| multiple secondary plant product udp-glucose glucosyltransferase genes expressed in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cotyledons. | six different putative udp-glucose glucosyltransferase clones were isolated from a cassava cotyledon cdna library probed with an acc i-bgl ii restriction fragment from a udp-glucose flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase from antirrhinum majus. the heterologous probe contained a glucosyltransferase consensus signature amino acid sequence which was also present in the cassava cdna clones. nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences are presented for two of the clones. northern analysis showed differen ... | 1994 | 7894058 |
| starch branching enzymes belonging to distinct enzyme families are differentially expressed during pea embryo development. | cdna clones for two isoforms of starch branching enzyme (sbei and sbeii) have been isolated from pea embryos and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequences of pea sbei and sbeii are closely related to starch branching enzymes of maize, rice, potato and cassava and a number of glycogen branching enzymes from yeast, mammals and several prokaryotic species. in comparison with sbei, the deduced amino acid sequence of sbeii lacks a flexible domain at the n-terminus of the mature protein. this domain ... | 1995 | 7894509 |
| economic comparison of nutritional management strategies for venezuelan dual-purpose cattle systems. | objectives of this study were to compare three nutritional management strategies for dual-purpose herds in venezuela in 1987 using a deterministic, multiperiod linear programming model of a representative farm. the model maximized discounted net margin (total revenues minus variable costs) from the herd for a 3-yr cow replacement cycle partitioned into six periods. the periods accounted for seasonal variation in forage availability and quality, and the model provided information about optimal an ... | 1994 | 7928747 |
| feeding value of poultry by-products extruded with cassava, barley, and wheat middlings for broiler chicks: the effect of ensiling poultry by-products as a preservation method prior to extrusion. | in one experiment, six treatment diets including two levels of cassava meal, barley, or wheat middlings extruded with poultry by-products (pbp; a 3:1 ratio of broiler offal and condemned carcasses) were compared with a corn and soybean meal control diet for broiler performance from 1 d to 3 wk of age. no treatment differences in body weight (p > .05) were observed, and all chicks averaged 166, 421, and 788 g at 1, 2, and 3 wk of age, respectively. weight gain and feed consumption were not affect ... | 1994 | 7937472 |
| lethal mutations within the conserved stem-loop of african cassava mosaic virus dna are rapidly corrected by genomic recombination. | the nonanucleotide motif taatattac occurs in the intergenic region of all geminiviruses that have been examined to date. the motif is invariably located within the loop of a potential stem-loop structure that has been implicated in viral dna replication. to investigate the contribution of these sequences to virus proliferation, african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) dna b mutants have been screened for their ability to infect nicotiana benthamiana when co-inoculated with dna a. mutants in which the ... | 1994 | 7964630 |
| comparison of freeze-dried and extruded spirulina platensis as yolk pigmenting agents. | experiment 1 was an 8-wk study with japanese quail fed 0, .5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0% of freeze-dried spirulina or the dry equivalent of fresh spirulina extruded with corn. experiment 2 was a 16-wk repeat of experiment 1 using levels of 0, .25, .5, 1.0, and 2.0% spirulina. in the third experiment, corn, barley, and cassava were extruded with fresh spirulina equal to 1% of the dried product, and each feedstuff fed with 1% freeze-dried spirulina. four replicates of five quail were assigned to each trea ... | 1994 | 7971672 |
| evaluation of the effects of varying solute content on the efficacy of oral rehydration solutions in a rat model of secretory diarrhoea. | a series of in vivo steady-state perfusion studies in cholera toxin-induced secreting rat intestine were carried out to investigate net water, sodium, and potassium absorption and water influx and efflux from a range of oral rehydration solutions (orss) in which the glucose content had been partially replaced by amino acids or food supplements and the sodium content had been reduced to 60 mm. the reference solution used was the world health organization formula. there was a significant correlati ... | 1994 | 8071782 |
| antithyroid effects in vivo and in vitro of babassu and mandioca: a staple food in goiter areas of brazil. | babassu (orbignya phalerata), a palm-tree coconut fruit, mixed with mandioca (manihot utilissima) is the staple food of people living in the endemic goiter area of maranhao in brazil, where goiter prevalence among schoolchildren was still 38% in 1986 despite an adequate iodine intake in most of the population. therefore, the question arose as to whether or not the ingestion of babassu alone or mixed with mandioca contributed to the persistence of endemic goiter in this area of brazil. in this in ... | 1994 | 8075782 |
| cassava processing, consumption, and cyanide toxicity. | the frequency of cassava consumption was investigated among three groups of people representing students from traditional and nontraditional cassava-consuming environments and cassava processors. of these, 64% of the students at obafemi awolowo university, ile-ife, 38% of those at the federal university of technology, akure, and 44% of the cassava processors consumed cassava products at least once a day, while 4, 35, and 28% of the groups, respectively, were moderate consumers (4-6 times a week) ... | 1994 | 8078089 |
| food shortages and an epidemic of optic and peripheral neuropathy in cuba. | from late 1991 to mid-1993, cases of optic neuropathy of unknown etiology, which first appeared in unusual numbers in a western province of cuba, spread and multiplied throughout the island. the dominant symptoms changed, becoming increasingly those of peripheral neuropathy. incidence rates peaked in april 1993. an estimated 50,000 cases were reported. the majority were adult men and women (aged about 25-65), with comparatively few children or elderly people being affected. the cause has yet to ... | 1993 | 8108040 |
| utilisation of dried caged-hen manure and cassava peels for intensive sheep production. | twenty grower ewes with an average weight of 14.3 +/- 3.7 kg were allotted to 5 dietary treatments. the diets contained 0, 13, 25, 35 and 45% dried caged-hen manure which replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively of the conventional protein supplements. the animals were fed 55.0 g/w0.75 kg/day of the concentrate food during a 104 days growth study. air dried cassava peels and water were also provided ad libitum. the differences in average total dry matter intake were not statistically signif ... | 1993 | 8109058 |
| expression of tgmv antisense rna in transgenic tobacco inhibits replication of bctv but not acmv geminiviruses. | transgenic tobacco plants expressing an antisense rna targeted against tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) show reduced/no symptoms and viral dna accumulation upon tgmv infection [5]. the targeted region includes the al1 gene, encoding an essential viral replication protein. this dna sequence is conserved in various other geminiviruses, suggesting they too might show inhibition of replication in these plants. we infected leaf material with african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and beet curly top vir ... | 1994 | 8111023 |
| apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients bound to phytate complexes as influenced by microbial phytase and feeding regimen in pigs. | five barrows of approximately 45 kg bw, fitted with post-valvular t-cecum cannulas at the ileo-cecal junction, were assigned randomly to five treatments (5 x 5 latin square design) to assess the effect of microbial phytase and feeding regimen (frequency and level) on the apparent digestibilities (total tract [attd] and ileal [aid]) and retention of nutrients. a corn-tapioca-soybean meal diet of low intrinsic phytase activity, containing no added inorganic p, was fed either without or with microb ... | 1994 | 8138479 |
| the nucleotide sequence and genome structure of mung bean yellow mosaic geminivirus. | complete nucleotide sequences of the infectious cloned dna components (dna 1 and dna 2) of mung bean yellow mosaic virus (mymv) were determined. mymv dna 1 and dna 2 consists of 2,723 and 2,675 nucleotides respectively. dna 1 and dna 2 have little sequence similarity except for a region of approximately 200 bases which is almost identical in the two molecules. analysis of open reading frames revealed nine potential coding regions for proteins of mol. wt. > 10,000, six in dna 1 and three in dna 2 ... | 1993 | 8231962 |
| nucleotide sequence evidence for the occurrence of three distinct whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses in cassava. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the dna of indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and a key part of that of a group b isolate of african cassava mosaic virus from malawi (acmv-m) were determined and compared at the nucleotide and encoded amino acid levels with the published sequences of an acmv group a isolate (acmv-k) and other whitefly-transmitted gemini-viruses (wtgs). the dna of icmv consists of two circular single-stranded molecules, dna-a [2815 nucleotides (nt)] and dna-b (2645 nt), which ... | 1993 | 8245859 |
| [an epidemiological survey to discover the probable places of infection with sleeping sickness in the central african republic]. | the sleeping sickness focus at nola-bilolo in the forest region was the subject of a survey of 142 patients in order to discover their probable places of infection. seventy of these patients had been detected by active case-finding during a survey conducted in january-february 1991; the other 12 had been discovered by passive case-finding during 1990. the sample of actively detected patients is significantly younger (average 22 +/- 3 years) than the sample detected passively (30 +/- 3 years). th ... | 1993 | 8261564 |
| comparative epidemiology of three tropical whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses. | spatial and temporal patterns of spread of african cassava mosaic, okra leaf curl and tobacco leaf curl viruses in west africa, east africa and india share some general characteristics. by comparing the results and running new analyses on available data, it is shown that the epidemiology of these viruses is controlled by the same key variables. for instance, spatial spread is characterised by strong border effects due to accumulation of whitefly vectors (bemisia tabaci) on the wind-exposed field ... | 1993 | 8268255 |
| replication of the dna a component of african cassava mosaic virus in a heterologous system. | the capacity for autonomous replication of the dna a of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), a member of the bipartite geminiviruses infecting dicotyledonous plants, has been compared in host and non-host cells. a derivative of the acmv dna a was transfected into tobacco and maize protoplasts. although acmv is not able to infect maize, replication of the dna a in maize protoplasts was observed to occur. the efficiency of replication was 10 to 20% of that seen in tobacco protoplasts. in both plan ... | 1993 | 8277277 |
| [malaria indices, larval ecology and trophic activity of anopheles mosquitoes in djohong (adamaoua, cameroon) in the rainy season]. | in djohong in the wet season the prevalence of malaria is 17.5% for plasmodium falciparum and 1.1% for plasmodium malariae. in children 2 to 9 years of age the plasmodic index is 38.6% (mesoendemicity) for the children of the peasants and 9.4% for those belonging to other socioeconomical groups. in infants less than 12 months old, the plasmodic index is 9.3%, this relatively high rate corresponding to the high transmission period of the rainy season. anopheles gambiae is the mosquito species mos ... | 1993 | 8289630 |
| relative preference for starch and sugar in rats. | when given a choice between fluids containing equal amounts of corn starch or glucose, fischer rats preferred the fluid containing starch when the fluids contained 0.5%, 1%, 5%, or 20% carbohydrate, but not when the fluids contained 10% carbohydrate. fischer rats preferred 0.5% sucrose over 0.5% starch on the first day of testing, but then switched to preferring starch. rats of the cd strain also preferred 0.5% starch over 0.5% sucrose or 0.5% glucose, but showed no reliable preference when offe ... | 1993 | 8295964 |
| pathological changes in growing dogs fed on a balanced cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) diet. | studies were carried out to determine the effects of the toxic principle linamarin, a cyanogenic glucoside, in a diet containing cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) in the form of gari fed to growing dogs for 14 weeks. there were three groups of dogs, each comprising six animals. one group was fed on a control diet with rice as the carbohydrate source, the second group was fed on cassava (gari) as the carbohydrate source and which was expected to release 10.8 mg hcn/kg cooked food, the third grou ... | 1993 | 8329365 |
| microdiffusion method with solid state detection of cyanogenic glycosides from cassava in human urine. | a method for quantitative determination of cyanogenic glycosides in human urine is described. it is based on enzymatic cleavage of the glycosides, microdiffusion of the hydrogen cyanide formed, solid state detection by colour formation on a picrate-impregnated sheet, and subsequent rating of the coloured spot by the absorption of transmitted light at 540 nm with a thin-layer (tlc) densitometer. the method has been tested using normal as well as pathological urines containing glucose, protein, le ... | 1993 | 8349206 |
| rapid production of full-length, infectious geminivirus clones by abutting primer pcr (abp-pcr). | the application of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method of dna amplification for the isolation of full-length, infectious clones of geminiviruses is described. non-overlapping, abutting 20-mer oligonucleotide primers were used to produce a linear product from the circular geminivirus genomic template. clones of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) dna a, obtained by this method, were infectious following mechanical inoculation (in the presence of acmv dna b) onto nicotiana benthamiana. norm ... | 1993 | 8360316 |
| specificity of bipartite geminivirus movement proteins. | pseudorecombinants produced by exchanging genome components (dnas a and b) of the geminiviruses african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv), acmv, and tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv), and tgmv and abutilon mosaic virus (abmv) are not infectious in their common host nicotiana benthamiana. in each case, dna a was unable to trans-replicate the heterogenomic dna b component in a n. benthamiana leaf disc assay. the non-viability of the pseudorecombinants has been expl ... | 1993 | 8372440 |
| characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion of canola meal and soybean meal in a high-energy diet for feedlot cattle. | four holstein steers (233 kg) with ruminal cannulas and "t" cannulas in the proximal duodenum were used in a 4 x 4 latin square experiment to evaluate characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion of a generic (cm-40, 40% cp) and a high-protein (cm-46, 46% cp) variety of canola meal (cm) compared with a conventional, solvent-extracted soybean meal (sbm). treatments consisted of an 80% concentrate diet that contained 20% tapioca (tp) or 20% of the respective test protein sources. supplemen ... | 1993 | 8385091 |
| glycemic response and lipemic index of rice, raggi and tapioca as compared to wheat diet in human. | carbohydrate rich diet, rice, raggi or tapioca given to individuals of both sexes for 15 days did not alter the glycemic response (after oral glucose loading) as compared to an isocaloric wheat basal back ground diet. however, plasma cholesterol profile was reduced significantly by raggi and tapioca. raggi reduced total serum cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 9% each, triglycerides by 15% and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol, showing a significant beneficial effec ... | 1993 | 8388856 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pepper huasteco virus: analysis and comparison with bipartite geminiviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of pepper huasteco geminivirus (phv) isolated in northern mexico was determined. the phv genome consists of two circular ssdna molecules of 2631 bases (phv a) and 2589 bases (phv b). phv has a genome organization typical of a bipartite geminivirus with four open reading frames (orfs) (ar1, al1, al2 and al3) in component a and two (br1 and bl1) in component b. an unexpected orf was found in the complementary sense strand of phv a. this orf, termed al5, is found en ... | 1993 | 8409944 |
| the epidemiology of iodine-deficiency disorders in relation to goitrogenic factors and thyroid-stimulating-hormone regulation. | in children aged 5-7 y from goiter-endemic areas in ubangi, zaire, and ntcheu, malawi, mean serum thyroxin (t4) concentrations were 53 +/- 49 vs 81 +/- 33 nmol/l (p < 0.05), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) values were 24.3 +/- 9.6 vs 4.5 +/- 3.3 mu/l respectively (p < 0.01); mean urinary iodine concentrations were 0.14 +/- 0.02 vs 0.09 +/- 0.02 mumol/l, and mean thiocyanate concentrations were 0.33 +/- 0.05 vs 0.17 +/- 0.05 nmol/l, respectively (p < 0.05). mean serum selenium concentration ... | 1993 | 8427202 |
| the effects of chronic cassava consumption, cyanide intoxication and protein malnutrition on glucose tolerance in growing rats. | intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed at 4-week intervals in groups of weanling rats before and after feeding with maize- or cassava-based diets with and without adequate protein and sublethal cyanide supplementation. weaning weights were doubled (increase of about 50 g) after 4 weeks on control (maize-based with adequate protein) and protein-replete diets. weight gain on the protein-deficient diets was much less (22 g or 50%), a pattern maintained by the rats on these diets unt ... | 1993 | 8457533 |
| effect of processing on the mycoflora and aflatoxin b1 level of a cassava-based product. | cassava bread was prepared by pre-gelling, battering and baking cassava flour to which were added, in moderate amounts, sugar, yeast solution and edible oil. baking was at 215 degrees c for 40 min. no mould was isolated from the cassava bread and the mean value of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) for the three subsamples of cassava bread was 0.03 microgram/kg. the cassava tuber (manihot esculenta crantz), which was used for the production of cassava bread had an initial afb1 level of 1.91 micrograms/kg and t ... | 1993 | 8506233 |
| detection and possible functions of african cassava mosaic virus dna b gene products. | polyclonal antisera raised against synthetic oligopeptides have been used to detect the dna b gene products bv1 and bc1 of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus following sds-page fractionation of nicotiana benthamiana extracts. bv1 antiserum detected a soluble protein of 29 kda, consistent with the size predicted from sequence data. bc1 antiserum detected proteins of 37, 39, and 42 kda in addition to variable, less abundant species, all of which are larger than the predicted size of 34 k ... | 1993 | 8517019 |
| analysis of the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. | the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (atc) was converted to n-carbamylcysteine and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and fluorometric detection. atc was first separated from interfering substances by passing through the cation exchanger ag 50w-x8. interfering disulfides were converted to thiols by reduction of the eluate with thiopropyl-sepharose 6b. the thiols were then absorbed to the organomercurial absorbent p-acetoxymercurianiline-sepharose 4b w ... | 1995 | 8572284 |
| molecular cloning of the full-length cdna of (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase from hevea brasiliensis. functional expression in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae and identification of an active site residue. | the full-length cdna of (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl) from leaves of hevea brasiliensis (tropical rubber tree) was cloned by an immunoscreening and sequenced. hnl from h. brasiliensis is involved in the biodegradation of cyanogenic glycosides and also catalyzes the stereospecific synthesis of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic cyanohydrins, which are important as precursors for pharmaceutical compounds. the open reading frame identified in a 1. 1-kilobase cdna fragment codes for a protein of ... | 1996 | 8621461 |
| resistance to geminivirus infection by virus-induced expression of dianthin in transgenic plants. | ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) are naturally occurring plant toxins that exhibit antiviral activity against a diverse range of plant and animal viruses. here, the action of dianthin, a potent rip isolated from dianthus caryophyllus, has been exploited to engineer resistance to a plant dna virus, african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana. to achieve this, dianthin has been expressed from the acmv virion-sense promoter that is transactivated by the product of ... | 1996 | 8659104 |
| co-purification from escherichia coli of a plant beta-glucosidase-glutathione s-transferase fusion protein and the bacterial chaperonin groel. | the coding sequence of the mature cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (beta-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21) (linamarase) of manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) was cloned into the vector pgex-2t and expressed in escherichia coli. the bacterial chaperonin groel [braig, otwinowski, hedge, boisvert, joachimiak, horwich and sigler (1994) nature (london) 371, 578-586] was found to be tightly associated with the fusion protein and co-purified with it. in the presence of excess mgatp, release and fol ... | 1996 | 8660308 |
| the stability of stored gari. | gari is a widely consumed stored staple from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). processing involves peeling, grating, fermentation, dewatering and roasting, resulting in a granular product. it is a shelf stable food consumed as processed or cooked. when retailed, it is subject to post-process contamination. investigations were carried out to establish the stability of processed gari. samples of various water activities (a(w)) were packaged in 250 gauge polyethylene bags with or without vacuum p ... | 1996 | 8722193 |
