| cotton metallothionein ghmt3a, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, increased tolerance against abiotic stress in transgenic tobacco and yeast. | a cdna clone encoding a 64-amino acid type 3 metallothionein protein, designated ghmt3a, was isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) by cdna library screening. northern blot analysis indicated that mrna accumulation of ghmt3a was up-regulated not only by high salinity, drought, and low temperature stresses, but also by heavy metal ions, abscisic acid (aba), ethylene, and reactive oxygen species (ros) in cotton seedlings. transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing ghmt3a showe ... | 2009 | 19033550 |
| production of mrna from the cry1ac transgene differs among bollgard lines which correlates to the level of subsequent protein. | commercial cultivars of bollgard cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., differ in the amount of expressed cry1ac protein. however, the plant-mechanism for which this occurs is still unknown. using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr), we developed a method to determine if differences in the overall level of cry1ac among bollgard lines could be correlated to the mrna transcripts. our data shows that the cry1ac mrna transcript differs among bollgard lines and are correlated with corresp ... | 2009 | 18594999 |
| molecular cloning, expression profiling, and yeast complementation of 19 beta-tubulin cdnas from developing cotton ovules. | microtubules are a major structural component of the cytoskeleton and participate in cell division, intracellular transport, and cell morphogenesis. in the present study, 795 cotton tubulin expressed sequence tags were analysed and 19 beta-tubulin genes (tub) cloned from a cotton cdna library. among the group, 12 cotton tubs (ghtubs) are reported for the first time here. transcription profiling revealed that nine ghtubs were highly expressed in elongating fibre cells as compared with fuzzless-li ... | 2008 | 18596112 |
| resistance allele frequency to bt cotton in field populations of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in china. | resistance evolution in target insects to bacillus thurningiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., is a main threat to bt cotton technology. an increasing trend of population density of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) has been observed since 2001 in qiuxian county (hebei, china), where bt cotton has been planted dominantly since 1998. this region was selected in 2006 and 2007 for estimating frequency of gene alleles conferring resistance to bt cotton by screening the f1 ... | 2008 | 18613597 |
| geminivirus-mediated gene silencing from cotton leaf crumple virus is enhanced by low temperature in cotton. | a silencing vector for cotton (gossypium hirsutum) was developed from the geminivirus cotton leaf crumple virus (clcrv). the clcrv coat protein gene was replaced by up to 500 bp of dna homologous to one of two endogenous genes, the magnesium chelatase subunit i gene (chli) or the phytoene desaturase gene (pds). cotyledons of cotton cultivar 'deltapine 5415' bombarded with the modified viral vectors manifested chlorosis due to silencing of either chli or pds in approximately 70% of inoculated pla ... | 2008 | 18621976 |
| promoter of a cotton fibre myb gene functional in trichomes of arabidopsis and glandular trichomes of tobacco. | cotton fibres are unicellular seed trichomes. our previous study suggested that the cotton r2r3 myb transcript factor gamyb2 is a functional homologue of the arabidopsis trichome regulator glabra1 (gl1). here, the gamyb2 promoter activity is reported in cotton (gossypium hirsutum), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), and arabidopsis plants. a 2062 bp promoter of gamyb2 was isolated from g. arboreum, and fused to a beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene. in cotton, the gamyb2 promoter exhibited activiti ... | 2008 | 18711121 |
| specific expression of a beta-tubulin gene (ghtub1) in developing cotton fibers. | a cdna library was constructed using poly (a)(+) rna isolated from -1-15 dpa fibers of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum). the cdna encoding a beta-tubulin isoform (designated as ghtub1) was identified through est search. northern blot analysis using 3'-utr of the cdna as a gene-specific probe was performed to investigate the expression levels of ghtub1 in various organs and in the developing fibers. the results showed that ghtub1 gene was specifically expressed in cotton fiber cells. during fib ... | 2003 | 18763138 |
| fitness costs associated with cry1ac-resistant helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae): a factor countering selection for resistance to bt cotton? | the heritability, stability, and fitness costs in a cry1ac-resistant helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) colony (ar) were measured in the laboratory. in response to selection, heritability values for ar increased in generations 4-7 and decreased in generations 11-19. ar had significantly increased pupal mortality, a male-biased sex ratio, and lower mating success compared with the unselected parental strain (sc). ar males had significantly more mating costs compared with females. a ... | 2008 | 18767756 |
| global analysis of gene expression in cotton fibers from wild and domesticated gossypium barbadense. | gossypium barbadense is widely cultivated because of its extra-long staple cotton with superior luster, silkiness and high yield. these economically important traits were selected during initial domestication of an agronomically inferior wild ancestor, followed by millennia of human-mediated selection. to reveal the effects of this history on the cotton fiber transcriptome, we conducted comparative expression profiling on mechanically isolated fiber cells at three different stages encompassing e ... | 2008 | 18803775 |
| four near-isogenic lines of cotton with different genes for bacterial blight resistance. | abstract the development and genetic characterization of four near-isogenic lines (nils) of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is described herein. each line contains a single, but different, gene for resistance to bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum. the lines were derived using at least six backcrosses to the susceptible recurrent parent 'acala 44', followed by single plant-progeny row selection for uniformity. the nils are homozygous for the b(2), b(4), b(in), or b(7) g ... | 2002 | 18943887 |
| evolution of virulence in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum using serial passage assays through susceptible cotton. | fifty strains of fusarium oxysporum, recovered from rhizosphere soil around native gossypium species and found to be mildly virulent on cotton (gossypium hirsutum), were used to assay the propensity for evolution of virulence using serial passage assays through cotton. only one lineage a strain, 2613, successfully completed 10 successive passages, while all others lost the ability to cause foliar disease symptoms at various stages during this process. based on 46 amplified fragment length polymo ... | 2008 | 18944080 |
| isolation, selection, and efficacy of pochonia chlamydosporia for control of rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton. | abstract the reniform nematode, rotylenchulus reniformis, is a serious threat to cotton (gossypium hirsutum) production in the united states, causing an annual loss of about $80 million. the objective of this study was to isolate fungi from eggs of r. reniformis and select potential biocontrol agents for r. reniformis on cotton. we focused on the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia because it suppresses root-knot and cyst nematodes and because preliminary data indicated that it was present in arkansa ... | 2005 | 18944410 |
