| beliefs about aids, use of alcohol and drugs, and unprotected sex among massachusetts adolescents. | in august 1988, 1,773 massachusetts 16-19-year-olds were surveyed by telephone using anonymous random digit dialing; response rate 82 percent. logistic regression tested whether alcohol and drug use, perceived susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), severity of hiv if infected, effectiveness of condoms in preventing infection, barriers to condom use, and behavioral cues such as exposure to media or personal communication about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were independ ... | 1990 | 2305908 |
| social influences approach to smoking prevention: the effects of videotape delivery with and without same-age peer leader participation. | this study tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoking adoption among adolescents could be suppressed by providing school-based videotape instruction for resisting social influences to smoke. the utilization of same-age peer leaders was also varied to test whether their participation in the classroom would enhance program effects. seventh grade students (n = 540) from one junior high school in southern california were randomly assigned by classrooms (n = 15) to: (a) videotape instruction, (b) v ... | 1990 | 2316409 |
| a cognitive-behavioral approach to substance abuse prevention: one-year follow-up. | this study presents one-year follow-up data from an evaluation study testing the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral substance abuse prevention approach which emphasizes the teaching of social resistance skills within the larger context of an intervention designed to enhance general social and personal competence. the follow-up study involved 998 eighth graders from 10 suburban new york junior high schools. two schools were assigned to each of the following conditions (a) peer-led interventi ... | 1990 | 2316411 |
| an outcome evaluation of project model health: a middle school health promotion program. | this article reports findings from the outcome evaluation of project model health (pmh), an intensive in-school health promotion program for middle school students. promising prevention strategies identified in past research based on social influences theory were combined in pmh, targeting multiple health behaviors in the areas of nutrition, marijuana use, tobacco use, drinking and driving, and sexuality. results reported in this paper are based on an experimental group of 115 eight graders who ... | 1990 | 2318651 |
| smoked marijuana effects on tobacco cigarette smoking behavior. | the effects of marijuana smoke exposure on several measures of tobacco cigarette smoking behavior were examined. eight healthy adult male volunteers, who smoked both tobacco and marijuana cigarettes, participated in residential studies, lasting 10 to 15 days, designed to measure the effects of marijuana smoke exposure on a range of behavioral variables. tobacco cigarettes were available throughout the day (9:00 a.m. until midnight). each day was divided into a private period (9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p ... | 1990 | 2319477 |
| alcohol, aids risks and commercial sex: some preliminary results from a scottish study. | during 1988 self-report data were elicited from a study of 102 male and 103 female sex workers (prostitutes) in edinburgh. respondents were contacted by 'snowballing', mostly in licensed premises. this was reflected by high levels of self-reported alcohol and illicit drug use. respondents reported that both alcohol and illicit drug use were commonplace in relation to their work and that many of their clients were under alcohol or drug effect at the time of contact. condom use was unrelated to se ... | 1990 | 2323309 |
| cocaine and marijuana use by medical students before and during medical school. | a survey of alcohol and other drug-use patterns of 300 second- and third-year students at a mid-atlantic private medical school was undertaken in 1987. two hundred sixty-three (88%) of the medical students surveyed completed the anonymous questionnaire. tobacco use decreased from 11% before to 4% during medical school. before entry into medical school, 21% of the respondents had smoked marijuana 10 times or more, usually at least monthly, while 9% had smoked marijuana 10 times or more during med ... | 1990 | 2327847 |
| gestational and familial risk factors for childhood astrocytoma: results of a case-control study. | gestational and familial risk factors were investigated for their association with astrocytoma, the most frequently occurring brain tumor in children. a case-control study of 163 matched pairs was performed. cases under 15 years of age at diagnosis in 1980-1986 were identified through the tumor registries of 8 hospitals in pennsylvania, new jersey, and delaware. controls were selected by random digit dialing and were matched to cases for age, race, and telephone area code and exchange. maternal ... | 1990 | 2328486 |
| consumption of dependence-producing substances in colombia. | a survey examining the use of six dependence-producing substances (alcohol, tobacco, tranquilizers, marijuana, coca paste or "basuca," and cocaine) was conducted in colombia in 1987. the survey population consisted of 2,800 urban residents in four cities (barranquilla, bogotá, cali, and medellín) between the ages of 12 and 64. the results indicated that substantially more men than women were using all the substances involved except tranquilizers, that high proportions of study subjects used alco ... | 1990 | 2331553 |
| drug abuse in costa rica: a review of several studies. | this article provides a review of drug use surveys conducted by costa rica's institute on alcoholism and drug dependence during the years 1983-1987. these studies dealt with a wide range of subjects--residents of marginal neighborhoods, juvenile male and adult female detainees, and high school students--as well as with the general population. overall, the studies indicated that the most commonly used illicit drug was marijuana, that the bulk of the drug users (excluding alcohol and tobacco users ... | 1990 | 2331555 |