| the influence of dietary salt level on water consumption, farrowing, and reproductive performance of lactating sows. | during two consecutive lactations using a switch-back design, 16 sows received a corn, cassava, barley, and soybean meal diet supplemented with either 8.5 or 1 g/kg of nacl (.4% na or .1% na, respectively). the average daily water consumption during the 4-wk lactation period was greater (p < .01) for the sows fed the high-salt diet than for those fed the low-salt diet (13.9 vs 12.4 l, respectively). urine production accounted for 27% of the water intake during lactation. this resulted in a diffe ... | 1996 | 8726736 |
| agricultural and food policies. some concerns regarding their nutritional relevance. | in recent times, nutrition analysts have been emphasizing the fact that the most critical nutritional unfulfilled need in underdeveloped countries is energy or quantity of food. this has prompted some leading food economist and agricultural policy makers to promote the extensive cultivation of high field inexpensive staples, including starchy roots and tubers. a typical example is cassava in many african countries and indonesia. these foods not only have very little and poor quality protein, but ... | 1995 | 8729246 |
| growth kinetics of saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch and fed-batch cultivation using sugarcane molasses and glucose syrup from cassava starch. | growth kinetics of saccharomyces cerevisiae in glucose syrup from cassava starch and sugarcane molasses were studied using batch and fed-batch cultivation. the optimum temperature and ph required for growth were 30 degrees c and ph 5.5, respectively. in batch culture the productivity and overall cell yield were 0.31 g l-1 h-1 and 0.23 g cells g-1 sugar, respectively, on glucose syrup and 0.22 g l-1 h-1 and 0.18 g cells g-1 sugar, respectively, on molasses. in fed-batch cultivation, a productivit ... | 1996 | 8730575 |
| effect of protein supplemented cassava diet in rats. | the effect of feeding rats with cassava diet (tapioca) has been investigated with respect to the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and levels of tbars. by varying the levels of protein in the diet and cyanide content of cassava, the possible role of a high protein diet in the prevention of oxidant stress has been shown. rhodanese which detoxifes cyanide is also found to be inhibited in rats fed low protein diet while the inhibition was only marginal in the high protein fed groups. | 1996 | 8754627 |
| effect of protein deficient cassava diet on cercopithecus aethiops hearts and its possible role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of endomyocardial fibrosis in man. | despite the current hypotheses for its causation, the exact cause of endmyocardial fibrosis is unknown. however, endomyocardial fibrosis being a disease of the low socio-economic groups who feed on low protein high carbohydrate diets consisting exclusively of cassava in uganda and the demonstration by the author of a bimodal age distribution among the female patients and monomodal pattern in the male patients, led the author to suspect protein deficiency and cassava as aetiological factors there ... | 1996 | 8756020 |
| effects of cassava diet on cercopithecus aethiops livers: a case for cassava as the cause of both tropical splenomegaly syndrome (tss) and endomyocardial fibrosis (emf). | the aetiology of endomyocardial fibrosis (emf) and tropical splenomegaly syndrome (tss) though speculative, was considered by the author to be the same or related since the two diseases may occur in the same individual and locality. accordingly, when attempting to prove a hypothesis for the causation of emf that prolonged ingestion of tuber (cassava/tapioca) associated with extreme deprivation of protein causes emf; one group of three cercopithecus aethiops was fed on uncooked cassava while a se ... | 1996 | 8756024 |
| effect of cassava bread supplementation on energy intake of rats. | the effect of supplementing semi-purified diet of rats with milled cassava bread was investigated. total food intake and weight gain were measured in ad libitum and pair fed animals. plasma triglyceride levels were determined at the beginning and end of the experimental period. cassava bread supplementation did not increase total food intake of the animals therefore resulted in a lower food efficiency ratio (fer) of the diet when animals were fed ad libitum. when the animals were pair fed, fer w ... | 1993 | 8779623 |
| cyanide detoxification in rats exposed to acetonitrile and fed a low protein diet. | different neurological syndromes have been associated with exposure to cyanide. dietary cyanide exposure from cassava roots combined with a low intake of the sulfur amino acids necessary for cyanide detoxification has been implicated in the causation of konzo, an upper motoneuron disease identified in africa. we have investigated the effect of a low protein diet on the capacity for cyanide detoxification. rats were fed normal chow containing 18% protein or a low protein diet with 5% protein. to ... | 1996 | 8812227 |
| enzyme inhibitors in tuber crops and their thermal stability. | tubers of cassava (manihot esculenta), yams (dioscorea esculenta), aroids (amorphophallus campanulatus, colocasia esculenta, xanthosoma sagittfolium) and coleus (solenostemon rotundifolius) were screened for inhibitory activities against amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin. coleus tuber possessed the highest anti-amylase activity, whereas colocasia tuber was the most potent source of anti-tryptic and anti-chymotryptic activity. xanthosoma tubers exhibited amylase inhibitory activity and amorphopha ... | 1995 | 8833431 |
| lactic acid fermentation of cassava dough into agbelima. | the souring of cassava dough during fermentation into the fermented cassava meal, agbelima, was investigated. four different types of traditional inocula were used to ferment the dough and increases in titrable acidity expressed as lactic acid from 0.31-0.38 to 0.78-0.91% (w/w) confirmed the fermentation to be a process of acidification. the microflora of all inocula and fermenting dough contained high counts of lactic acid bacteria, 10(8)-10(9) cfu/g in all inocula and 10(7)-10(8), 10(8)-10(9) ... | 1996 | 8880299 |
| energy metabolism in relation to physical activity in growing pigs as affected by type of dietary carbohydrate. | the effect of dietary carbohydrate source on physical activity in relation to metabolic rate in pigs was studied. six groups of 12 pigs (50-kg, castrated males) were fed one of two diets: a starch diet or a non-starch polysaccharide (nsp) diet. both diets had a similar calculated net energy content. the starch diet contained 13% tapioca, and the nsp diet contained 17% sugar beet pulp silage. pigs were housed in groups and fed at approximately two times maintenance (approximately 900 kj me.kg-.75 ... | 1996 | 8880425 |
| toxic models of upper motor neuron disease. | although neurotoxic models for progressive degeneration of both the anterior horn cell and the betz cell do not exist, (neuro)lathyrism and neurocassavism (konzo) are examples of self limiting neurotoxic disorders that predominantly target the betz cell. both disorders are caused by the continuous intake of neurotoxic plant products (lathyrus sativus and manihot esculenta, respectively) which result in a virtually identical clinical picture of spastic paraparesis. a neurotoxic excitatory amino a ... | 1996 | 8899659 |
