| portal net appearance of amino acids in growing pigs fed a barley-based diet with inclusion of three different forage meals. | the net absorption of amino acids (aa) in young pigs fed a barley-based control diet (c) and diets where barley was replaced by 200 g/kg fresh weight of dried lucerne (medicago sativa; l20), white clover (trifolium repens; w20) or perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne; pr20) meal was studied. castrated male pigs were fitted with permanent catheters in the hepatic portal vein and mesenteric artery, and the hepatic portal net absorption of aa was estimated from the porto-arterial plasma concentration ... | 2000 | 11103219 |
| cloning and expression of a distinct subclass of plant thioredoxins. | mrnas encoding a novel thioredoxin were isolated from pollen rna of lolium perenne (lptrx), hordeum bulbosum (hbtrx), phalaris coerulescens (ptrx) and secale cereale (sctrx). the cdnas contain a single orf of 393 bp encoding a protein of 131 amino acids. the predicted proteins showed highest homology to plant thioredoxins of the h class yet form a distinct subgroup that is characterized by a high level of sequence conservation (95.4-97.7% identity). genbank searches revealed additional members o ... | 2000 | 11106422 |
| overseeding endophytic perennial ryegrass into stands of kentucky bluegrass to manage bluegrass billbug (coleoptera: curculionidae). | studies were conducted to determine the utility of overseeding endophyte enhanced varieties of perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne l., into existing stands of kentucky bluegrass, poa pratensis l., to manage bluegrass billbug, sphenophorus parvulus gyllenhal, larval populations and their damage. two commercial varieties of endophyte enhanced perennial ryegrass (repell ii and triple play) were overseeded at two different rates in the field. s. parvulus larval populations, their damage, and turfgras ... | 2000 | 11142296 |
| the effect of applying sodium fertilizer on the rate of digestion of perennial ryegrass and white clover incubated in rumen liquor, with implications for ruminal tympany in cattle. | a high herbage k:na ratio increases the risk of ruminal tympany in cattle, which may relate to digestion rate. experiment 1 examined whether in vitro digestibility of ryegrass was affected by nacl fertilizer or by na concentration in artificial saliva. fertilizer na increased grass digestibility, but na in artificial saliva decreased it, probably due to the energy cost of sodium exclusion from bacteria. increased herbage digestibility with fertilizer na is therefore not due to additional na, but ... | 2001 | 11145830 |
| a terminal flower1-like gene from perennial ryegrass involved in floral transition and axillary meristem identity. | control of flowering and the regulation of plant architecture have been thoroughly investigated in a number of well-studied dicot plants such as arabidopsis, antirrhinum, and tobacco. however, in many important monocot seed crops, molecular information on plant reproduction is still limited. to investigate the regulation of meristem identity and the control of floral transition in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) we isolated a ryegrass terminal flower1-like gene, lptfl1, and characterized it ... | 2001 | 11244130 |
| association between feeding perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne cultivar grasslands impact) containing high concentrations of ergovaline, and health and productivity in a herd of lactating dairy cows. | perennial ryegrasses are frequently infected with fungal endophyte (neotyphodium lolii) to increase the resistance of the plant to insect damage. unfortunately, a side effect of endophyte infection can be the production of alkaloids, including lolitrem b and ergovaline, that produce toxic effects in animals. a significant 4.6 litre decrease in milk production in a herd of holstein-friesian dairy cows was associated with high concentrations of ergovaline in ryegrass silage. simultaneously, milk s ... | 2001 | 11349413 |
| correlation of endophyte toxins (ergovaline and lolitrem b) with clinical disease: fescue foot and perennial ryegrass staggers. | fescue foot, summer syndrome, reproductive problems, and ryegrass staggers are all diseases of livestock related to endophyte toxins in pasture grasses. range finding experiments and case studies of fescue foot relative to ergovaline toxin found in endophyte infected tall fescue and lolitrem b present in endophyte infected perennial ryegrass were conducted. within 42 d of initiating a feeding trial with chopped tall fescue straw containing 825 ppb ergovaline and at environmental temperatures of ... | 2001 | 11383653 |
| release of allergen-bearing cytoplasm from hydrated pollen: a mechanism common to a variety of grass (poaceae) species revealed by electron microscopy. | the release of submicronic particles from grass pollen after rainfall was suggested to be responsible for outbreaks of grass pollen asthma. recently, we provided evidence for the release of respirable allergen-bearing particles from hydrated ryegrass (lolium perenne ) pollen as a possible explanation for this phenomenon. | 2001 | 11447390 |
| adaptation of ruminococcus flavefaciens resulting in increased degradation of ryegrass cell walls. | this study investigated the long term adaptation of a ruminal bacterium to growth on four different plant cell wall substrates. no significant increase in degradation was detected for lucerne, barley straw or weeping lovegrass after 23 serial subcultures of the cellulolytic rumen bacterium ruminococcus flavefaciens strain 17 on each of these substrates. significantly increased substrate degradation by r. flavefaciens strain 17 was however observed after 23 subcultures on perennial ryegrass. the ... | 2001 | 11451517 |
| allergen-induced basophil activation: cd63 cell expression detected by flow cytometry in patients allergic to dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and lolium perenne. | in this study, we determined by flow cytometry the percentage of basophils activated after in vitro stimulation by allergens and expressing the cd63 marker. the diagnostic reliability of the technique was assessed as well as its correlation with other in vitro diagnostic parameters. | 2001 | 11467990 |
| surface runoff pollution by cattle slurry and inorganic fertilizer spreading: chemical oxygen demand, ortho-phosphates, and electrical conductivity levels for different buffer strip lengths. | as a way of dealing with the removal of pollutants from farming practices generated wastewater in the eu, we investigate the effect of spreading cattle slurry and inorganic fertiliser on 8 x 5 m2 and 8 x 3 m2 areas, referred to surface runoff chemical oxygen demand (cod), ortho-phosphates (o-p) and electrical conductivity (ec) levels, and the efficiency of grass buffer strips of various lengths in removing pollutants from runoff. the experimental plot was a 15% sloped lolium perenne pasture. sur ... | 2001 | 11496670 |
| elimination of ergovaline from a grass-neotyphodium endophyte symbiosis by genetic modification of the endophyte. | the fungal endophytes neotyphodium lolii and neotyphodium sp. lp1 from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), and related endophytes in other grasses, produce the ergopeptine toxin ergovaline, among other alkaloids, while also increasing plant fitness and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. in the related fungus, claviceps purpurea, the biosynthesis of ergopeptines requires the activities of two peptide synthetases, lps1 and lps2. a peptide synthetase gene hypothesized to be important for erg ... | 2001 | 11592979 |