| molecular characterization and temporal expression analyses indicate that the mic (meloidogyne induced cotton) gene family represents a novel group of root-specific defense-related genes in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | the molecular events underlying the resistance of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) to the root-knot nematode (rkn) are largely unknown. in this report, we further characterize the previously identified mic3 gene including the identification of 14 related mic cdnas in nematode-infected roots of allotetraploid cotton that show >85% identity with mic3. a time-course analysis of rkn infection in resistant and susceptible cotton lines showed that maximum mic transcript accumulation occurred imme ... | 2008 | 18357465 |
| effects of refuge contamination by transgenes on bt resistance in pink bollworm (lepidoptera: gelechiidae). | refuges of non-bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., are used to delay bt resistance in pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), a pest that eats cotton seeds. contamination of refuges by bt transgenes could reduce the efficacy of this strategy. previously, three types of contamination were identified in refuges: 1) homozygous bt cotton plants, with 100% of their seeds producing the bt toxin cry1ac; 2) hemizygous bt plants with 70-80% of ... | 2008 | 18459418 |
| toxicity and characterization of cotton expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac and cry2ab2 proteins for control of lepidopteran pests. | cry1ac protoxin (the active insecticidal toxin in both bollgard and bollgard ii cotton [gossypium hirsutum l.]), and cry2ab2 toxin (the second insecticidal toxin in bollgard ii cotton) were bioassayed against five of the primary lepidopteran pests of cotton by using diet incorporation. cry1ac was the most toxic to heliothis virescens (f.) and pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), demonstrated good activity against helicoverpa zea (boddie), and had negligible toxicity against spodoptera exigua (hü ... | 2008 | 18459423 |
| outcrossed cottonseed and adventitious bt plants in arizona refuges. | outcrossing of non-bt cotton (gossypium hirsutum (l.)) in refuges by transgenic bt cultivars could reduce the efficacy of refuges for delaying resistance in seed-feeding pests. based on reports that outcrossing decreased as distance from bt cotton increased in small-scale studies, we hypothesized that increasing refuge width or distance from bt fields would reduce outcrossing. in a large-scale study in arizona, we quantified bt seed in refuges of experimental and commercial fields, comparing out ... | 2008 | 18549770 |
| parallel domestication, convergent evolution and duplicated gene recruitment in allopolyploid cotton. | a putative advantage of allopolyploidy is the possibility of differential selection of duplicated (homeologous) genes originating from two different progenitor genomes. in this note we explore this hypothesis using a high throughput, snp-specific microarray technology applied to seed trichomes (cotton) harvested from three developmental time points in wild and modern accessions of two independently domesticated cotton species, gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense. we show that homeolog expressio ... | 2008 | 18562666 |
| co-expression and preferential interaction between two calcineurin b-like proteins and a cbl-interacting protein kinase from cotton. | the cbl/cipk signaling system mediates a variety of responses to environmental stimuli in plants. in this work, we identified four cbl genes from gossypium hirsutum, two of which (designated ghcbl2 and ghcbl3) showed preferential expression in the elongating fiber cells. moreover, the expression patterns of these two cbl genes coincided with that of a putative cbl-interacting protein kinase gene (ghcipk1) that we isolated in a previous study. yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that among the four ... | 2008 | 18573665 |
| scanning electron microscopy applied to seed-borne fungi examination. | the aim of this study was to test the standard scanning electron microscopy (sem) as a potential alternative to study seed-borne fungi in seeds, by two different conditions of blotter test and water restriction treatment. in the blotter test, seeds were subjected to conditions that enabled pathogen growth and expression, whereas the water restriction method consisted in preventing seed germination during the incubation period, resulting in the artificial inoculation of fungi. in the first condit ... | 2009 | 19204924 |
| identification and expression of a new delta-12 fatty acid desaturase (fad2-4) gene in upland cotton and its functional expression in yeast and arabidopsis thaliana plants. | a cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) genomic clone encompassing a 17.9-kb dna fragment was found to contain a delta-12 fatty acid desaturase gene (designated fad2-4). the fad2-4 open reading frame has 1,155bp and is uninterrupted, encoding a conceptual fad2-4 polypeptide of 384 amino acids that has 98% identity with the cotton fad2-3 polypeptide. the fad2-4 gene has a single intron of 2,780 bp in its 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr). the 3'-flanking regions and 5'-utr introns in the fad2-4 and fad2-3 ... | 2009 | 19217793 |
| temporal analysis of cotton boll symptoms resulting from southern green stink bug feeding and transmission of a bacterial pathogen. | the southern green stink bug, nezara viridula (l.), is a significant pest of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., and is becoming an increasing challenge due to the decrease in use of broad-spectrum insecticides on the crop. the southern green stink bug can vector an opportunistic pantoea agglomerans strain (designated sc 1-r) into cotton bolls, resulting in infection. the appearance of stink bug damage varies, and pest managers cannot readily identify its source. this research reports a systematic de ... | 2009 | 19253615 |
| survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the united states for 1994. | previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the university of georgia, the beltwide cotton conference, and selected groups concerned with soybean. the society of nematologists extension committee contacted extensio ... | 1999 | 19270925 |
| comparisons of boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) pheromone traps with and without kill strips. | boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), eradication programs typically equip pheromone traps with an insecticide-impregnated kill strip. these strips are intended to kill captured insects, thereby simplifying trap servicing and reducing the loss of weevils from predation and escape. however, the effectiveness of kill strips has not been extensively evaluated. we examined the influences of kill strips on weevil captures, trap servicing, and the incidences of w ... | 2009 | 19253635 |
| can the amount of corn acreage predict fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) infestation levels in nearby cotton? | fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a major pest of corn, zea mays l., and a significant, but more sporadic, pest of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the western hemisphere. previous studies showed that the cotton infestations primarily involve a fall armyworm subpopulation known as the "corn-strain" for which corn is the preferred host plant. it was suggested that the fall armyworm infesting cotton originated in corn and spread into secondary hosts as ... | 2009 | 19253639 |