| protein and energy value of dehydrated poultry excreta in diets for feedlot cattle. | four holstein steers (222 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a crossover design experiment to evaluate the energy and protein value of dehydrated poultry excreta (dpe). dietary treatments contained (dm basis) 4% alfalfa hay, 8% sudangrass hay, 49% flaked barley, 8% cane molasses, 3% yellow grease, .8% urea, 1.4% limestone, .3% mineral salt, and .4% chromic oxide, plus 25% of either tapioca pellets or dpe. the dpe contained 42% ash and 27% cp (6% true protein). subs ... | 1996 | 8904699 |
| isolation and expression in transgenic tobacco and rice plants, of the cassava vein mosaic virus (cvmv) promoter. | the cassava vein mosaic virus (cvmv) is a double stranded dna virus which infects cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) and has been characterized as a plant pararetrovirus belonging to the caulimovirus subgroup. two dna fragments, cvp1 of 388 nucleotides from position -368 to +20 and cvp2 of 511 nucleotides from position -443 to +72, were isolated from the viral genome and fused to the uida reporter gene to test promoter expression. the transcription start site of the viral promoter was det ... | 1996 | 8914529 |
| enantioselective synthesis of aliphatic (s)-cyanohydrins in organic solvents using hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta. | | 1996 | 8958123 |
| [the effect of starch-rich single feed on the digestibility and the energy content of corn silage in cattle and sheep]. | different starch components were added to rations with maize silage measuring the influence of the supplements on the digestibility and energy content of maize silage in cattle (n = 36) and sheep (n = 36). the starch-rich components maize, wheat, barley, oat, cassava meal and potato starch were added to the total rations on average of 33%. all supplements were ground (sieve of 2.5 mm); additionally, wheat was added in extruded or crushed form. all rations including the control ration without sta ... | 1996 | 9065310 |
| influence of dietary factors on nitrogen partitioning and composition of urine and feces of fattening pigs. | an experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary factors on the partitioning of nitrogen excretion and on the ph and composition of urine and feces of fattening pigs. sixteen male hybrid pigs of 80 to 90 kg bw were allotted to one of four diets: based on grains, by-products, grains plus tapioca, or grains plus sugar beet pulp. diets were formulated to have similar contents of ne and cp and a similar lysine:ne ratio. diets differed in nonstarch polysaccharide content (nsp) and ... | 1997 | 9078486 |
| effect of bacterial galactosidase treatment on the nutritional status of soybean seeds and its milk derivative. | four field strains of lactobacillus plantarum (ls 4, 19, 21, 133) obtained from fufu (a semi-solid product obtained by boiling fermented cassava--manihot esculenta crantz) and a type strain dsm 2017 were grown on different carbon sources to induce galactosidase production. ls 21 produced the highest concentration of alpha- and beta-galactosidase with 0.28 mumol/l and 0.28 mumol/l respectively on lactose and galactose. milk obtained from soybean seeds treated with the enzyme mixture for 24 h show ... | 1997 | 9113667 |
| transactivation of dianthin transgene expression by african cassava mosaic virus ac2. | we have recently described a novel strategy for engineering resistance to african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants using a virus-inducible promoter to control the expression of a plant ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) transgene (y. hong et al., virology 220, 119-127, 1996). here, we have used a potato virus x (pvx) vector to express the acmv transactivator protein, ac2, in planta. we confirm that amplification of rip activity in transgenic plants is media ... | 1997 | 9123846 |
| purification and properties of two forms of glucoamylase from aspergillus niger. | a. niger produced alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase and two forms of glucoamylase when grown in a liquid medium containing raw tapioca starch as the carbon source. the glucoamylases, which formed the dominant components of amylolytic activity manifested by the organism, were purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange and two cycles of gel filtration chromatography. the purified enzymes, designated ga1 and ga2, a raw starch digesting glucoamylase, were found to have mo ... | 1996 | 9138312 |
| a novel subviral agent associated with a geminivirus: the first report of a dna satellite. | numerous plant rna viruses have associated with them satellite (sat) rnas that have little or no nucleotide sequence similarity to either the viral or host genomes but are completely dependent on the helper virus for replication. we report here on the discovery of a 682-nt circular dna satellite associated with tomato leaf curl geminivirus (tlcv) infection in northern australia. this is the first demonstration that satellite molecules are not limited to rna viral systems. the dna satellite (tlcv ... | 1997 | 9192696 |
| efficient whitefly transmission of african cassava mosaic geminivirus requires sequences from both genomic components. | clones of two subgroup iii geminiviruses, the common strain of tomato golden mosaic virus (cstgmv) and african cassava mosaic virus originating from kenya (acmv-k), were shown to be non-transmissible by whitefiles. lack of transmissibility of cloned acmv-k was investigated by exchanging genomic components with a whitefly-transmissible acmv isolate from nigeria (acmv-nog). neither pseudorecombinant was transmissible, indicating that defects in both genomic components contributed to the lack of tr ... | 1997 | 9225057 |
| intake, digestion, and nitrogen utilization by sheep fed tropical legumes with contrasting tannin concentration and astringency. | we conducted an experiment to determine the effects of concentration and astringency of extractable and bound condensed tannins (ct) in tropical legumes on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen (n) utilization by sheep. the test legumes (desmodium ovalifolium and flemingia macrophylla) had similar concentrations of extractable ct (90 g/kg dm) but different concentrations of bound ct and astringency of tannins. chopped, sun-dried forage of each legume was sprayed with either water (control) or poly ... | 1997 | 9250527 |
| enhancement of cyclodextrin production through use of debranching enzymes. | in the presence of a complexant and a debranching enzyme capable of cleaving alpha-(1-->6) linkages in alpha-d-glucans, bacillus mascerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase; ec 2.4.1.19) converted starch, maltodextrin and glycogen into cyclodextrin (cd) in yields higher than those obtainable in the absence of debranching enzyme. the extent of yield enhancement by pullulanase (ec 3.2.1.41; from enterobacter aerogenes) was dependent upon temperature, type of substrate (including source of st ... | 1997 | 9262003 |
| factors affecting phosphorus and calcium digestibility in diets for growing-finishing pigs. | in two experiments, we investigated various factors that affect the estimation of the apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of dm, ca, and total p in diets for growing-finishing pigs. in exp. 1, the effects of age, housing, and calculation method (indicator [cr2o3] vs 10-d total collection) were determined. eighteen barrows and gilts (40 to 95 kg bw) were housed in six pens, and attd was estimated using the indicator method. twelve barrows were housed in metabolic crates, and attd was estima ... | 1997 | 9263061 |