| detection of endophyte toxins in the imported perennial ryegrass straw. | from 1997 to 1999, 29 cases of disorders were detected in cattle and horses that had been fed ryegrass straw imported from the u.s.a. these animals showed symptoms resembling ryegrass staggers and the clinical signs disappeared after removal of the straw. endophytic hyphae were detected in the seeds of all straw samples that were responsible for the clinical cases. lolitrem b concentrations in the straw ranged between 972 and 3740 ppb. ergovaline concentrations were between 355 and 1300 ppb. eve ... | 2001 | 11642270 |
| black cutworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larval emigration and biomass in mixtures of endophytic perennial ryegrass and kentucky bluegrass. | studies examined the possibility that mixtures of endophytic perennial ryegrass and kentucky bluegrass provide resistance against larvae of the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel). we hypothesized that resistance against a. ipsilon in such stands would stem from the influence of kentucky bluegrass on a. ipsilon growth and behavior rather than the influence of endophytic perennial rvegrass. in replicated greenhouse experiments, black cutworm larvae initially emigrated more quickly from pots ... | 2001 | 11681682 |
| in planta regulation of extension of an endophytic fungus and maintenance of high metabolic rates in its mycelium in the absence of apical extension. | the fungus neotyphodium lolii is an endophytic symbiont. it grows in the intercellular spaces of the perennial ryegrass lolium perenne, producing secondary metabolites which enhance the fitness of the association over that of uninfected l. perenne. we report that the average number of hyphal strands in a given section of a leaf remains constant during the life of a leaf, indicating synchrony of leaf and hyphal extension, including cessation of hyphal extension when leaf extension ceases. we used ... | 2001 | 11722882 |
| ryegrass host genetic control of concentrations of endophyte-derived alkaloids. | endophytic fungi in pasture grasses produce alkaloids which affect invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores. while the competence to produce an alkaloid is a property of the fungus, the host plant may moderate fungal activity. host genetic influence on endophyte activity was studied in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) infected with a common strain of neotyphodium lolii (latch, christensen & samuels) glenn, bacon & hanlin. progeny seedling families of a partial diallel cross and their 12 pare ... | 2002 | 11756253 |
| dynamic and steady-state responses of inorganic nitrogen pools and nh(3) exchange in leaves of lolium perenne and bromus erectus to changes in root nitrogen supply. | short- and long-term responses of inorganic n pools and plant-atmosphere nh(3) exchange to changes in external n supply were investigated in 11-week-old plants of two grass species, lolium perenne and bromus erectus, characteristic of n-rich and n-poor grassland ecosystems, respectively. a switch of root n source from no(-)(3)to nh(4)(+) caused within 3 h a 3- to 6-fold increase in leaf apoplastic nh(4)(+) concentration and a simultaneous decrease in apoplastic ph of about 0.4 ph units in both s ... | 2002 | 11842177 |
| [the effects of the primary growth of two ryegrasses on the dynamics of changes in digestibility and feed intake by sheep]. | dynamics of changes in digestibility and feed intake by sheep of two ryegrass species during primary growth environmental impacts can cause short-term variations in chemical composition and feeding value of grass swards during growth and maturation and induce concomitant changes of intake of these grasses by animals. continuous digestion trials are effective in observing the dynamics of these variations. therefore this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maturity-related alterations i ... | 2001 | 11906563 |
| influence of flavor on goat feeding preferences. | goat feeding preferences for straw pellets flavored with ryegrass (lolium perenne, cv. belida) or white clover (trifolium repens, cv. huia) aromatic extracts, obtained by means of a cold aromatic extraction method, were assessed with cafeteria trials. prior to the trials, odor differences between the two plant species, the two aromatic extracts, and the straw pellets sprayed with the two aromatic extracts were verified using sensory analysis performed by 30 human panelists. since odor difference ... | 2002 | 11925067 |
| grass species and endophyte effects on survival and development of fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | grass selections including 10 zoysiagrasses, 18 paspalums, 34 bermuda grasses, tall fescue, creeping red fescue, and perennial ryegrasses with and without endophyte were evaluated for potential resistance to fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), larvae. laboratory evaluations assessed the degree of antibiosis among >70 grass lines to first-instar fall armvworms. when all parameters measured were considered, the trend in resistance to fall armyworm among endophyte-infected (e+) and ... | 2002 | 12020031 |
| degradation of fresh ryegrass by methanogenic co-cultures of ruminal fungi grown in the presence or absence of fibrobacter succinogenes. | the ability of five ruminal fungi in syntrophic co-culture with the methanogen methanobrevibacter smithii to degrade perennial ryegrass ( lolium perenne) stem fragments and leaf blades was studied to determine the susceptibilities of non-autoclaved fresh tissues to fungal degradation. autoclaving did not significantly increase fungal degradation of stem fragments but strongly increased degradation of leaf blades by a species of caecomyces. in methanogenic co-cultures, non-autoclaved stem fragmen ... | 2002 | 12029527 |
| phytoremediation of subarctic soil contaminated with diesel fuel. | the effects of several plant species, native to northern latitudes, and different soil amendments, on diesel fuel removal from soil were studied. plant treatments included scots pine (pinus sylvestris), poplar (populus deltoides x wettsteinii), a grass mixture (red fescue, fesuca rubra; smooth meadowgrass, poa pratensis and perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne) and a legume mixture (white clover, trifolium repens and pea, pisum sativum). soil amendments included npk fertiliser, a compost extract a ... | 2002 | 12118697 |
| attenuation of groundwater contamination caused by cattle slurry: a plot-scale experimental study. | infiltration of contaminants was investigated in a flat pasture plot lolium perenne l. which received 250 m3/ha of cattle slurry. lysimeters and piezometers had previously been installed in the plot to sample groundwater at different depths. water samples were analysed for ph, conductivity, nh4(+), no3-, orthophosphate, cl-, na+, k+, ca2+, mg2+ and chemical oxygen demand (cod), and for faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci. contaminant concentrations in water samples taken in lysimeters at a ... | 2002 | 12139326 |
| is lolium pollen from an urban environment more allergenic than rural pollen? | allergy to grass pollen is a highly prevalent allergic disease. hay fever is more predominant in urban than in rural areas, despite the increasingly smaller areas of surrounding grassland. the effect of vehicle exhaust pollutants, mainly diesel particles, and other industrial sources of atmospheric pollution leading to plant damage has been implicated in this phenomenon. | 2002 | 12199966 |
| a novel fungal protease expressed in endophytic infection of poa species. | the fungus acremonium typhinum produces a novel endoprotease during symbiotic endophytic infection of the grass, poa ampla. this protease is unusual because it is highly active in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. the enzyme is a thiol-containing serine protease and is localized to a crude membrane fraction. similar protease activity has been detected in endophyte-infected poa autumnalis and poa sylvestris plants. expression of this protease may be important in endophytic infection of poa ... | 1993 | 12231854 |
