequence showed that rire7 is a gypsy-type retrotransposon with partial homology in the pol region to the rice gypsy-type ret ... | 2001 | 11405631 |
| isolation and characterization of a na+/h+ antiporter gene from the halophyte atriplex gmelini. | with a homologous gene region we successfully isolated a na+/h+ antiporter gene from a halophytic plant, atriplex gmelini, and named it agnhx1. the isolated cdna is 2607 bp in length and contains one open reading frame, which comprises 555 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 61.9 kda. the amino acid sequence of the agnhx1 gene showed more than 75% identity with those of the previously isolated nhx1 genes from glycophytes, arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. the migration pa ... | 2001 | 11437248 |
| growth promotion of rice seedlings by allelopathic polysaccharide from welsh onion. | the underground portion of the welsh onion (allium fistulosum) was extracted and separated into seven fractions to purify allelopathic compounds that were found to promote the growth of rice seedlings (oryza sativa). the 80% (v/v) ethanol-insoluble fraction of the hot water extract showed the highest growth-promoting effect. purification by deae-cellulose chromatography gave four fractions, ad-1, 2, 3 and 4. ad-3 at 1000 ppm stimulated root and shoot growth by about 2.4 and 1.5 times over the re ... | 2001 | 11471727 |
| specific detection of bradyrhizobium and rhizobium strains colonizing rice (oryza sativa) roots by 16s-23s ribosomal dna intergenic spacer-targeted pcr. | in addition to forming symbiotic nodules on legumes, rhizobial strains are members of soil or rhizosphere communities or occur as endophytes, e.g., in rice. two rhizobial strains which have been isolated from root nodules of the aquatic legumes aeschynomene fluminensis (irbg271) and sesbania aculeata (irbg74) were previously found to promote rice growth. in addition to analyzing their phylogenetic positions, we assessed the suitability of the 16s-23s ribosomal dna (rdna) intergenic spacer (igs) ... | 2001 | 11472944 |
| two types of hkt transporters with different properties of na+ and k+ transport in oryza sativa. | it is thought that na+ and k+ homeostasis is crucial for salt-tolerance in plants. to better understand the na+ and k+ homeostasis in important crop rice (oryza sativa l.), a cdna homologous to the wheat hkt1 encoding k+-na+ symporter was isolated from japonica rice, cv nipponbare (ni-oshkt1). we also isolated two cdnas homologous to ni-oshkt1 from salt-tolerant indica rice, cv pokkali (po-oshkt1, po-oshkt2). the predicted amino acid sequence of ni-oshkt1 shares 100% identity with po-oshkt1 and ... | 2001 | 11489190 |
| characterization of rice anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit genes oasa1 and oasa2. tryptophan accumulation in transgenic rice expressing a feedback-insensitive mutant of oasa1. | anthranilate synthase (as) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of tryptophan (trp), indole-3-acetic acid, and indole alkaloids. two genes, oasa1 and oasa2, encoding as alpha-subunits were isolated from a monocotyledonous plant, rice (oryza sativa cv nipponbare), and were characterized. a phylogenetic tree of as alpha-subunits from various species revealed a close evolutionary relationship among oasa1 and arabidopsis asa2, ruta graveolens as alpha 2, and tobacco asa2, whereas oasa2, arabidopsis asa1 ... | 2001 | 11500548 |
| glucocorticoid-inducible gene expression in rice. | we have studied the use of a glucocorticoid receptor-based inducible gene expression system in the monocotyledonous model plant rice (oryza sativa l.). this system, originally developed by t. aoyama and n.-h. chua [(1997) plant j 11: 605-612], is based on the chimaeric transcriptional activator gvg, consisting of the yeast gal4 dna-binding domain, the vp16 activation domain and the glucocorticoid receptor domain. for application in rice, we designed an optimized binary vector series (pindex) and ... | 2001 | 11506359 |
| hydraulic conductivity of rice roots. | a pressure chamber and a root pressure probe technique have been used to measure hydraulic conductivities of rice roots (root lp(r) per m(2) of root surface area). young plants of two rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties (an upland variety, cv. azucena and a lowland variety, cv. ir64) were grown for 31-40 d in 12 h days with 500 micromol m(-2) s(-1) par and day/night temperatures of 27 degrees c and 22 degrees c. root lp(r) was measured under conditions of steady-state and transient water flow. diff ... | 2001 | 11520872 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a novel jasmonate inducible pathogenesis-related class 10 protein gene, jiospr10, from rice (oryza sativa l.) seedling leaves. | a novel rice (oryza sativa l.) gene, homologous to a sorghum pathogenesis-related class 10 protein gene, was cloned from a cdna library prepared from 2-week-old jasmonic acid-treated rice seedling leaves, and named as jiospr10 (jasmonate inducible). jiospr10 encoded a 160-amino-acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 17,173.23 da and a pi of 5.84. jiospr10 was highly similar (77%) to the sorghum pr10 protein, but showed less than 55% similarity with other identified pr10s at the amin ... | 2001 | 11527396 |
| biological changes observed on rice and biological and genetic changes observed on tobacco [correction of tabacco] after space flight in the orbital station salyut-7 (biobloc iii experiment). | caryopses and isolated embryos from rice (oryza sativa l.) and tobacco seeds (nicotiana tabacum l. variety xanthi) were studied in the biobloc iii container aboard the soviet orbital space station salyut 7. the recovery from radiation damage under conditions of space flight was observed for rice caryopsis and embryos gamma irradiated (co 60, 50 grays) prior to launch. there was a large decrease in the percentage of germinating seeds from the tobacco strain tested when the seeds were exposed to h ... | 1984 | 11539650 |
