| phylogeography and molecular epidemiology of papaya ringspot virus. | papaya ringspot virus (prsv) is the most important virus affecting papaya and cucurbit plants in tropical and subtropical areas. prsv isolates are divided into biotypes p and w: both the p and w types naturally infect plants in the family cucurbitaceae, whereas the p type naturally infects papaya (carica papaya). understanding the origin and nature of the prsv genetic diversity and evolution is critical for the implementation of control strategies based on cross-protection and the deployment of ... | 2011 | 21549774 |
| carica papaya (paw-paw) unripe fruit may be beneficial in ulcer. | the anti-ulcer potentials of aqueous (ae) and methanol (me) extracts of whole unripe carica papaya fruit were evaluated using ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in rats. the effect of the extracts on small intestinal propulsion was also investigated. the extracts significantly reduced the ulcer index in both experimental models (p < .05) compared to the control group. me showed a better protection against indomethacin-induced ulcers, whereas ae was more effective against etha ... | 2009 | 20041780 |
| rare or remarkable microfungi from oaxaca (south mexico)--part ii. | microfungi were collected in southern mexico in the vicinity of puerto escondido, oaxaca in 2007. in 2006, samples were gathered from acacia myrmecophytes [(remarkable microfungi from oaxaca of acacia species) part i]. in the present investigation [part ii], we collected microfungi from different parts of a variety of wild and cultivated higher plants belonging to the families anacardiaceae, caricaceae, fabaceae, moraceae, and nyctaginacae. the microfungi found here live as parasites or saprophy ... | 2008 | 19226752 |
| a systematic review of the potential herbal sources of future drugs effective in oxidant-related diseases. | this review focuses on the medicinal plants growing and having history of folk medicine in iran and found effective as anti free radical damage in animal or human. | 2009 | 19275687 |
| cysteine proteinases from papaya (carica papaya) in the treatment of experimental trichuris suis infection in pigs: two randomized controlled trials. | cysteine proteinases (cps) from papaya (carica papaya) possess anthelmintic properties against human soil-transmitted helminths (sth, ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and hookworm), but there is a lack of supportive and up-to-date efficacy data. we therefore conducted two randomized controlled trials in pigs to assess the efficacy of papaya cps against experimental infections with t. suis. | 2014 | 24886388 |
| imaging of bacterial and fungal cells using fluorescent carbon dots prepared from carica papaya juice. | in this paper, we have described a simple hydrothermal method for preparation of fluorescent carbon dots (c-dots) using carica papaya juice as a precursor. the synthesized c-dots show emission peak at 461 nm with a quantum yield of 7.0 %. the biocompatible nature of c-dots was confirmed by a cytotoxicity assay on e. coli. the c-dots were used as fluorescent probes for imaging of bacterial (bacillus subtilis) and fungal (aspergillus aculeatus) cells and emitted green and red colors under differen ... | 2015 | 26123674 |
| papaya (carica papaya) leaf methanolic extract modulates in vitro rumen methanogenesis and rumen biohydrogenation. | papaya leaf methanolic extract (ple) at concentrations of 0 (con), 5 (lle), 10 (mle) and 15 (hle) mg/250 mg dry matter (dm) with 30 ml buffered rumen fluid were incubated for 24 h to identify its effect on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and ruminal biohydrogenation (bh). total gas production was not affected (p > 0.05) by addition of ple compared to the con at 24 h of incubation. methane (ch4 ) production (ml/250 mg dm) decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing levels of ple. acetate to propionate r ... | 2017 | 27345820 |
| in vitro antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities of plant extracts from spathodea campanulata, ficus bubu, and carica papaya. | african medicinal plants represent a prominent source of new active substances. in this context, three plants were selected for biological investigations based on their traditional uses. | 2016 | 26799575 |
| invitro anti-mycotic activity of hydro alcoholic extracts of some indian medicinal plants against fluconazole resistant candida albicans. | candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic infections caused by candida albicans. fluconazole is the drug of choice for prevention and management of this condition. however, the emergence of fluconazole resistant candidal strains has become a major concern. many herbs like fenugreek, cinnamon, papaya, oregano, garlic are rich in phytochemical constituents known to express antimycotic activity. with the available information, the present research study was carried out to assess the invit ... | 2015 | 26436036 |
| chemoprevention by isothiocyanates: molecular basis of apoptosis induction. | an important and promising group of compounds that have a cancer-chemopreventive property are organosulfur compounds, such as isothiocyanates (itcs). various itcs are effective chemoprotective agents against chemical carcinogenesis in experimental animals. several epidemiological studies also indicated that the dietary consumption of itcs or itc-containing foods inversely correlates with the risk of developing lung, breast, and colon cancers, providing evidence that they have a potential to prev ... | 2009 | 19367121 |
| a multi-centric, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carica papaya leaf extract, as empirical therapy for thrombocytopenia associated with dengue fever. | dengue is a rapidly expanding global health problem. approximately 2.5 billion people live in dengue-risk regions with about 100 million new cases each year worldwide. the cumulative dengue diseases burden has attained an unprecedented proportion in recent times with sharp increase in the size of human population at risk. the management of dengue virus infection is essentially supportive and symptomatic and no specific treatment is available for increasing the fallen platelets, which have a sign ... | 2016 | 27739262 |
| effects of papaya leaves on thrombocyte counts in dengue--a case report. | dengue fever is on the rise in developing nations like india, pakistan, sri lanka and bangladesh. there is no antiviral chemotherapy or vaccine for dengue virus and management of the disease is done on supportive measures. the decline in the thrombocyte count leads to dengue haemorrhagic fever accounting for complications and mortality. oral administration of carica papaya leaves extract is said to have a positive impact on thrombocyte count. a 23-year-old man was administered a calculated dose ... | 2014 | 24864622 |
| first records of two mealybug species in brazil and new potential pests of papaya and coffee. | five mealybug (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) plant pest species: dysmicoccus grassii (leonardi), ferrisia malvastra (mcdaniel), ferrisia virgata (cockerell), phenacoccus tucumanus granara de willink, and pseudococcus elisae borchsenius are recorded for the first time in the state of espírito santo, brazil. these are the first records of d. grassii in brazil, from papaya (carica papaya, caricaceae), and from coffee (coffea canephora, rubiaceae). ferrisia malvastra is also newly recorded in brazil, w ... | 2006 | 19537975 |