| prevalence of the improper use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs in the ecuadorian population. | an epidemiologic investigation was conducted in 1988 to measure prevalences of the improper use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs in the ecuadorian population. this research was based on a structured interview survey of 6,000 individuals representative of the country's entire population between the ages of 10 and 65. the relative frequency of the various common forms of consumption of these substances was also investigated. overall, the substances used by the highest percentages of study subjects a ... | 1990 | 2331556 |
| comparison of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among students and delinquents in the bahamas. | surveys of drug use were conducted among 4,767 junior and senior high school students in 1987 and 74 incarcerated delinquents in 1988 in the bahamas. it was found that the majority of both groups reported having drunk alcohol, and substantial proportions had also smoked tobacco, although over twice as many delinquents as students had smoked. however, use of illicit drugs was far more common among delinquents, at seven times the student rate for marijuana and six times their rate for cocaine. man ... | 1990 | 2331557 |
| development of a system for registry of information on drug use in mexico. | mexico's need for uniform information about drug abuse led to creation of an information collection system in 1986. this system, known as the system for registry of information on drugs (srid), currently covers the mexico city metropolitan area. plans call for it to be expanded in two phases--so as to provide coverage first of the states near the u.s. border and those with substantial tourism, and then to cover the nation as a whole. this article describes the data collection procedures used and ... | 1990 | 2331558 |
| maternal marijuana use during lactation and infant development at one year. | prenatal marijuana exposure is associated with adverse perinatal effects. very little is known about the effect of postnatal marijuana exposure on infant development. postnatal exposure can result from maternal use of marijuana during lactation. delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) transfers and concentrates in the mother's milk and is absorbed and metabolized by the nursing infant. the present study investigated the relationship between infant exposure to marijuana via the mother's milk and infan ... | 1990 | 2333069 |
| the relationship of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other illegal drug use to delinquency among mexican-american, black, and white adolescent males. | this study examined the relationship between drug use and delinquent behavior among 348 high school males (154 whites, 172 mexican-americans, and 22 blacks) and 89 adjudicated delinquent males confined to a maximum-security facility for violent and repeat offenders (37 whites, 25 mexican-americans, and 27 blacks). data were collected in the spring of 1986 using self-administered questionnaires. analyses were performed separately for each racial subgroup. simple correlations revealed that self-re ... | 1990 | 2333795 |
| tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among black adolescents: a comparison across gender, grade, and school environment. | self-report measures of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were administered to 2,748 black adolescents, grades 7 through 12. the proportion of students who had tried any of the substances increased by grade. males and females were not significantly different in their use of cigarettes and alcohol. males were more likely to have tried smokeless tobacco, smoked marijuana, and used combinations of substances. females who reported using more than one substance preferred the combination of cigarett ... | 1990 | 2341755 |
| the relationship of cocaine use to syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus infections among inner city parturient women. | to study the relationship of cocaine use to syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus infections a blinded urine and serum survey was performed among parturient women at an inner city hospital. discarded urine samples of 1206 parturient women were saved and given code numbers that were also assigned to data sheets containing nonidentifying information, including prenatal care status and syphilis serologic results. in the latter part of the study blood remaining after syphilis serologic tests wer ... | 1990 | 2386137 |
| crack users: the new aids risk group? | crack cocaine, a smokable form of cocaine hydrochloride, is now widely available in american inner cities. reports of high rates of unprotected sexual activity among crack users, coupled with reports of high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (stds), have raised fears that this population of drug users may soon be contracting and disseminating sexually transmitted hiv. in a study of 205 black adolescent crack users conducted in oakland and san francisco, california, 101 respondents (49% of t ... | 1990 | 2386974 |
| behavioral risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus infection among intravenous drug users and implications for preventive interventions. | risk behaviors for hiv infection in relation to drug and sexual activities among 262 intravenous drug users (ivdus) from methadone clinics in new york city were investigated using a structured questionnaire in 1986. the overall seroprevalence rate was 60.1 per cent. intravenous heroin and cocaine users were found to be significantly more likely to be hiv positive than those who used heroin and cocaine intranasally. among female ivdus, excluding prostitutes (defined by self-report of sex for mone ... | 1990 | 2393617 |