| hormonal changes in the grains of rice subjected to water stress during grain filling. | lodging-resistant rice (oryza sativa) cultivars usually show slow grain filling when nitrogen is applied in large amounts. this study investigated the possibility that a hormonal change may mediate the effect of water deficit that enhances whole plant senescence and speeds up grain filling. two rice cultivars showing high lodging resistance and slow grain filling were field grown and applied with either normal or high amount nitrogen (hn) at heading. well-watered and water-stressed (ws) treatmen ... | 2001 | 11553759 |
| [qtl analysis of anther length and ratio of stigma exsertion, two key traits of classification for cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) and common wild rice (o. rufipogon griff.)]. | a genetic map including 120 rflp markers covering 1418.2 cm has been constructed using a bc1 population derived from a cross between common wild rice (oryza rufipogon griff.) from dongxiang, jiangxi province, china, and an elite indica variety guichao 2. the linkage orders and genetic distances of markers in this map are consistent with the map constructed by rice genome program of japan except the markers of short arm of chromosome 1. the qtls analysis of anther length and ratio of stigma exser ... | 2001 | 11554349 |
| beta-d-glycan synthases and the cesa gene family: lessons to be learned from the mixed-linkage (1-->3),(1-->4)beta-d-glucan synthase. | cellulose synthase genes (cesas) encode a broad range of processive glycosyltransferases that synthesize (1-->4)beta-d-glycosyl units. the proteins predicted to be encoded by these genes contain up to eight membrane-spanning domains and four 'u-motifs' with conserved aspartate residues and a qxxrw motif that are essential for substrate binding and catalysis. in higher plants, the domain structure includes two plant-specific regions, one that is relatively conserved and a second, so-called 'hyper ... | 2001 | 11554469 |
| identification of a hepatic factor capable of supporting hepatitis c virus replication in a nonpermissive cell line. | although hepatitis c virus e2 protein can bind to human cells by interacting with a putative viral receptor, cd81, the interaction alone is not sufficient to establish permissiveness for hepatitis c virus infection. using an epstein-barr virus-based extrachromosomal replication system, we have screened through a human liver cdna library and successfully identified a cdna capable of supporting hepatitis c virus replication in an otherwise nonpermissive cell line. this cdna encodes a protein exhib ... | 2001 | 11602742 |
| endophytic colonization and in planta nitrogen fixation by a herbaspirillum sp. isolated from wild rice species. | nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the stems of wild and cultivated rice on a modified rennie medium. based on 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequences, the diazotrophic isolates were phylogenetically close to four genera: herbaspirillum, ideonella, enterobacter, and azospirillum. phenotypic properties and signature sequences of 16s rdna indicated that three isolates (b65, b501, and b512) belong to the herbaspirillum genus. to examine whether herbaspirillum sp. strain b501 isolated from wild ... | 2001 | 11679357 |
| seasonal changes of chlorophyll content in field-grown rice crops and their relationships with growth. | field experiments were conducted on the experimental farm of the taiwan agricultural research institute (tari) to examine seasonal changes in the amounts of chlorophylls in leaves and whole plants of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. tainung 67) grown in the first and the second crop seasons in 1998. chlorophyll (chl) differences between two crops and their relationships with growth were also investigated. the differences in climate conditions between the two crop seasons were quite phenomenal and led t ... | 2001 | 11699571 |
| diversity of arabidopsis genes encoding precursors for phytosulfokine, a peptide growth factor. | phytosulfokine-alpha (psk-alpha), a unique plant peptide growth factor, was originally isolated from conditioned medium of asparagus (asparagus officinalis) mesophyll cell cultures. psk-alpha has several biological activities including promoting plant cell proliferation. four genes that encode precursors of psk-alpha have been identified from arabidopsis. analysis of cdnas for two of these, atpsk2 and atpsk3, shows that both of these genes consist of two exons and one intron. the predicted precu ... | 2001 | 11706167 |
| significant accumulation of c(4)-specific pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase in a c(3) plant, rice. | the c(4)-pdk gene encoding the c(4) enzyme pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (ppdk) of maize (zea mays cv golden cross bantam) was introduced into the c(3) plant, rice (oryza sativa cv kitaake). when the intact maize c(4)-pdk gene, containing its own promoter and terminator sequences and exon/intron structure, was introduced, the ppdk activity in the leaves of some transgenic lines was greatly increased, in one line reaching 40-fold over that of wild-type plants. in a homozygous line, the ppdk p ... | 2001 | 11706193 |
| iodate and iodide effects on iodine uptake and partitioning in rice (oryza sativa l.) grown in solution culture. | in the xinjiang province of western china, conventional methods of iodine (i) supplementation (i.e, goiter pills and iodinated salt) used to mitigate i deficiencies were ineffectual. however, the recent addition of kio3 to irrigation waters has proven effective. this study was conducted to determine the effects of i form and concentration on rice (oryza sativa l.) growth, i partitioning within the plant, and ultimately to assist in establishing guidelines for incorporating i into the human food ... | 1999 | 11762382 |
| analysis of genes expressed during rice-magnaporthe grisea interactions. | expressed sequence tag (est) analysis was applied to identify rice genes involved in defense responses against infection by the blast fungus magnaporthe grisea and fungal genes involved in growth within the host during a compatible interaction. a total of 511 clones was sequenced from a cdna library constructed from rice leaves (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) infected with m. grisea strain 70-15 to generate 296 nonredundant ests. the sequences of 293 clones (57.3%) significantly matched national c ... | 2001 | 11763134 |
