| potential allelopathic indole diketopiperazines produced by the plant endophytic aspergillus fumigatus using the one strain-many compounds method. | on the basis of the osmac (one strain-many compounds) strategy, 14 indole diketopiperazine (dkp) alkaloids, including spirotryprostatins (1-3), tryprostatins (4-6), and cyclotryprostatins (7-14), were isolated from the endophyte aspergillus fumigatus associated with melia azedarach l. their structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data. all the indole dkps were evaluated for plant growth regulation using the lettuce (lactuca sativa) s ... | 2013 | 24188331 |
| chemical composition, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities of peganum harmala seed essential oils from five different localities in northern africa. | peganum harmala l., also known as syrian rue or pègano, is a herbaceous plant belonging to the zygohpyllaceae family, and is widely used in traditional medicine. the chemical composition of essential oils of p. harmala seeds from five different regions of northern africa (algeria, egypt, libya, morocco and tunisia) was studied by gc and gc-ms analyses. a total of 105 compounds were identified, the main components being oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. eugenol is the main co ... | 2016 | 27649128 |
| antimicrobial and allelopathic metabolites produced by penicillium brasilianum. | six known compounds, isoroquefortine c (1), griseofulvin (2), ergosterol peroxide (3), 3β-hydroxy-(22e,24r)-ergosta-5,8,22-trien-7-one (4), cerevisterol (5) and (22e,24r)-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol (6), were produced by the fungus penicillium brasilianum, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. this is the first report on isoroquefortine c as naturally occurring compound. their bioactivities against five phytopathogenic fungi (gibeberalla saubinetti, fusarium ... | 2015 | 25103127 |
| tandem combination of trigonella foenum-graecum defensin (tfgd2) and raphanus sativus antifungal protein (rsafp2) generates a more potent antifungal protein. | plant defensins are small (45 to 54 amino acids) positively charged antimicrobial peptides produced by the plant species, which can inhibit the growth of a broad range of fungi at micro-molar concentrations. these basic peptides share a common characteristic three-dimensional folding pattern with one α-helix and three β-sheets that are stabilized by eight disulfide-linked cysteine residues. instead of using two single-gene constructs, it is beneficial when two effective genes are made into a sin ... | 2013 | 24022215 |
| chemical composition and antimicrobial and allelopathic activity of tunisian conyza sumatrensis (retz.) e.walker essential oils. | conyza sumatrensis (retz.) e.walker (asteraceae) is a spontaneous annual herb, fairly widespread throughout tunisia, which has rarely been studied or valued in any sector. essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of different parts (flower heads, leaves, stems, and roots) of c. sumatrensis plants, which were collected in autumn (november 2007) at the flowering stage in the area of monastir, tunisia. in total, 98 compounds, representing 88.1-99.3% of the oil composition, were identified ... | 2013 | 23418168 |
| reproduction of heterodera schachtii schmidt on resistant mustard, radish, and sugar beet cultivars. | the reproduction of a wyoming population of heterodera schachtii was determined for resistant trap crop radish (raphanus sativus) and mustard (sinapis alba) cultivars, and resistant and susceptible sugar beet (beta vulgaris) cultivars in a greenhouse (21 degrees c/16 degrees c) and a growth chamber study (25 degrees c). oil radish cultivars also were field tested in 2000 and 2001. in the greenhouse study, reproduction was suppressed similarly by the resistant sugar beet cultivar nematop and all ... | 2004 | 19262796 |
| microtubules in root hairs. | the microtubules of root hairs of raphanus sativus, lepidium sativum, equisetum hyemale, limnobium stoloniferum, ceratopteris thalictroides, allium sativum and urtica dioica were investigated using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. arrays of cortical microtubules were observed in all hairs. the microtubules in the hairs show net axial orientations, but in allium and urtica helical microtubule patterns are also present. numerical parameters of microtubules in raphanus, equisetum and lim ... | 2014 | 4066793 |
| myb transcription factor isolated from raphanus sativus enhances anthocyanin accumulation in chrysanthemum cultivars. | a myb transcription factor gene, rsmyb1, from radish was introduced into the chrysanthemum cultivars 'peach nd', 'peach red', and 'vivid scarlet' under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. presence of rsmyb1 in transgenic lines was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). results of reverse-transcription-pcr analysis revealed that the expression of rsmyb1 was stable in all transgenic lines and could enhance the expression levels of three key biosynthetic genes (f3h, ... | 2016 | 28330149 |
| inducible expression of the de-novo designed antimicrobial peptide sp1-1 in tomato confers resistance to xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are small peptides with less than 50 amino acids and are part of the innate immune response in almost all organisms, including bacteria, vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. amps are active against a broad-spectrum of pathogens. the inducible expression of amps in plants is a promising approach to combat plant pathogens with minimal negative side effects, such as phytotoxicity or infertility. in this study, inducible expression of the de-novo designed amp sp1-1 in ... | 2016 | 27706237 |
| differences in stability of seed-associated microbial assemblages in response to invasion by phytopathogenic microorganisms. | seeds are involved in the vertical transmission of microorganisms from one plant generation to another and consequently act as reservoirs for the plant microbiota. however, little is known about the structure of seed-associated microbial assemblages and the regulators of assemblage structure. in this work, we have assessed the response of seed-associated microbial assemblages of raphanus sativus to invading phytopathogenic agents, the bacterial strain xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) ... | 2016 | 27077013 |
| a new cryptic virus belonging to the family partitiviridae was found in watermelon co-infected with melon necrotic spot virus. | a novel virus was detected in watermelon plants (citrullus lanatus thunb.) infected with melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) using solid next-generation sequence analysis. in addition to the expected msnv genome, two double-stranded rna (dsrna) segments of 1,312 and 1,118 bp were also identified and sequenced from the purified virus preparations. these two dsrna segments encode two putative partitivirus-related proteins, an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) and a capsid protein, which were sequen ... | 2013 | 23775759 |
| water-soluble chlorophyll-binding proteins from arabidopsis thaliana and raphanus sativus target the endoplasmic reticulum body. | non-photosynthetic chlorophyll (chl) proteins called water-soluble chl-binding proteins are distributed in brassicaceae plants. brassica oleracea wscp (bowscp) and lepidium virginicum wscp (lvwscp) are highly expressed in leaves and stems, while arabidopsis thaliana wscp (atwscp) and raphanus sativus wscp (rshwscp) are highly transcribed in floral organs. bowscp and lvwscp exist in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) body. however, the subcellular localization of atwscp and rshwscp is still unclear. ... | 2015 | 26289422 |