| drug usage and outstanding performance among young adolescents. | in this study, 1,008 ninth grade boys and 1,040 ninth grade girls completed questionnaires concerning: (a) drug usage (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, psychedelics, etc.) over the previous 6 months; and (b) outstanding performance in art, school subjects, music, leadership, performing arts, athletics, and writing. in general, the outstanding performer is rather more likely to be an abstainer and less likely to fall into the high-user category than is a nonoutstanding performer. the strongest suppor ... | 1985 | 2418641 |
| in vitro and in vivo suppressive effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on interferon production by murine spleen cells. | delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), the major psychoactive component in marijuana, has been reported to be suppressive on some immune functions. since interferons (ifns) are important immunomodulatory proteins, the effect of in vivo or in vitro administration of thc on induction of ifn by various mitogens was examined. splenocytes from normal mice in the presence of thc produced significantly less ifn when stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (pha), concanavalin a (con a), or escherichia coli lipopo ... | 1986 | 2430904 |
| effect of d-amphetamine, secobarbital, and marijuana on choice behavior: social versus nonsocial options. | the effects of oral d-amphetamine and secobarbital and smoked marijuana on human social conversation and preference for socializing were studied in three separate experiments. during experimental sessions, active drug or placebo was administered using an acute or divided dosing procedure. subjects who received drug then engaged in a discrete-trial choice procedure in which they made a series of mutually exclusive choices between a social (talking with their nondrugged partner) and nonsocial (sit ... | 1989 | 2508149 |
| mexican american and white american school dropouts' drug use, health status, and involvement in violence. | a group of mexican american and white american school dropouts were compared with a control group and a group of academically at-risk students in three locations in the southwest. the sample group consisted of school dropouts and comparison subjects in grades 6 through 12. both comparison groups were matched with the dropouts by sex, ethnicity, and school grade. at risk students also were matched by age and grade point average. dropout subjects were found to have the highest rates of alcohol and ... | 1989 | 2511592 |
| [epidemiological status of drug abuse in mexico]. | as a country that produces marijuana and opium, and as a route for cocaine traffic to the united states of america, mexico is experiencing serious social and health problems related to the trafficking, use, and abuse of these drugs and other dependency-producing substances. in 1988 a national survey of addiction was undertaken in which information was collected on the prevalence of the use of alcohol, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, opium, heroin, narcotic analgesics, seda ... | 1989 | 2532902 |
| [consumption of dependency-producing substances in colombia]. | in 1987 a study was made of the consumption of dependency-producing substances in the urban population of colombia. for this purpose the prevalence survey method was applied to a representative sample of 2,800 individuals between the ages of 12 and 64. the descriptive analysis was supplemented by the exploration of causal associations and measurement of the strength of such associations by means of the prevalence ratio coupled with calculation of the degree of statistical significance. the study ... | 1989 | 2532903 |
| [drug abuse in costa rica. review of various studies]. | this article provides a review of drug use surveys conducted by costa rica's institute on alcoholism and drug abuse during the years 1983-1987. these studies dealt with a wide range of subjects--residents of marginal neighborhoods, juvenile male and adult female detainees, and high school students--as well as with the general population. overall, these studies indicated that the most commonly used illicit drug was marijuana, that the bulk of the drug users (excluding alcohol and tobacco users) w ... | 1989 | 2532905 |
| [prevalence of the improper use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs in the ecuadorian population]. | an epidemiological investigation was conducted in 1988 to measure prevalence of the improper use of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs in the ecuadorian population. this research was based on a structured survey of 185 questions that was carried out on a probabilistic random sample of 6,000 individuals representative of the country's entire population between the ages of 10 and 65. the relative frequency of the various common forms of consumption of these substances was also investigated. the h ... | 1989 | 2532906 |
| [comparison of the abuse of alcohol, tobacco and drugs between students and delinquents in the bahamas]. | surveys of drug use were conducted among 4,767 junior and senior high school students in 1987 and 74 incarcerated delinquents in 1988 in the bahamas. it was found that the majority of both groups reported having drunk alcohol, and substantial proportions had also smoked tobacco, although over twice as many delinquents as students had smoked. however, use of illicit drugs was far more common among delinquents, at seven times the student rate for marijuana and six times for cocaine. many social an ... | 1989 | 2532907 |
| [development of a drug information registry system in mexico]. | mexico's need for uniform information about drug abuse led to the creation of an information collection system in 1986. this system, known as the system for registry of information on drugs (srid), currently covers the mexico city metropolitan area; plans call for it to be expanded in two phases--so as to provide coverage first of the states near the us border and those with substantial tourism, and then to cover the nation as a whole. this article describes the data collection procedures used a ... | 1989 | 2532908 |
| delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a novel treatment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | since multiple sclerosis (ms) is believed to be an immune-mediated disease, it follows that its therapies should be directed towards modulating the immune system. current ms treatments, which include the use of exogenous steroids that are immunosuppressive, do not meet therapeutic objectives. delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), an active component of marijuana, has been shown to be immunosuppressive. to test thc's ability to suppress an immune-mediated disease, experimental autoimmune encephalom ... | 1989 | 2542370 |
| psychoactive cannabinoids reduce gastrointestinal propulsion and motility in rodents. | marijuana has been reported to be an effective antinauseant and antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. whether this is due to psychological changes, central antiemetic properties and/or direct effects on gastrointestinal (gi) function is not known. the purpose of these investigations was to determine whether the major constituents of marijuana and the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone have any effects on gi function which can be detected in rodent models of gi transit and motility. i ... | 1989 | 2542532 |
| delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol content and human marijuana self-administration. | the role of marijuana delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) content in controlling marijuana smoking behavior was examined in ten regular marijuana smokers. each subject was allowed to self-administer marijuana of low, medium or high thc content freely over a 30-min period. each potency of marijuana was color coded, and subjects smoked each potency on five separate occasions to provide the opportunity for them to learn from prior exposures the relative potencies of each marijuana type. total intake ... | 1989 | 2543018 |
| the inhibitory effects of cannabinoids, the active constituents of cannabis sativa l. on human and rabbit platelet aggregation. | olivetol, cannabigerol (cbg), cannabidiol (cbd), cannabinol (cbn) and tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 1-thc) were assessed for their ability to inhibit agonist-induced platelet aggregation and [14c]5-ht release. with the exception of olivetol, (40% maximal effectiveness), none of the compounds inhibited tetradecanoylphorbolacetate (tpa)-induced aggregation of human or rabbit platelets. all of these cannabinoids partially inhibited primary aggregation and totally inhibited secondary aggregation of hu ... | 1989 | 2575149 |
| effects of chronic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) administration on neurotransmitter concentrations and receptor binding in the rat brain. | thc is the major psychoactive constituent of marijuana and is also known as an hallucinogenic compound. numerous reports have shown that large doses of thc produce significant alterations in various neurotransmitter systems. the present study was designed to determine whether chronic exposure to thc produces significant alterations in selected neurotransmitter systems (dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, gabaergic, benzodiazepine, and opiate) in the rat brain. in experiment 1, male sprague-dawle ... | 1989 | 2576303 |
| allergic inhalant dermatitis attributable to marijuana exposure in a dog. | exposure to marijuana was believed to be responsible for clinical signs consistent with allergic inhalant dermatitis in a dog. the dog had facial and pedal pruritus associated with bilateral ocular discharge. clinical signs resolved when the dog was kenneled, but returned when the dog was returned to its home. the results of intradermal skin testing, using a standard tray of 51 inhalant extracts, did not adequately account for the dog's clinical signs. later, the owners indicated that previous r ... | 1989 | 2599943 |
| marijuana, aging, and task difficulty effects on pilot performance. | this study provides evidence that diverse factors can cumulatively contribute to human/machine performance decrements. in separate sessions, young and old pilots smoked one of three cigarettes containing either 0 mg, 10 mg, or 20 mg of the active ingredient, delta 9 thc. they flew a calm and a turbulent flight in a light aircraft simulator at 1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hour (h) delay after smoking. effects were found at 1 and 4 h after smoking in the turbulent flight conditions when 20 mg cigarettes we ... | 1989 | 2604668 |
| an in-depth analysis of male adolescent smokeless tobacco users: interviews with users and their fathers. | male adolescent smokeless tobacco (st) users (n = 191) were extensively interviewed, then followed over a 6-month period with monthly telephone interviews. in addition, their fathers (n = 137) were interviewed by telephone. based on these data, st use appears similar to cigarette smoking with respect to onset, patterns of use, social influences, attempts to quit, and indications of addiction. onset and continued use of st largely occur in a social context. parents are reportedly aware (73%) of t ... | 1989 | 2614822 |
| the effect of marijuana smoke exposure on murine sarcoma 180 survival in fisher rats. | fisher rats were treated for 28 or 60 days to multiple exposures to the smoke of marijuana or marijuana placebo cigarettes. primary, secondary and in some instances tertiary tumor implants were performed. murine sarcoma 180 tumor cells (7.5 x 10(7)) were implanted subcutaneously on day 1, 14 and 28 following initiation of smoke exposure (28 day studies) or on day 1, 14 after cessation of smoke exposure (60 day studies). tumor areas were measured on alternate days beginning on the second or third ... | 1989 | 2621317 |