| evaluation of sample preparation methods for the analysis of papaya leaf proteins through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. | a variety of sample preparation protocols for plant proteomic analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) have been reported. however, they usually have to be adapted and further optimised for the analysis of plant species not previously studied. | 2009 | 19629955 |
| effects of chloroformic extracts from washed and unwashed papaya seeds (carica papaya) on the sperm concentration of dogs. | papaya seeds (carica papaya linn) have been found to have a significant effect on sperm characteristics in some mammals, including humans, but no studies have investigated the effects on dogs. in the present study, a significant decrease in sperm concentration was observed in a group of dogs treated with extracts from washed papaya seeds, but no decrease was observed in the group of dogs treated with non-washed seeds. an important effect of extract components from washed seeds such as fatty acid ... | 2010 | 19650877 |
| a comparative study of the efficacy of piperazine and carica papaya for the control of helminth parasites in village chickens in zambia. | | 2010 | 19701804 |
| generation of transgenic papaya with double resistance to papaya ringspot virus and papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus. | during the field tests of coat protein (cp)-transgenic papaya lines resistant to papaya ringspot virus (prsv), another potyvirus sp., papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus (pldmv), appeared as an emerging threat to the transgenic papaya. in this investigation, an untranslatable chimeric construct containing the truncated cp coding region of the pldmv p-tw-wf isolate and the truncated cp coding region with the complete 3' untranslated region of prsv yk isolate was transferred into papaya (carica pa ... | 2009 | 19821736 |
| hplc-based activity profiling for antiplasmodial compounds in the traditional indonesian medicinal plant carica papaya l. | leaf decoctions of carica papaya have been traditionally used in some parts of indonesia to treat and prevent malaria. leaf extracts and fraction have been previously shown to possess antiplasmodial activity in vitro and in vivo. | 2014 | 24892830 |
| effect of caricapryl-99 seed alkaloid extract on the serum levels of sex hormones and pituitary gonadotrophins in male albino rats. | activity of alkaloid extract of caricapryl-99 seeds [carica papaya linn seeds] on the serum levels of steroid hormones was studied in adult male albino rats. three tolerated doses obtained from the graph of percentage toxicity [10, 50 and 150 mg/kg] were separately administered orally, daily for three days to three groups of male rats [n=5] while group four of 5 rats received the vehicle [corn oil] as control. the results showed that 10 mg/kg/d caused increase serum levels of fsh and estrogen bu ... | 2009 | 19826459 |
| biochemical comparison of two proteolytic enzymes from carica candamarcensis: structural motifs underlying resistance to cystatin inhibition. | the lattices of carica candamarcensis and carica papaya, members of the caricaceae family, contain isoforms of cysteine proteinases that help protect these plants against injury. in a prior study, we fractionated 14 discrete proteinaceous components from c. candamarcensis, two of them displaying mitogenic activity in mammalian cells. in this study, we compared the kinetic parameters of one of the mitogenic proteinases (cms2ms2) with one of the isoforms displaying the highest enzyme activity of t ... | 2010 | 20116077 |
| in vitro activity of selected west african medicinal plants against mycobacterium ulcerans disease. | buruli ulcer (bu) is the third most prevalent mycobacteriosis, after tuberculosis and leprosy. the currently recommended combination of rifampicin-streptomycin suffers from side effects and poor compliance, which leads to reliance on local herbal remedies. the objective of this study was to investigate the antimycobacterial properties and toxicity of selected medicinal plants. sixty-five extracts from 27 plant species were screened against mycobacterium ulcerans and mycobacterium smegmatis, usin ... | 2016 | 27089314 |
| immunochemical detection of food-derived isothiocyanate as a lysine conjugate. | in a previous study we prepared monoclonal antibody against allyl isothiocyanate (aitc)-modified lysine (lys), and found that aitc reacted with lys under physiological conditions in vitro (t. nakamura et al., chem. res. toxicol., 22, 536-542 (2009)). in the present study, antibodies against benzyl isothiocyanate (itc), 6-methylsulfinylhexyl itc and phenethyl itc modified protein were prepared, and the respective monoclonal antibodies, b6c9, 6ms3d10, and pe3a10 were obtained. these antibodies wer ... | 2010 | 20208364 |
| fertility, developmental toxicity and teratogenicity in albino rats treated with methanol sub-fraction of carica papaya seeds. | to evaluate the status of fertility, developmental stages during gestation and teratological changes, if any, following oral administration of methanol sub-fraction (msf) of the benzene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract of the seeds of carica papaya in rats. | 2011 | 21844997 |
| genetic differentiation of colletotrichum gloeosporioides and c. truncatum associated with anthracnose disease of papaya (carica papaya l.) and bell pepper (capsium annuum l.) based on its pcr-rflp fingerprinting. | members of the genus colletotrichum include some of the most economically important fungal pathogens in the world. accurate diagnosis is critical to devising disease management strategies. two species, colletotrichum gloeosporioides and c. truncatum, are responsible for anthracnose disease in papaya (carica papaya l.) and bell pepper (capsicum annuum l.) in trinidad. the its1-5.8s-its2 region of 48 colletotrichum isolates was sequenced, and the its pcr products were analyzed by pcr-rflp analysis ... | 2011 | 21720933 |
| phytochemistry and heamatological potential of ethanol seed leaf and pulp extracts of carica papaya (linn.). | this study was aimed at qualitative evaluation of the ethanol seed, leaf and pulp extracts of c. papaya for bioactive compounds and also to investigate their effect on the haematology in male albino rats. a 3 x 4 factorial experimental layout using randomized complete design was adopted. results show that the phytochemicals found in seed, leaf and pulp were almost the same but however, in varying proportions. present result also revealed that there were significant effects (p < 0.05) of the extr ... | 2011 | 21902066 |
| bioactivity of carica papaya (caricaceae) against spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the composition of a chloroform seed extract of c. papaya was determined by gc-ms. nineteen compounds were identified, with oleic (45.97%), palmitic (24.1%) and stearic (8.52%) acids being the main components. the insecticidal and insectistatic activities of the extract and the three main constituents were tested. larval duration increased by 3.4 d and 2.5 d when the extract was used at 16,000 and 9,600 ppm, respectively, whereas the pupal period increased by 2.2 d and 1.1 d at the same concentr ... | 2011 | 21892128 |
| antidiarrhoeal activity of das-77 (a herbal preparation). | das-77 is a traditional herbal preparation composed of the young callous bark of mango (mangifera indica linn., anacardiaceae) and the dried root of pawpaw (carica papaya linn., caricaceae). this phytomedicine is claimed to have beneficial effects in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, including diarrhoea. | 2011 | 23175899 |