| tolerance of selected cotton lines to rotylenchulus reniformis. | the reproductive and damage potential of the reniform nematode, rotylenchulus reniformis, on five cotton breeding lines reported as tolerant to this nematode in texas were compared with two standard cotton cultivars, deltapine 50 and stoneville la 887, in a north carolina field naturally infested with r. reniformis. numbers of r. reniformis in soil were suppressed at mid-season, and cotton-lint yield was increased by preplant fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene. population densities of r. renifo ... | 2000 | 19271004 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac resistance frequency in tobacco budworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is one of the most important pests of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l, that has become resistant to a wide range of synthetic insecticides. crylac-expressing cotton has proven its effectiveness against this insect since its introduction in north america in 1996. however, the constant exposure of tobacco budworm to this protein toxin may result in the development of resistance to it. to estimate the frequency of alleles that con ... | 2009 | 19253658 |
| survivorship of helicoverpa zea and heliothis virescens on cotton plant structures expressing a bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein. | a series of tests quantified bollworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), and tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.), larval survival on plant structures of a nontransgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), 'coker 312', and two transgenic cottons expressing vip3a protein or both vip3a + crylab proteins (vipcot). vegetative and reproductive structures including terminal leaves, flower bud (square) bracts, whole debracted squares, flower petals, flower anthers, and intact capsules (bolls) were harvested f ... | 2008 | 18767734 |
| detection of suppressiveness against rotylenchulus reniformis in soil from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fields in texas and louisiana. | rotylenchulus reniformis is a major problem confronting cotton production in the central part of the cotton belt of the united states of america. in this study, the hypothesis that natural antagonists in some cases are responsible for unusually low densities of the nematode in certain fields was tested by assaying soils from 22 selected fields for the presence of transferable agents in pots containing cotton plants. in one field, soil from four different depth ranges was tested. in the first of ... | 2008 | 19259517 |
| competition of meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton following separate and concomitant inoculations. | it has been hypothesized rotylenchulus reniformis (rr) has a competitive advantage over meloidogyne incognita (mi) in the southeastern cotton production region of the united states. this study examines the reproduction and development of meloidogyne incognita (mi) and rotylenchulus reniformis (rr) in separate and concomitant infections on cotton. under greenhouse conditions, cotton seedlings were inoculated simultaneously with juveniles (j2) of m. incognita and vermiform adults of r. reniformis ... | 2003 | 19262774 |
| interaction of rotylenchulus reniformis with seedling disease pathogens of cotton. | the impact of 10 fusarium species in concomitant association with rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton seedling disease was examined under greenhouse conditions. in experiment 1, fungal treatments consisted of fusarium chlamydosporum, f. equiseti, f. lateritium, f. moniliforme, f. oxysporum, f. oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, f. proliferatum, f. semitectum, f. solani, and f. sporotrichioides; rhizoctonia solani; and thielaviopsis basicola. the experimental design was a 2 x 14 factorial consisting of ... | 2004 | 19262802 |
| suppression of rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton by the nematophagous fungus arf. | the reniform nematode, rotylenchulus reniformis linford &oliveira, has become a serious threat to cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) production in the united states during the past decade. the objective of this study is to isolate fungi from eggs of r. reniformis and select potential biological control agents for r. reniformis on cotton. soil samples were collected from cotton fields located in jefferson county, arkansas. eight genera of fungi were included in the 128 fungal isolates obtained, and a ... | 2004 | 19262806 |
| influence of poultry litter applications on nematode communities in cotton agroecosystems. | the effects of the application of poultry litter at 0.0, 6.7, 13.4, and 20.1 tons/ha on population changes during the growing season on nematode communities were evaluated in two cotton production fields in north carolina. numbers of bactivorous nematodes increased at midseason in response to the rate at which litter was applied but decreased with increasing litter application rates at cotton harvest. numbers of fungivores at cotton harvest were related positively to the rate of litter applied, ... | 2004 | 19262834 |
| induction of terpenoid synthesis in cotton roots and control of rhizoctonia solani by seed treatment with trichoderma virens. | abstract research on the mechanisms employed by the biocontrol agent trichoderma virens to suppress cotton (gossypium hirsutum) seedling disease incited by rhizoctonia solani has shown that mycoparasitism and antibiotic production are not major contributors to successful biological control. in this study, we examined the possibility that seed treatment with t. virens stimulates defense responses, as indicated by the synthesis of terpenoids in cotton roots. we also examined the role of these terp ... | 2000 | 18944616 |
| damage functions and population changes of hoplolaimus columbus on cotton and soybean. | damage functions and reproductive curves were determined for hoplolaimus columbus on cotton cv. deltapine 90 and soybean cv. gordon over 2 years in field plots in georgia. maximum potential yield suppressions of 18% on cotton and 48% on soybean were predicted with respect to increasing pi. similar functions indicated yield suppressions of 38% on cotton and 30% on soybean with respect to increasing midseason nematode densities (pm). maximum pf predicted by reproductive curves were 123 and 474/100 ... | 1993 | 19279792 |
| histological changes in gossypium hirsutum associated with reduced reproduction of rotylenchulus reniformis. | the reniform nematode (rotylenchulus reniformis) is an important parasite of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum). parasitism involves the formation of syncytia to provide nutrition for the female. events that occur at the feeding site may determine the degree of susceptibility of cotton plants to reniform nematode. the objective of this work was to describe histological modifications associated with reduced reproduction of rotylenchulus reniformis in upland cotton roots. 'deltapine 50' cotton and ... | 2005 | 19262859 |
| inoculum densities of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and meloidogyne incognita in relation to the development of fusarium wilt and the phenology of cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum). | abstract development of fusarium wilt in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) usually requires infections of plants by both meloidogyne incognita and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. in this study, the soil densities of m. incognita and f. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and the incidence of fusarium wilt in three field sites were determined in 1982-1984. multiple regression analysis of percent incidence of fusarium wilt symptoms on population densities of m. incognita and f. oxysporum f. sp. v ... | 1997 | 18945178 |
| yield response of dual-toxin bt cotton to helicoverpa zea infestations. | field cage experiments were conducted to determine the impact of bollworms, helicoverpa zea (boddie), on yields of bollgard ii and widestrike cotton, gossypium hirsutum l. one-day-old bollworm larvae were infested in white flowers of bollgard ii and in white flowers and terminals of widestrike cotton. the infestation levels included 0, 50, and 100% of white flowers for each type of cotton. terminal infestations included one or two larvae per terminal on widestrike cotton. larvae were placed in f ... | 2008 | 18950041 |