| effects of grazing undrenched weaner deer on chicory or perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture on the viability of gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms. | this study determined the in vitro effects on the viability of internal parasites of grazing undrenched weaner deer on either chicory (cichorium intybus) or perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne)/white clover (trifolium repens) pasture. one experiment investigated the hatching and development of gastrointestinal nematode eggs and larvae, and the development and motility of l1 lungworm (dictyocaulus eckerti) larvae, and a second experiment used larval migration inhibition assays to test the viabilit ... | 2002 | 12371691 |
| [allergens and risk factors in pediatric patients with allergic seasonal conjunctivitis]. | the seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammatory disease of the ocular surface that affects mainly children, with predominance of male sex. it is an immunological disease with a typical reaction of hypersensitivity type 1 (ige), resulted from several biological reactions (antigen-antibody) and it's associated to several risk factors. | 2002 | 12374042 |
| alpha-tocopherol concentrations and case life of lamb muscle as influenced by concentrate or pasture finishing. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate alpha-tocopherol accumulation in muscle of lambs finished on pasture or concentrates. the objective for exp. 1 was to compare accumulation of alpha-tocopherol in the longissimus muscle of pasture-fed lambs to that of lambs fed three concentrations (15, 150, and 300 iu/kg of dm) of supplemental vitamin e (all rac alpha-tocopheryl acetate) in all-concentrate diets. the objective in exp. 2 was to investigate the effect of duration of supplemental vitamin e ... | 2002 | 12413072 |
| lotus corniculatus condensed tannins decrease in vivo populations of proteolytic bacteria and affect nitrogen metabolism in the rumen of sheep. | condensed tannins in forage legumes improve the nutrition of sheep by reducing ruminal degradation of plant protein and increasing crude protein flow to the intestine. however, the effects of condensed tannins in forage legumes on rumen bacterial populations in vivo are poorly understood. the aim of this study was to investigate the specific effects of condensed tannins from lotus corniculatus on four proteolytic rumen bacteria in sheep during and after transition from a ryegrass (lolium perenne ... | 2002 | 12489781 |
| feed intake of young double-muscled bulls fed on grass and supplemented with sugar-beet pulp. | daily dry matter intake in young growing double-muscled bulls, fed indoors on grass, was estimated based on forty-four intake data from 28 animals, ageing at least five months and weighing up to 400 kg live weight. intake was measured during five consecutive days using one of eighteen cuts of grass. fresh meadow grass (mainly lolium perenne) was fed ad libitum and two kg dried sugar-beet pulp was offered per animal and per day. animal live weight averaged 278 +/- 82 kg and mean total daily dry m ... | 2002 | 12556046 |
| the physico-chemical characterization of a boiling stable antifreeze protein from a perennial grass (lolium perenne). | we have characterized a cold-induced, boiling stable antifreeze protein. this highly active ice recrystallization inhibition protein shows a much lower thermal hysteresis effect and displays binding behavior that is uncharacteristic of any afp from fish or insects. ice-binding studies show it binds to the (1 0 1 0) plane of ice and ftir studies reveal that it has an unusual type of highly beta-sheeted secondary structure. ice-binding studies of both glycosylated and nonglycosylated expressed for ... | 2003 | 12573283 |
| the effect of birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) and chicory (cichorium intybus) on parasite intensities and performance of lambs naturally infected with helminth parasites. | conventionally, farmers rely upon the routine use of anthelmintics to control helminth parasites and their use has proved highly cost-effective. however, several factors, including the emergence of helminths resistant to pharmaceutical anthelmintics, are forcing farmers to seek alternative approaches to parasite control. studies in new zealand have shown that some alternative forages may reduce parasitic infestation in sheep. in the current study, it was found that under uk environmental conditi ... | 2003 | 12581592 |
| the development of trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae on a range of herbage species or on plots of differing topographical aspect. | five "contaminations", where faeces containing trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs were deposited on pasture and serially recovered, were used to compare the rate of decline of faecal mass and larval development. in the first three contaminations, faeces from a common source were deposited on swards of browntop (agrostis capillaris cv grasslands muster), ryegrass (lolium perenne cv grassland nui), white clover (trifolium pratense cv grassland tahora), or onto bare ground in the late spring, summ ... | 2003 | 12591198 |
| surveys of microfungi in a former industrial area in duisburg-nord. | one hundred and forty microfungi (ascomycetes and deuteromycetes) were collected in the "landschaftspark duisburg-nord" located in north rhine-westphalia. new hosts for rarely found fungi are recorded for the first time. new for germany are massaria inquinans (tode) de not. and nitschkia grevillei (rhem) nannf. on acer pseudoplatanus l., pirottaea nigrostriata graddon on artemisia vulgaris l., ceratopycnis clematidis höhn. on clematis vitalba l., dasyscyphus aff. humuli (w. phillips) dennis on h ... | 2002 | 12701427 |
| carbon mineralisation and plant growth in soil amended with compost samples at different degrees of maturity. | the carbon and nitrogen mineralisation of a composting mixture of brewing yeast and lemon tree prunings was studied, at different degrees of stabilisation of this matrix, within an incubation experiment in soil. meanwhile, a growth test in pots with ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) was carried out using the selected soil and equal amounts of the composting mixture taken at different maturation steps, in order to evaluate the additions of these organic amendments in terms of fertilising value. sample ... | 2003 | 12739731 |
| epidemiology of atopy in 220 children. diagnostic reliability of skin prick tests and total and specific ige levels. | we have prospectively studied 220 children attending our division because they suffered from atopic dermatitis (ad), asthma, and allergic rhinitis (ar), to assess the epidemiology of atopic diseases, and effectiveness of the diagnostic tests commonly used in allergic children. | 2003 | 12754457 |
| [legume cross-reactivity]. | legumes are dicotyledonous plants belonging to the fabales order. the main distinctive characteristic of which is their fruit (legumen, seeds contained in pods). this botanical order is formed by three families: mimosaceae, caesalpiniaceae and papilionaceae or fabacea. the papilionaceae family includes the most important allergenic species: lens culinaris (lentil), cicer arietinum (chick-pea), pisum sátivum (pea), arachis hipogea (peanut), phaseolus vulgaris (bean) y glycine max (soy). legumes a ... | 2003 | 12783766 |