| inhibition of the host proteasome facilitates papaya ringspot virus accumulation and proteosomal catalytic activity is modulated by viral factor hcpro. | the ubiquitin/26s proteasome system plays an essential role not only in maintaining protein turnover, but also in regulating many other plant responses, including plant-pathogen interactions. previous studies highlighted different roles of the 20s proteasome in plant defense during virus infection, either indirectly through viral suppressor-mediated degradation of argonaute proteins, affecting the rna interference pathway, or directly through modulation of the proteolytic and rnase activity of t ... | 2012 | 23300704 |
| reduction of hydrogen peroxide-induced erythrocyte damage by carica papaya leaf extract. | to investigate the in vitro antioxidant potential of carica papaya (c. papaya) leaf extract and its effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced erythrocyte damage assessed by haemolysis and lipid peroxidation. | 2012 | 23569948 |
| the thiol proteinases from the latex of carica papaya l. iv. proteolytic specificities of chymopapain and papaya proteinase omega determined by digestion of alpha-globin chains. | the proteolytic specificities of chymopapain and papaya proteinase omega were investigated by using the alpha-chains of manatee and mole haemoglobin, whose primary structures are known, as substrates. the resulting peptides from each enzymatic cleavage were isolated by gel filtration on sephadex g-25, followed by reversed-phase hplc of the separated peaks and, in some cases, further purified by preparative thin-layer electrophoresis. the purified peptides were then identified on the basis of the ... | 2009 | 2686700 |
| rapid construction of stable infectious full-length cdna clone of papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus using in-fusion cloning. | papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (pldmv) is becoming a threat to papaya and transgenic papaya resistant to the related pathogen, papaya ringspot virus (prsv). the generation of infectious viral clones is an essential step for reverse-genetics studies of viral gene function and cross-protection. in this study, a sequence- and ligation-independent cloning system, the in-fusion(®) cloning kit (clontech, mountain view, ca, usa), was used to construct intron-less or intron-containing full-length c ... | 2015 | 26633465 |
| cumulative mortality of aedes aegypti larvae treated with compounds. | objective to evaluate the larvicidal activity of azadirachta indica, melaleuca alternifolia, carapa guianensis essential oils and fermented extract of carica papaya against aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) (diptera: culicidae). methods the larvicide test was performed in triplicate with 300 larvae for each experimental group using the third larval stage, which were exposed for 24h. the groups were: positive control with industrial larvicide (bti) in concentrations of 0.37 ppm (pc1) and 0.06 ppm (p ... | 0 | 25119939 |
| phytoextracts-synthesized silver nanoparticles inhibit bacterial fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila. | fish disease is a major stumbling block towards sustainable growth of the fisheries sector. aeromonas hydrophila, which is a major infectious aquatic pathogen is reportedly the causative agent of ulcers, fin-rot, tail-rot, hemorrhagic septicemia in fish, and has reportedly developed resistance against many of the available antibiotics. in this context, the inhibitory function of silver nanoparticles (agnps) against a. hydrophila was studied to evaluate its possible application in aquaculture as ... | 2013 | 24426148 |
| antimalarial potential of carica papaya and vernonia amygdalina in mice infected with plasmodium berghei. | the study determined if administration of vernonia amygdalina and carica papaya plants provides synergistic effects in ameliorating plasmodium infection in mice. thirty mice (17.88-25.3 g) were divided into 6 groups of 5 mice each. group 1 was normal control, while groups 2-6 were intraperitoneally inoculated 2.5 × 10(7)plasmodium berghei parasitized red blood cell, followed by daily administration of 350 mg/kg aqueous leaf extracts after establishment of infection. group 2 was disease control, ... | 2016 | 28042299 |
| anti-malarial activity of a polyherbal product (nefang) during early and established plasmodium infection in rodent models. | the emerging resistance of plasmodium species to currently available anti-malarials remains a public health concern, hence the need for new effective, safe and affordable drugs. natural products remain a reliable source of drugs. nefang is a polyherbal anti-malarial of the cameroonian folklore medicine with demonstrated in vitro antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. it is composed of mangifera indica (bark and leaf), psidium guajava, carica papaya, cymbopogon citratus, citrus sinensis, ocim ... | 2014 | 25421605 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of a monopartite begomovirus and associated satellites infecting carica papaya in nepal. | carica papaya (papaya) is a fruit crop that is cultivated mostly in kitchen gardens throughout nepal. leaf samples of c. papaya plants with leaf curling, vein darkening, vein thickening, and a reduction in leaf size were collected from a garden in darai village, rampur, nepal in 2010. full-length clones of a monopartite begomovirus, a betasatellite and an alphasatellite were isolated. the complete nucleotide sequence of the begomovirus showed the arrangement of genes typical of old world begomov ... | 2013 | 23397078 |
| development of transgenic papaya through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. | transgenic papaya plants were regenerated from hypocotyls and immature zygotic embryo after cocultivation with agrobacterium tumefaciens lba-4404 carrying a binary plasmid vector system containing neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) gene as the selectable marker and β-glucuronidase (gus) as the reporter gene. the explants were co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens on regeneration medium containing 500 mg/l carbenicillin + 200 mg/l cefotaxime for one week. the cocultivated explants were tr ... | 2013 | 24066284 |
| transgenic papaya plants from agrobacterium-mediated transformation of somatic embryos. | transgenic papaya (carica papaya l.) plants were regenerated from embryogenic cultures that were cocultivated with a disarmed c58 strain of agrobacterium tumefaciens containing one of the following binary cosmid vectors: pga482gg or pga482gg/cpprv-4. the t-dna region of both binary vectors includes the chimeric genes for neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii) and ß-glucuronidase (gus). in addition, the plant expressible coat protein (cp) gene of papaya ringspot virus (prv) is flanked by the npti ... | 1993 | 24197150 |
| new constitutive latex osmotin-like proteins lacking antifungal activity. | proteins that share similar primary sequences to the protein originally described in salt-stressed tobacco cells have been named osmotins. so far, only two osmotin-like proteins were purified and characterized of latex fluids. osmotin from carica papaya latex is an inducible protein lacking antifungal activity, whereas the calotropis procera latex osmotin is a constitutive antifungal protein. to get additional insights into this subject, we investigated osmotins in latex fluids of five species. ... | 2015 | 26231325 |