| relative sensitivity and specificity of salivary and serum cotinine in identifying tobacco-smoking status of self-reported nonsmokers and smokers of tobacco and/or marijuana. | serum and salivary cotinine levels were measured in 327 smoking and nonsmoking participants in a study of the health effects of marijuana with and without tobacco. these individuals had no reason to misrepresent their current tobacco-smoking status. the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values positive and negative of the cotinine levels in distinguishing self-reported current tobacco smokers from nonsmokers was high (88-100%) and essentially the same for both fluids. agreement between se ... | 1989 | 2644896 |
| abuse of drugs used to enhance athletic performance. | the ergogenic potential of drugs used by athletes to enhance performance is reviewed, and areas of involvement for pharmacists interested in the problem of drug abuse in athletics are described. athletes use drugs for therapeutic and recreational purposes, as supposed ergogenic aids, and to mask the presence of other drugs during testing. because many athletes train for competition and not for health, they may view the risk-to-benefit ratio of ergogenic drugs as favorable and may begin using the ... | 1989 | 2683762 |
| particle size distribution of mainstream tobacco and marijuana smoke. analysis using the electrical aerosol analyzer. | accurate measurement of cigarette smoke particle size distribution is important for estimation of lung deposition. most prior investigators have reported a mass median diameter (mmd) in the size range of 0.3 to 0.5 micron, with a small geometric standard deviation (gsd), indicating few ultrafine (less than 0.1 micron) particles. a few studies, however, have suggested the presence of ultrafine particles by reporting a smaller count median diameter (cmd). part of this disparity may be due tot he i ... | 1989 | 2751166 |
| dimensions of assertiveness: differential relationships to substance use in early adolescence. | we tested a multidimensional formulation of assertiveness and substance (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) use in 3 metropolitan-area school samples of adolescents aged 12-14 years. three studies (n = 675, n = 1,430, and n = 5,545) included inner-city and surburban settings and included white, black, and hispanic students. factor analysis of versions of the gambrill-richey assertion inventory indicated five independent dimensions of assertive behavior. multiple regression analysis indicated that ... | 1989 | 2768605 |
| acute effects of marijuana smoke on complex operant behavior in rhesus monkeys. | the acute behavioral effects of marijuana smoke were assessed in rhesus monkeys using a battery of food-reinforced complex operant tasks that included incremental repeated acquisition (ira, n = 9), conditioned position responding (cpr, n = 8), progressive ratio (pr, n = 8), delayed matching to sample (dmts, n = 6), and temporal response differentiation responding (trd, n = 3). marijuana or placebo smoke was delivered by a specialized face mask 15-min before sessions at exposure levels of 1, 5, 1 ... | 1989 | 2770412 |
| purification and characterization of a mouse liver cytochrome p-450 induced by cannabidiol. | a cytochrome p-450 isozyme (mr = 51,600) was purified to apparent homogeneity from hepatic microsomes of mice pretreated with cannabidiol (cbd), a major constituent of marijuana. the isozyme exhibited high pentoxyresorufin o-dealkylase, hexobarbital hydroxylase, and 16 alpha- and 16 beta-testosterone hydroxylase activities and formed a fe+2-metyrapone complex, properties characteristic of the major hepatic cytochrome p-450s previously purified from phenobarbital (pb)-pretreated animals. in addit ... | 1989 | 2779523 |
| chronic marijuana (mj) smoking and urinary cortisol (uc) excretion in the monkey. | | 1989 | 2780586 |
| epidemiology of smokeless tobacco use: a national study. | the prevalence and patterns of smokeless tobacco use and its correlates were assessed in the national institute on drug abuse national household survey of residents 12 years of age and older. overall, 11% of the general population have "ever tried" chewing tobacco, snuff, or other smokeless tobacco. of these, 5% were former users and 3% used smokeless tobacco almost daily in the past year. rates of its use differed significantly by sex, age group, race, region, and metropolitan area size. althou ... | 1989 | 2785648 |
| use of smokeless tobacco among male adolescents: concurrent and prospective relationships. | the concurrent and prospective correlates of the use of smokeless tobacco among 846 adolescent males were examined. there were 6- and 12-month follow-ups to the initial questionnaire. substantial levels of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were reported, with 21% reporting use of more than one drug in the last week. daily smokeless tobacco users were more likely to initiate use of cigarettes, marijuana, and alcohol than were other males. in addition, the "having used" smokeless tobacco variabl ... | 1989 | 2785651 |
| the relationship of mmpi and sensation seeking scales to adolescent drug use. | this study examined the relationship of minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (mmpi) measures, including the macandrew alcoholism (mac) scale, and the sensation seeking scales (sss) to adolescents' drug use across nine drug categories. subjects were 51 male and 72 female high school students between the ages of 14 and 18 (mean age = 16 years, 5 months). the drug use/abuse measure consisted of adolescents' self-reports on the segal (1973) alcohol-drug use research survey. drug categories in ... | 1989 | 2786070 |
| substance use among eighth-grade students who take care of themselves after school. | this investigation focused on substance use among children who regularly care for themselves after school (latchkey children). the data, collected from 4932 eighth-grade students, indicated that self-care is an important risk factor for alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. data collected from 2185 parents validated these findings. eighth-grade students, who took care of themselves for 11 or more hours a week, were at twice the risk of substance use as those who did not take care of themselves at ... | 1989 | 2788869 |