| effects of earthworms and organic litter distribution on plant performance and aphid reproduction. | human management practices and large detritivores such as earthworms incorporate plant litter into the soil, thereby forming a heterogeneous soil environment from which plant roots extract nutrients. in a greenhouse experiment we investigated effects of earthworms and spatial distribution of (15)n-labelled grass litter on plants of different functional groups [ lolium perenne (grass), plantago lanceolata (forb), trifolium repens (legume)]. earthworms enhanced shoot and root growth in l. perenne ... | 2003 | 12844255 |
| morphological compatibility of white clover and perennial ryegrass cultivars grown under two nitrate levels in flowing solution culture. | the effects of nitrate (no3-) supply on shoot morphology, vertical distribution of shoot and root biomass and total nitrogen (n) acquisition by two perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) cultivars (aberelan and preference) and two white clover (trifolium repens l.) cultivars (grasslands huia and aberherald) were studied in flowing nutrient culture. cultivars were grown from seed as monocultures and the clovers inoculated with rhizobium. the 6-week measurement period began on day 34 (grasses) and ... | 2003 | 12876188 |
| hot alkali-labile linkages in the walls of the forage grass phalaris aquatica and lolium perenne and their relation to in vitro wall digestibility. | the factors affecting in vitro dry matter digestibility (ivdmd) of fully mature internodes of 150 lines of the forage grass, phalaris aquatica, and internodes of 100 lines of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), harvested just after anthesis, were investigated. the relationships between ivdmd and the contents of acetyl bromide lignin, and ester-ether linkages between lignin and wall polysaccharides, measured by hydroxycinnamic acids (hcas) released by 4 m naoh at 170 degrees c respectively, were ... | 2003 | 12943783 |
| mass spectrometric analysis of electrophoretically separated allergens and proteases in grass pollen diffusates. | pollens are important triggers for allergic asthma and seasonal rhinitis, and proteases released by major allergenic pollens can injure airway epithelial cells in vitro. disruption of mucosal epithelial integrity by proteases released by inhaled pollens could promote allergic sensitisation. | 2003 | 14577842 |
| the effect of dietary forage on the development and survival of helminth parasites in ovine faeces. | studies in new zealand and the uk have shown that lambs grazing birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) or chicory (cichorium intybus) have reduced parasite intensities compared to lambs grazing ryegrass swards. however, data in the literature on the influence of forages on helminth parasites is equivocal and the underlying mechanisms by which different forage diets may affect these parasites have not been fully determined. the aim of the experiments reported here was to investigate the hypothesi ... | 2003 | 14651879 |
| [young perennial ryegrass staggers in a dairy herd]. | ryegrass staggers was diagnosed in a group of young stock on a dairy farm in the netherlands. the cattle were fed on ryegrass hay originating from a farm in the region. the typical clinical signs observed in this herd were difficulty in rising, hypermetria of especially the front legs, incoordination, and tremors of the head and neck muscles. the morbidity of the illness was about 80 percent and there was no mortality. four weeks after withdrawal of the hay, the animals recovered completely. the ... | 2004 | 15156654 |
| selection of a highly virulent fungal isolate, metarhizium anisopliae clo 53, for controlling hoplia philanthus. | the june beetle, hoplia philanthus füessly (coleoptera: scarabaeidae), has become a widespread and destructive insect pest of lawns, sport turf, pastures, and horticultural crops in belgium. the virulence of 34 entomopathogenic fungal isolates from the genera metarhizium, beauveria, and paecilomyces to third-instar h. philanthus was tested in bioassays by dipping larvae in 10(7)conidia/ml suspensions. two isolates of metarhizium anisopliae (clo 53 and clo 54) caused maximally 90% mortality 10 we ... | 2004 | 15050838 |
| turfgrass, crop, and weed hosts of blissus occiduus (hemiptera: lygaeidae). | blissus occiduus barber is an important pest of buffalograss, buchloë dactyloides (nuttall) engelmann, turf. no-choice studies documented the susceptibility of selected turfgrasses, crops, and weeds to b. occiduus feeding. highly to moderately susceptible grasses included buffalograss; yellow setaria glauca (l.) and green foxtail setaria viridis (l.); kentucky bluegrass, poa pratensis l.; perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne l.; brome, bromus spp. leyss.; zoysiagrass, zoysia japonica steudel; berm ... | 2004 | 14998128 |
| lolitrem b residue in fat tissues of cattle consuming endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass straw. | lolitrems are neurotoxins found in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass. lolitrems, primarily lolitrem b, are the causative agents of ryegrass staggers in livestock. to guarantee the safety of meat produced from cattle consuming endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass, lolitrem b concentrations in tissues of japanese black cattle were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. lolitrem b was not detected in muscle, liver, kidney, or cerebrum of a japanese black cow with signs of rye ... | 2004 | 15305749 |
| evaluation of perennial ryegrass straw as a forage source for ruminants. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate perennial ryegrass straw as a forage source for ruminants. experiment 1 evaluated digestion and physiological variables in steers offered perennial ryegrass straw containing increasing levels of ergot alkaloid, lolitrem b. sixteen ruminally cannulated angus x hereford steers (231+/-2 kg bw) were blocked by weight and assigned randomly to one of four treatments. steers were provided perennial ryegrass straw at 120% of the previous 5-d average intake. bef ... | 2004 | 15309967 |
| discrimination against 13c during degradation of simple and complex substrates by two white rot fungi. | changes in isotopic 13c signatures of co2-c evolved during decomposition of a sugar (glucose), a fatty acid (palmitic acid), a protein (albumin), a structural biopolymer (lignin) and bulk plant tissue (aerial shoots from lolium perenne) were monitored over a period of 76 days. all materials were sterilized and inoculated with either of two different species of white rot fungi, phanerochaete chrysosporium or coriolus versicolor, and incubated in sealed bottles at 28 degrees c. the co2 concentrati ... | 2003 | 14648898 |
| beneficial properties of single-domain antibody fragments for application in immunoaffinity purification and immuno-perfusion chromatography. | we explored the possibility to apply single-domain antibodies from camelidae for immunoaffinity purification of the ice structuring protein (isp) from lolium perenne, which modifies ice crystal growth and therefore has potential application in medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and (frozen) foods. using phage display together with an appropriate selection method, a group of candidate fragments was isolated from a llama-derived immune library. affinity chromatography using a purposely selected ... | 2003 | 14642809 |
| the infection process of colletotrichum graminicola and relative aggressiveness on four turfgrass species. | detached 3-week-old leaves of agrostis palustris, lolium perenne, poa annua, and poa pratensis were inoculated with conidial suspensions of two isolates of colletotrichum graminicola obtained from a. palustris. inoculated leaves were incubated at 23 degrees c under high relative humidity (>95%). the infection process was investigated by light microscopy from 2 to 168 h after inoculation (ai). spore germination was observed within 2 h ai, appressoria within 6 h ai, and penetration pores within 8 ... | 2003 | 14569284 |