| fermented papaya preparation restores age-related reductions in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytolytic activity in tube-fed patients. | tube-fed elderly patients are generally supplied with the same type of nutrition over long periods, resulting in an increased risk for micronutrient deficiencies. dietary polyphenols promote immunity and have anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-oxidative properties. carica papaya linn. is rich in several polyphenols; however, these polyphenols are poorly absorbed from the digestive tract in their original polymerized form. therefore, we determined the molecular components of a ferment ... | 2017 | 28060858 |
| report: in vivo anticoccidial effects of azadirachta indica and carica papaya l. with salinomycin drug as a dietary feed supplement in broiler chicks. | a total of thirty suspected broiler chicks were screened for coccidiosis, of them 25 chicks were found to be infected with coccidiosis viz. eimeria tenella (15) eimeria maxima (5) eimeria necatrix (6) and eimeria mitis (4). the anticoccidial efficacy of azadirachta indica and carica papaya with salinomycin as a dietary feed supplement on the representative e. tenella (25 x 10³ oocyst) infection challenged in broiler chicks was studied in six groups for the period of six weeks. a. indica and c. p ... | 2015 | 26142532 |
| effects of chemical treatments on fresh-cut papaya. | four treatments (control, 0.1% cinnamaldehyde, 0.75% calcium chloride and combination of 0.1% cinnamaldehyde and 0.75% calcium chloride) were used to evaluate chemical effects on shelf life, quality and sensory acceptability of fresh-cut papaya (carica papaya l.). papaya slices were packed and covered with polypropylene film, stored at 5 °c; and evaluated after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days for microbiological and physicochemical changes. a sensory evaluation was performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 da ... | 2016 | 26213093 |
| in situ carica papaya stem matrix and fusarium oxysporum (ncbt-156) mediated bioremediation of chromium. | removal of heavy metal chromium was carried out using the fungus fusarium oxysporum ncbt-156 strain isolated from soil of leather tanning effluent in in situ condition using potassium dichromate solution with 10 per cent czapek-dox liquid medium. biosorbent matrix was developed using carica papaya plant dry stem to colonize the fungal strain to facilitate bioabsorption process. bioabsorption of chromium was by metabolically mediated intracellular accumulation process. maximum efficiency of chrom ... | 2011 | 22403866 |
| wound-healing potential of an ethanol extract of carica papaya (caricaceae) seeds. | carica papaya l. (linn) (caricaceae) is traditionally used to treat various skin disorders, including wounds. it is widely used in developing countries as an effective and readily available treatment for various wounds, particularly burns. this study evaluated the wound-healing and antimicrobial activity of c. papaya seed extract. ethanol extract of c. papaya seed (50 mg/kg/day) was evaluated for its wound-healing activity in sprague-dawley rats using excision wound model. animals were randomly ... | 2012 | 22296524 |
| the effect of praziquantel and carica papaya seeds on hymenolepis nana infection in mice using scanning electron microscope. | hymenolepis nana (h. nana) is the most common tapeworm infection worldwide. it is more prevalent in warm climates where sanitation is poor, particularly among children. the effect and mechanism of action of praziquantel (pzq), given at a dose of 25-mg/kg bw, and carica papaya dried seed crude aqueous extract (cae), given at a dose of 1.2-g/kg bw, were assessed on h. nana worms in experimentally infected mice. tegumental changes were studied using the scanning electron microscope (sem) and differ ... | 2014 | 24849866 |
| a spectrophotometric transesterification-based assay for lipases in organic solvent. | a new method to evaluate lipase activities in nonaqueous conditions using vinyl ester absorbance at ultraviolet (uv) wavelengths is described. the model reaction is the transesterification between vinyl stearate and pentanol in hexane at 30 degrees c or in decane at 50 degrees c. the conversion of vinyl stearate into pentyl stearate is monitored through decreasing uv absorbance at 200 nm. six commercial lipases were tested with this method, and results were compared with gas chromatography (gc) ... | 2009 | 19013125 |
| transgenic papaya: a useful platform for oral vaccines. | transgenic papaya callus lines expressing the components of the s3pvac vaccine constitute a stable platform to produce an oral vaccine against cysticercosis caused by taenia solium or t. crassiceps. the development of effective delivery systems to cope with the reduced immunogenicity of new subunit vaccines is a priority in vaccinology. herein, experimental evidence supporting a papaya-based platform to produce needle-free, recombinant, highly immunogenic vaccines is shown. papaya (carica papaya ... | 2017 | 28194565 |
| in vivo antiprotozoal activity of the chloroform extract from carica papaya seeds against amastigote stage of trypanosoma cruzi during indeterminate and chronic phase of infection. | in order to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of the chloroform extract of carica papaya seeds during the subacute and chronic phase of infection of trypanosoma cruzi, doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg were evaluated during the subacute phase, including a mixture of their main components (oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids). subsequently, doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg in mice during the chronic phase of infection (100 dpi) were also evaluated. it was found that chloroform extract was able to reduce the amas ... | 2014 | 25276216 |
| assessment of the anti-protozoal activity of crude carica papaya seed extract against trypanosoma cruzi. | in order to determine the in vivo activity against the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi, two doses (50 and 75 mg/kg) of a chloroform extract of carica papaya seeds were evaluated compared with a control group of allopurinol. the activity of a mixture of the three main compounds (oleic, palmitic and stearic acids in a proportion of 45.9% of oleic acid, 24.1% of palmitic and 8.52% of stearic acid previously identified in the crude extract of c. papaya was evaluated at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg. b ... | 2013 | 24126379 |
| high-yield preparation of wax esters via lipase-catalyzed esterification using fatty acids and alcohols from crambe and camelina oils. | fatty acids obtained from seed oils of crambe (crambe abyssinica) and camelina (camelina sativa) via alkaline saponification or steam splitting were esterified using lipases as biocatalysts with oleyl alcohol and the alcohols derived from crambe and camelina oils via hydrogenolysis of their methyl esters. long-chain wax esters were thus obtained in high yields when novozym 435 (immobilized lipase b from candida antarctica) and papaya (carica papaya) latex lipase were used as biocatalysts and vac ... | 2001 | 11262006 |