| cotton harvest at 40% versus 75% boll-splitting on yield and economic return under standard and proactive boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) spray regimes. | the standard practice of two or three preemptive insecticide applications at the start of pinhead (1-2-mm-diameter) squaring followed by threshold-triggered (when 10% of randomly selected squares have oviposition punctures) insecticide applications for boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), control does not provide reliable protection of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., lint production. this study, conducted during 2004 and 2005, showed that three to six fewer ... | 2008 | 18950042 |
| reproduction of belonolaimus longicaudatus, meloidogyne javanica, paratrichodorus minor, and pratylenchus brachyurus on pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum). | pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) has potential as a grain crop for dryland crop production in the southeastern united states. whether or not pearl millet will be compatible in rotation with cotton (gossypium hirsutum), corn (zea mays), and peanut (arachis hypogaea) will depend, in part, on its host status for important plant-parasitic nematodes of these crops. the pearl millet hybrid 'tifgrain 102' is resistant to both meloidogyne incognita race 3 and m. arenaria race 1; however, its host statu ... | 2005 | 19262863 |
| vertical distribution of rotylenchulus reniformis in cotton fields. | the possible impact of rotylenchulus reniformis below plow depth was evaluated by measuring the vertical distribution of r. reniformis and soil texture in 20 symptomatic fields on 17 farms across six states. the mean nematode population density per field, 0 to 122 cm deep, ranged from 0.4 to 63 nematodes/g soil, and in 15 fields more than half of the r. reniformis present were below 30.5 cm, which is the greatest depth usually plowed by farmers or sampled by consultants. in 11 fields measured, r ... | 2005 | 19262871 |
| rotylenchulus reniformis below plow depth suppresses cotton yield and root growth. | damage to cotton by rotylenchulus reniformis below plow depth was evaluated in a sandy clay loam soil at weslaco, texas. in december 1999, 14 holes on 51-cm centers were dug 91 cm deep along the planting bed and adjacent furrow and 2 ml of 1,3-dichloropropene was placed 91, 61, and 30 cm deep as each hole was refilled and packed. this technique eliminated 96%, 81%, and 74% of r. reniformis down to 107 cm at distances 0, 25, and 51 cm laterally from the point of application (p </= 0.05), whereas ... | 2005 | 19262875 |
| histological observations of rotylenchulus reniformis on gossypium longicalyx and interspecific cotton hybrids. | observations on the development of reniform nematode (rotylenchulus reniformis) on roots of gossypium longicalyx, g. hirsutum, and two interspecific hybrids derived from them were made by light microscopy. gossypium longicalyx is reported to be immune to reniform nematode, but the mechanism(s) for resistance are unknown. penetration of g. longicalyx roots by female nematodes was confirmed, and incipient swelling of the females, indicating initiation of maturation of the reproductive system, was ... | 2005 | 19262889 |
| expressions of three cotton genes encoding the pip proteins are regulated in root development and in response to stresses. | cotton (gossypium hirsutum), the most important textile crop worldwide, often encounters water stress such as drought or waterlog during its growth season (summer). to investigate molecular mechanism of water regulation in cotton plants, three cdnas encoding the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (pip) were isolated from cotton root cdna library, and designated ghpip1;1, ghpip2;1 and ghpip2;2, respectively. all of the three pip proteins displayed water channel activity in xenopus laevis oocytes. ... | 2009 | 18956193 |
| chemical control of hoplolaimus columbus on cotton and soybean. | seven experiments, three on soybean and four on cotton, were conducted in hoplolaimus columbus-infested soil in southern north carolina to determine the benefits of chemical soil treatment. locations were selected to give a range of initial population (pi) densities. soil fumigation with 1,3-d and soil treatment with a combination of aldicarb plus fenamiphos (1.1 kg a.i./ha) each provided good control of this nematode. yield responses considered to be significant were achieved only on the high p ... | 1990 | 19287781 |
| a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) dre-binding transcription factor gene, ghdreb, confers enhanced tolerance to drought, high salt, and freezing stresses in transgenic wheat. | a cotton (g. hirsutum l.) dehydration responsive element binding protein gene, ghdreb, which encodes a 153 amino acid protein containing a conserved ap2/erebp domain, was isolated from the cdna library of cotton cv. simian 3 by a yeast one-hybrid system. rna blot analysis showed that the ghdreb gene was induced in cotton seedlings by drought, high salt and cold stresses. an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa) indicated that the ghdreb protein bound specifically to the dre core element (a ... | 2009 | 19005655 |
| efficacy of fumigant nematicides to control hoplolaimus columbus on cotton. | four rates of methyl bromide (mbr) (16.8, 33.6, 67,2, and 134.4 kg a.i./ha) and one rate of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) (28.1 liters a.i./ha) were evaluated over 2 years for control of hoplolaimus columbus on cotton. all nematicide treatments were applied through a tarpless subsoiler-bedder prior to planting cotton, gossypium hirsutum cv. dehapine 90. nematode population densities were monitored before and after treatment, at midseason, and at harvest, and yields were measured at maturity. soil ... | 1990 | 19287786 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of endosulfan on apolygus lucorum (hemiptera: miridae). | various pesticides directly impact insect pest populations through acute toxicity (lethal) effects, but they also cause a range of indirect (sublethal) effects on pest physiology or behavior. in this study, we describe both lethal and sublethal effects of endosulfan on the survival, development, and fecundity of apolygus lucorum meyer-dür (hemiptera: miridae), an important pest of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in china. we quantify pesticide effects on adult mirids a ... | 2008 | 19133460 |
| rotylenchulus reniformis management in cotton with crop rotation. | one-year crop rotations with corn or highly resistant soybean were evaluated at four locations for their effect on rotylenchulus reniformis population levels and yield of a subsequent cotton crop. four nematicide (aldicarb) regimes were included at two of the locations, and rotation with reniform-susceptible soybean was included at the other two locations. one-year rotations to corn or resistant soybean resulted in lower r. reniformis population levels (p </= 0.05) than those found in cotton at ... | 2003 | 19265975 |
| impact of cotton production systems on management of hoplolaimus columbus. | the effectiveness of selected cultural practices in managing the columbia lance nematode, hoplolaimus columbus, on cotton was evaluated in experiments in growers' infested fields. the effects of planting date, cotton cultivar, treatment with the growth regulator mepiquat chloride, and destruction of cotton-root systems after harvest on cotton-lint yield and population densities of h. columbus were studied. the yield of cotton cultivar deltapine 50 was negatively related (p = 0.054) to initial po ... | 2003 | 19265977 |
| population dynamics of meloidogyne incognita, m. arenaria,and other nematodes and crop yields in rotations of cotton, peanut, and wheat under minimum tillage. | wheat, cotton, and peanut were arranged in three cropping sequences to determine the effects of fenamiphos (6.7 kg a.i./ha) and cropping sequence on nematode population densities and crop yields under conservation tillage and irrigation for 6 years. the cropping sequences included a wheat winter cover crop each year and summer crops of cotton every year, peanut every year, or cotton rotated every other year with peanut. the population densities of meloidogyne spp. and helicotylenchus dihystera w ... | 2000 | 19270949 |