| comparison of growth performance of lolium perenne l., dactylis glomerata l. and agropyron elongatum (host.) p. beauv. for erosion control in turkey. | this study was carried out in plastic containers to compare growth performances of perennial ryegrass, orchardgrass and tall wheatgrass to be given priority in revegetation studies in turkey. three pre-germinated seeds of each grass species were planted separately into the soil in the black plastic containers. seedlings were harvested 2, 4 and 6 months after planting pre-germinated seeds and measured for percentage of seedling emergence, rooting depth, height growth, leaf and tiller development ... | 2003 | 12974411 |
| observations on the vertical migrations of the third-stage larva of haemonchus contortus (rud.) on experimental plots of lolium perenne s24, in relation to meteorological and micrometeorological factors. | | 1950 | 15401178 |
| characteristics of pollinosis caused by betula in patients from ourense (galicia, spain). | a retrospective study was performed to describe the features of the pollinosis caused by betula in the area of ourense, spain. the pollen count was carried out with a lanzoni volumetric hirts spore trap (1993-2000). the betula pollen represented 5% over the annual total (annual mean quantity: 965 grains). it was present in the air from march to mid-may. the highest peaks took place in april (maximum values mean: 131 grains/m3). the medical records of 222 patients (mean age 25.66 years) diagnosed ... | 2003 | 12968397 |
| isolation and characterisation of an invertase cdna from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). | an invertase (lpft2) cdna from perennial ryegrass was isolated and sequenced. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an orf of 2016 bp encoding a protein of 671 amino acids. lpft2 is 76% identical to sugarcane soluble acid invertase, and contains invertase and fructosyltransferase functional domains. lpft2 is present as a single copy gene and maps to the distal region of lg6 in perennial ryegrass. the expression pattern analysis of lpft2 revealed transcript accumulation in seedlings and in mature ... | 2003 | 12964866 |
| stimulation of soil nitrification and denitrification by grazing in grasslands: do changes in plant species composition matter? | stimulation of nitrification and denitrification by long term (from years to decades) grazing has commonly been reported in different grassland ecosystems. however, grazing generally induces important changes in plant species composition, and whether changes in nitrification and denitrification are primarily due to changes in vegetation composition has never been tested. we compared soil nitrification- and denitrification-enzyme activities (nea and dea, respectively) between semi-natural grassla ... | 2003 | 12955489 |
| ruminal degradability of 15n labelled ribonucleic acid in grass. | the ruminal degradation of rna in rye grass (lolium perenne) was studied using the bag method. a non-lactating cow (bw 550 kg) fitted with a rumen cannula was used and fed twice daily at maintenance level with a chopped grass hay-based ration containing 30% ground barley. rye grass, labelled during growth by fertilization with 15n2-urea (9.5 atom% 15n, 20 g n/m2), was cut at seven stages of growth and maturity and freeze-dried. rna-n represented 6 to 17% of total n. labelled grass samples (mille ... | 2004 | 15595618 |
| fate of urine nitrogen in three soils throughout a grazing season. | the fate of 15n-labeled cattle (bos taurus) urine (52 g n m(-2)), applied to a 0.4-m2 surface area on three dates between may and october to three different pasture soils, was studied using 2-m2 lysimeters. over a period of two years, the sward recovered most of the 15n, but the amount recovered decreased with application date (62% in spring to 17% in fall). however, n uptake by ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) in year 2 showed that some nitrogen came from the previous year's urine application. the ... | 2003 | 12931896 |
| does mowing height influence alkaloid production in endophytic tall fescue and perennial ryegrass? | the mutualistic symbiosis following infection of tall fescue, festuca arundinacea, and perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne, by fungal endophyte (neotyphodium spp.) results in the production of alkaloids that are feeding deterrents or toxic to insects and livestock. if the levels of the alkaloids can be manipulated by cultural practices in the grasses that are used for home lawns and golf courses, this could alleviate the need for pesticide applications in urban environments. we evaluated the infl ... | 2003 | 12918918 |
| whole-body fluxes and partitioning of amino acids to the mammary gland of cows fed fresh pasture at two levels of intake during early lactation. | the utilisation of essential amino acids (eaa) by the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows fed fresh forages was studied to provide basic information useful in designing strategies to increase the production of milk protein from pasture-fed dairy cows. the relationship between the flux of eaa in the whole body and their uptake by the mammary gland was determined in four cows in early lactation (length of time in milk 44 (sd 14.5) d) producing 21 (sd 4.0) kg milk/d. the cows were maintained in m ... | 2003 | 12908887 |
| dietary preference of dairy cows grazing ryegrass and white clover. | the dietary preference of lactating dairy cows grazing perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) and white clover (trifolium repens l.) was studied. twelve groups of 2 lactating, holstein-friesian dairy cows grazed 1.2-ha plots containing conterminal monocultures of clover and grass. half of the groups grazed a plot containing 75% clover and 25% grass (by ground area), with the remaining groups grazing a plot containing 25% clover and 75% grass. the intake rates of clover were higher than those of ... | 2004 | 15290979 |
| the effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculants and formic acid on the formation of biogenic amines in grass silages. | silages were prepared in six laboratory experiments from four direct-cut grassland swards and pure swards of perennial ryegrass and false oat with dry matter contents ranging between 180 and 325 g/kg. grass was fermented at 22 degrees c and silages were stored at the same temperature for 4 months. untreated silages (negative control) and silages preserved with 3 g/kg of formic acid (positive control) were compared with silages inoculated with commercial strains of lactobacillus plantarum, lactob ... | 2004 | 15264673 |
| agri-environmental grass hay: nutritive value and intake in comparison with hay from intensively managed grassland. | chemical composition, digestibility, nutritive value and intake of hay from an agri-environmental management (eh) were compared with those from hay (lolium perenne) from an intensive management (ih). ih was of low to moderate quality because of unfavourable weather conditions. eh was harvested mid-june of 2000 (eh1) and 2001 (eh2) on the same sward that had not received mineral fertilizer for 10 years. the eh was characterized by a species-rich botanical composition. on average, it had lower con ... | 2004 | 15264672 |
| preliminary ecotoxicological characterization of a new energetic substance, cl-20. | a new energetic substance hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (or cl-20) was tested for its toxicities to various ecological receptors. cl-20 (epsilon-polymorph) was amended to soil or deionized water to construct concentration gradients. results of microtox (15-min contact) and 96-h algae growth inhibition tests indicate that cl-20 showed no adverse effects on the bioluminescence of marine bacteria vibrio fischeri and the cell density of freshwater green algae selenastrum capricornutum respectively, ... | 2004 | 15234161 |