| allergenicity assessment of the papaya ringspot virus coat protein expressed in transgenic rainbow papaya. | the virus-resistant, transgenic commercial papaya rainbow and sunup ( carica papaya l.) have been consumed locally in hawaii and elsewhere in the mainland united states and canada since their release to planters in hawaii in 1998. these papaya are derived from transgenic papaya line 55-1 and carry the coat protein (cp) gene of papaya ringspot virus (prsv). the prsv cp was evaluated for potential allergenicity, an important component in assessing the safety of food derived from transgenic plants. ... | 2011 | 21819140 |
| whole genome sequence analysis of unidentified genetically modified papaya for development of a specific detection method. | identification of transgenic sequences in an unknown genetically modified (gm) papaya (carica papaya l.) by whole genome sequence analysis was demonstrated. whole genome sequence data were generated for a gm-positive fresh papaya fruit commodity detected in monitoring using real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the sequences obtained were mapped against an open database for papaya genome sequence. transgenic construct- and event-specific sequences were identified as a gm papaya developed to ... | 2016 | 27006240 |
| antagonism or synergism between papaya ringspot virus and papaya mosaic virus in carica papaya is determined by their order of infection. | antagonism between unrelated plant viruses has not been thoroughly described. our studies show that two unrelated viruses, papaya ringspot virus (prsv) and papaya mosaic virus (papmv) produce different symptomatic outcomes during mixed infection depending on the inoculation order. synergism occurs in plants infected first with prsv or in plants infected simultaneously with prsv and papmv, and antagonism occurs in plants infected first with papmv and later inoculated with prsv. during antagonism, ... | 2016 | 26765969 |
| the component of carica papaya seed toxic to a. aegypti and the identification of tegupain, the enzyme that generates it. | as aedes aegypti transmits the etiologic agents of both yellow and dengue fever; vector control is considered essential to minimise their incidence. the aim of this work was to identify the component of carica papaya seed toxic to a. aegypti, and the identification of tegupain, the enzyme that generates it. aqueous extracts (1%, w/v) of the seed tegument and cotyledon of c. papaya are not larvicidal isolately. however, a mixture of 17μgml(-1) tegument extract and 27μgml(-1) cotyledon extract cau ... | 2013 | 23402920 |
| nia-pro of papaya ringspot virus interacts with carica papaya eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit g (cpeif3g). | the interaction of papaya eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit g (cpeif3g) with papaya ringspot virus (prsv) nia-pro was validated using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay in papaya protoplasts based on the previous yeast two-hybrid assay results. the c-terminal (residues 133-239) fragment of prsv nia-pro and the central domain (residues 59-167) of cpeif3g were required for effective interaction between nia-pro and cpeif3g as shown by a sos recruitment yeast two-hybri ... | 2015 | 25416301 |
| plant utilization against digestive system disorder in southern assam, india. | being one of the most common types of life threatening diseases in southern assam, india, the digestive system disorders (dsd) have gained much attention in recent decades. traditional beliefs and inadequate income of mass population result in the use of alternative phytotherapies to treat the diseases. | 2015 | 26387738 |
| isolation and characterisation of prsv-p resistance genes in carica and vasconcellea. | papaya (carica papaya l.) is one of the major tropical fruit crops worldwide, but it is limited throughout its range by papaya ringspot virus type p (prsv-p). previous genetic studies identified a functional prsv-p resistance marker in a mapping population of f2 plants of vasconcellea pubescens (resistant to prsv-p) × vasconcellea parviflora (susceptible to prsv-p) and showed that the marker exhibited homology to a serine threonine protein kinase (stk) gene. full length cdnas of putative prsv-p ... | 2014 | 25184131 |
| alpha-tocopherol content in 62 edible tropical plants. | vitamin e was determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method. all the plants tested showed differences in their alpha-tocopherol content and the differences were significant (p < 0.05). the highest alpha-tocopherol content was in sauropus androgynus leaves (426.8 mg/kg edible portion), followed by citrus hystrix leaves (398.3 mg/kg), calamus scipronum (193.8 mg/kg), starfruit leaves averrhoa belimbi (168.3 mg/kg), red pepper capsicum annum (155.4 mg/kg), local celery apiu ... | 2001 | 11410015 |
| gene technology for papaya ringspot virus disease management. | papaya (carica papaya) is severely damaged by the papaya ringspot virus (prsv). this review focuses on the development of prsv resistant transgenic papaya through gene technology. the genetic diversity of prsv depends upon geographical distribution and the influence of prsv disease management on a sequence of prsv isolates. the concept of pathogen-derived resistance has been employed for the development of transgenic papaya, using a coat protein-mediated, rna-silencing mechanism and replicase ge ... | 2014 | 24757435 |
| herbal remedies and functional foods used by cancer patients attending specialty oncology clinics in trinidad. | cancer is a major disease worldwide, and many patients use complementary and alternative treatments. the purpose of this study was to identify the herbal remedies and functional foods used as complementary medicine by prostate, breast and colorectal cancer patients at speciality care facilities in trinidad. we also sought to determine how patients rated the efficacy of these modalities compared with conventional treatment. | 2016 | 27769229 |
| acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of three plants used in cameroonian ethnoveterinary medicine: aloe vera (l.) burm. f. (xanthorrhoeaceae) leaves, carica papaya l. (caricaceae) seeds or leaves, and mimosa pudica l. (fabaceae) leaves in kabir chicks. | aloe vera (l.) burm. f. (xanthorrhoeaceae), carica papaya l. (caricaceae) and mimosa pudica l. (fabaceae) are widely used in the cameroonian ethnoveterinary medicine as a panacea, and specifically for gastrointestinal disorders as well as an anthelmintic and antibacterial. | 2016 | 26657577 |
| identification and detection of genetically modified papaya resistant to papaya ringspot virus strains in thailand. | many lines of genetically modified (gm) papaya (carica papaya linnaeus) have been developed worldwide to resist infection from various strains of papaya ringspot virus (prsv). we found an unidentified and unauthorized gm papaya in imported processed papaya food. transgenic vector construct that provides resistance to the prsv strains isolated in thailand was detected. an original and specific real-time polymerase chain reaction method was generated to qualitatively detect the prsv-thailand-resis ... | 2014 | 24172062 |
| an extensive alien plant inventory from the inhabited areas of galapagos. | plant invasions are causing habitat degradation in galapagos. problems are concentrated on the four inhabited islands. plants introduced to rural areas in the humid highlands and urban areas on the arid coast act as foci for invasion of the surrounding galapagos national park. | 2010 | 20421999 |