| [virus infestation of garden radish (raphanus sativus l. var. sativus) (author's transl)]. | in july 1974 a mosaic disease was stated in seed plants of garden radish near aschersleben which spread more and more within some weeks and eventually infected over 40 per cent of the stand. investigations in comparison with healthy seed plants demonstrated the following average losses induced by the disease: number of pods 51 per cent, seed weight 67 per cent, number of seeds per plant 53 per cent, weight of 1,000 seeds 33 per cent. nearly unaffected were: number of seeds per pod, percentage of ... | 1976 | 1037175 |
| chaetoglobosins from chaetomium globosum, an endophytic fungus in ginkgo biloba, and their phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities. | in preceding studies, cultivation of chaetomium globosum, an endophytic fungus in ginkgo biloba, produced five cytochalasan mycotoxins, chaetoglobosins a, g, v, vb, and c (1-5), in three media. in the present work, five known chaetoglobosins, c, e, f, fex, and 20-dihydrochaetoglobosin a (5-9), together with the four known compounds (11-14), were isolated from the meoh extracts of the solid culture of the same endophyte. the structures of these metabolites were elucidated on the basis of spectros ... | 2014 | 24708412 |
| biology and interactions of two distinct monopartite begomoviruses and betasatellites associated with radish leaf curl disease in india. | emerging whitefly transmitted begomoviruses are major pathogens of vegetable and fibre crops throughout the world, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. mutation, pseudorecombination and recombination are driving forces for the emergence and evolution of new crop-infecting begomoviruses. leaf curl disease of field grown radish plants was noticed in varanasi and pataudi region of northern india. we have identified and characterized two distinct monopartite begomoviruses and associate ... | 2012 | 22339942 |
| diversification and alteration of recognition specificity of the pollen ligand sp11/scr in self-incompatibility of brassica and raphanus. | the recognition specificity of the pollen ligand of self-incompatibility (sp11/scr) was investigated using brassica rapa transgenic plants expressing sp11 transgenes, and sp11 of raphanus sativus s-21 was found to have the same recognition specificity as that of b. rapa s-9. in a set of three s haplotypes, whose sequence identities of sp11 and srk are fairly high, r. sativus s-6 showed the same recognition specificity as brassica oleracea s-18 and a slightly different specificity from b. rapa s- ... | 2004 | 15548734 |
| identification, expression, and functional analysis of cle genes in radish (raphanus sativus l.) storage root. | radish (raphanus sativus l.) is a widespread agricultural plant forming storage root due to extensive secondary growth which involves cambium proliferation and differentiation of secondary conductive tissues. closely related to the model object arabidopsis thaliana, radish is a suitable model for studying processes of secondary growth and storage root development. cle peptides are a group of peptide phytohormones which play important role in the regulation of primary meristems such as sam, ram, ... | 2016 | 26821718 |
| chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils from three melaleuca species grown in tunisia. | the chemical composition of the essential oils of melaleuca armillaris sm., melaleuca styphelioides sm. and melaleuca acuminata f. muell., collected in tunisia, was studied by means of gc and gc-ms analysis. in all, 46 compounds were identified, 38 for m. armillaris, 20 for m. acuminata and eight for m. styphelioides, respectively. the presence of a sesquiterpenic fraction (52.2%) characterized the oil from m. armillaris; m. sthypheliodes oil was rich in methyl eugenol, a phenolic compound (91.1 ... | 2012 | 23443119 |
| identification of a new antibacterial sulfur compound from raphanus sativus seeds. | raphanus sativus l. (radish), a member of brassicaceae, is widely used in traditional medicine in various cultures for treatment of several diseases and disorders associated with microbial infections. the antibacterial activity of the different plant parts has been mainly attributed to several isothiocyanate (itc) compounds. however, the low correlation between the itc content and antibacterial activity suggests the involvement of other unknown compounds. the objective of this study was to inves ... | 2016 | 27781070 |
| characterization of a digestive α-amylase in the midgut of pieris brassicae l. (lepidoptera: pieridae). | the current study deals with a digestive α-amylase in the larvae of pieris brassicae l. through purification, enzymatic characterization, gene expression, and in vivo effect of a specific inhibitor, acarbose. although α-amylase activity was the highest in the whole gut homogenate of larvae but compartmentalization of amylolytic activity showed an equal activity in posterior midgut (pm) and anterior midgut (am). a three step purification using ammonium sulfate, sepharyl g-100 and deae-cellulose f ... | 2016 | 27014094 |
| progesterone 5β-reductase genes of the brassicaceae family as function-associated molecular markers. | this study aimed to define progesterone 5β-reductases (p5βr, ec 1.3.99.6, enone 1,4-reductases) as function-associated molecular markers at the plant family level. therefore cdnas were isolated from 25 brassicaceae species, including two species, erysimum crepidifolium and draba aizoides, known to produce cardiac glycosides. the sequences were used in a molecular phylogeny study. the cladogram created is congruent to the existing molecular analyses. recombinant his-tagged forms of the p5βr cdnas ... | 2015 | 26108256 |
| molecular cloning and functional expression of a water-soluble chlorophyll-binding protein from japanese wild radish. | hydrophilic chlorophyll (chl)-binding proteins have been isolated from various brassicaceae plants and are categorized into class ii water-soluble chl-binding proteins (wscps). although the molecular properties of class ii wscps including brassica-type (e.g., cauliflower wscp, brussels sprouts wscp and bnd22, a drought- and salinity-stress-induced 22 kda protein of rapeseed), a lepidium-type, and an arabidopsis-type wscps have been well characterized, those of raphanus-type wscps are poorly unde ... | 2013 | 23266282 |
| comparative mapping of raphanus sativus genome using brassica markers and quantitative trait loci analysis for the fusarium wilt resistance trait. | fusarium wilt (fw), caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen fusarium oxysporum is a serious disease in cruciferous plants, including the radish (raphanus sativus). to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) or gene(s) conferring resistance to fw, we constructed a genetic map of r. sativus using an f2 mapping population derived by crossing the inbred lines '835' (susceptible) and 'b2' (resistant). a total of 220 markers distributed in 9 linkage groups (lgs) were mapped in the raphanus genome, cov ... | 2013 | 23864230 |
| enhanced reduction of phenol content and toxicity in olive mill wastewaters by a newly isolated strain of coriolopsis gallica. | the search for novel microorganisms able to degrade olive mill wastewaters (omw) and withstand the toxic effects of the initially high phenolic concentrations is of great scientific and industrial interest. in this work, the possibility of reducing the phenolic content of omw using new isolates of fungal strains (coriolopsis gallica, bjerkandera adusta, trametes versicolor, trichoderma citrinoviride, phanerochaete chrysosporium, gloeophyllum trabeum, trametes trogii, and fusarium solani) was inv ... | 2014 | 23979847 |
| biofumigation with brassica juncea, raphanus sativus and eruca sativa for the management of field populations of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. | the viability of potato cyst nematode (pcn) populations (globodera pallida) was evaluated in three field experiments using brassica juncea, raphanus sativus and eruca sativa amendments. these species were summer cultivated and autumn incorporated in experiment 1; in experiment 2, overwintered brassicaceous cover crops were spring incorporated. experiment 3 involved determination of effects of metconazole application on biomass/glucosinolate production by b. juncea and r. sativus and on pcn pre- ... | 2015 | 24965697 |