| atrazine and simazine degradation in pennisetum rhizosphere. | the ability of rhizosphere of four plant species to promote the degradation of charcoal-fixed atrazine and simazine in cement blocks of a long-term contaminated soil when mixed with a normal soil at 1:1 ratio was tested. of the four selected plants viz., rye grass (lolium perenne), tall fescue (festuca arundinacae), pennisetum (pennisetum clandestinum) and a spring onion (allium sp.) used in this study, only p. clandestinum was able to survive in herbicide contaminated soil while other plants di ... | 2004 | 15172598 |
| vegetation establishment on a deposit of zinc mine wastes. | field trials concerning the establishment of plant cover on a deposit of wastes from the ammeberg zinc mine in central sweden were carried out during 1976-1985. different soil conditioners and manures were applied and plant species cultivars were evaluated with regard to plant biomass, vigour, durability and content of zinc, lead and cadmium. sewage sludge and topsoil led to better establishment of grasses than did municipal waste, straw and hydraulic seeding. after 2 years, festuca rubra and po ... | 1989 | 15092483 |
| effect of mecoprop drift on some plant species of conservation interest when grown in standardized mixtures in microcosms. | there has been an increasing awareness of potential impacts of herbicide drift on to vegetation in nature reserves and field margin habitats adjacent to treated areas. previous work using single species bioassays has suggested that the effects of a single drift event are confined close to the sprayer (< 10 m). in the present study eight native dicotyledonous species, with and without a perennial grass (lolium perenne), were grown in standardized microcosms in order to study (1) the effects of he ... | 1991 | 15092089 |
| short-term sequestration of slurry-derived carbon into particle size fractions of a temperate grassland soil. | surface application of animal wastes in intensive grassland systems has caused growing environmental problems during the last decade and, therefore, increasing public and scientific concern. in the present study we examined if the natural abundance 13c stable isotope tracer techniques could be used to investigate a poorly defined aspect of waste application, i.e. incorporation of slurry-derived c and its distribution in soil organic matter (som) fractions with different turnover times of a pastu ... | 2004 | 15085987 |
| fertilizer source effect on ground and surface water quality in drainage from turfgrass. | nutrients in surface and ground water can affect human and aquatic organisms that rely on water for consumption and habitat. a mass-balance field study was conducted over two years (july 2000-may 2001) to determine the effect of nutrient source on turfgrass runoff and leachate. treatments were arranged in an incomplete randomized block design on a slope of 7 to 9% of arkport sandy loam (coarseloamy, mixed, active, mesic lamellic hapludalf) and seeded with kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.) an ... | 2004 | 15074817 |
| the effects of forage provision and group size on the behavior of calves. | the effects of providing alternative forages to individual or group-reared calves on their behavior were examined in 2 experiments. in experiment 1, 24 calves were reared in groups of 3 or individually in straw-bedded pens from age 1 to 7 wk. one-half of the calves in each treatment were provided with ad libitum cut perennial ryegrass herbage. grass intakes and time spent eating grass were greater for grouped calves than for individual calves. providing grass reduced concentrate intake of groupe ... | 2004 | 15290985 |
| endophyte transmission via seeds of lolium perenne l.: immunodetection of fungal antigens. | we traced the presence and distribution of neotyphodium lolii within developing inflorescences and embryos of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.), cultivar "grassland nui," by in situ immunolocalization of fungal proteins. evidence is presented that the fungus penetrates through the rachilla at the base of the ovary, and localizes in a very precise and specific manner in the ovular nucellus, but never enters the embryo sac or the integuments. young embryos do not contain mycelium, but as they ... | 2004 | 15050542 |
| influence of concentrate composition and forage type on retail packaged beef quality. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of type of conserved forage and concentrate composition on the quality of beef held in overwrapped (aerobic) or modified atmosphere packaging under simulated retail display for 17 d. friesian steers (n = 45) were assigned randomly to one of five dietary treatments: 1) extensively fermented grass silage plus silage concentrate (efs); 2) restricted fermented grass silage plus silage concentrate (rfs); 3) starch-based concentrate plus wheat st ... | 2004 | 15318738 |
| comparison of tall fescue (cyperales: gramineae) to other cool-season turfgrasses for tolerance to european chafer (coleoptera: scarabaeidae). | three cultivars of tall fescue, festuca arundinacea schreb., were compared with three cultivars each of fine fescue (festuca spp.), kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.), and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) to evaluate tolerance to root-feeding by european chafer grubs, rhizotrogus majalis (razoumowsky). potted turfgrasses were infested with initial densities equivalent to 33 or 66 grubs per 0.1 m2 on 19 august 2000. more grubs were added in late september and october, bringing the total ... | 2003 | 14977131 |
| the potential of lolium perenne for revegetation of contaminated soil from a metallurgical site. | a greenhouse study was carried out to determine the possibility of using lolium perenne for revegetation of soil from a former ferrous metallurgical plant (naples, south italy) contaminated by cu, pb and zn at levels above current italian regulatory limits. surface soil samples (0-40 cm) from the facility area where raw minerals were disposed (rm1 and rm2), from a nearby unpolluted cultivated soil (c) as control and a 1:3 mixture of the control with the polluted ones (rm1+c and rm2+c) were utili ... | 2004 | 14967498 |
| temperature control of the development of frost hardiness in two populations of leptospermum scoparium. | seedlings of leptospermum scoparium j.r. et g. forst (manuka) originating from seed from a low altitude coastal site (auckland) and from a high altitude inland site (desert road) were grown for 96 days in four controlled environments to compare the relationship between growth temperature and frost hardening. day/night temperature treatments were 12/6, 12/3, 12/0 and 12/-3 degrees c. frost hardiness was determined at 14-day intervals by exposing whole seedlings to temperatures ranging from -2 to ... | 1995 | 14965949 |
| influence of plants on the chemical extractability and biodegradability of 2,4-dichlorophenol in soil. | this study investigated the fate and behaviour of [ul-(14)c] 2,4-dichlorophenol (dcp) in planted (lolium perenne l.) and unplanted soils over 57 days. extractability of [ul-(14)c] 2,4-dcp associated activity was measured using calcium chloride (cacl(2)), acetonitrile-water and dichloromethane (dcm) extractions. biodegradability of [ul-(14)c] 2,4-dcp associated activity was assessed through measurement of (14)co(2) production by a degrader inoculum (burkholderia sp.). although extractability and ... | 2005 | 15327856 |