| application of a qualitative and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method for detecting genetically modified papaya line 55-1 in papaya products. | genetically modified (gm) papaya (carica papaya l.) line 55-1 (55-1), which is resistant to papaya ringspot virus infection, has been marketed internationally. many countries have mandatory labeling regulations for gm foods, and there is a need for specific methods for detecting 55-1. here, an event- and construct-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed for detecting 55-1 in papaya products. quantitative detection was possible for fresh papaya fruit up to dilution ... | 2013 | 23122142 |
| the association between chromaticity, phenolics, carotenoids, and in vitro antioxidant activity of frozen fruit pulp in brazil: an application of chemometrics. | a total of 19 brazilian frozen pulps from the following fruits: açai (euterpe oleracea), blackberry (rubus sp.), cajá (spondias mombin), cashew (anacardium occidentale), cocoa (theobroma cacao), coconut (cocos nucifera), grape (vitis sp.), graviola (annona muricata), guava (psidium guajava), papaya (carica papaya), peach (prunus persica), pineapple (ananas comosus), pineapple and mint (a. comosus and mentha spicata), red fruits (rubus sp. and fragaria sp.), seriguela (spondias purpurea), strawbe ... | 2014 | 24547813 |
| [contribution to food microscopy of anacardium occidentale l, carica papaya l and myrciaria cauliflora (martius) berg]. | with a view towards food microscopy the authors present an anatomical study of the pseudofruit of anacardium occidentale l., the fruit of carica papaya l., and the fruit of myrciaria cauliflora (martius) berg. drawings illustrate the text to facilitate identification of the corresponding hystologic elements found in industrialized products. | 2006 | 1233593 |
| identification and expression of c2h2 transcription factor genes in carica papaya under abiotic and biotic stresses. | c2h2 proteins belong to a group of transcription factors (tfs) existing as a superfamily that plays important roles in defense responses and various other physiological processes in plants. the present study aimed to screen for and identify c2h2 proteins associated with defense responses to abiotic and biotic stresses in carica papaya l. data were collected for 47,483 papaya-expressed sequence tags (ests). the full-length cdna nucleotide sequences of 87 c2h2 proteins were predicated by bioedit. ... | 2012 | 22484790 |
| current trends of tropical fruit waste utilization. | recent rapid growth of the world's population has increased food demands. this phenomenon poses a great challenge for food manufacturers in maximizing the existing food or plant resources. nowadays, the recovery of health benefit bioactive compounds from fruit wastes is a research trend not only to help minimize the waste burden, but also to meet the intensive demand from the public for phenolic compounds which are believed to have protective effects against chronic diseases. this review is focu ... | 2016 | 27246698 |
| a set of host proteins interacting with papaya ringspot virus nia-pro protein identified in a yeast two-hybrid system. | the protein-protein interactions between viral and host proteins play an essential role in plant virus infection and host defense. the potyviral nuclear inclusion protein a protease (nia-pro) is involved in various steps of viral infection. in this study, the host proteins interacting with papaya ringspot virus (prsv) nia-pro were screened in a carica papaya l. plant cdna library using a sos recruitment two-hybrid system (srs). we confirmed that the full-length eif3g, fbpa1, fk506bp, gtpbp, msrb1 ... | 2012 | 22404606 |
| efficient transformation of papaya by coat protein gene of papaya ringspot virus mediated byagrobacterium following liquid-phase wounding of embryogenic tissues with caborundum. | generation of transgenic papaya (carica papaya l.) has been hampered by the low rates of transformation achieved by conventionalagrobacterium infection or microprojectile bombardment. we describe an efficientagrobacterium-mediated transformation method based on wounding of cultured embryogenic tissues with carborundum in liquid phase. embryogenic tissues were obtained from cultured immature zygotic embryos collected 75-90 days after pollination. the expressible coat protein (cp) gene of a taiwan ... | 1996 | 24177537 |
| in vitro anti-plasmodial activity of some traditionally used medicinal plants against plasmodium falciparum. | the anti-plasmodial activity of different solvent extracts of adhatoda vasica (root), caesalpinia pulcherrima (leaf), carica papaya (pulp), erythroxylum monogynum (leaf), lantana camara (whole plant), ocimum sanctum (root) and phyllanthus niruri (whole plant) were studied against plasmodium falciparum. of the 35 extracts tested, seven extracts showed good anti-plasmodial activity. methanol extract of c. pulcherrima showed the lowest ic50 value (10.96 μg/ml) followed by methanol extract of a. vas ... | 2012 | 22290450 |
| biodiesel production from crude jatropha oil catalyzed by non-commercial immobilized heterologous rhizopus oryzae and carica papaya lipases. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of biodiesel production by transesterification of jatropha oil with methanol, catalyzed by non-commercial sn-1,3-regioselective lipases. using these lipases, fatty acid methyl esters (fame) and monoacylglycerols are produced, avoiding the formation of glycerol as byproduct. heterologous rhizopus oryzae lipase (rrol) immobilized on different synthetic resins and carica papaya lipase (rcpl) immobilized on lewatit vp oc 1600 were tested. reactio ... | 2016 | 26980626 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of carica papaya linn. seed essential oil against candida spp. | in recent years, the incidence of clinical yeast infections has increased dramatically. due to the extensive use of broad-spectrum antifungal agents, there has been a notable increase in drug resistance among infections yeast species. as one of the most popular natural antimicrobial agents, essential oils (eos) have attracted a lot of attention from the scientific community. the aim of this study was to analyse the chemical composition and examine the antifungal activity of the eo extracted from ... | 2017 | 28052349 |
| the splicing fate of plant spo11 genes. | toward the global understanding of plant meiosis, it seems to be essential to decipher why all as yet sequenced plants need or at least encode for two different meiotic spo11 genes. this is in contrast to mammals and fungi, where only one spo11 is present. both spo11 in arabidopsis thaliana are essential for the initiation of double strand breaks (dsbs) during the meiotic prophase. in nearly all eukaryotic organisms dsb induction during prophase i by spo11 leads to meiotic dsb repair, thereby en ... | 2014 | 25018755 |
| the effect of fermented papaya preparation on radioactive exposure. | exposure to ionizing radiation causes cellular damage, which can lead to premature cell death or accumulation of somatic mutations, resulting in malignancy. the damage is mediated in part by free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species. fermented papaya preparation (fpp), a product of yeast fermentation of carica papaya linn, has been shown to act as an antioxidant. in this study, we investigated the potential of fpp to prevent radiation-induced damage. fpp (0-100 μg/ml) was added to cult ... | 2015 | 26291738 |