| use of green manure crops and sugar beet varieties to control heterodera betae. | although it is less studied than the white beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii), the yellow beet cyst nematode (h. betae) has been found in many countries in europe. for example in the netherlands, france and spain. h. betae causes yield losses on sandy soils. a high infestation can result in loss of complete plants. in the netherlands, this nematode is especially found in the south eastern and north eastern part, where it occurs on 18% and 5% of the fields, respectively. from a project of ... | 2014 | 26084110 |
| molecular mapping in oil radish (raphanus sativus l.) and qtl analysis of resistance against beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii). | the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schmidt) can be controlled biologically in highly infected soils of sugar beet rotations using resistant varieties of oil radish (raphanus sativus l. ssp. oleiferus dc.) as a green crop. resistant plants stimulate infective juveniles to invade roots, but prevent them after their penetration to complete the life cycle. the resistance trait has been transferred successfully to susceptible rapeseed by the addition of a complete radish chromosome. the aim ... | 2009 | 19050847 |
| assessment of host-induced selection on three geographic isolates of heterodera schachtii using rapd and aflp markers. | abstract the hypothesis that host plants exert selection pressure on heterodera schachtii populations was tested. host selection of genotypes from three genetically distinct isolates of h. schachtii was assessed using cabbage, sugar beet, oilseed radish (raphanus sativus), and white mustard (sinapis alba). the plants represent a range of susceptibility to h. schachtii and included r. sativus and s. alba, because cultivars of those species have been used as trap crops for h. schachtii in europe. ... | 1999 | 18944806 |
| transfer of resistance against the beet cyst nematode from radish (raphanus sativus) to rape (brassica napus) by monosomic chromosome addition. | in rape ( brassica napus), no resistance to the beet cyst nematode (bcn) heterodera schachtii is available. this study was carried out to determine the specific chromosome(s) of resistant radish ( raphanus sativus) carrying the gene(s) for nematode resistance as a prequisite to convert rape from a host into a trap crop for this pest. a raphanobrassica progeny of 25 plants was analyzed which segregated for all nine chromosomes of the raphanus genome in a genetic background of synthetic rape. the ... | 2004 | 14991110 |
| development of phytotoxicity indexes and their correlation with ecotoxicological, stability and physicochemical parameters during passive composting of poultry manure. | both raw and composted poultry manure is applied as soil amendment. the aims of this study were: (1) to develop phytotoxicity indexes for organic wastes and composts, and (2) to assess the correlation among phytotoxicity indexes, ecotoxicological endpoints and stability and physicochemical parameters during passive composting of poultry manure. six 2-m(3) composting piles were constructed and four parameter groups (physicochemical and microbiological parameters, ecotoxicological endpoints, and b ... | 2016 | 27185192 |
| penetration, development, and reproduction of heterodera schachtii on fagopyrum esculentum, phacelia tanacetifolia, raphanus sativus, sinapis alba, and brassica oleracea. | the penetration, development, and reproduction of a california population of the sugarbeet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, was observed on cultivars of cabbage (brassica oleracea), phacelia (phacelia tanacetifolia), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum), oilseed radish (raphanus sativus), and white mustard (sinapis alba). with the exception of the nonhost, phacelia, all were readily penetrated by second-stage juveniles of h. schachtii. after 38 days at 25 c, no cysts were observed on phacelia cv ... | 1993 | 19279828 |
| transfer of resistance to the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schm.) into the brassica napus l. gene pool through intergeneric somatic hybridization with raphanus sativus l. | an intergeneric somatic hybrid was obtained through peg-induced protoplast fusion between brassica napus l. (oil-seed rape, aacc, 2n=38) and a beet cyst nematode resistant genotype of raphanus sativus l. (fodder radish, rr, 2n=18). the hybrid nature of the regenerated plant was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis, rflp-analysis, and chromosome counts. southern blot analysis of total dna using pphcps1 (rbc-l) as probe indicated that the somatic hybrid contains chloroplasts of b. napus. the mito ... | 1992 | 24202768 |
| evaluation of 31 potential biofumigant brassicaceous plants as hosts for three meloiodogyne species. | brassicaceous cover crops can be used for biofumigation after soil incorporation of the mowed crop. this strategy can be used to manage root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.), but the fact that many of these crops are host to root-knot nematodes can result in an undesired nematode population increase during the cultivation of the cover crop. to avoid this, cover crop cultivars that are poor or nonhosts should be selected. in this study, the host status of 31 plants in the family brassicaceae for ... | 2014 | 25276003 |
| seed-borne viral dsrna elements in three cultivated raphanus and brassica plants suggest three cryptoviruses. | since the 1970s, several dsrna viruses, including radish yellow edge virus, raphanus sativus virus 1, raphanus sativus virus 2, and raphanus sativus virus 3, have been identified and reported as infecting radish. in the present study, in conjunction with a survey of seed-borne viruses in cultivated brassica and raphanus using the dsrna diagnostic method, we discovered 3 novel cryptoviruses that infect brassica and raphanus: raphanus sativus partitivirus 1, which infects radish (raphanus sativus) ... | 2016 | 26974503 |
| characterization of rsmyb28 and rsmyb29 transcription factor genes in radish (raphanus sativus l.). | glucosinolates (gsls) are important secondary metabolites in brassicaceae plants. previous studies have mainly focused on gsl contents, types, and biosynthesis-related genes, but the molecular characterization patterns of gsl biosynthesis-related transcription factors remain largely unexplored in radish (raphanus sativus l.). to isolate transcription factor genes regulating the gsl biosynthesis, genomic dna and cdna sequences of rsmyb28 and rsmyb29 genes were isolated in radish. two r2r3-myb dom ... | 2016 | 27706769 |
| interaction of brassinosteroids and polyamines enhances copper stress tolerance in raphanus sativus. | brassinosteroids (brs) and polyamines (pas) regulate various responses to abiotic stress, but their involvement in the regulation of copper (cu) homeostasis in plants exposed to toxic levels of cu is poorly understood. this study provides an analysis of the effects of exogenously applied brs and pas on radish (raphanus sativus) plants exposed to toxic concentrations of cu. the interaction of 24-epibrassinolide (ebr, an active br) and spermidine (spd, an active pa) on gene expression and the phys ... | 2012 | 22915739 |
| enhanced resistance to sclerotinia sclerotiorum in brassica napus by co-expression of defensin and chimeric chitinase genes. | sclerotinia stem rot caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the major fungal diseases of brassica napus l. to develop resistance against this fungal disease, the defensin gene from raphanus sativus and chimeric chit42 from trichoderma atroviride with a c-terminal fused chitin-binding domain from serratia marcescens were co-expressed in canola via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. twenty transformants were confirmed to carry the two transgenes as detected by polymerase chain reaction ( ... | 2016 | 26862081 |