| rice (oryza sativa) contains a novel isoform of glutamate decarboxylase that lacks an authentic calmodulin-binding domain at the c-terminus. | we have isolated full-length cdnas for two distinct isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (gad), designated osgad1 and osgad2 from a rice shoot cdna library. open reading frames found in osgad1 and osgad2 cdnas encode putative proteins of 501 (56.7 kda) and 500 amino acids (55.6 kda), respectively. they show 69% identity to each other and 67-78% identity to dicotyledonous counterpart sequences determined so far. comparative analysis of relevant genomic clones obtained from the rice genomic library ... | 2001 | 11779628 |
| antioxidant enzymes and dpph-radical scavenging activity in chilled and heat-shocked rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings radicles. | chilling whole rice seedlings at 5 degrees c significantly increased the time needed to recover linear growth and reduced the subsequent linear rate of radicle growth. subjecting nonchilled seedlings to a 45 degrees c heat shock for up to 20 min did not alter subsequent growth, whereas a 3 min heat shock was optimal in reducing growth inhibition caused by 2 days of chilling. the activity of five antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (ec 1.15.1.1), catalase (cat; ec 1.11.1.6), ascorbate perox ... | 2002 | 11804522 |
| functional regions of rice heat shock protein, oshsp16.9, required for conferring thermotolerance in escherichia coli. | rice (oryza sativa) class i low-molecular mass (lmm) heat shock protein (hsp), oshsp16.9, has been shown to be able to confer thermotolerance in escherichia coli. to define the regions for this intriguing property, deletion mutants of this hsp have been constructed and overexpressed in e. coli xl1-blue cells after isopropyl beta-d-thioglactopyranoside induction. the deletion of amino acid residues 30 through 36 (patsdnd) in the n-terminal domain or 73 through 78 (eegnvl) in the consensus ii doma ... | 2002 | 11842169 |
| traditional production, consumption and storage of kunu--a non alcoholic cereal beverage. | a survey of the production, consumption and storage of kunu was carried out. some of the information included consumption rate, processing techniques and equipment, producer's status and grains used. about 73% consume kunu daily, 26% occasionally; 1% know it is produced but may or may not be consuming it. millet (pennisetum typhoideum), sorghum (sorghum vulgare), maize (zea mays), rice (oryza sativa) and acha (digitalis exilis) were used in its production in decreasing order of preference. the g ... | 2002 | 11855622 |
| effects of signaling molecules, protein phosphatase inhibitors and blast pathogen (magnaporthe grisea) on the mrna level of a rice (oryza sativa l.) phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (osphgpx) gene in seedling leaves. | with a specific focus on rice self-defense response(s), the effects of global signaling molecules, jasmonic acid (ja), salicylic acid (sa), abscisic acid (aba), and ethylene (using the ethylene generator, ethephon), and protein phosphatase (pp) inhibitors, cantharidin and endothall on expression of a rice phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (osphgpx) gene in rice seedling leaves were investigated. we provide first evidence for a potent up-regulation of the osphgpx mrna accumulation ... | 2002 | 11867229 |
| spatial distribution of the 26s proteasome in meristematic tissues and primordia of rice (oryza sativa l.). | the 26s proteasome is known to play central roles in the growth of many eukaryotes. however, little is known regarding its distribution in higher plants. here, we report the spatial distribution pattern of rpn3 (a regulatory pa700 subunit) and c2 (a subunit of the 20s proteasome) in rice ( oryza sativa l.) seedlings as determined by in situ hybridization. the transcripts were abundantly co-expressed in the apical and marginal meristems of shoots and roots. interestingly, these transcripts also a ... | 2002 | 11882938 |
| effect of phenol on protein and amino acid content of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | leaf blight disease of rice (oryza sativa) is caused by the bacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. phenol (1 to 4 mm) induced changes in protein profiles of x. o. pv. oryzae and a stress protein with a molecular mass of 69,000 appeared. hplc analysis indicated occurrence of amino acids such as asparagine, alanine, methionine and cystine in phenol treated cells. proton nmr analysis also revealed variation on the presence of amino acids in the cells treated with phenol. | 2001 | 11883515 |
| mlo, a modulator of plant defense and cell death, is a novel calmodulin-binding protein. isolation and characterization of a rice mlo homologue. | transient influx of ca(2+) constitutes an early event in the signaling cascades that trigger plant defense responses. however, the downstream components of defense-associated ca(2+) signaling are largely unknown. because ca(2+) signals are mediated by ca(2+)-binding proteins, including calmodulin (cam), identification and characterization of cam-binding proteins elicited by pathogens should provide insights into the mechanism by which ca(2+) regulates defense responses. in this study, we isolate ... | 2002 | 11904292 |
| catalytic properties of rice alpha-oxygenase. a comparison with mammalian prostaglandin h synthases. | long-chain fatty acids can be metabolized to c(n)(-1) aldehydes by alpha-oxidation in plants. the reaction mechanism of the enzyme has not been elucidated. in this study, a complete nucleotide sequence of fatty acid alpha-oxygenase gene in rice plants (oryza sativa) was isolated. the deduced amino acid sequence showed some similarity with those of mammalian prostaglandin h synthases (pghss). the gene was expressed in escherichia coli and purified to apparently homogeneous state. it showed the hi ... | 2002 | 11909851 |