| drug use among sydney teenagers in 1985 and 1986. | to investigate adolescent drug use behaviour, a random community sample of sydney teenagers aged 14 to 19 years was interviewed at home in 1985 (n = 996) and again in 1986 (n = 756). respondents were asked about current use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, other illicit drugs, medications and inhalants. drug use was common: 16 per cent of respondents were heavy drinkers, 28 per cent smoked tobacco, 10 per cent used marijuana and 4 per cent used drugs other than alcohol, tobacco or marijuana. seve ... | 1989 | 2789122 |
| generic tobacco use among four ethnic groups in a school age population. | the prevalence of overall or "generic" tobacco use among hispanic, white, black and asian youths in grades four, seven, ten and twelve was compared in san diego, california (n = 4980). significant differences in generic tobacco use between ethnic groups were found in the 4th, 10th and 12th grades, but were greatest in the 10th grade. only white youths demonstrated a sharp increase in regular tobacco use (once a month or more) between 7th and 10th grade. overall, the prevalence of regular use was ... | 1989 | 2795393 |
| plasma distribution of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) in the rhesus monkey after marijuana smoke exposure. | | 1987 | 2819893 |
| fetal disposition of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) during late pregnancy in the rhesus monkey. | three late-term (gestational days 146-151) rhesus monkeys were given 0.3 mg/kg delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) intravenously via the maternal radial vein to quantify the placental transfer and fetal disposition of thc, the major psychoactive component of marijuana. simultaneous blood samples were obtained from a maternal uterine vein and an intraplacental artery at 0, 3, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after dosing using an intraplacental cannulation technique. samples of fetal plasma, s ... | 1987 | 2820086 |
| immunomodulation by morphine and marijuana. | the immunomodulatory effects of morphine and the active components of marijuana, particularly tetrahydrocannabinol, on various aspects of the host immune parameters include alterations in humoral, cell-mediated and innate immunity. most studies have shown immunosuppressive effects due to use of these abused substances, although there are reports that they may not produce any deleterious effect and may even enhance some aspects of host immunity. they reduce resistance to cancer growth and microbi ... | 1987 | 2824957 |
| morphometric studies of the rat hippocampus following chronic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc). | persistent behavioral effects resembling those of hippocampal brain lesions have been reported following chronic administration of marijuana or its major psychoactive constituent, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) to rats. we used morphometric techniques to investigate the effects of chronic thc on the anatomical integrity of the hippocampus. rats dosed orally for 90 days with 10 to 60 mg/kg thc or vehicle were evaluated by light and electron microscopy up to 7 months after their last dose of d ... | 1987 | 2825925 |
| effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, phenobarbital, and their combination on pregnancy and offspring in rats. | delta 9-thc, sodium phenobarbital, or a combination of these drugs, were administered to pregnant mice on gestation days 6 to parturition. levels of delta 9-thc in blood approximated levels attained in humans after smoking one to two marijuana cigarettes. blood cannabinoid levels in mice were not significantly elevated by concurrent drug administration. both drugs significantly reduced litter size and weight per pup at birth, but the combination of these drugs did not affect these outcomes to a ... | 1987 | 2827333 |
| comments on the apa position statement on psychoactive substance abuse and dependence: update on marijuana and cocaine. | | 1988 | 2829634 |
| the effect of subacute marijuana smoke inhalation on experimentally induced dermonecrosis by s. aureus infection. | dermonecrosis was induced in icr mice by subcutaneous implantation of staphylococcus aureus absorbed onto sterile cotton pellets. this model was used to assess the effects of marijuana smoke, marijuana placebo smoke and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-thc) on the local immune response to bacterial infection. mice were exposed to 40 or 80 "puffs" of marijuana smoke, marijuana placebo smoke or air daily for 4 consecutive days. the estimated dose of delta 9thc per day generated from 40 or 80 ... | 1987 | 2830328 |
| acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rhesus monkeys as measured by performance in a battery of complex operant tests. | acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) were assessed using a battery of food-reinforced complex operant tasks that included responding under delayed matching to sample (dmts, n = 6), conditioned position response (cpr, n = 8) progressive ratio (pr, n = 8), temporal response differentiation (trd, n = 3) and incremental repeated acquisition (ira, n = 9) tasks. thc (0.003-0.3 mg/kg i.v.) given 15-min presession produced dose-dependent decreases in the number of reinforcers obtained in ... | 1988 | 2834536 |
| clonidine partially blocks the physiologic effects but not the subjective effects produced by smoking marijuana in male human subjects. | clonidine, an alpha 2-agonist, was studied in three male human subjects in a multi-dose pilot study in combination with smoking marijuana cigarettes. marijuana alone caused increases in responses on subjective effect questionnaires and increased heart rate. pretreatment with single oral doses of clonidine three hours prior to marijuana induced no changes in subjective effects prior to smoking marijuana and did not diminish the subjective effects produced by marijuana. clonidine did substantially ... | 1988 | 2834758 |