| scenario-targeted toxicity assessment through multiple endpoint bioassays in a soil posing unacceptable environmental risk according to regulatory screening values. | lanestosa is a chronically polluted site (derelict mine) where the soil (lanestosa (la) soil) exceeds screening values (svs) of regulatory policies in force (basque country; europe) for zn, pb and cd. a scenario-targeted toxicity assessment was carried out on the basis of a multi-endpoint bioassay approach. acute and chronic toxicity bioassays were conducted with selected test species (vibrio fischeri, dictyostelium discoideum, lactuca sativa, raphanus sativus and eisenia fetida) in combination ... | 2015 | 25940475 |
| toxicity assessment through multiple endpoint bioassays in soils posing environmental risk according to regulatory screening values. | toxicity profiles of two soils (a brownfield in legazpi and an abandoned iron mine in zugaztieta; basque country) contaminated with several metals (as, zn, pb and cu in legazpi; zn, pb, cd and cu in zugaztieta) and petroleum hydrocarbons (in legazpi) were determined using a multi-endpoint bioassay approach. investigated soils exceeded screening values (svs) of regulatory policies in force (basque country; europe). acute and chronic toxicity bioassays were conducted with a selected set of test sp ... | 2014 | 24819436 |
| molecular characterization of the complete genome of three basal-br isolates of turnip mosaic virus infecting raphanus sativus in china. | turnip mosaic virus (tumv) infects crops of plant species in the family brassicaceae worldwide. tumv isolates were clustered to five lineages corresponding to basal-b, basal-br, asian-br, world-b and oms. here, we determined the complete genome sequences of three tumv basal-br isolates infecting radish from shandong and jilin provinces in china. their genomes were all composed of 9833 nucleotides, excluding the 3'-terminal poly(a) tail. they contained two open reading frames (orfs), with the lar ... | 2016 | 27271614 |
| comparison of helper component-protease rna silencing suppression activity, subcellular localization, and aggregation of three korean isolates of turnip mosaic virus. | in 2014, we performed a nationwide survey in korean radish fields to investigate the distribution and variability of turnip mosaic virus (tumv). brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis sap-inoculated with three isolates of tumv from infected radish tissue showed different symptom severities, whereas symptoms in raphanus sativus were similar for each isolate. the helper component-protease (hc-pro) genes of each isolate were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the three korean isolates were clu ... | 2016 | 27059238 |
| antiviral effects of extracts from celosia cristata and raphanus sativus roots against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus. | the antiviral activity of an extract mixture from celosia cristata and raphanus sativus was tested against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv). pretreatment of epc cells with this extract up to 72 h before vhsv infection markedly reduced the virus titer, but it had no effect when added after virus inoculation. in olive flounder that received 5 µg of extract per fish, mx expression peaked at 48 h after treatment. in contrast, isg15 and tlr2 expression peaked at 72 h, and that of tlr7 peaked ... | 2017 | 28190196 |
| the accumulation and assimilation of dimethylselenide by four plant species. | plants of agrostis tenuis sibth., hordeum vulgare l., lycopersicon esculentum mill. and raphanus sativus l. were grown hydroponically in sealed systems and fumigated with 8 μg m(-3) [(75)se]-dimethylselenide. the accumulation of (75)se was measured and the shoot tissues were extracted to examine the products of the (75)se assimilation. characteristic differences were observed between species in the accumulation of (75)se and the transport from shoots to roots. high-voltage electrophoresis and ch ... | 1984 | 24258422 |
| isolation of phytotoxic compounds from tree-of-heaven (ailanthus altissima swingle). | the aqueous root extract of ailanthus altissima showed allelopathic activity against radish (raphanus sativus l. cv. "saxa"), garden cress (lepidium sativum l.), and purslane (portulaca oleracea l.) seeds. a bioassay-oriented purification of active extracts, chromatographic fractions, and compounds demonstrated dose-dependent activity on germination and radicle growth of test seeds; radish seed was the most sensitive to allelochemicals. active compounds have been isolated: ailanthone, ailanthino ... | 2003 | 12590453 |
| phytotoxic phenylpropanoids isolated from ophryosporus charua (griseb.) hieron. | bioguided isolation of the etoh extract from the medicinal native plant, ophryosporus charua, against raphanus sativus, yielded three phenylpropanoids, charuol a [(z)-4-((1s,2r)-3-acetoxy-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)phenyl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate], charuepoxide [(z)-4-((2s,3r)-3-(acetoxymethyl oxiran-2-yl)phenyl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate] and charuol b [(z)-4-((1r,2r)-3-acetoxy-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)phenyl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate]. their structures and absolute configuration were established by extensive spectros ... | 2017 | 28279523 |
| carbonaceous soil amendments to biofortify crop plants with zinc. | carbonaceous soil amendments, comprising mixtures of biosolids and biochar, have been demonstrated to improve fertility while reducing nitrate leaching. we aimed to determine the efficacy of a biosolids/biochar soil amendment in biofortification of vegetables with zn, an element that is deficient in one third of humanity. we grew beetroot (beta vulgaris), spinach (spinacia oleracea), radish (raphanus sativus), broccoli (brassica oleracea), carrot (daucus carota), leek (allium ampeloprsum), onion ... | 2013 | 23146312 |
| trace metal uptake by garden herbs and vegetables. | in many regions of iran, crops are irrigated with municipal and industrial wastewater that contain a variety of metals. the purpose of this study was to simulate the level of metals that may be presented to plants over a growing season in a controlled laboratory setting. cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, mercury, nickel, copper, zinc, and selenium were applied to plants at the high rate of 200 g metal/ha/wk. the following plants were examined for metal accumulation and effects on yield: garden c ... | 1986 | 24254512 |
| bio-optimization of the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio for efficient vermicomposting of chicken manure and waste paper using eisenia fetida. | the main objective of the present study was to determine the optimum c/n ratio for converting waste paper and chicken manure to nutrient-rich manure with minimum toxicity. six treatments of c/n ratio 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 (t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, and t6, respectively) achieved by mixing chicken manure with shredded paper were used. the study involved a composting stage for 20 days followed by vermicomposting with eisenia fetida for 7 weeks. the results revealed that 20 days of composting consid ... | 2016 | 27197657 |
| enantioselective separation of 4,8-dht and phytotoxicity of the enantiomers on various plant species. | as a candidate for bioherbicide, 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone (4,8-dht) was isolated from caryospora callicarpa epicarp and its two enantiomers, s-(+)-isosclerone and r-(-)-regiolone, were separated by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on a chiralcel od column with chiral stationary phase (csp)-coated cellulose-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate). then, the phytotoxicity of 4,8-dht and its enantiomers toward the seeds germination and seedling growth of the five tested plant species ... | 2016 | 27110760 |