| a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cotton in northeastern louisiana. | a survey was conducted in northeastern louisiana to determine the frequency and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cotton. in fall 1997 and 1998, more than 600 soil samples were collected from cotton fields representing 6,200 ha, which is 5.3% of the cotton production hectarage in this region. composite soil samples were collected from 10 ha in each field. nematodes were extracted by gravity screening and sucrose centrifugation, identified to genus, and quantified. nine gener ... | 2000 | 19271002 |
| effect of foliar applications of oxamyl with aldicarb for the management of rotylenchulus reniformison cotton. | the efficacy of foliar applications of oxamyl were evaluated for the management of rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in mississippi. two tests were established in tallahatchie county on a fine sandy loam soil (56.8% sand, 37.8% silt, 5.3% clay, ph 5.4, and 0.3% om) naturally infested with r. reniformis. oxamyl was applied as a foliar spray at 0.14, 0.27, or 0.53 kg a.i./ha to cotton plants that had reached the sixth true leaf growth stage. a second oxamyl application was applied 14 days after t ... | 2000 | 19271008 |
| efficacy of cotton root destruction and winter cover crops for suppression of hoplolaimus columbus. | the efficacy of rye (secale cereale) and wheat (triticum aestivum) winter cover crops and cotton stalk and root destruction (i.e., pulling them up) were evaluated in field tests during two growing seasons for hoplolaimus columbus management in cotton. the effect of removing debris from the field following root destruction also was evaluated. wheat and rye produced similar amounts of biomass, and both crops produced more biomass (p </= 0.05) following cotton root destruction. cover crops did not ... | 2000 | 19271009 |
| tolerance to rotylenchulus reniformis and resistance to meloidogyne incognita race 3 in high-yielding breeding lines of upland cotton. | field experiments in 1992 and 1994 were conducted to determine the effect of rotylenchulus reniformis, reniform nematode, on lint yield and fiber quality of 10 experimental breeding lines of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) in untreated plots or plots fumigated with 1,3-dichloropropene. controls were la. rn 1032, a germplasm line possessing some resistance to r. reniformis, and stoneville 453, a cultivar that is susceptible to reniform nematode. several breeding lines produced greater lint yields tha ... | 1997 | 19274165 |
| peanut-cotton-rye rotations and soil chemical treatment for managing nematodes and thrips. | in the southeastern united states, a cotton-peanut rotation is attractive because of the high value and extensive planting of both crops in the region. the objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of cotton-peanut rotations, rye, and soil chemical treatments on management of plant-parasitic nematodes, thrips, and soilborne fungal diseases and on crop yield. peanut-cotton-rye rotations were conducted from 1988 to 1994 on tifton loamy sand (plinthic kandiudult) infested primarily ... | 1998 | 19274213 |
| crop yields and nematode population densities in triticale-cotton and triticale-soybean rotations. | triticale cv. beagle 82, cotton cv. mcnair 235, and soybean cv. twiggs were arranged in three cropping sequences to determine the effects of fenamiphos and cropping sequence on nematode population densities and crop yields under conservation tillage for 4 years. the cropping sequences were triticale (t)-cotton (c)-t-c, t-soybean (s)-t-s, and t-c-t-s. numbers of meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles declined on trificale but increased on cotton and soybean each year. root-gall indices of c ... | 1998 | 19274228 |
| resistance to meloidogyne incognita race 3 and rotylenchulus reniformis in wild accessions of gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense from mexico. | forty-six accessions of g. hirsutum and two of g. barbadense were examined for resistance to meloidogyne incognita race 3 and rotylenchulus reniformis in environmental growth chamber experiments, with the objective of finding new sources of resistance. only the g. barbadense accessions, tx-1347 and tx-1348, supported significantly less reproduction by r. reniformis than the susceptible control, deltapine 16 (usda accession sa-1186). however, they were highly susceptible to m. incognita race 3. t ... | 1997 | 19274280 |
| meloidogyne incognita infested soil amended with chicken litter. | the effects of chicken litter on meloidogyne incognita in cotton, gossypium hirsutum cv. dpl50 were determined in field microplots. litters (manure and pine-shaving bedding) from a research facility and a commercial broiler house were used. treatments consisted of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% litter by dry weight of soil for each kind of litter. three control treatments consisted of soil not amended with litter, with and without nematodes, and one treatment to which mineral fertilizer was added at a nitr ... | 1996 | 19277155 |
| impact of soil texture on the reproductive and damage potentials of rotylenchulus reniformis and meloidogyne incognita on cotton. | the effects of soil type and initial inoculum density (pi) on the reproductive and damage potentials of meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton were evaluated in microplot experiments from 1991 to 1993. the equilibrium nematode population density for r. reniformis on cotton was much greater than that of m. incognita, indicating that cotton is a better host for r. reniformis than m. incognita. reproduction of m. incognita was greater in coarse-textured soils than in fine-text ... | 1996 | 19277171 |
| meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis and associated soil textures from some cotton production areas of texas. | the incidence of meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton was determined in 1989-92 from 1,089 soil samples collected from 31 counties that account for nearly 60% of the 2.2 million hectares planted to cotton in texas. meloidogyne incognita was commonly found in the southern high plains and brazos river valley regions of texas (57% and 34%, respectively, of samples) but was found in less than 8% of samples from the central blacklands, coastal bend, low plains, or the upper gu ... | 1993 | 19279860 |
| interrelationships of rotylenchulus reniformis with rhizoctonia solani on cotton. | the interrelationships between reniform nematode (rotylenchulus reniformis) and the cotton (gossypium hirsutum) seedling blight fungus (rhizoctonia solani) were studied using three isolates of r. solani, two populations of r. reniformis at multiple inoculum levels, and the cotton cultivars dehapine 90 (dp 90) and dehapine 41 (dp 41). colonization of cotton hypocotyl tissue by r. solani resulted in increases (p </= 0.05) in nematode population densities in soil and in eggs recovered from the root ... | 1994 | 19279918 |
| influence of rhizoctonia solani on egg hatching and infectivity of rotylenchulus reniformis. | the effects of culture filtrates of rhizoctonia solani and root exudates of r. solani-infected cotton (gossypium hirsutum) seedlings on hatching of eggs and infectivity of females of rotylenchulus reniformis were evaluated in an attempt to account for the enhanced nematode reproduction observed in the presence of this fungus. crude filtrates of r. solani cultures growing over sterile, deionized distilled water did not affect egg hatching. exudates from roots of cotton seedlings increased hatchin ... | 1994 | 19279919 |