| evidence that dna-a of a geminivirus associated with severe cassava mosaic disease in uganda has arisen by interspecific recombination. | geminivirus isolates associated with the epidemic of severe cassava mosaic disease in uganda were studied and compared with virus isolates from the part of uganda outside the epidemic area, and with african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv). isolates of a novel type [the uganda variant (ugv)] were detected in severely affected plants from the epidemic area, whereas those from plants outside the epidemic area were typical of acmv. the complete nucleotide se ... | 1997 | 9267014 |
| morphology of starch digestion in the horse. | structure of starch in feed and chyme of horses (7 with a cannula at the caudal end of the jejunum and 2 with a cecal fistula) after feeding high starch diets (maize: whole, broken, ground, expanded and as silage, oats: whole, rolled or ground, rolled barley, raw potatoes, and tapioca) was investigated by light and electron microscopy. structure of feed starch and morphology or starch degradation in the chyme corresponded to data on preileal starch digestibility which was investigated in a paral ... | 1997 | 9270343 |
| extracellular polysaccharides from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis interact with cassava cell walls during pathogenesis. | the location of lipopolysaccharides produced by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis during pathogenesis on cassava (manihot esculenta) was determined by fluorescence and electron microscopy immunolabeling with monoclonal antibodies. during the early stages of infection, pathogen lipopolysaccharides were detected on the outer surface of the bacterial envelope and in areas of the plant middle lamellae in the vicinity of the pathogen. later in the infection process, lipopolysaccharide-specific ant ... | 1997 | 9304855 |
| low-fat papadams from black gram-tapioca blends. | papadams, made from black gram (phaseolus mungo) and largely manufactured on cottage scale are popular in the indian dietary. escalating prices of black gram coupled with abundant availability of tapioca flour at almost 1/8th the price of black gram prompted the study of papadam characteristics using blends of black gram and tapioca flour. tapioca flour up to 25% substitution did not alter the sensory attributes. however, the expansibility of the product decreased on addition of tapioca flour; a ... | 1997 | 9349443 |
| the contribution of moulds and yeasts to the fermentation of 'agbelima' cassava dough. | agbelima, a fermented cassava meal widely consumed in ghana, togo and benin, is produced by fermenting grated cassava with one of several types of traditional cassava dough inoculum. during fermentation a smooth textured sour dough is produced, the toxicity of cassava is reduced and there is a build up of volatile aroma compounds. four types of inocula were included in the present investigation. in one type moulds were found to form a dominant part of the microbiota, the species present being pe ... | 1997 | 9351208 |
| long-term follow-up of konzo patients. | nine patients with konzo, a symmetric spastic paraparesis of acute onset that occurs during agricultural crises in cassava-growing areas, were re-examined after 14 years. konzo outbreaks are associated with eating insufficiently processed bitter cassava and a low intake of essential amino acids. bitter cassava contains cyanogenic glycosides; processing breaks them down to acetone cyanohydrin and hydrogen cyanide. this long-term follow-up showed that the neurological signs in konzo patients remai ... | 1997 | 9373651 |
| water-contact patterns and risk factors for schistosoma mansoni infection in a rural village of northeast brazil. | schistosomiasis mansoni in the serrano village, municipality of cururupu, state of maranhão, brazil, is a widely spread disease. the pece (program for the control of schistosomiasis), undertaken since 1979 has reduced the prevalence of s. mansoni infection and the hepatosplenic form of the disease. nevertheless piped water is available in 84% of the households, prevalence remains above 20%. in order to identify other risk factors responsible for the persistence of high prevalence levels, a cross ... | 1997 | 9394521 |
| are the characteristics of betanidin glucosyltransferases from cell-suspension cultures of dorotheanthus bellidiformis indicative of their phylogenetic relationship with flavonoid glucosyltransferases? | uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose:betanidin 5-o- and 6-o-glucosyltransferases (5-gt and 6-gt; ec 2.4.1) catalyze the regiospecific formation of betanin (betanidin 5-o-beta-glucoside) and gomphrenin i (betanidin 6-o-beta-glucoside), respectively. both enzymes were purified to near homogeneity from cell-suspension cultures of dorotheanthus bellidiformis, the 5-gt by classical chromatographic techniques and the 6-gt by affinity dye-ligand chromatography using udp-glucose as eluent. data obtained with hig ... | 1997 | 9431682 |
| formation of circular satellite tobacco ringspot virus rna in protoplasts transiently expressing the linear rna. | the most abundant form of the satellite rna of tobacco ringspot virus (strsv rna) is a linear, unit length molecule of 359 nucleotide residues, designated l-(+)m. a postulated replication scheme for the satellite rna has as its first, and apparently virus-independent, step the ligation of l-(+)m into the corresponding circular form c-(+)m. we transiently expressed l-(+)m wild type and l-(+)m mutants in tobacco protoplasts using an african cassava mosaic geminivirus vector. measured extents of c- ... | 1997 | 9434731 |
| purification and properties of an alpha-amylase produced by a cassava-fermenting strain of micrococcus luteus. | an extracellular alpha-amylase produced by a cassava-fermenting strain of micrococcus luteus was purified 26-fold by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. the molar mass was estimated to be approximately 56 kda. the optimum temperature of the enzyme was 30 degrees c, optimum ph 6.0 and optimum substrate concentration was 0.6% (w/v). treatment of the enzyme at 70 degrees c for 10 min resulted in 70% loss of activity. the activation energy was determined to be 34.8 kj/mol. the activity o ... | 1997 | 9438346 |
| an ecological paradigm for a health behavior analysis of "konzo", a paralytic disease of zaire from toxic cassava. | konzo is an irreversible paralytic disease afflicting tens of thousands of women and children in rural zaire and throughout sub-sahara africa. the disease can occur where bitter, high-yield varieties of cassava that thrive in arid soils provide the basic nutritional staple. the paraparesis is related to upper motor neuron damage stemming from the consumption of insufficiently processed toxic cassava roots (manioc) and a diet poor in the sulfur-based amino acids necessary for the body to detoxify ... | 1997 | 9447634 |
| cassava peels in the diet of young pigs in nigeria. | cassava tuber peels were analysed for their chemical composition. graded levels were included in the diets of young pigs in 2 separate experiments to determine their nutritive value for growth and their effect on carcass characteristics. cassava peels made up 11.8% of the tuber and contained 19.10 mj/kg, gross energy and 140.90 ppm free cyanide. in the first experiment, involving 40 individually fed pigs averaging 9.35 kg liveweight, levels of 0, 7.50, 15.0, 22.50 and 30.00% of cassava peels wer ... | 1997 | 9493292 |
| cariogenic [correction of carcinogenic] potential of a typical cassava flour from the amazonian region of brazil. | the purpose of this study was to compare the cariogenic potential of a typical cassava flour (cf) with sucrose and starch, using a severe cariogenic challenge model in rats. thirty wistar female pups with their dams (mutans streptococci free) were infected by streptococcus sobrinus 6715, desalivated when aged 25 days, and placed in a konig-hofer programmed feeder at age 26 days. they received 17 meals daily at hourly intervals for 21 days as follows: group (1) powdered plain sucrose and sterile ... | 1997 | 9495154 |