| evaluation of phytotoxicity effect on selected crops using treated and untreated wastewater from different configurative domestic wastewater plants. | this study investigated the phytotoxicity effect of untreated and treated wastewater collected from two different configurations of domestic wastewater treatment plants in south africa. the phytotoxicity effect on vegetable seed growth was studied in terms of germination index (gi), relative seed germination (rsg) and relative root elongation (rre) using four commercial crop varieties, viz., tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), radish (raphanus sativus), carrot (daucus carota) and onion (allium cep ... | 2016 | 26806819 |
| traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in district udhampur, j&k, india. | herbal remedies form an integral part of healing and are considered to be the oldest forms of health care known to mankind. the present study aims to document traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in udhampur district of j&k, india. | 2015 | 25479156 |
| phytotoxicity of 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone isolated from carya cathayensis sarg. to various plant species. | the aqueous extract from carya cathayensis sarg. exocarp was centrifuged, filtered, and separated into 11 elution fractions by x-5 macroporous resin chromatography. a phenolic compound, 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone (4,8-dht) was isolated from the fractions with the strongest phytotoxicity by bioassy-guided fractionation, and investigated for phytotoxicity on lettuce (latuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), onion (allium cepa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l ... | 2014 | 25264832 |
| a comparative study of the terrestrial ecotoxicity of selected protic and aprotic ionic liquids. | ionic liquids (ils) are a fairly new and very promising group of compounds with a vast variety of possible structures and uses. they are considered to be potentially "green", but their impact on the environment tends to be neglected or not studied enough, especially when it comes to terrestrial ecotoxicity, where there are very few studies performed to date. this work presents a comparative study of the terrestrial ecotoxicity of selected representatives of two ils groups: a new family of protic ... | 2014 | 24630250 |
| determination of cadmium, lead and zinc in vegetables in jaipur (india). | an atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used for the determination of lead, cadmium and zinc in vegetables grown in and around jaipur food stuffs irrigated with industrial waste water. vegetable samples were collected after maturity, and analyzed, such as spinach (spinacia oleracea), ladyfinger (abelmoschus esulentus), pepper mint (menthe pipereta), brinjal (solanum melongena), coriander (coriandrum sativum), cauliflower (brassica oleracea), onion (allium cepa), radish (raphanus sativus), ... | 2014 | 26445755 |
| phytotoxicity of secondary metabolites isolated from flourensia oolepis s.f.blake. | the aim of this study was to isolate the active principles of flourensia oolepis s.f.blake (asteraceae), which completely inhibited the germination of raphanus sativus seeds at 10 mg/ml. flavanone pinocembrin and sesquiterpene ilicol, were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. they were active both against monocot and dicot seeds. pinocembrin was the most active compound, with an ic50 (germination) value of 0.24, 3.40, 3.28, and 3.55 mm against panicum miliaceum, avena sativa, lactuca sativ ... | 2013 | 23847074 |
| specific, high affinity binding sites for an antifungal plant defensin on neurospora crassa hyphae and microsomal membranes. | hs-afp1, an antifungal plant defensin from seed of the plant heuchera sanguinea, was radioactively labeled using t-butoxycarbonyl-[35s]l-methionine n-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester, resulting in a 35s-labeled peptide with unaltered antifungal activity. [35s]hs-afp1 was used to assess binding on living hyphae of the fungus neurospora crassa. binding of [35s]hs-afp1 was found to be competitive, reversible, and saturable with an apparent kd of 29 nm and a bmax of 1.4 pmol/mg protein. [35s]hs-afp1 also b ... | 1997 | 9405418 |
| relationship between pollutant content and ecotoxicity of sewage sludges from spanish wastewater treatment plants. | chemical and ecotoxicological properties of 28 sewage sludge samples from spanish wastewater treatment plants were studied in order to assess their suitability for agricultural purposes. sludge samples were classified into five categories according to specific treatment processes in terms of digestion (aerobic/anaerobic) and drying (mechanical/thermal). composted samples, as indicative of the most refined process, were also considered. sludges were subjected to physical-chemical characterization ... | 2012 | 22483948 |
| terrestrial ecotoxicity of short aliphatic protic ionic liquids. | a study of the ecotoxicity of different short aliphatic protic ionic liquids (pils) on terrestrial organisms was conducted. tests performed within the present study include those assessing the effects of pils on soil microbial functions (carbon and nitrogen mineralization) and terrestrial plants. the results show that the nominal lowest-observed-adverse-effect concentration (loaec) values were 5,000 mg/kg (dry soil) for the plant test in two species (lolium perenne, allium cepa), 1,000 mg/kg (dr ... | 2011 | 21935980 |
| revisiting the dna c-values of the genome size-standards used in plant flow cytometry to choose the "best primary standards". | flow cytometry (fcm) techniques have enabled characterization of the genome size for various plant species. in order to measure the nuclear genome size of a species, reference standards with well-established dna content are necessary. however, different 2c-values have been described for the same species used as reference standard. this fact has brought about inaccurate genome measurements, making relevant the establishment of optimal dna reference standards for plant cytometric analyses. our wor ... | 2011 | 21318354 |
| asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones to chiral alcohols catalyzed by plants tissue. | as an important organic compound, chiral alcohols are the key chiral building blocks to many single enantiomer pharmaceuticals. asymmetric reduction of the corresponding prochiral ketones to produce the chiral alcohols by biocatalysis is one of the most promising routes. asymmetric reduction of different kinds of non-natural prochiral ketones catalyzed by various plants tissue was studied in this work. acetophenone, 4'-chloroacetophenone and ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate were chosen as the model su ... | 2008 | 18548304 |
| potential allelochemicals from sambucus nigra. | twenty-four aromatic metabolites belonging to cyanogenins, lignans, flavonoids, and phenolic glycosides were obtained from sambucus nigra. structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic features. two compounds have been isolated and identified as (2s)-2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and benzyl 2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-2,6-dihydroxybenzoate. all the compounds have been assayed on dicotyledons lactuca sativa (lettuce) and raphanus sativus (radish) and monocoty ... | 2001 | 11730871 |
| | the contents of sterol derivatives (sterols + esters, glycosides and acylated glycosides) have been determined using thin layer chromatography in leaves and bulky and organs from carrots (daucus carota l.) potato (solanum tuberosum l.), onion (allium cepa l.) two varieties of radish (raphanus sativus l.) and gentiana purpurea l. plants. ether-soluble lipids of leaves contain 2.8-5.2%, those of storage tissue 3.1-8.9% sterol derivatives. the fractionation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l., burpee's r ... | 1970 | 11945480 |