| rotations with coastal bermudagrass, cotton, and bahiagrass for management of meloidogyne arenaria and southern blight in peanut. | the efficacy of coastal bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon) as a rotation crop for controt of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne arenaria) in 'florunner' peanut (arachis hypogoea) was evaluated in a 3-year field trial. coastal bermudagrass-peanut rotation (cbp) was compared with peanut monoculture without nematicide (p - ) and peanut monoculture with aldicarb (p + ). the performance of cbp was also compared with 'pensacola' bahiagrass (paspalum notatum)-peanut (bp), and 'deltapine 90' cotton (gossypium ... | 1994 | 19279945 |
| plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cotton in florida. | a sampling of 15% of the cotton hectarage in each florida county was assayed for nematodes and soil particle components following the 1990 harvest. the distribution of juveniles of meloidogyne spp., which were found in 61% of the 178 fields sampled statewide, was not influenced by soil type. rotylenchulus reniformis was more prevalent in the heavier soils and occurred in 15% of the sampled fields. in fields with concomitant infestations (9% of the sampled fields), densities of root-knot juvenile ... | 1994 | 19279958 |
| survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in missouri cotton fields. | during september 1990, 30 cotton fields in each of three missouri counties were surveyed for plant-parasitic nematodes. soil samples for nematode analysis consisted of a composite of 20 cores collected in a zig-zag pattern within a 1-ha block in each field. cores were taken from within weed-free cotton rows. nine genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were found (rotylenchulus, helicotylenchus, hoplolaimus, meloidogyne, paratylenchus, pratylenchus, tylenchorhynchus, heterodera, and trichodorus), an ... | 1992 | 19283062 |
| maximizing the potential of cropping systems for nematode management. | quantitative techniques were used to analyze and determine optimal potential profitability of 3-year rotations of cotton, gossypium hirsutum cv. coker 315, and soybean, glycine max cv. centennial, with increasing population densities of hoplolaimus columbus. data collected from naturally infested on-farm research plots were combined with economic information to construct a microcomputer spreadsheet analysis of the cropping system. nonlinear mathematical functions were fitted to field data to rep ... | 1991 | 19283139 |
| cotton as a rotation crop for the management of meloidogyne arenaria and sclerotium rolfsii in peanut. | the value of cotton (gossypium hirsutum cv. deltapine 90) in rotation with peanut (arachis hypogaea cv. florunner) for the management of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne arenaria) and southern blight (sclerotium rolfsii) was studied for 6 years in a field at the wiregrass substation in southeast alabama. peanut yields following either 1 or 2 years of cotton (c-p and c-c-p, respectively) were higher than those of peanut monoculture without nematicide [p(-)]. at-plant application of aldicarb to con ... | 1991 | 19283179 |
| phytoparasitic nematode surveys of arkansas cotton fields, 1986-1988. | surveys from 1986 to 1988 identified 22 phytoparasitic nematode species in arkansas cotton fields. meloidogyne spp. was found in ca. 15% of the fields sampled. of these samples ca. 33% were found to have a population density of 106/100 cm(3) of soil or more. rotylenchulus reniformis was found in high numbers (5,000 +/100 cm(3) of soil) in 1% of the fields sampled in 1988. heterodera glycines was found in ca. 22% of the samples, presumably because of past cropping to soybean. other common species ... | 1989 | 19287659 |
| response of rotylenchulus reniformis to nematicide applications on cotton. | field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of five nematicides for the management of rotylenchulus reniformis and for their effects on growth, development, and yield of cotton. treatments included 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d), fenamiphos, phorate, terbufos, aldicarb, and 1,3-d + aldicarb. average r. reniformis population densities across all treatments increased from 5,284 at 10 days after planting to a final density at harvest of 15,622 nematodes/500 cm(3) soil. the 1,3-d + aldica ... | 1990 | 19287784 |
| management of root-knot and reniform nematodes in ultra-narrow row cotton with 1,3-dichloropropene. | ultra-narrow row cotton studies were conducted during 1999 at two field sites in northern florida. one site was naturally infested with meloidogyne incognita race 3 and the other with rotylenchulus reniformis. the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) was applied broadcast at rates of 0, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, and 96 kg ai./ha in replicated plots before planting delta pine 655 brr cotton in 25-cm-wide rows. post-harvest soil population densities at the root-knot nematode site had a significant (p </ ... | 2001 | 19265894 |
| response of cotton to infection by hoplolaimus columbus. | three field experiments were established in 1987 to determine the reaction of five cotton cultivars to infection by hoplolaimus columbus and the efficacy of selected nematicides against this nematode. at two sites in calhoun county, south carolina, early season plant growth and subsequent yields were greater in plots treated with aldicarb, fenamiphos, and 1,3-dichloropropene. hoplolaimus columbus suppressed yields approximately 10% at site 1 and 25% at site 2; however, greater yield suppression ... | 1988 | 19290310 |
| phenotypic and molecular evaluation of cotton hairy roots as a model system for studying nematode resistance. | agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) hairy roots were evaluated as a model system for studying molecular cotton-nematode interactions. hairy root cultures were developed from the root-knot nematode (rkn) (meloidogyne incognita [kofoid and white] chitwood, race 3)-resistant breeding line m315 and from the reniform nematode (rn) (rotylenchulus reniformis linford & oliveira)-resistant accession gb713 (g. barbadense l.) and compared to a nematode-susceptible culture derive ... | 2009 | 19578854 |
| potential of crops uncommon to alabama for management of root-knot and soybean cyst nematodes. | vigna unguiculata, cassia fasiculata, and sesamum indicum did not support meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, or heterodera glycines race 4 in greenhouse studies with soils from peanut and soybean fields. fagopyron eseulentum, cyamopsis tetragonoloba, and cucurbita pepo were hosts to the two meloidogyne spp. but were nonhosts to h. glycines. meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita galled but reproduced poorly in the roots of three types of amaranthus cruentus, and low densities of these two meloid ... | 1988 | 19290317 |
| resistant germplasm in gossypium species and related plants to rotylenchulus reniformis. | gossypium hirsutum, g. herbaceum, g. arboreum, g. barbadense, wild gossypium spp., hibiscus spp, and other malvaceae were tested in the greenhouse to identify germplasm resistant to rotylenchulus reniformis (rr). host resistance was based on rr egg production per gram of root compared with known g. hirsutum susceptible 'deltapine 16' as check. g. longicalyx and sida rhombifolia were nonhosts. high levels of resistance were found in g. stocksii, g. somalense, and g. barbadense 'texas 110.' other ... | 1984 | 19295892 |
| influence of aphelenchus avenae on vesicular-arbuscular endomycorrhizal growth response in cotton. | the influence of aphelenchus avenae on the relationship between cotton (gossypium hirsutum 'stoneville 213') and gigaspora margarita or glomus etunicatus was assessed by its effect on the mycorrhizal stimulation of plant growth and microorganism reproduction. the mycophagous nematode usually did not suppress stimulation of shoot growth resulting from mycorrhizae (g. margarita) at inoculum levels of 3,000 or 6,000 nematodes per pot, but retarded root growth at 6,000 per pot. when the nematode ino ... | 1981 | 19300721 |