| drugs of abuse and virus susceptibility. | it is widely recognized that various microorganisms including viruses have immunomodulatory effects and, under appropriate circumstances, may markedly suppress the immune response mechanisms. cannabinoids present in marijuana also have immunomodulatory effects. in the present studies thc as well as its metabolic product 11-oh thc were studied in regard to their effects in vivo and in vitro on selected parameters of the immune response system known to be important in antiviral resistance, includi ... | 1988 | 2840802 |
| suppression by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol of interleukin 2-induced lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. | the major psychoactive marijuana component, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), suppressed proliferation of murine spleen cells stimulated with recombinant human interleukin 2 (il-2) and also suppressed the appearance of the lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cell phenomenon in il-2-treated spleen cell preparations. cell function was depressed in a dose-dependent manner with as little as 2.5 micrograms/ml thc (8 microm). in addition, spleen cells previously stimulated in culture with il-2 and the ... | 1988 | 2844686 |
| facilitation of brain stimulation reward by delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol. | the present experiment explored whether delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-thc), the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, shares with other drugs of abuse the ability to facilitate brain stimulation reward acutely, as measured by electrical intracranial self-stimulation (icss). laboratory rats were implanted with stimulation electrodes in the medial forebrain bundle, and trained to stable performance on a self-titrating threshold icss paradigm. delta 9-thc, at a dose believed pharmacological ... | 1988 | 2852376 |
| the effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on potassium-evoked release of dopamine in the rat caudate nucleus: an in vivo electrochemical and in vivo microdialysis study. | the effect of systemically administered delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, on the potassium-evoked release of dopamine (da) was examined in the neostriatum of the chloral hydrate anesthetized rat. both in vivo electrochemical and in vivo microdialysis techniques were employed. a low dose of thc (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the time course of potassium-evoked in vivo electrochemical signals corresponding to released extracellular da. in vivo microdialysis ... | 1988 | 2855215 |
| effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, chlordiazepoxide (librium), and their combination on pregnancy and offspring in mice [correction of rats]. | delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (librium) or a combination of these drugs, were administered to pregnant mice on gestation days 6 to parturition. levels of thc in blood were dose-related and approximated levels attained in humans after smoking one to two marijuana cigarettes. blood cannabinoid levels in mice were elevated by concurrent administration of chlordiazepoxide. maternal weight gain was significantly reduced by thc but not by chlordiazepoxide. neither ... | 1987 | 2856545 |
| agreement between laboratory tests and self-reports of alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, marijuana and other drug use in post-partum women. | the agreement between self-reported consumption of several drugs and laboratory tests used to detect their use is examined. post-partum women (n = 108) enrolled in a research study participated in a detailed interview covering alcohol and caffeine ingestion, tobacco smoking and use of marijuana and other psychoactive drugs. they also kept a 4-day record of their use of these substances. blood and urine samples were taken and a physical exam done at the close of the record period. laboratory test ... | 1986 | 2869585 |
| pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol in dogs. | cannabidiol (cbd) is one of the major nonpsychoactive cannabinoids produced by cannabis sativa l. recent studies have shown that cbd has a high protective index, comparable to that of phenobarbital and phenytoin. because cbd has been reported to possess both anticonvulsant and antiepileptic activity, its pharmacokinetics were studied in dogs after the administration of two iv doses (45 and 90 mg) and one oral dose (180 mg) to dogs. after iv administration, cbd was rapidly distributed, followed b ... | 1988 | 2900742 |
| pharmacokinetics of the dimethylheptyl homolog of cannabidiol in dogs. | cannabidiol (cbd) is one of the major nonpsychoactive cannabinoids produced by cannabis sativa l. recent studies have shown that a dimethylheptyl homolog (dmh) of cbd is more active as an anticonvulsant than is the naturally occurring cbd. in considering dmh as a potential antiepileptic agent, its pharmacokinetics was studied in dogs (n = 8) after both iv (20 mg) and oral (80 mg) administration. after iv administration, dmh was rapidly distributed. dmh has a mean terminal half-life of 2 hr, its ... | 1988 | 2907468 |
| effects of the cannabinoids on physical properties of brain membranes and phospholipid vesicles: fluorescence studies. | the effects of four cannabinoids on the physical properties of brain synaptic plasma membranes (spm), lipid extracts of spm and phospholipid vesicles were evaluated using fluorescence probes. in vitro, the psychoactive cannabinoids, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-thc) and 11-hydroxyl-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-oh-delta 9-thc) at concentrations of 1 and 3 microm decreased polarization of the fluorescence emission of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (dph) in spm. at the same concentratio ... | 1985 | 2983062 |