| a light and electron microscope study of small, spherical nuclear bodies in meristematic cells of allium cepa, vicia faba, and raphanus sativus. | interphase, preprophase, and prophase nuclei of meristematic cells of allium cepa, vicia faba, and raphanus sativus are characterized by the presence of spherical bodies approximately 1 micro in diameter. these structures are feulgen-negative but stain metachromatically with azure b, as the nucleolus, following fixation with glutaraldehyde. at the ultrastructural level, they consist predominantly of fibrils estimated to be between 70 and 100 a in diameter which greatly resemble those found withi ... | 1965 | 5323608 |
| iscr plays a role in oxidative stress resistance and pathogenicity of a plant pathogen, xanthomonas campestris. | iron-sulfur ([fe-s]) cluster is an essential cofactor of proteins involved in various physiological processes including cellular defense against oxidative stress. in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc), iscr plays a negative role in regulation of the transcription of [fe-s] assembly genes, iscr-sufbcds. the expression level of sufbcds was up-regulated in an xcc iscr mutant. in addition, the iscr promoter activity in an xcc iscr mutant was also higher than the wild-type strain, indicating ... | 2015 | 25200360 |
| the xanthomonas campestris effector protein xopdxcc8004 triggers plant disease tolerance by targeting della proteins. | plants protect themselves from the harmful effects of pathogens by resistance and tolerance. disease resistance, which eliminates pathogens, can be modulated by bacterial type iii effectors. little is known about whether disease tolerance, which sustains host fitness with a given pathogen burden, is regulated by effectors. here, we examined the effects of the xanthomonas effector protein xopdxcc8004 on plant disease defenses by constructing knockout and complemented xanthomonas strains, and perf ... | 2014 | 25040905 |
| an ethnomedicinal survey and documentation of important medicinal folklore food phytonims of flora of samahni valley, (azad kashmir) pakistan. | ethnobotanical knowledge is one of the precious cultural heritage parts of an area that involves the interaction between plants and people and foremost among these are the management of plant diversity by indigenous communities and the traditional use of medicinal plants. an ethnobotanical analysis was conducted in order to document the traditional medicinal uses of plants, particularly medicinally important folklore food phytonims of flora of samahni valley, azad kashmir (pakistan). in the vall ... | 2007 | 19070189 |
| phytotoxic activity of foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi. | foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi, a mediterranean plant species belonging to the labiatae family, were investigated for their phytotoxic activities on seed germination and root growth of crops (lactuca sativa l. and raphanus sativus l.) and weed species (lolium perenne l. and amaranthus retroflexus l.). foliar volatiles of c. nepeta (l.) savi strongly inhibited both germination and root growth of lettuce, and its essential oils, especially at 125, 250 and 500 μl ... | 2013 | 23216166 |
| chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil from anredera cordifolia grown in brazil. | the chemical composition of the essential oil of anredera cordifolia (ten.) steenis (basellaceae), grown in brazil, was studied by means of gc and gc-ms analysis. in all, 19 compounds were identified, accounting for 91.6% of the total oil; hydrocarbons were the main constituents (67.7%). the essential oil was evaluated for its in vitro potential phytotoxic activity against germination and initial radicle growth of raphanus sativus l., sinapis arvensis l., and phalaris canariensis l. seeds. at 1. ... | 2014 | 25230514 |
| special plant species determines diet breadth of phytophagous insects: a study on host plant expansion of the host-specialized aphis gossypii glover. | host specialization is a ubiquitous character of phytophagous insects. the polyphagous population is usually composed of some subpopulations that can use only a few closely related plants. cotton-melon aphids, aphis gossypii glover exhibited strong host specialization, and the cotton- and cucurbits-specialized biotypes had been clearly identified. however, the experimental work that addressed the roles of plant species in determining diet breadth of phytophagous insects is rare. in the present s ... | 2013 | 23580128 |
| cadmium, copper, and lead accumulation and bioconcentration in the vegetative and reproductive organs of raphanus sativus: implications for plant performance and pollination. | several studies have found high levels of cadmium (cd), copper (cu), and lead (pb) in honey bee hives located near urbanized or industrial areas. insect herbivores and pollinators may come in contact with environmental contaminants in the leaves and flowers they forage upon in these areas. our study quantified which of these metals are accumulated in the tissues of a common weedy plant that can serve as a route of exposure for insects. we grew raphanus sativus (crop radish) in semi-hydroponic sa ... | 2015 | 25845355 |
| effects of selenium accumulation on phytotoxicity, herbivory, and pollination ecology in radish (raphanus sativus l.). | selenium (se) has contaminated areas in the western usa where pollination is critical to the functioning of both agricultural and natural ecosystems, yet we know little about how se can impact pollinators. in a two-year semi-field study, the weedy plant raphanus sativus (radish) was exposed to three selenate treatments and two pollination treatments to evaluate the effects on pollinator-plant interactions. honey bee (apis mellifera l.) pollinators were observed to readily forage on r. sativus fo ... | 2013 | 23000967 |
| effects of habitat isolation on pollinator communities and seed set. | destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats is the major reason for the decreasing biodiversity in the agricultural landscape. loss of populations may negatively affect biotic interactions and ecosystem stability. here we tested the hypothesis that habitat fragmentation affects bee populations and thereby disrupts plant-pollinator interactions. we experimentally established small "habitat islands" of two self-incompatible, annual crucifers on eight calcareous grasslands and in the intensiv ... | 1999 | 28308334 |
| perfluoroalkyl acid distribution in various plant compartments of edible crops grown in biosolids-amended soils. | crop uptake of perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) from biosolids-amended soil has been identified as a potential pathway for pfaa entry into the terrestrial food chain. this study compared the uptake of pfaas in greenhouse-grown radish (raphanus sativus), celery (apium graveolens var. dulce), tomato (lycopersicon lycopersicum), and sugar snap pea (pisum sativum var. macrocarpon) from an industrially impacted biosolids-amended soil, a municipal biosolids-amended soil, and a control soil. individual con ... | 2014 | 24918303 |
| determination of the absolute configuration of a monoglyceride antibolting compound and isolation of related compounds from radish leaves (raphanus sativus). | a monoglyceride (1) has been reported to possess an antibolting effect in radish (raphanus sativus), but its absolute configuration at the c-2 position was not determined earlier. in this work, the absolute configuration of 1 was determined to be (2s), and it was also accompanied by one new (2) and two known monoglycerides (3 and 4). the chemical structure of 2 was determined as β-(7'z,10'z,13'z)-hexadecatrienoic acid monoglyceride (β-16:3 monoglyceride). qualitative and quantitative analytical ... | 2017 | 28333463 |