| interaction of population levels of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and meloidogyne incognita on cotton. | in autoclaved greenhouse soil without fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, meloidogyne incognita did not cause leaf or vascular discoloration of 59-day-old cotton plants. plants had root galls with as few as 50 meloidogyne larvae per plant. root galling was directly proportional to the initial nematode population level. fusarium wilt symptoms occurred without nematodes with 77,000 fungus propagules or more per gram of soil. as few as 50 meloidogyne larvae accompanying 650 fungus propagules cau ... | 1979 | 19305546 |
| effects of subsoiling and nematicides on hoplolaimus columbus populations and cotton yield. | subsoiling to a depth of 35 cm under the planting row for 3 consecutive years increased annual yields of seed cotton by 50 to 200%. annual subsoiling was essential for maximum yields. the application of a nematicide, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (dbcp) or aldicarb, reduced the population of hoplolaimus columbus but did not increase seed-cotton yields over subsoiling alone. subsoiling reduced h. columbus in the top 20 cm of soil since the treatment favored deeper penetration by much of the root sy ... | 1977 | 19305573 |
| interaction of pratylenchus brachyurus and gigaspora margarita on cotton. | an endomycorrhizal fungus, gigaspora margarita, was more effective in stimulating the growth of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) 'coker 201' at a low fertility level (1.77 gm 10-10-10 n-p-k/pot) than doubling the fertility rate for nonmycorrhizal plants. gigaspora margarita alone stimulated shoot growth (height, weight, and flower production by 96%, 553%, and 760%, respectively) and root growth (385%) over that of nonmycorrhizal controls at low fertility. plant development was also stimulated by g. m ... | 1978 | 19305806 |
| peanut-cotton rotations for the management of meloidogyne arenaria. | the efficacy of 'deltapine 90' cotton (gossypium hirsutum) in rotation with 'florunner' peanut (arachis hypogaea) for the management of meloidogyne arenaria was studied for 2 years in a field in southeastern alabama. in 1985, m. arenaria juvenile populations in plots with cotton were 98% lower than in plots with peanut. peanut and cotton yields were increased by treatment with aldicarb (3.3 kg a.i./ha in a 20-cm-band) in 1985 but not in 1986. in 1986, peanut yields were highest and m. arenaria j ... | 1987 | 19290174 |
| effect of combining soil solarization with certain nematicides on target and nontarget organisms and plant growth. | field experiments compared pesticidal and plant growth effects of soil solarization, alone and in combination, with overall applications of several nematicides. nematodes, including meloidogyne incognita j2, that were targeted for control were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by solarization, 1,3-dichloropropene (44 and 132 liter/ha), ethoprop (13.5 kg/ha), metham sodium (64 liter/ha), formaldehyde (111 liter/ha), and by solarization-nematicide combinations. control of pythium ultimum also was o ... | 1987 | 19290287 |
| seasonal population dynamics of selected plant-parasitic nematodes on four monocultured crops. | seasonal fluctuations in field populations of meloidogyne incognita, pratylenchus zeae, p. brachyurus, criconemoides ornatus, trichodorus christiei, and helicotylenchus dihystera on monocultured corn, cotton, peanut, and soybean were determined monthly for 4 yr. population densities of m. incognita were greater in corn and cotton plots than in peanut and soybean plots from july until january. those of pratylenchus spp. were greater on corn and soybean than on cotton and peanut during all months ... | 1974 | 19308120 |
| dynamics of concomitant field populations of hoplolaimus columbus and meloidogyne incognita. | from the fall of 1968 through the summer of 1973, a georgia cotton field with a lengthy history of the cotton stunt disease complex was sampled for the presence of plant parasitic nematodes. although meloidogyne incognita was recovered on all sampling dates, concomitant populations of hoplolaimus columbus were not recovered until the spring of 1970. during the succeeding four growing seasons, the population density and horizontal distribution of h. columbus increased, and h. columbus replaced m. ... | 1974 | 19308121 |
| crop rotation and herbicide effects on population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes. | the influence of herbicides and mono- and multicropping sequences on population densities of nematode species common in corn, cotton, peanut, and soybean fields in the southeastern united states was studied for 4 years. each experimental plot was sampled at monthly intervals. the application of herbicides did not significantly affect nematode population densities. meloidogyne incognita and trichodorus christiei increased rapidly on corn and cotton, but were suppressed by peanut and soybean. more ... | 1975 | 19308149 |
| effects of light intensity and quality effects on reproduction of plant-parasitic nematodes. | growing cotton in a greenhouse with 12-h of supplemental light [8,608 lux (800 ft-c) from combination of mercury and lucalux lamps] resulted in 2 x to > 3 x greater reproduction of meloidogyne incognita and belonolaimus longicaudatus as compared to natural light alone. rate of increase of hoplolaimus galeatus was affected little in this experiment. in a second experiment under controlled conditions in a phytotron, light source and intensity had greater influence on the reproduction of heterodera ... | 1975 | 19308183 |
| interactions of concomitant species of nematodes and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on cotton. | meloidogyne incognita, hoplolaintus galeatus, and north carolina and georgia populations of belonolaimus longicaudatus were introduced singly and in various combinations with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on wilt-susceptible 'rowden' cotton. of all the nematodes, the combination of the n. c. population of b. longicaudatus with fusarium promoted greatest wilt development. h. galeatus had no effect on wilt. with fusarium plus m. incognito or b. longicaudatus, high nematode levels promoted ... | 1976 | 19308201 |
| the influence of trichoderma harzianum on the root-knot fusarium wilt complex in cotton. | wilt-susceptible cultivar 'rowden' cotton was inoculated wilh meloidogyne incognita (n), trichoderma harzianum (t), and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (f) alone and in all combinations in various time sequences. plants inoculated with f alone or in combination with t did not develop wilt, simultaneous inoculation of 7-day-old seedlings with all three organisms (ntf) produced earliest wilt. however, plants receiving nematodes at 7 days and fusarium and trichoderma at 2 or 4 weeks later (n- ... | 1976 | 19308202 |
| influence of concomitant pratylenchus brachyurus and meloidogyne spp. on root penetration and population dynamics. | populations of pratylenchus brachyurus on cotton were increased significantly in the presence of either meloidogyne incognita or m. arenaria.this occurred with either simultaneous inoculation or prior invasion by m. incognita. p. brachyurus penetrated cotton roots previously invaded by, or simultaneously inoculated with, m. incognita, as well as, or better than, in the absence of m. incognita. prior invasion by m. incognita, however, suppressed p. brachyurus populations on tomato, while it had n ... | 1973 | 19319334 |
| inhibition of rotylenchulus reniformis penetration of tomato and cotton roots with foliar applications of oxamyl. | foliar applications of oxamyl (methyl n', n'-dimethyl-n-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]-l-thiooxamimidate) were applied 24 hr before transplanting seedlings to soil infested with rotylenchulus reniformis. with a single application of oxamyl, tomato seedlings required 600 ppm to significantly inhibit r. reniformis penetration. cotton seedlings, however, required a single application of 2400 ppm for significant inhibition of penetration, but only 600 ppm when two or more applications were used. | 1973 | 19319336 |