| identification and characterization of two genes encoding the eukaryotic initiation factor 4a in rice. | a cdna encoding eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4a (eif4a) was isolated from a cdna library of rice (oryza sativa l.). based on this dna sequence, a 414-amino acid protein exhibiting 67, 64 and 59% homology to the mouse, schizosaccharomyces pombe and saccharomyces cerevisiae eif4a, respectively, was predicted. the deduced amino acid sequence contains the characteristic motifs shared by the dead box supergene family. another cdna of rice eif4a was reported previously. comparison of the c ... | 2001 | 11913775 |
| a novel dna polymerase homologous to escherichia coli dna polymerase i from a higher plant, rice (oryza sativa l.). | a novel dna polymerase, designated as ospoli-like, has been identified from the higher plant, rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare). the ospoli-like cdna was 3765 bp in length, and the open reading frame encoded a predicted product of 977 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 100 kda. the ospoli-like gene has been mapped to chromosome 8 and contains 12 exons and 11 introns. the encoded protein showed a high degree of sequence and structural homology to escherichia coli pol i protein, bu ... | 2002 | 11917019 |
| arsenic accumulation and metabolism in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the use of arsenic (as) contaminated groundwater for irrigation of crops has resulted in elevated concentrations of arsenic in agricultural soils in bangladesh, west bengal (india), and elsewhere. paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) is the main agricultural crop grown in the arsenic-affected areas of bangladesh. there is, therefore, concern regarding accumulation of arsenic in rice grown those soils. a greenhouse study was conducted to examine the effects of arsenic-contaminated irrigation water on the ... | 2002 | 11918027 |
| comparative study of the reaction mechanism of family 18 chitinases from plants and microbes. | hydrolytic mechanisms of family 18 chitinases from rice (oryza sativa l.) and bacillus circulans wl-12 were comparatively studied by a combination of hplc analysis of the reaction products and theoretical calculation of reaction time-courses. all of the enzymes tested produced beta-anomers from chitin hexasaccharide [(glcnac)(6)], indicating that they catalyze the hydrolysis through a retaining mechanism. the rice chitinases hydrolyzed predominantly the fourth and fifth glycosidic linkages from ... | 2002 | 11926993 |
| expression of oryza sativa map kinase gene is developmentally regulated and stress-responsive. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways are modules involved in the transduction of extracellular signals to intracellular targets in all eukaryotes. in plants, there is evidence for mapks playing a role in the signalling of abiotic stresses, pathogens, plant hormones, and cell cycle cues. the large number and divergence of plant mapks indicates that this ancient mechanism of signal transduction is extensively used in plants. however, there have been no reports of classical mapk module ... | 2002 | 11975731 |
| comparison of the structure of the extrinsic 33 kda protein from different organisms. | the psbo gene encoding the extrinsic 33 kda protein of oxygen-evolving photosystem ii (psii) complex was cloned and sequenced from a red alga, cyanidium caldarium. the gene encodes a polypeptide of 333 residues, of which the first 76 residues served as transit peptides for transfer across the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membrane. the mature protein consists of 257 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 28,290 da. the sequence homology of the mature 33 kda protein was 42.9-50.8% b ... | 2002 | 11978871 |
| tissue localization of a submergence-induced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase in rice. | at least two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase genes (acs) are implicated in the submergence response of rice (oryza sativa). previously, the os-acs5 gene has been shown to be induced during short- as well as long-term complete submergence of seedlings and to be controlled by a balance of gibberellin and abscisic acid in both lowland and deepwater rice. this study demonstrates that os-acs5 mrna is localized in specific tissues and cells both during normal development and in response ... | 2002 | 12011339 |
| glucosylation activity and complex formation of two classes of reversibly glycosylated polypeptides. | reversibly glycosylated polypeptides (rgps) have been implicated in polysaccharide biosynthesis. in plants, these proteins may function, for example, in cell wall synthesis and/or in synthesis of starch. we have isolated wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa) rgp cdna clones to study the function of rgps. sequence comparisons showed the existence of two classes of rgp proteins, designated rgp1 and rgp2. glucosylation activity of rgp1 and rgp2 from wheat and rice was studied. after sep ... | 2002 | 12011358 |
| diversity of pseudomonas spp. isolated from rice rhizosphere populations grown along a salinity gradient. | along the coastline of tamil nadu, five sites were chosen to assess the diversity of pseudomonas populations isolated from rice (oryza sativa) cultivated along a salinity gradient. one of these sites was under organic farming while the other four were under inorganic farming. a total of 256 pseudomonas strains isolated from these five sites were analyzed using both phenotypic (substrate utilization patterns and antibiotic resistance assay) and genotypic (pcr-rflp of 16s rdna) characteristics. th ... | 2002 | 12023735 |
| organ-specific alternative transcripts of knox family class 2 homeobox genes of rice. | we identified three genes (hos58, hos59 and hos66) of rice (oryza sativa), which encode predicted proteins with the knox family class 2 homeodomain. these proteins contain three conserved domains, the knox domain, elk domain and homeodomain, from an n-terminus to a c-terminus. in addition to similarity of predicted amino acid sequences, these genes showed a similar exon/intron structure. cdna cloning and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of these genes indicated tissue-spe ... | 2002 | 12034492 |