| a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase mediates the biosynthesis of glucoraphasatin in radish. | glucosinolates (gsls) are secondary metabolites whose degradation products confer intrinsic flavors and aromas to brassicaceae vegetables. several structures of gsls are known in the brassicaceae, and the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory networks have been elucidated in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). gsls are precursors of chemical defense substances against herbivorous pests. specific gsls can act as feeding blockers or stimulants, depending on the pest species. natural selection has le ... | 2017 | 28100450 |
| 4-methylthio-butanyl derivatives from the seeds of raphanus sativus and their biological evaluation on anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. | raphanus sativus seeds (brassicaceae) known as raphani semen have long been used as anti-cancer and/or anti-inflammatory agents in korean traditional medicine. this study was designed to isolate the bioactive constituents from the seed extracts of raphanus sativus and evaluate their anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. | 2014 | 24231071 |
| construction of a reference genetic map of raphanus sativus based on genotyping by whole-genome resequencing. | this manuscript provides a genetic map of raphanus sativus that has been used as a reference genetic map for an ongoing genome sequencing project. the map was constructed based on genotyping by whole-genome resequencing of mapping parents and f 2 population. raphanus sativus is an annual vegetable crop species of the brassicaceae family and is one of the key plants in the seed industry, especially in east asia. assessment of the r. sativus genome provides fundamental resources for crop improveme ... | 2015 | 25403353 |
| methyl jasmonate affects morphology, number and activity of endoplasmic reticulum bodies in raphanus sativus root cells. | the endoplasmic reticulum (er) bodies are er-derived structures that are found in brassicaceae species and thought to play a role in defense. here, we have investigated the occurrence, distribution and function of er bodies in root cells of raphanus sativus using a combination of microscopic and biochemical methods. we have also assessed the response of er bodies to methyl jasmonate (meja), a phytohormone that mediates plant defense against wounding and pathogens. our results show that (i) er bo ... | 2015 | 25305245 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of eruca sativa mill. (garden rocket). | eruca sativa (cruciferae family) is an ancient crop of great economic and agronomic importance. here, the complete mitochondrial genome of eruca sativa was sequenced and annotated. the circular molecule is 247,696 bp long, with a g+c content of 45.07%, containing 33 protein-coding genes, three rrna genes, and 18 trna genes. the eruca sativa mitochondrial genome may be divided into six master circles and four subgenomic molecules via three pairwise large repeats, resulting in a more dynamic struc ... | 2014 | 25157569 |
| comparative analysis of the radish genome based on a conserved ortholog set (cos) of brassica. | this manuscript provides a brassica conserved ortholog set (cos) that can be used as diagnostic cross-species markers as well as tools for genetic mapping and genome comparison of the brassicaceae. a conserved ortholog set (cos) is a collection of genes that are conserved in both sequence and copy number between closely related genomes. cos is a useful resource for developing gene-based markers and is suitable for comparative genome mapping. we developed a cos for brassica based on proteome comp ... | 2014 | 25056003 |
| mes16, a member of the methylesterase protein family, specifically demethylates fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites during chlorophyll breakdown in arabidopsis. | during leaf senescence, chlorophyll (chl) is broken down to nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (nccs). these arise from intermediary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (fccs) by an acid-catalyzed isomerization inside the vacuole. the chemical structures of nccs from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) indicate the presence of an enzyme activity that demethylates the c13(2)-carboxymethyl group present at the isocyclic ring of chl. here, we identified this activity as methylesterase family mem ... | 2012 | 22147518 |
| extensive chromosome homoeology among brassiceae species were revealed by comparative genetic mapping with high-density est-based snp markers in radish (raphanus sativus l.). | a linkage map of expressed sequence tag (est)-based markers in radish (raphanus sativus l.) was constructed using a low-cost and high-efficiency single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping method named multiplex polymerase chain reaction-mixed probe dot-blot analysis developed in this study. seven hundred and forty-six snp markers derived from est sequences of r. sativus were assigned to nine linkage groups with a total length of 806.7 cm. by blastn, 726 markers were found to have homologous ... | 2011 | 21816873 |
| rapid divergence of repetitive dnas in brassica relatives. | centromeric, subtelomeric, and telomeric repetitive dnas were characterized in brassica species and the related raphanus sativus and arabidopsis thaliana. in general, rapid divergence of the repeats was found. the centromeric tandem satellite repeats were differentially distributed in the species studied, suggesting that centromeric repeats have diverged during the evolution of the a/c and b genome lineages. sequence analysis of centromeric repeats suggested rapid evolution. pericentromere-assoc ... | 2011 | 21159321 |
| tissue-specific expression and developmental regulation of cytochrome b561 genes in arabidopsis thaliana and raphanus sativus. | ascorbate (asc) is an essential molecule in many aspects of development and stress responses in plants and animals. cytochromes b561 (cyts b561) are tightly coupled to asc homeostasis. these proteins are found in mammalian tissues, where they are involved in the regeneration of asc, serving the synthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters, and in intestinal iron reduction. plant genomes encode homologous membrane-associated, asc-reducible cyts b561. the expression of these proteins in plants, ho ... | 2004 | 15032866 |
| in situ identification of labile precursor compounds and their short-lived intermediates in plants using in vivo nanospray high-resolution mass spectrometry. | many secondary metabolites in plants are labile compounds which under environmental stress, are difficult to detect and track due to the lack of rapid in situ identification techniques, making plant metabolomics research difficult. therefore, developing a reliable analytical method for rapid in situ identification of labile compounds and their short-lived intermediates in plants is of great importance. | 2016 | 27313155 |
| biodepollution of wastewater containing phenolic compounds from leather industry by plant peroxidases. | this study deals with the use of peroxidases (poxs) from allium sativum, ipomoea batatas, raphanus sativus and sorghum bicolor to catalyze the degradation of free phenolic compounds as well as phenolic compounds contained in wastewater from leather industry. secretory plant poxs were able to catalyze the oxidation of gallic acid, ferulic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, pyrogallol and 1,4-tyrosol prepared in ethanol 2% (v:v). efficiency of peroxidase catalysis depends strongly on the chemical nature ... | 2011 | 20803235 |
| nectar-carbohydrate production and composition vary in relation to nectary anatomy and location within individual flowers of several species of brassicaceae. | nectar-carbohydrate production and composition were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzymology in nine species from five tribes of the brassicaceae. in six species (arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh., brassica napus l., b. rapa l., lobularia maritima (l.) desv., raphanus sativus l., sinapis arvensis l.) that produced nectar from both lateral nectaries (associated with the short stamens) and median nectaries (outside the long stamens), on average 95% of the total nectar c ... | 1998 | 9637073 |