| population dynamics of plant nematodes in cultivated soil: effect of summer cover crops in newly cleared land. | five nematode species were studied for ability to develop on seven summer cover crops in rotation with tomato transplants grown every third year. increase of tylenchorhynchus claytoni, trichodorus christiei, pratylenchus brachyurus, helicotylenchus dihystera, and xiphinema americanum in newly cleared soil varied with different cover crops. no substantial nematode population increases occurred until the third summer of crop growth. all species except x. americanum and h. dihystera developed best ... | 1970 | 19322300 |
| role of nematodes and soil-borne fungi in cotton stunt. | the nematodes, pratylenchus brachyurus, trichodorus christiei, and t. porosus and the soil-borne fungi, rhizoctonia solani, pythium debaryanum, p. irregulare, p. ultimum, and fusarium spp. were the pathogens most frequently found in the roots and rhizosphere of field-grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum) showing "stunt" symptoms. field-plot application of the nematicide d-d (l,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene) at 373.4 liter/ha (40 gal/a) significantly increased plant growth and yield. a fungi ... | 1971 | 19322335 |
| interaction of rotylenchulus reniformis, soil salinity, and cotton. | rotylenchulus reni]ormis occurred equally in relatively non-saline (4.0 mmhos/cm) and highly-saline (16.5 mmhos/cm) soils in sampling transects across zones of depressed plant growth in six texas cotton fields.results from greenhouse pot experiments indicated progressive positive interaction of salinity and r. reni[ormis pathogenicity in the range 6-18 mmhos/cm. | 1971 | 19322365 |
| influence of incubation solution on the rate of recovery of pratylenchus brachyurus from cotton roots. | the rate of recovery of pratylenchus brachyurus from cotton roots was enhanced when the tissue was incubated in solutions containing 10 ppm ethoxyethyl mercuric chloride, 50 ppm dihydrostreptomycin sulfate, 50, 100, or 1,000 ppm diisobutylphenoxethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, or mixtures of these compounds. incubation in 10 or 100 ppm zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, or magnesium chloride also enhanced the rate of recovery. incubation solutions containing 1 or 1,000 ppm zinc chloride or mag ... | 1971 | 19322395 |
| ghzfp1, a novel ccch-type zinc finger protein from cotton, enhances salt stress tolerance and fungal disease resistance in transgenic tobacco by interacting with gzird21a and gzipr5. | * zinc finger proteins are a superfamily involved in many aspects of plant growth and development. however, ccch-type zinc finger proteins involved in plant stress tolerance are poorly understood. * a cdna clone designated gossypium hirsutum zinc finger protein 1 (ghzfp1), which encodes a novel ccch-type zinc finger protein, was isolated from a salt-induced cotton (g. hirsutum) cdna library using differential hybridization screening and further studied in transgenic tobacco nicotiana tabacum cv. ... | 2009 | 19402879 |
| effect of fumigation on rotylenchulus reniformis population density through subsurface drip irrigation located every other furrow. | plots naturally infested with rotylenchulus reniformis were sampled in the spring of 2006 and 2007 at depths of 15 and 30 cm in the bed, furrow over the drip tape, and "dry" furrow, and at approximately 40 to 45 cm depth in the bed and dry furrow. then, 1,3-dichloropropene (telone ec) was injected into the subsurface drip irrigation at 46 kg a.i./ha, and 3 to 4 weeks later the plots were resampled and assayed for nematodes. the transformed values for nematode population density (ivlrr) before fu ... | 2008 | 19440261 |
| frequency of alleles conferring resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry2ab in australian populations of helicoverpa punctigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from 2002 to 2006. | helicoverpa punctigera and helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) are important pests of field and horticultural crops in australia. the former is endemic to the continent, whereas the latter is also distributed in africa and asia. although h. armigera rapidly developed resistance to virtually every group of insecticide used against it, there is only one report of resistance to an insecticide in h. punctigera. in 1996 the australian cotton industry adopted ingard, which expresses ... | 2009 | 19449655 |
| molecular diagnostic for boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) based on amplification of three species-specific microsatellites. | the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), is a serious pest of cultivated cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the americas, and reinfestation of zones from which they have been eradicated is of perpetual concern. extensive arrays of pheromone traps monitor for reintroductions, but occasionally the traps collect nontarget weevils that can be misidentified by scouts. for example, the congeneric pepper weevil, anthonomus eugenii cano, and other superficially sim ... | 2009 | 19449658 |
| molecular characterization and pathogenicity of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in china. | several tomato production regions in china were surveyed for tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd), and 31 tomato leaf samples showing tylcd-like symptoms were collected. the partial or full-length genomes of these isolates were sequenced and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) was detected in shanghai, zhejiang, jiangsu shandong and hebei provinces of china. the tylcv isolates found in china share high sequence identity ([98%) and have more than 97% sequence identity with tylcvil[ il:reo] ( ... | 2009 | 19590945 |
| flower-inhabiting frankliniella thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae), pesticides, and fusarium hardlock in cotton. | cotton hardlock caused by fusarium verticillioides (sacc. nirenberg) can reduce cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., yields > 70% in the southeastern united states. the spores infect flowers on the day of pollination, resulting in hardlock, which is the failure of the fiber to fluff as the boll opens at maturity. frankliniella spp. thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) inhabiting the flowers are hypothesized to increase hardlock by spreading the conidia or by creating entranceways for the germinating fusar ... | 2009 | 19610399 |
| trichogramma (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) ecology in a tropical bt transgenic cotton cropping system: sampling to improve seasonal pest impact estimates in the ord river irrigation area, australia. | trichogramma westwood (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) cause high mortality rates in the potentially resistant pest species, helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and are considered integral to the resistance management plan for bacillus thuringiensis transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., production in the ord river irrigation area (oria), western australia. measured as percentage of parasitism, trichogramma activity seems highly variable over time; yet, it contributes sign ... | 2009 | 19610415 |
| cry2ab tolerance response of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) populations from crylac cotton planting region. | helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is an important lepidopteran pest of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in asia. transgenic cotton expressing the cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been widely planted for control of this pest. for managing the potential risk from resistance evolution in this pest, a new transgenic bt cotton containing cry1ac and cry2ab genes (gene pyramided strategy) was designed as a successor of cry1ac cotton. this article reports on levels of ... | 2009 | 19610441 |