| influence of different cultivars on populations of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the root environment of rice. | comparisons of the activities and diversities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (aob) in the root environment of different cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.) indicated marked differences despite identical environmental conditions during growth. gross nitrification rates obtained by the 15n dilution technique were significantly higher in a modern variety, ir63087-1-17, than in two traditional varieties. phylogenetic analysis based on the ammonium monooxygenase gene (amoa) identified strains related ... | 2002 | 12039768 |
| isolation and characterization of a putative transducer of endoplasmic reticulum stress in oryza sativa. | following endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress that prevents correct folding or assembly of er proteins, at least three responses occur to maintain cell homeostasis: induction of chaperones, attenuation of protein synthesis, and enhancement of lipid synthesis. transducers that transmit er stress to the nucleus have already been identified in yeast and mammals. we report here isolation of a cdna, osire1, from rice encoding a putative homolog of ire1p, a yeast transducer of er stress. osire1 encodes ... | 2002 | 12040100 |
| photochemical properties of the flavin mononucleotide-binding domains of the phototropins from arabidopsis, rice, and chlamydomonas reinhardtii. | phototropins (phot1 and phot2, formerly designated nph1 and npl1) are blue-light receptors that mediate phototropism, blue light-induced chloroplast relocation, and blue light-induced stomatal opening in arabidopsis. phototropins contain two light, oxygen, or voltage (lov) domains at their n termini (lov1 and lov2), each a binding site for the chromophore flavin mononucleotide (fmn). their c termini contain a serine/threonine protein kinase domain. here, we examine the kinetic properties of the ... | 2002 | 12068117 |
| inducibility by pathogen attack and developmental regulation of the rice ltp1 gene. | using a genomic clone encoding a rice lipid transfer protein, ltp1, we analysed the activity of the 5' region of the ltp1 gene in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) during plant development and under pathogen attack. the -1176/+13, -556/+13 and -284/+13 regions of the promoter were fused upstream from the uida reporter gene and nos 3' polyadenylation signal, resulting in the pdelta1176gus, pdelta556gus and pdelta284gus constructs which were transferred to rice by microprojectile bombardment. hist ... | 2002 | 12081375 |
| stability of rice yellow mottle virus and cellular compartmentalization during the infection process in oryza sativa (l.). | rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) is icosahedral in morphology and known to swell in vitro, but the biological function of swollen particles remains unknown. anion-exchange chromatography was used to identify three markedly stable forms of rymv particles from infected plants: (1) an unstable swollen form lacking ca2+ and dependent upon basic ph; (2) a more stable transitional form lacking ca2+ but dependent upon acidic ph; and (3) a ph-independent, stable, compact form containing ca2+. particle st ... | 2002 | 12083840 |
| [obtaining stem borer-resistant homozygous transgenic lines of minghui 81 harboring novel cry1ac gene via particle bombardment]. | a modified cry1ac gene was generated by fusing with lys-asp-glu-lue (kdel), an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal at the 3'-ends, with signal peptide coding sequence of soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor (skti) at the 5'-ends. vector containing the modified cry1ac gene coding region flanked by the corn ubiquitin 1 promoter and the nopaline synthase gene (nos) terminator with hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene as a plant selection marker was constructed. the modified cry1ac gene in which ... | 2002 | 12096630 |
| mitochondrial trna(trp)s imply a eubacterial origin. | three mitochondrial trna(trp)s genes from oryza sativa, homo sapiens and saccharomyces serevisea were constructed. in vitro transcripts of these mitochondrial trna(trp)s genes were able to be tryptophanylated by bacillus subtilis tryptophanyl-trna synthetase (trprs), but could not be catalyzed by trprs from rat liver. kinetic assay showed that b. subtilis trprs had half the binding capacity for mitochondrial trna(trp)s than for wild type trna(trp). while in the catalytic efficiency, the k(cat)/k ... | 2000 | 12098783 |
| expression of functional recombinant human lysozyme in transgenic rice cell culture. | using particle bombardment-mediated transformation, a codon-optimized synthetic gene for human lysozyme was introduced into the calli of rice (oryza sativa) cultivar taipei 309. the expression levels of recombinant human lysozyme in the transformed rice suspension cell culture approached approximately 4% of total soluble protein. recombinant human lysozyme was purified to greater than 95% homogeneity using a two-step chromatography process. amino acid sequencing verified that the n-terminus of t ... | 2002 | 12113455 |
| the barley mlo modulator of defense and cell death is responsive to biotic and abiotic stress stimuli. | lack of the barley (hordeum vulgare) seven-transmembrane domain mlo protein confers resistance against the fungal pathogen blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (bgh). to broaden the basis for mlo structure/function studies, we sequenced additional mlo resistance alleles, two of which confer only partial resistance. wild-type mlo dampens the cell wall-restricted hydrogen peroxide burst at points of attempted fungal penetration of the epidermal cell wall, and in subtending mesophyll cells, it suppresse ... | 2002 | 12114562 |