| purification of the plasma membrane ca2+-atpase from radish seedlings by calmodulin-agarose affinity chromatography | the ca2+-atpase of the plasma membrane (pm) of germinating radish (raphanus sativus l.) seeds was purified by calmodulin (cam)-affinity chromatography using a batch procedure. pm purified by aqueous two-phase partitioning was solubilized with n-dodecyl beta-d-maltoside and applied to a cam-agarose matrix. after various washings with decreasing ca2+ concentrations, the ca2+-atpase was eluted with 5 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetate (edta). the edta-eluted fraction contained about 25% of the loaded c ... | 1998 | 9490776 |
| phototropism involves a lateral gradient of growth inhibitors, not of auxin. a review. | during phototropic curvature, indolyl-3-acetic acid (iaa) remains evenly distributed in the hypocotyl of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) and in the oat (avena sativa l.) coleoptile. at the irradiated side, growth inhibiting substances accumulate. in sunflower, basipetal movement of a growth factor is not involved, since the top of the seedling can be covered or removed without affecting the photo-tropic response; this response, moreover, is independent of the rate of elongation growth. the chem ... | 1989 | 11541033 |
| a high frequency of intergenomic mitochondrial recombination and an overall biased segregation of b. campestris or recombined b. campestris mitochondria were found in somatic hybrids made within brassicaceae. | mitochondrial segregation and rearrangements were studied in regenerated somatic hybrids from seven different species combinations produced using reproducible and uniform methods. the interspecific hybridizations were made between closely or more distantly related species within the brassicaceae and were exemplified by three intrageneric, two intergeneric and two intertribal species combinations. the intrageneric combinations were represented by brassica campestris (+) b. oleracea, b. napus (+) ... | 1994 | 24190472 |
| heavy metals bioconcentration from soil to vegetables and assessment of health risk caused by their ingestion. | the present study was undertaken to assess the non-carcinogenic human health risk of heavy metals through the ingestion of locally grown and commonly used vegetables viz. raphanus sativus (root vegetable), daucus carota (root vegetable), benincasa hispida (fruit vegetable) and brassica campestris leaves (leafy vegetable) in a semi-urbanized area of haryana state, india. heavy metal quantification of soil and vegetable samples was done using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. lead, cadmiu ... | 2014 | 24464601 |
| spatial pattern of cdc2 expression in relation to meristem activity and cell proliferation during plant development. | the p34 protein kinase encoded by the cdc2 gene is a key component of the eukaryotic cell cycle required for the g1- to s-phase transition and entry into mitosis. to study the regulation of plant meristem activity and cell proliferation, we have examined the tissue-specific accumulation of cdc2 transcripts in arabidopsis thaliana and the related crucifer radish (raphanus sativus) by in situ hybridization using a. thaliana cdc2 cdna sequences as a probe. cdc2 transcripts accumulated in leaf primo ... | 1992 | 1502145 |
| kazusa marker database: a database for genomics, genetics, and molecular breeding in plants. | in order to provide useful genomic information for agronomical plants, we have established a database, the kazusa marker database (http://marker.kazusa.or.jp). this database includes information on dna markers, e.g., ssr and snp markers, genetic linkage maps, and physical maps, that were developed at the kazusa dna research institute. keyword searches for the markers, sequence data used for marker development, and experimental conditions are also available through this database. currently, 10 pl ... | 2014 | 25320561 |
| increased resistance to late leaf spot disease in transgenic peanut using a combination of pr genes. | peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is the sixth most important oil seed crop in the world. yield loss due to cercospora leaf spot (early and late leaf spots) is a serious problem in cultivating this crop. non-availability of resistant genes within crossable germplasms of peanut necessitates the use of a genetic engineering strategy to develop genetic resistance against various biotic stresses. the pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins are a group of plant proteins that are toxic to invading fungal pathog ... | 2012 | 23053199 |
| the response of foliar gas exchange to exogenously applied ethylene. | the responsiveness to ethylene of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to water vapor in intact plants was investigated in 13 herbaceous species representing seven plant families. exposures were conducted in an open, whole-plant exposure system providing controlled levels of irradiance, air temperature, co(2), relative humidity, and ethylene concentration. net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to water vapor in units of moles per square meter per second were measured on recently exp ... | 1986 | 16665086 |
| chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum from different areas in the southern apennines (italy). | the chemical composition of the essential oils of origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum, growing wild in three different localities in the southern apennines, was studied by gc-fid and gc/ms analyses. in total, 103 compounds were identified. the oils were mainly composed of phenolic compounds and all oils belonged to the chemotype carvacrol/thymol. the three essential oils were evaluated for their in vitro phytotoxic activity by determining their influence on the germination and initial radicle elongatio ... | 2014 | 24706631 |
| formation of n-acetylglutamate by extracts of higher plants. | the enzymic synthesis of n-acetylglutamate was studied in extracts of higher plant tissues, especially in sugar beet leaves (beta vulgaris l.). sugar beet leaves had an enzyme that transferred the acetyl group either from acetyl-coa or from n(2)-acetylornithine to glutamate. the enzyme was so unstable that special precautions were necessary for its detection and appreciable purification was impossible. the km values were 2.5 and 0.025 mm for acetyl-coa and n(2)-acetylornithine, respectively. the ... | 1977 | 16659918 |
| contractile effect of radish and betel nut extracts on rabbit gallbladder. | raphanus sativus (abbreviated in this paper as rs.cr) and areca catechu (ac.cr), commonly known as radish and betel nut respectively, are traditionally used in south asia for different gastrointestinal, gallbladder, and hepatic diseases. there has not been any study to see how they modulate gallbladder contractility. we selected isolated rabbit gallbladder tissue preparations, mounted them in tissue baths containing krebs-henseleit solution at 37°c, and then recorded the changes in baseline tone ... | 2012 | 22499720 |
| the effect of extracts from garden radish (raphanus sativus) and horseradish (amoracia rusticana) on platelet functional activity in vitro. | | 1992 | 1492118 |
| genome-wide characterization of the mads-box gene family in radish (raphanus sativus l.) and assessment of its roles in flowering and floral organogenesis. | the mads-box gene family is an important transcription factor (tf) family that is involved in various aspects of plant growth and development, especially flowering time and floral organogenesis. although it has been reported in many plant species, the systematic identification and characterization of mads-box tf family is still limited in radish (raphanus sativus l.). in the present study, a comprehensive analysis of mads-box genes was performed, and a total of 144 mads-box family members were i ... | 2016 | 27703461 |