| pharmacological evidence for the folk use of nefang: antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of its constituent plants. | nefang is a polyherbal anti-malarial composed of mangifera indica ( mib and mil; bark and leaf), psidium guajava ( pg ), carica papaya ( cp ), cymbopogon citratus ( cc ), citrus sinensis ( cs ) and ocimum gratissimum ( og ) (leaves). previous studies have demonstrated its in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activities, antioxidant properties and safety profile. this study aimed at evaluating the antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the constituent plants of nefang whi ... | 2015 | 26055261 |
| the antioxidant effect of fermented papaya preparation in the oral cavity. | oxidative stress has been recognized to play important roles in various diseases, including of the oral cavity. however, nutritional supplementation of antioxidants to ameliorate the consequences of oxidative stress is debatable. one caveat is that oxidative status is often measured under non-physiological conditions. here, we investigated the antioxidant potential of fermented papaya preparation (fpp), a product of yeast fermentation of carica papaya linn, under conditions that prevail in the o ... | 2015 | 26031772 |
| oxidative stress in patients with alzheimer's disease: effect of extracts of fermented papaya powder. | brain tissue is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress (os). increased production of reactive oxygen species (ros), reduced antioxidant systems, and decreased efficiency in repairing mechanisms have been linked to alzheimer's disease (ad). postmortem studies in ad patients' brains have shown oxidative damage markers (i.e., lipid peroxidation, protein oxidative damage, and glycoxidation). fermented papaya (fpp, a product of carica papaya linn fermentation with yeast) is a nutraceutical supp ... | 2015 | 25944987 |
| isolation and functional characterization of bacterial endophytes from carica papaya fruits. | to isolate and characterize the endophytes from papaya fruits and to determine the fermentative potential of the strains. | 2012 | 22587617 |
| effects of some dietary crude plant extracts on the growth and gonadal maturity of nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) and their resistance to streptococcus agalactiae infection. | a 90-day feeding trial was conducted on the growth performance, feeding efficacy, body indices, various hematological and plasma biochemical parameters, and histopathological examination of the gonads from male and female nile tilapia fingerlings when fed different crude plant extracts from cinnamomum camphora, euphorbia hirta, azadirachta indica, or carica papaya at 2 g kg(-1) compared to a control diet. this was followed by a 14-day challenge to streptococcus agalactiae. all treatments were tr ... | 2016 | 26643907 |
| in vitro efficacy of latex and purified papain from carica papaya against strongyloides venezuelensis eggs and larvae. | latex from carica papaya is rich in bioactive compounds, especially papain, which may help to control parasitic diseases. this study evaluated the efficacy of latex from c. papaya and purified papain against strongyloides venezuelensis. the egg hatching test (eht) and the larval motility test (lmt) using fresh and frozen latex (250mg/ml), lyophilized latex (34mg/ml), and purified papain (2.8 mg/ml) were performed. albendazole (0.025 mg/ml) and ivermectin (316 ppm) were used as positive controls. ... | 2017 | 28380118 |
| dual rna-sequencing of eucalyptus nitens during phytophthora cinnamomi challenge reveals pathogen and host factors influencing compatibility. | damage caused by phytophthora cinnamomi rands remains an important concern on forest tree species. the pathogen causes root and collar rot, stem cankers, and dieback of various economically important eucalyptus spp. in south africa, susceptible cold tolerant eucalyptus plantations have been affected by various phytophthora spp. with p. cinnamomi considered one of the most virulent. the molecular basis of this compatible interaction is poorly understood. in this study, susceptible eucalyptus nite ... | 2016 | 26973660 |
| ethnopharmacological reports on anti-buruli ulcer medicinal plants in three west african countries. | buruli ulcer (bu) is the third most common mycobacterial infection in the world, after tuberculosis and leprosy and has recently been recognized as an important emerging disease. this disease is common in west africa where more than 99% of the burden is felt and where most affected people live in remote areas with traditional medicine as primary or only option. reports indicate that the ethnopharmacological control approach of the disease in such settings has shown promise. however, no or very f ... | 2015 | 26099634 |
| development of plants resistant to papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus by intergeneric hybridization between carica papaya and vasconcellea cundinamarcensis. | in this study, we confirmed that vasconcellea cundinamarcensis resists papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (pldmv), and used it to produce intergeneric hybrids with carica papaya. from the cross between c. papaya and v. cundinamarcensis, we obtained 147 seeds with embryos. though c. papaya is a monoembryonic plant, multiple embryos were observed in all 147 seeds. we produced 218 plants from 28 seeds by means of embryo-rescue culture. all plants had pubescence on their petioles and stems characte ... | 2016 | 28163589 |
| the relative anthelmintic efficacy of plant-derived cysteine proteinases on intestinal nematodes. | we examined the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of plant cysteine proteinases (cps) derived from pineapple (ananas comosus) and kiwi fruit (actinidia deliciosa), and compared their efficacy as anthelmintics to the known effects of cps from the latex of papaya (carica papaya) against the rodent intestinal nematode, heligmosomoides bakeri. both fruit bromelain and stem bromelain had significant in vitro detrimental effects on h. bakeri but in comparison, actinidain from kiwi fruit had very little ef ... | 2015 | 24176056 |
| bioefficacy of larvicdial and pupicidal properties of carica papaya (caricaceae) leaf extract and bacterial insecticide, spinosad, against chikungunya vector, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the present study was carried out to establish the properties of carica papaya leaf extract and bacterial insecticide, spinosad on larvicidal and pupicidal activity against the chikungunya vector, aedes aegypti. the medicinal plants were collected from the area around bharathiar university, coimbatore, india. c. papaya leaf was washed with tap water and shade-dried at room temperature. an electrical blender powdered the dried plant materials (leaves). the powder (500 g) of the leaf was extracted ... | 2012 | 21750871 |
| molluscicidal activity of carica papaya and areca catechu against the freshwater snail lymnaea acuminata. | the molluscicidal activity of seed and lyophilized latex powder of carica papaya and seed powder of areca catechu against the vector snail lymnaea acuminata was studied. the toxicity of these plant products was time and dose dependent. the toxicity of c. papaya lyophilized latex powder (lc(50) at 96 h: 8.38 mg/l) was more pronounced than that of a. catechu seed powder (lc(50) at 96 h: 12.32 mg/l) and c. papaya seed powder (lc(50) at 96 h: 61.56 mg/l). ethanolic extracts of c. papaya seed and a. ... | 2008 | 18280663 |
| cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of five medicinal plants on allium cepa linn. | the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of five medicinal plants: azadirachta indica (a. juss), morinda lucida (benth.), cymbopogon citratus (dc stapf.), mangifera indica (linn.) and carica papaya (linn.) was evaluated using the allium cepa assay. the extracts were prepared with tap water as practised locally. onion bulbs were exposed to 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50%; and 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% concentrations (v/v) of each of the extracts for macroscopic and microscopic analyses, respectiv ... | 2007 | 17572030 |
| acaricidal effect of herbal extracts against cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus using in vitro studies. | the crude methanolic extract of datura stramonium, azadirachta indica, and calotropis procera leaves, allium sativum (as) cloves, and carica papaya (cp) seeds collected from banaskanta, gujarat (india) was tested for its acaricidal properties against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the percent adult mortality within 15 days, reproductive index, percentage inhibition of oviposition, hatching of laid ova, and percentage larval mortality were studied at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ... | 2014 | 24633906 |
| an ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by traditional healers in silent valley of kerala, india. | medicinal plants are treating and preventing a variety disease. there is urgency in recording such data. this is the first ethno botanical study in which statistical calculations about plants are done by icf method. the present study was aimed to identify plants collected for medicinal purposes by the traditional healers of silent valley, located in palakad district of kerala, india and to document the traditional names, preparation and uses of these plants. | 2014 | 24832113 |
| acute renal failure induced by chinese herbal medication in nigeria. | traditional herbal medicine is a global phenomenon especially in the resource poor economy where only the very rich can access orthodox care. these herbal products are associated with complications such as acute renal failure and liver damage with a high incidence of mortalities and morbidities. acute renal failure from the use of herbal remedies is said to account for about 30-35% of all cases of acute renal failure in africa. most of the herbal medications are not usually identified, but some ... | 2015 | 26199625 |
| current status of plant products reported to inhibit sperm. | this report reviews research on plant-derived agents that prevent sperm production if taken orally by the male or that incapacitate or kill sperm on contact if used vaginally by the female. it would be of great value to develop fertility inhibitors that are totally selective for reproductive systems and enzymes, and there is a possibility that a plant-derived drug may have this effect. plants that have been studied for their fertility inhibiting effects in the male include: aristolochia indica l ... | 1982 | 12179631 |
| papaya latex supernatant has a potent effect on the free-living stages of equid cyathostomins in vitro. | the control of equid gastrointestinal nematodes in developed countries, in particular the cyathostomins, is threatened by high levels of anthelmintic resistance. in recent years, there has been increasing interest in the evaluation of traditional 'ethnoveterinary' medicines as alternatives to chemical anthelmintics. the cysteine proteinases (cps), a group of enzymes derived from fruits such as papaya (carica papaya), pineapple (ananas comosus) and figs (ficus spp.), have shown good efficacy agai ... | 2016 | 27692327 |
| ethno-veterinary control of bovine dermatophilosis and ticks in zhombe, njelele and shamrock resettlement in zimbabwe. | a structured questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the ethno-veterinary practices and other control methods used by smallholder farmers for the management of bovine dermatophilosis and ticks. a total of 153 farmers were interviewed from njelele, zhombe communal and shamrock resettlement areas. crop production contributed most to livelihoods (83.2 %) while livestock contributed 9.0 %. over 90 % of the respondents had attended school up to primary level, with 11.4 % undergoing animal hea ... | 2013 | 23054800 |
| inhibitory effects of a kunitz-type inhibitor from pithecellobium dumosum (benth) seeds against insect-pests' digestive proteinases. | pithecellobium dumosum is a tree belonging to the mimosoideae subfamily that presents various previously characterized kunitz-type inhibitors. the present study provides a novel kunitz-trypsin inhibitor isoform purified from p. dumosum seeds. purification procedure was performed by tca precipitation followed by a trypsin-sepharose chromatography and a further reversed-phase hplc. purified inhibitor (pdki-4) showed enhanced inhibitory activity against bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin. furthermore, ... | 2013 | 23238511 |
| glycaemic response to some commonly eaten fruits in type 2 diabetes mellitus. | it is not known which of the commonly consumed fruits in nigeria are suitable for persons with diabetes mellitus especially with regards to the attendant plasma glucose response (pgr) to consumption of such fruits. | 2011 | 21984455 |
| traditional knowledge on poisonous plants of udhampur district of jammu and kashmir, india. | poisonous plants comprise the third largest category of poisons known around the world. other than affecting the humans directly, they are the major cause of economic losses in the livestock industry since the advent of civilisation. aim of the present study was to collect and systematically document the traditional knowledge of poisonous plants of udhampur district for the benefit of humanity before it is entombed forever. | 2014 | 24412380 |
| physical characteristic and palatability of biscuit bio-supplement for dairy goat. | the objective of this study was to apply the physical characteristic and palatability of biscuit bio-supplement for dairy goat. this research was conducted at laboratory of feed industry, faculty of animal science, bogor agricultural university, indonesia and the palatability test was conducted on the dairy goat farm at leuwiliang, bogor, indonesia on march-july 2012. twenty heads of dairy goat were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments (four heads of goat/treatment). experimental design ... | 2014 | 26031008 |
| postprandial glucose response to selected tropical fruits in normal glucose-tolerant nigerians. | the glycemic response to commonly eaten fruits in nigeria has not been reported. therefore, this study assessed the plasma glucose response to selected fruits in nigeria. | 2014 | 21493998 |
| [effect of the addition of tropical fruits--pineapple (ananas comosus) and papaya (carica papaya)--on the production of biological silage from fish]. | microbial fish silage was produced from under-utilized fish mixed with juice and waste fruits (pineapple and papaya) at 35 degrees c. six different products were elaborated as following: a: fish muscle with pineapple juice; b: fish muscle with fruit wastes; c: gutted fish with pineapple juice; d: gutted fish with fruit wastes; e: whole fish with pineapple juice; f: whole fish with fruit wastes. process development was evaluated by measuring: ph, acidity, non-protein nitrogen, consistency and exu ... | 1993 | 8779625 |