| a novel gene organization: intronic snorna gene clusters from oryza sativa. | based on the analysis of structural features and conserved elements, 27 novel snorna genes have been identified from rice. all of them belong to the c/d box-containing snorna family except for one that belongs to the h/aca box type. the newly found genes fall into six clusters that comprise at least three snorna genes, and in one case as many as nine genes. interestingly, four of the six clusters are located within the largest intron of a protein coding gene. the majority of intronic snorna gene ... | 2002 | 12136108 |
| high-level and ubiquitous expression of the rice cytochrome c gene oscc1 and its promoter activity in transgenic plants provides a useful promoter for transgenesis of monocots. | expression patterns of a rice (oryza sativa) cytochrome c gene oscc1 and its promoter activity were characterized in transgenic rice plants. oscc1 transcripts accumulate in most cell types, but to varying levels. large amounts of oscc1 transcripts are found in the roots, calli, and suspension cells, but relatively lower in mature leaves, demonstrating its higher levels of expression in non-photosynthetic tissues. unlike the human cytochrome c gene, which is responsive to camp, oscc1 expression i ... | 2002 | 12177461 |
| identification of a soybean protein that interacts with gaga element dinucleotide repeat dna. | dinucleotide repeat dna with the pattern (ga)(n)/(tc)(n), so-called gaga elements, control gene expression in animals, and are recognized by a specific regulatory protein. here, a yeast one-hybrid screen was used to isolate soybean (glycine max) cdna encoding a gaga-binding protein (gbp) that binds to (ga)(n)/(ct)(n) dna. soybean gbp was dissimilar from the gaga factor of drosophila melanogaster. recombinant gbp protein did not bind to dinucleotide repeat sequences other than (ga)(n)/(ct)(n). gb ... | 2002 | 12177492 |
| two novel mitogen-activated protein signaling components, osmek1 and osmap1, are involved in a moderate low-temperature signaling pathway in rice. | rice (oryza sativa) anther development is easily damaged by moderately low temperatures above 12 degrees c. subtractive screening of cdna that accumulated in 12 degrees c-treated anthers identified a cdna clone, osmek1, encoding a protein with features characteristic of a mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase kinase. the putative osmek1 protein shows 92% identity to the maize (zea mays) mek homolog, zmmek1. osmek1 transcript levels were induced in rice anthers by 12 degrees c treatment for 48 h ... | 2002 | 12177502 |
| characterization of a hkt-type transporter in rice as a general alkali cation transporter. | we report the characterization of rice oshkt1 (oryza sativa ssp. indica) homologous to the wheat k+/na+-symporter hkt1. expression of oshkt1 in the yeast strain cy162 defective in k+-uptake restored growth at mm and micro m concentrations of k+ and mediated hypersensitivity to na+. when expressed in xenopus oocytes, rice oshkt1 showed uptake characteristics of a na+-transporter but mediated transport of other alkali cations as well. oshkt1 expression was analysed in salt-tolerant rice pokkali an ... | 2002 | 12182709 |
| [identification of a snorna47 gene cluster in oryza sativa]. | small nucleolar rnas (snornas) are required for ribose 2'-o-methylation of eukaryotic ribosomal rna. by researching in international rice genome databases, a snorna gene cluster, consisting of three box c/d snorna gene candidates, was found on chromosome 6. all of snorna coding sequences in this cluster exhibited the characteristic structure of box c/d antisense snorna. they shared conserved box c and box d motifs, a stable terminal stem formed by a 4-6 nt-long inverted repetition sequence locat ... | 2002 | 12198574 |
| [chromosome mapping of the s-b locus for f1 pollen sterility in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) with rapd markers]. | s-b is one locus for f1 pollen sterility in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.), and the genotype of taichung 65 (abridged as t65) is sj/sj, while its isogenic line, tisl2 is si/si at this locus. the results of pollen fertility analysis showed that the pollen of t65 and tisl2 were fertile, but the f1 plant from t65 x tisl2 produced only 40.6% fertile pollens, and the type of sterile pollen was stainable abortive. in f2 population from the cross t65 x tisl2 and bc1f1 population from the cross t65/t ... | 2002 | 12200861 |
| characterization of a novel rice gene osatx and modulation of its expression by components of the stress signalling pathways. | in our search to identify gene(s) involved in the rice self-defense responses, we cloned a novel rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) gene, osatx, a single copy gene, from the ja treated rice seedling leaves cdna library. this gene encodes a 69 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 7649.7 and a pi of 5.6. osatx was responsive to cutting (wounding by cutting the excised leaf), over its weak constitutive expression in the healthy leaves. the critical signalling molecules, jasm ... | 2002 | 12207666 |
| jasmonate-inducible genes are activated in rice by pathogen attack without a concomitant increase in endogenous jasmonic acid levels. | the possible role of the octadecanoid signaling pathway with jasmonic acid (ja) as the central component in defense-gene regulation of pathogen-attacked rice was studied. rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings were treated with ja or inoculated with the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea (hebert) barr., and gene-expression patterns were compared between the two treatments. ja application induced the accumulation of a number of pathogenesis-related (pr) gene products at the mrna and protein levels, b ... | 1997 | 12223690 |
| differential accumulation of salicylic acid and salicylic acid-sensitive catalase in different rice tissues. | we previously proposed that salicylic acid (sa)-sensitive catalases serve as biological targets of sa in plant defense responses. to further examine the role of sa-sensitive catalases, we have analyzed the relationship between sa levels and sa sensitivity of catalases in different rice (oryza sativa) tissues. we show here that, whereas rice shoots contain extremely high levels of free sa, as previously reported (i. raskin, h. skubatz, w. tang, b.j.d. meeuse [1990] ann bot 66: 369-373; p. silverm ... | 1997 | 12223699 |