| lipid content and essential fatty acid (efa) composition of mature congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status: impact on infants' efa supply. | to measure the lipid content and the fatty acid (fa) composition of breast milk as part of a nutritional survey of the essential fatty acid (efa) status of 5 months old congolese infants. design: cross sectional nutrition survey. | 1998 | 9537300 |
| thermal and rheological properties and textural attributes of reduced-fat turkey batters. | currently, modified potato and tapioca starches are used as functional additives in formulating reduced- and low-fat frankfurters. however, cornstarches may serve as alternative sources for comminuted meat systems. meat batters formulated with ground turkey, 2% sodium chloride, 25% distilled-deionized water (ice), and 4% starch, including acid-thinned dent corn (atdc), cross-linked waxy maize (xlwm), cross-linked dent corn (xldc), modified potato (mp), acid-thinned dent corn with xanthan gum (at ... | 1998 | 9565249 |
| influence of dietary factors on the ph and ammonia emission of slurry from growing-finishing pigs. | we investigated the effects of dietary factors on the ph and the ammonia emission from slurry of growing-finishing pigs. sixteen male hybrid pigs (80 to 90 kg bw) were allotted to one of four diets based on barley-wheat, tapioca, barley-tapioca, and sugar beet pulp. diets were formulated to have similar ne and cp contents and a similar lysine:ne ratio. diets differed in nonstarch polysaccharide content (nsp) and dietary electrolyte balance (deb). urine and feces were daily collected quantitative ... | 1998 | 9581936 |
| effect of maternal protein deficiency during pregnancy and lactation on the organic matrix composition of the bone and skin of the sucklings of rat. | effect of a staple nigerian diet comprising of cassava flour, vegetable soup and fish, and containing 10% protein on bone and skin organic matrix of the offspring of rats fed the diet during pregnancy and lactation was studied. two types of the diet were formulated. one contained 10% protein for the poor and the other 21% protein for the rich nigerians. the two types of diet were dried at 70 degrees c for 24 hrs and ground into powder so that the rat could consume it. laboratory rat chow was use ... | 1996 | 9590888 |
| improvement of garri quality by the inoculation of microorganisms into cassava mash. | lactobacillus delbruckii, lactobacillus coryneformis, and a saccharomyces sp., previously found among 214 isolates to be the highest producers of linamarase, amylase, and lysine were inoculated separately or mixed into cassava mash and fermented with, or without dewatering, for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. at the end of the fermentation period, the mash was converted to garri by heating over a gas burner. the mash and the garri resulting from it were assessed for lysine and residual cyanide, while ... | 1998 | 9600609 |
| recombination between viral dna and the transgenic coat protein gene of african cassava mosaic geminivirus. | nicotiana benthamiana was transformed with three different constructs (pcra1, pcra2 and pjc1) containing the coat protein coding sequence of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv). transformed plants were inoculated with a coat protein deletion mutant of acmv that induces mild systemic symptoms in control plants. several inoculated plants of transgenic lines cra1/3, cra1/4, cra2/1 and cra2/2 developed severe systemic symptoms typical of acmv. dna analysis revealed that, in these plants, recombinati ... | 1998 | 9603342 |
| beta-cyclodextrin production by simultaneous fermentation and cyclization. | production of beta-cyclodextrin (cd) with high-dextrose equivalent (de) starch hydrolysates by simultaneous fermentation and cyclization (sfc) gives higher yields than using only the enzyme cgtase, because fermentation eliminates glucose and maltose that inhibit cd production, while at the same time, produces ethanol that increases yield. a 10% (w/v) solution of cassava starch, liquefied with alpha-amylase, was incubated with cgtase using: only the enzyme, added ethanol (from 1 to 5%), and added ... | 1998 | 9627399 |
| soluble and insoluble fiber contents of some cameroonian foodstuffs. | as a result of the lack of reliable data on the fiber content of african foodstuffs, a study to determine the dietary fiber contents (soluble, insoluble and total) on a dry weight basis of a selected variety of major cameroonian foods was conducted. the influence of processing and preparation methods on the fiber content was also assessed. vegetables were found to be the richest source of total dietary fiber (57%), followed by legumes and seeds (30%) and fruits (16.5%). okro (hibiscus esculenta) ... | 1997 | 9629860 |
| dietary secondary amines and liver hepatoma in port harcourt, nigeria. | dietary secondary amines of some nigerian foodstuffs were analyzed by soxhlet extraction, using petroleum ether (b.p. 60-80 degrees c); followed by thin layer chromatography developed in a solvent system; n-butanol: 95% ethanol: water (4:2:1) for the qualitative test. each uv fluorescent band in the test chromatogram was scraped and eluted with distilled water, filtered and assayed for secondary amine content for the quantitative test. quantitative estimations were by the colorimetric methods. t ... | 1997 | 9629865 |
| milestones in crop biotechnology--transgenic cassava and agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize. | | 1996 | 9630970 |
| genetic transformation of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | genetic engineering can be used to complement traditional breeding methods in crop plant improvement. transfer of genes from heterologous species provides the means of selectively introducing new traits into crop plants and expanding the gene pool beyond what has been available to traditional breeding systems. the prerequisites for genetic engineering are efficient transformation and tissue culture systems that allow selection and regeneration of transgenic plants. cassava, an integral plant for ... | 1996 | 9630981 |
| nucleotide sequence and intergeminiviral homologies of the dna-a of papaya leaf curl geminivirus from india. | coat protein gene, rep protein gene and intergenic region of the genome of a whitefly transmitted geminivirus (wtg) causing severe leaf curl in papaya plants were pcr amplified, cloned and sequenced. comparison of the amino acid sequence of the putative coat protein product of papaya leaf curl virus (plcv) with some other mono and bipartite wtgs revealed a maximum of 89.8% homology with indian cassava mosaic virus. the genomic organization of plcv-india is similar to other wtgs with bipartite ge ... | 1998 | 9635134 |
| the defense-related rice gene pir7b encodes an alpha/beta hydrolase fold protein exhibiting esterase activity towards naphthol as-esters. | acquired resistance of rice to pyricularia oryzae, the causing agent of rice blast, can be induced by inoculation with the non-host pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. we have previously cloned a cdna and a corresponding gene (pir7b) whose transcripts accumulate upon infiltration with the resistance-inducing bacteria. the putative encoded product pir7b exhibits significant sequence similarity to two recently cloned hydroxynitrile lyases from manihot esculenta (cassava) and hevea brasisli ... | 1998 | 9652390 |