| impact of lime, nitrogen and plant species on bacterial community structure in grassland microcosms. | a microcosm-based approach was used to study impacts of plant and chemical factors on the bacterial community structure of an upland acidic grassland soil. seven perennial plant species typical of both natural, unimproved (nardus stricta, agrostis capillaris, festuca ovina and f. rubra) and fertilized, improved (holcus lanatus, lolium perenne and trifolium repens) grasslands were either left unamended or treated with lime, nitrogen, or lime plus nitrogen in a 75-day glasshouse experiment. lime a ... | 2004 | 15344932 |
| host plant recognition by the root feeding clover weevil, sitona lepidus (coleoptera: curculionidae). | this study investigated the ability of neonatal larvae of the root-feeding weevil, sitona lepidus gyllenhal, to locate white clover trifolium repens l. (fabaceae) roots growing in soil and to distinguish them from the roots of other species of clover and a co-occurring grass species. choice experiments used a combination of invasive techniques and the novel technique of high resolution x-ray microtomography to non-invasively track larval movement in the soil towards plant roots. burrowing distan ... | 2004 | 15385062 |
| diurnal variation in ruminal ph on the digestibility of highly digestible perennial ryegrass during continuous culture fermentation. | dairy cows grazing high-digestibility pastures exhibit pronounced diurnal variation in ruminal ph, with ph being below values considered optimal for digestion. using a dual-flow continuous culture system, the hypothesis that minimizing diurnal variation in ph would improve digestion of pasture when ph was low, but not at a higher ph, was tested. four treatments were imposed, with ph either allowed to exhibit normal diurnal variation around an average ph of 6.1 or 5.6, or maintained at constant p ... | 2004 | 15453503 |
| use of pruning waste compost as a component in soilless growing media. | the objective of this work was to study the use of pruning wastes compost (pwc) as a growing media component for ornamental plants. the main physical, chemical and biological characteristics of pwc were analysed in order to evaluate its suitability for use in soil-less cultivation. six growth substrates were prepared by mixing pwc with peat (p), ground leaves (gl), sand (s) and spent mushroom compost (smc) in different proportions. two different pot experiments were carried out to test its chara ... | 2005 | 15501667 |
| retention and phytoavailability of radioniobium in soils. | radioniobium is present in long-lived nuclear waste as a result of the activation of zirconium pellets associated with the nuclear fuel. the behaviour of niobium (nb) in the environment and especially its fate in the soil-plant system has not been thoroughly investigated so far. in safety assessment of french long-lived nuclear waste disposal, data concerning the mobility and the bioavailability of nb in soils are needed as well as general trends of its fate in the specific environment around th ... | 2005 | 15511567 |
| countercurrent chromatographic isolation of lolitrem b from endophyte-infected ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) seed. | this paper describes a new method of purification of the lolitrem b, a tremorgenic mycotoxin produced in planta by the endophytic fungus neotyphodium lolii. the method is based on the large-scale isolation of the toxin by countercurrent chromatography (ccc). the lolitrem b content in endophyted ryegrass seed, 11 microg/g or 11 ppm, is extracted by stirring finely ground seeds with ethanol for 3 h at room temperature. the concentrated crude extract contains about 0.6 mg/g or 600 ppm of lolitrem b ... | 2004 | 15628126 |
| bahia grass pollen specific ige is common in seasonal rhinitis patients but has limited cross-reactivity with ryegrass. | perennial ryegrass is a major cause of rhinitis in spring and early summer. bahia grass, paspalum notatum, flowers late into summer and could account for allergic rhinitis at this time. we determined the frequency of serum immunoglobulin (ig)e reactivity with bahia grass in ryegrass pollen allergic patients and investigated ige cross-reactivity between bahia and ryegrass. | 2005 | 15647049 |
| distribution of the fungal endophyte neotyphodium lolii is not a major determinant of the distribution of fungal alkaloids in lolium perenne plants. | the relationships of the distributions of the insect and mammalian mycotoxins, lolitrem b and ergovaline, and the insect-feeding deterrent, peramine, with the distribution of fungal mycelium were investigated in three genotypes of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) infected with the endophyte neotyphodium lolii. in planta levels and distribution of the endophyte and of the three alkaloids were assessed in parallel, and different spatial or temporal concentration gradients were observed for e ... | 2005 | 15652576 |
| testing for direct anthelmintic effects of bioactive forages against trichostrongylus colubriformis in grazing sheep. | the aim of the present study was to investigate potential direct anthelmintic effects of forages that contain plant secondary metabolites (psm) towards the intestinal nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis. for this purpose, we introduced an experimental design, which enabled us to investigate the direct anthelmintic effects of psm-rich forages, without significant interference of possible indirect immunological effects of psm. sixty parasite naive sheep were infected with 8000 t. colubriformis ... | 2004 | 15710524 |
| the consequences of short-term grazing of bioactive forages on established adult and incoming larvae populations of teladorsagia circumcincta in lambs. | the objective of this study was to investigate the consequences of short-term grazing on bioactive forages on (i) the viability and fecundity of established adult teladorsagia circumcincta population and (ii) the establishment and development of incoming t. circumcincta infective larvae. forty-eight, parasite naive, 3-month old, grazing lambs were artificially infected with 8000 infective larvae of t. circumcincta on day 1 of the experiment. on day 21 p.i., lambs were allocated to one of three b ... | 2005 | 15722084 |
| specific plant dna adducts as molecular biomarkers of genotoxic atmospheric environments. | the general purpose of this study was to determine whether the formation of dna addition products ('adducts') in plants could be a valuable biomarker of genotoxic air pollution. plants from several species were exposed to ambient atmosphere at urban and suburban sites representative of different environmental conditions. the levels of no2 and of the quantitatively major genotoxic air pollutants benzene, toluene, and xylene were monitored in parallel with plant exposure. dna adducts were measured ... | 2005 | 15725605 |
| the effects of birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) and chicory (cichorium intybus) when compared with perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) on ovine gastrointestinal parasite development, survival and migration. | two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of birdsfoot trefoil and chicory on parasitic nematode development, survival and migration when compared with perennial ryegrass. in experiment one, sheep faeces, containing 10,385 cooperia curticei eggs were added to 25 cm diameter pots containing birdsfoot trefoil, chicory or ryegrass, and the pots maintained under optimal conditions for nematode parasite development. replicate pots of each forage type were destructively sampled on day ... | 2006 | 16495015 |