| gene-expression patterns and levels of jasmonic acid in rice treated with the resistance inducer 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid. | acquired disease resistance can be induced in rice (oryza sativa) by a number of synthetic or natural compounds, but the molecular mechanisms behind the phenomenon are poorly understood. one of the synthetic inducers of resistance, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (ina), efficiently protected rice leaves from infection by the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea (hebert) barr. a comparison of gene-expression patterns in plants treated with ina versus plants inoculated with the compatible pathogen m ... | 1997 | 12223792 |
| l-myo-lnositol 1-phosphate synthase from plant sources (characteristics of the chloroplastic and cytosolic enzymes). | l-myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (ec 5.5.1.4) from cyanobacterial (spirulina platensis), algal (euglena gracilis), and higher plant (oryza sativa, vigna radiata) sources was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, biochemically characterized, and compared. both chloroplastic and cytosolic forms of the enzyme were detected in e. gracilis, o. sativa, and v. radiata, whereas only the cytosolic form was detected in streptomycin-bleached or chloroplastic mutants of e. gracilis and in s. platensis ... | 1997 | 12223840 |
| salicylic acid in rice (biosynthesis, conjugation, and possible role). | salicylic acid (sa) is a natural inducer of disease resistance in some dicotyledonous plants. rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.) had the highest levels of sa among all plants tested for sa content (between 0.01 and 37.19 [mu]g/g fresh weight). the second leaf of rice seedlings had slightly lower sa levels than any younger leaves. to investigate the role of sa in rice disease resistance, we examined the levels of sa in rice (cv m-201) after inoculation with bacterial and fungal pathogens. sa levels ... | 1995 | 12228500 |
| characterization and physiological function of class i low-molecular-mass, heat-shock protein complex in soybean. | examination of an ammonium sulfate-enriched fraction (70-100% saturation) of heat-shock proteins (hsps) by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a high molecular mass complex (280 kd) in soybean (glycine max) seedlings. this complex cross-reacted with antibodies raised against soybean class i low-molecular-mass (lmw) hsps. dissociation of the complex by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the complex to contain at least 15 polypeptides of the ... | 1995 | 12228501 |
| development of desiccation tolerance during embryogenesis in rice (oryza sativa) and wild rice (zizania palustris) (dehydrin expression, abscisic acid content, and sucrose accumulation). | the ability of seeds to withstand desiccation develops during embryogenesis and differs considerably among species. paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) grains readily survive dehydration to as low as 2% water content, whereas north american wild rice (zizania palustris var interior [fasset] dore) grains are not tolerant of water contents below 6% and are sensitive to drying and imbibition conditions. during embryogenesis, dehydrin proteins, abscisic acid (aba), and saccharides are synthesized, and all ... | 1994 | 12232094 |
| rice triosephosphate isomerase gene 5[prime] sequence directs [beta]-glucuronidase activity in transgenic tobacco but requires an intron for expression in rice. | in rice (oryza sativa l.), cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) is encoded by a single gene. tpi catalyzes a vital step in glycolysis, and rna blots showed that the tpi gene is expressed in all vegetative tissues (root, culm, and leaves) and in rice suspension cells. no effect of light on expression was detected, but submergence of rice seedlings resulted in elevated levels of tpi mrna in roots and culms. the 2767-bp 5[prime] upstream sequence of the tpi gene was fused translationally with ... | 1994 | 12232342 |
| identification of posttranslationally modified 18-kilodalton protein from rice as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a. | using anther-derived rice (oryza sativa l.) cell-suspension cultures, we have identified an 18-kd protein that is posttranslationally modified by spermidine and is influenced by endogenous polyamine levels. the posttranslationally modified residue has been identified as the unusual amino acid hypusine [n[epsilon]-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry analyses. differential labeling of the protein with labe ... | 1994 | 12232418 |
| rice phosphate transporters include an evolutionarily divergent gene specifically activated in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. | using a genome-wide approach, we asked how many transporter genes contribute to symbiotic phosphate uptake and analyzed their evolutionary conservation. considering the sequenced rice genome at hand, only the oryza sativa phosphate transporter (ospt) gene ospt11 was specifically induced during the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. this induction was confined to the root system and was tightly correlated with the degree of root colonization by glomus intraradices. ospt11 activation was independen ... | 2002 | 12271140 |
| purification and characterization of beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase from rice seeds. | n-acetyl-beta-d-hexosaminidase (beta-hexnac'ase) (ec 3.2.1.52) was purified from rice seeds (oryza sativa l. var. dongjin) using ammonium sulfate (80%) precipitation, sephadex g-150, cm-sephadex, and deae-sephadex chromatography, sequentially. the activities were separated into 7 fractions (fsub1;- f7sub7) by cm-sephadex chromatography. among them, f6 was further purified to homogeneity with a 13.0% yield and 123.3 purification-fold. the molecular mass was estimated to be about 52 kda on sds-pag ... | 2002 | 12297015 |