| changes in food consumption in brazil. | changes in eating habits have occurred in the last decades in several countries associated to demographic, economic, social and epidemiologic factors. in brazil, the available data about food consumption are the result of family budget surveys undertaken by getúlio vargas foundation and ibge (brazilian institute of geography and statistics) in 1961/1963 and 1987/88, respectively, and the national study of family expenditure (endef), carried out by ibge during 1974/75. they reveal as principal te ... | 1997 | 9659413 |
| proabsorptive effects of modified tapioca starch as an additive of oral rehydration solutions. | partially hydrolyzed starches from staple cereals, obtained by heat or by enzymatic treatment, are often used in the formulation of homemade or extemporaneously used oral rehydration solutions used in developing countries. conflicting or anecdotal results obtained thus far could be clarified with a standardized preparation tested under well-controlled laboratory conditions. | 1998 | 9669721 |
| [the use of a multimix as a dietary supplement: study in rats]. | a multimistura (mm)--sweet cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaf flour, wheat bran (tritium aestivum l.), egg shell powder, pumpkin (cucurbita spp) and sunflower (heliantus annus) seed flours--was added to a mixture of beans, 7% (phaseolus vulgaris) and rice, 3% (oryza sativa) and its effects, were assessed in weanling, male albino (wistar) rats (n = 60). animals were divided into 6 groups: groups 1, 2 and 3 were fed beans + rice + multimixture (b + r + mm), beans + rice (b + r) and 10% casein ... | 1997 | 9673680 |
| [production of cassava whole meal (n. esculenta crantz) to prepare a feed for growing chicks. i. chemical and nutritive characterization of leaves, roots and cassava whole meal]. | cassava roots are frequently used as a energy source in feeds. the leaves due to their high fiber content, are not used in animal feeds despite they have a good content of protein and a balanced level of essential amino acids. the purpose of this research was to produce a cassava whole meal (cwf) with low content of fiber for using in chick feed. leaves and roots of cassava by separated, were dried at 60 degrees c for 20 h, ground in a hammermill and passed through a 60 mesh sieve. by this proce ... | 1997 | 9673702 |
| [production of cassava whole meal (n. esculenta crantz) to prepare a feed for growing chicks. ii. evaluation of cassava whole meal in growing chicks]. | about 50% of the raw materials used for poultry feeds are constituted of sorghum as a energy source. the purpose of this work was to evaluate the nutritional quality of a cassava whole meal (cwf: 61.2% and 38.8% of root and leaf flours, respectively) for growing chicks. the sorghum was partially substituted from a basal diet by 15, 30 and 45% of cwf. four diets based of sorghum, soybean meal and cwf were formulated. levels of 0.0, 8.6, 16.4 and 23.7% of cwf were included in the diets. white vant ... | 1997 | 9673703 |
| influence of dietary habits on thyroid status of a nomadic people, the bororo shepherds, roaming a central african region affected by severe iodine deficiency. | in contrast with the endemic goiter reported in several african countries, the nomadic bororos of the central african republic have an unexpectedly low prevalence of goiter. this study was conducted to elucidate this puzzling observation. | 1998 | 9678536 |
| functional organization of the cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) promoter. | cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) is a pararetrovirus that infects cassava plants in brazil. a promoter fragment isolated from csvmv, comprising nucleotides -443 to +72, was previously shown to direct strong constitutive gene expression in transgenic plants. here we report the functional architecture of the csvmv promoter fragment. a series of promoter deletion mutants were fused to the coding sequence of uida reporter gene and the chimeric genes were introduced into transgenic tobacco plants. p ... | 1998 | 9700077 |
| [feed intake and milk production in dairy cows fed whole fat soybeans]. | in two experiments (e 1, e 2) two different basic diets were fed to 36 diary cows with addition of 1 or 2 kg of full fat soya beans (sb) or without sb for six weeks. the cows were fed individually. the basic diet consisted of 49% grass silage, 23% maize silage and 21% hay, supplemented with 7% manioc (% dm) in e 1 and of grass, supplemented with 2.0 kg maize silage, 3.0 kg hay and 1.5 kg manioc (kg dm/cow.d) in e 2. the basic diet used in e 1 and the grass in e 2 were offered ad libitum. further ... | 1997 | 9735101 |
| hyperglycemic effect of low protein cassava diet. | hyperglycemic effect of cassava diet in presence of varying amounts of protein has been carried out. the rats fed a low protein high cyanide diet showed an increase in the blood glucose and a decrease in the liver glycogen. the activity of glycogen phosphorylase, glucose 6-phosphatase and phosphoglucomutase showed higher levels in the liver of low protein high cyanide group compared to the control group. also, the activity of hexokinase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in the liver of high ... | 1998 | 9754064 |
| types of variation in dna-a among isolates of east african cassava mosaic virus from kenya, malawi and tanzania. | complete nucleotide sequences of the dna-a-like molecules of three east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv) isolates from kenya (-k, 2801 nt) and malawi (-mh and -mk, both 2804 nt) were determined. these sequences were compared with that published for a tanzanian isolate (-t, 2801 nt) and the partial sequence of a third malawian isolate. intergenic region sequences of all isolates, and deduced amino acid sequences of their ac1 (rep) proteins, each formed a tightly related cluster that was disti ... | 1998 | 9820161 |
| lactobacillus manihotivorans sp. nov., a new starch-hydrolysing lactic acid bacterium isolated during cassava sour starch fermentation. | two lactobacillus strains were isolated from sour cassava starch fermentation. the cells were gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile rods. they produced only l(+)lactate and were homofermentative. growth occurred at ph values of 5.0-7.0 and optimum growth occurred at ph 6.0. growth was positive at 15 and 45 degrees c. the dna g + c content was 48.4 +/- 0.2 mol%. sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene revealed that strains ond 32t and yam 1 clustered with, but were separa ... | 1998 | 9828412 |
| physicochemical properties and garification (gari yield) of selected cassava cultivars in rivers state, nigeria. | gari was processed from six different cassava cultivars tms 3575, tms 3044, hormone treated variety (htv), tms 30555, tms 40944 and tms 30572. chemical analyses of the gari samples showed ph values of: 4.0, 4.0, 3.9, 3.6, 3.4, 3.6 and total titratable acidity of 0.99, 0.99, 0.98, 0.85, 0.96, 0.85 (% lactic acid) for tms 3575, 3044, htv, 30555, 30572, and 40944 respectively. physical characteristics of the samples showed the swelling index of 264.5%, 223.5%, 364.0%, 321.3%, 241.3% and 232.7%, wat ... | 1998 | 9839812 |
| sorghum for human food--a review. | a brief review of literature on sorghum for human foods and on the relationship among some kernel characteristics and food quality is presented. the chief foods prepared with sorghum, such as tortilla, porridge, couscous and baked goods are described. tortillas, prepared with 75% of whole sorghum and 25% of yellow maize, are better than those prepared with whole sorghum alone. a porridge formulation with a 30:40:30 mix of sorghum, maize and cassava respectively, has been shown to be the most acc ... | 1998 | 9839838 |