| prospective safety study of immunotherapy administered in a cluster schedule. | cluster immunotherapy is becoming an alternative to conventional it due to its shorter schedule, but the safety of such schedule is still controversial. at present, only few studies assess the risk of immunotherapy in a prospective manner, in well-controlled patients, using the same extract and intending to evaluate a single schedule. the aim of the present study is to evaluate the safety of a cluster immunotherapy administration regimen. a total of 91 outpatients (41 male and 50 female), with a ... | 2004 | 15736717 |
| feeding value of pastures for horses. | the feeding value of fresh pasture grazed in situ is determined by animal performance or productivity and could be relatively easily established for growing and lactating horses. despite this, there is a lack of published information on the relative feeding value of different pastures and forages grazed by horses in new zealand and the world. in addition, for adult breeding or non-breeding and young or adult sport or performance horses, the definition of feeding value and its determination remai ... | 2004 | 15768133 |
| sensitization to common allergens, especially pollens, among children with respiratory allergy in the trakya region of turkey. | asthma and allergic rhinitis are common problems in children and the causative pollen allergens vary according to the geographical area. the aim of this study was to investigate patterns of sensitization to common inhalant allergens, especially pollens, in turkish children living in the trakya region and to determine differences between rural and urban areas. allergen skin testing was prospectively performed on 539 children aged between 4 and 17 years with respiratory allergy. the reaction was c ... | 2004 | 15783130 |
| effects of amount of intake and stage of forage maturity on urinary allantoin excretion and estimated microbial crude protein synthesis in the rumen of steers. | using ruminally cannulated steers, we investigated how urinary allantoin excretion was related to variations in feed intake and stage of forage maturity. further, different approaches were compared for predicting ruminal microbial crude protein (mcp) synthesis and its efficiency. experimental diets were arranged in a replicated 3 x 3 latin square design (experiment 1) and a 4 x 4 latin square design (experiment 2). in experiment 1, a mixed diet [forage to concentrate, 68:32 on a dry matter (dm) ... | 2006 | 16519758 |
| the fatty acid composition of muscle fat and subcutaneous adipose tissue of pasture-fed beef heifers: influence of the duration of grazing. | our objective was to determine the effect of the duration of grazing before slaughter on the fatty acid composition of muscle fat and s.c. adipose tissue (sat) of beef heifers. sixty crossbred charolais heifers (n = 15 per treatment) were assigned randomly to one of four dietary treatments: 45 animals (treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were housed at the beginning of the experiment, and 15 (treatment 4) were fed at pasture. two groups of 15 heifers were moved to pasture 40 d (treatment 2) an ... | 2005 | 15827261 |
| soil to plant transfer of 238u, 226ra and 232th on a uranium mining-impacted soil from southeastern china. | both soil and plant samples of nine different plant species grown in soils from southeastern china contaminated with uranium mine tailings were analyzed for the plant uptake and translocation of 238u, 226ra and 232th. substantial differences were observed in the soil-plant transfer factor (tf) among these radionuclides and plant species. lupine (lupinus albus) exhibited the highest uptake of 238u (tf value of 3.7x10(-2)), while chinese mustard (brassica chinensis) had the least (0.5x10(-2)). how ... | 2005 | 15878419 |
| fungal endophyte n-acetylglucosaminidase expression in the infected host grass. | fungal endophytes of the genera neotyphodium and epichlolë are important mutualistic symbionts and pathogens of many cool-season grass species. here we report the characterization of a secreted n-acetylglucosaminidase from the neotyphodium sp. endophyte that infects the grass poa ampla. the enzyme was expressed at low levels within the host, and activity could be detected in the apoplastic protein fraction. low-level expression could also be detected in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass (lol ... | 2005 | 15912954 |
| infection rates of perennial ryegrass seeds (lolium perenne l.) with different fungi. | authors made investigations to map occurrence of different fungal pathogens on seeds of varieties from different grass species. this work presents data on three cultivars of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). when seeds were germinated, eight genuses of fungi were identified belonging to the deuteromycota. alternaria was the most frequently occurred genus. drechslera, bipolaris, cladosporium, stemphylium, and epicoccum spp. has also been found in the seed samples. two genus of fungal pathog ... | 2005 | 16637199 |
| comparison of early development of three grasses: lolium perenne, agrostis stolonifera and poa pratensis. | to improve the management of grass communities, early plant development was compared in three species with contrasting growth forms, a caespitose (lolium perenne), a rhizomatous (poa pratensis) and a caespitose-stoloniferous species (agrostis stolonifera). | 2005 | 15932884 |
| effect of forage legumes and anthelmintic treatment on the performance, nutritional status and nematode parasites of grazing lambs. | recent studies in new zealand and the uk have shown that certain forages reduce parasitic infection in sheep. the aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of legume forages compared to ryegrass on interactions between production, nutritional status and nematodes in grazing lambs. twenty-four male lambs per forage treatment, half of which were treated with anthelmintics on day 0, grazed monocultures of lucerne (medicago sativa), red clover (trifolium pratense) and white clover (trifo ... | 2005 | 15946801 |
| molecular cloning and genetic analysis of a symbiosis-expressed gene cluster for lolitrem biosynthesis from a mutualistic endophyte of perennial ryegrass. | lolitrems are potent tremorgenic mycotoxins that are synthesised by clavicipitaceous fungal endophytes of the epichloë/neotyphodium group in association with grasses. these indole-diterpenes confer major ecological benefits on the grass-endophyte symbiotum. a molecular signature for diterpene biosynthesis is the presence of two geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp) synthases. using degenerate primers for conserved domains of fungal ggpp synthases, we cloned two such genes, ltmg and ggsa, from neotyp ... | 2005 | 15991026 |
| the effect of glyphosate, paraquat and paclobutrazol on lolitrem b levels in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass. | two herbicides (glyphosate and paraquat) and a plant growth regulator (paclobutrazol) were applied to endophyteinfected (acremonium lolii) perennial ryegrass swards. subsamples of these swards were then chemically analysed at intervals up to 28 days later for lolitrem b, the compound responsible for perennial ryegrass staggers in domestic livestock. glyphosate and paclobutrazol had no effect on lolitrem b concentrations. paraquat applications decreased lolitrem b concentrations in the herbage. b ... | 1995 | 16031833 |
| novel forages for growth and health in farmed deer. | aims: this paper reviews recent research on the use of new forages in deer farming that may be useful for increasing growth in weaner deer for venison production, increasing the trace element status of deer, and for developing systems less reliant on chemical inputs, notably of anthelmintics used to control internal parasites. growth: grazing on pure swards of red clover (trifolium pratense) or chicory (chicorium intybus) increased weaner growth during autumn by 26-47% and during spring by 10-14 ... | 2002 | 16032280 |