| evaluation of proteome reference maps for cross-species identification of proteins by peptide mass fingerprinting. | we tested whether proteome reference maps established for one species can be used for cross-species protein identification by comparing two-dimensional protein gel patterns and protein identification data of two closely related bacterial strains and four plant species. first, proteome profiles of two strains of the fully sequenced bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti were compared as an example of close relatedness, high reproducibility and sequence availability. secondly, the proteome profiles of t ... | 2002 | 12362347 |
| inventory and functional characterization of the hak potassium transporters of rice. | plants take up large amounts of k(+) from the soil solution and distribute it to the cells of all organs, where it fulfills important physiological functions. transport of k(+) from the soil solution to its final destination is mediated by channels and transporters. to better understand k(+) movements in plants, we intended to characterize the function of the large kt-hak-kup family of transporters in rice (oryza sativa cv nipponbare). by searching in databases and cdna cloning, we have identifi ... | 2002 | 12376644 |
| [anther culture generated stem borer-resistance dh lines of minghui 81(oryza sativa l. subsp. indica) expressing modified cry1ac gene]. | 2600 anthers from t0 modified cry1 ac-transgenic rice lines of minghui 81, an elite restoring line of commercial cms indica hybrid rice, were cultured on sk3 media. 83 green plantlets were recovered, 43 double haploid (dh) and 40 haploid among them. results of pcr analyzes indicated that 55 plants of 83 were harbored the cry1ac gene, and the ratio of cry1ac-positive against cry1ac-negative was 2:1 (55/28). 36 putative transgenic dh plants were further confirmed by southern blot. elisa detection ... | 2002 | 12385240 |
| effects of fly ash and helminthosporium oryzae on growth and yield of three cultivars of rice. | a 120-day greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of various fly ash concentrations (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% vol/vol) with normal field soil and helminthosporium oryzae on the growth and yield of three cultivars (pusa basmati, pant-4 and pant-10) of rice, oryza sativa l. application of 20% and 40% fly ash with soil caused a significant increase in plant growth and yield of all the three cultivars. forty percent fly ash caused a higher increase in growth and yield than di ... | 2003 | 12421012 |
| alpha-galactosidase from cultured rice (oryza sativa l. var. nipponbare) cells. | the alpha-galactosidase from rice cell suspension cultures was purified to homogeneity by different techniques including affinity chromatography using n-epsilon-aminocaproyl-alpha-d-galactopyranosylamine as the ligand. from 11 l of culture filtrate, 28.7 mg of purified enzyme was obtained with an overall yield of 51.9%. the cdna coding for the alpha-galactosidase was cloned and sequenced. the enzyme was found to contain 417 amino acid residues composed of a 55 amino acid signal sequence and 362 ... | 2002 | 12423882 |
| evolutionary relationships among rice species with aa genome based on sine insertion analysis. | previous studies based on morphological and molecular markers indicated that there are two cultivated and five wild rice species within the oryza genus with the aa genome. in the cultivated rice species, oryza sativa, a retroposon named p-sine1 has been identified. some of the p-sine1 members characterized previously showed interspecific insertion polymorphisms in the species with the aa genome. in this study, we identified new p-sine1 members showing interspecific insertion polymorphisms from r ... | 2002 | 12441643 |
| molecular characterization of a salt-tolerant bacterial community in the rice rhizosphere. | the diversity of salt-tolerant bacteria present in the rhizosphere of oryza sativa was investigated. fourteen bacterial strains, isolated after enrichment in nitrogen-free, semi-solid medium and showing tolerance to 3% nacl, were analyzed by restriction patterns produced by amplified dna coding for 16s rdna (ardra) with enzymes sau3ai, alui and rsai which showed that they were represented by 4 ardra types. biodiversity among the 14 strains was also analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dn ... | 2002 | 12455705 |
| search for and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in rice (oryza sativa, oryza rufipogon) and establishment of snp markers. | we searched for snps in 417 regions distributed throughout the genome of three oryza sativa ssp. japonica cultivars, two indica cultivars, and a wild rice (o. rufipogon). we found 2800 snps in approximately 250,000 aligned bases for an average of one snp every 89 bp, or one snp every 232 bp between two randomly selected strains. graphic representation of the frequency of snps along each chromosome showed uneven distribution of polymorphism-rich and -poor regions, but little obvious association w ... | 2002 | 12465716 |
| isolation and characterization of two fructokinase cdna clones from rice. | two cdna clones, osfki and osfkii, encoding fructokinase (ec 2.7.1.4) were isolated from immature seeds of rice (oryza sativa l.) by pcr. osfki cdna encoded a deduced protein of 323 amino acids that was 59-71% identical to previously characterized plant fructokinases. in contrast, osfkii cdna encoded a deduced protein of 336 amino acids that shared only 64% amino acid identity with osfki. the deduced proteins both possessed an atp-binding motif and putative substrate recognition site sequences t ... | 2003 | 12475618 |
| metabolism of homocysteine-thiolactone in plants. | editing of the amino acid homocysteine (hcy) by certain aminoacyl-trna synthetases results in the formation of an intramolecular thioester, hcy-thiolactone. here we show that the plant yellow lupin, lupinus luteus, has the ability to synthesize hcy-thiolactone. the inhibition of methylation of hcy to methionine by the anitifolate drug aminopterin results in greatly enhanced synthesis of hcy-thiolactone by l. luteus plants. methionine inhibits the synthesis of hcy-thiolactone in l. luteus, sugges ... | 2003 | 12496251 |