| marijuana use does not spuriously elevate serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels. | marijuana use has been reported to spuriously elevate immunoreactive human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) in the serum of patients with testicular germ cell tumors. to reinvestigate this finding, we measured serum hcg and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-thc) levels in 16 men known or suspected to be marijuana users. eight of the serum samples had measurable levels of delta 9-thc, while eight did not. none contained immunoreactive hcg. the addition of delta 9-thc directly to pooled male serum ... | 1985 | 2990078 |
| the effects of marijuana on human physical aggression. | thirty male undergraduates received intense provocation following their ingestion of one of three doses of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc). the subjects in the low-dose condition tended to respond in a more aggressive manner than the subjects in the moderate-and high-dose conditions. the subjects in the high-dose condition behaved in a relatively nonaggressive manner throughout the experimental session. | 1985 | 3003332 |
| marijuana's effects on human cognitive functions, psychomotor functions, and personality. | marijuana is complex chemically and not yet fully understood, but it is not a narcotic. like alcohol, marijuana acts as both stimulant and depressant, but it lingers in body organs longer than alcohol. smoking marijuana can injure mucosal tissue and may have more carcinogenic potential than tobacco. research has indicated that marijuana intoxication definitely hinders attention, long-term memory storage, and psychomotor skills involved in driving a car or flying a plane. expectations and past ex ... | 1986 | 3009708 |
| gc/ms and emit analyses for delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol metabolites in plasma and urine of human subjects. | ten male subjects smoked placebo marijuana cigarettes spiked with delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) at 150 micrograms/kg body weight. plasma and urine samples were collected for 22 hr after smoking. total cross-reacting cannabinoids were measured by immunoassay (emit) and thc and major metabolites were identified and quantitated by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (gc/ms) procedures. in plasma, thc concentration provided the best indication of recent (less than 6 hr) smoking. in enzyme-hy ... | 1986 | 3009969 |
| plasma delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in pregnant sheep and fetus after inhalation of smoke from a marijuana cigarette. | seven pregnant ewes were prepared with open-ended tracheal t tubes and with catheters in maternal femoral artery and in central circulation of fetus. several days postoperatively, at 129-132 days gestation, ewes inhaled smoke from one marijuana cigarette containing 3.19% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-thc). smoke was produced continuously in a hand-held chamber and delivered to the protruding arm of the tracheal tube. samples of maternal and fetal blood were taken during the 8-10 minute s ... | 1985 | 3011026 |
| confirmation of syva enzyme multiple immunoassay technique (emit) d.a.u. and roche abuscreen radioimmunoassay (ria) (125i) urine cannabinoid immunoassays by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (gc/ms) and bonded-phase adsorption/thin-layer chromatographic (bpa-tlc) methods. | thirty human urines screened positive by the syva enzyme multiple immunoassay technique (emit) d.a.u. urine cannabinoid assay were also positive for the major marijuana urinary metabolite 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (thc-cooh) when assayed by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (gc/ms) and a noninstrumental qualitative bonded-phase adsorption/thin-layer chromatographic (bpa-tlc) technique. the noninstrumental bpa-tlc procedure was the simpler of the two techniques to ... | 1986 | 3011956 |
| acute effects of smoking marijuana on hormones, subjective effects and performance in male human subjects. | four healthy male subjects smoked two marijuana cigarettes or one marijuana cigarette and one placebo cigarette, or two placebo cigarettes on separate days in a random order crossover design. each marijuana cigarette contained 2.8% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc). plasma hormones and thc were measured before and after each smoking session. plasma lh was significantly depressed and cortisol was significantly elevated after smoking marijuana. nonsignificant depressions of prolactin, fsh, testos ... | 1986 | 3016764 |
| effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on glucagon receptor coupling to adenylate cyclase in rat liver plasma membranes. | delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-thc), the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis sativa, was found to increase glucagon activation of liver plasma membrane adenylate cyclase. in the presence of 30 microm delta 9-thc, the ec50 for glucagon was decreased by 60% from 7.6nm to 3.1 nm. 11-oh-delta 9-thc, a psychoactive metabolite of delta 9-thc, also increased glucagon activation of adenylate cyclase while two cannabinoids without marihuana-like psychoactive potency, cannabinol and cannab ... | 1986 | 3017362 |
| induction of luteinizing hormone release by electrochemical stimulation of the medial preoptic area in delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-blocked proestrous rats. | the predominant psychoactive constituent of marijuana, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), blocks the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (lh) surge and ovulation in rats treated with thc (10 mg/kg body weight) during the early afternoon of proestrus. when thc-blocked proestrous rats were subjected to unilateral electrochemical stimulation (100 microa anodal dc for 45 s) in the medial preoptic area (mpoa), serum lh was significantly elevated at 30, 60 and 90 min after stimulation in comparison with ... | 1986 | 3018608 |
| the effects of marijuana smoke on gas exchange in ovine pregnancy. | the effects of marijuana smoke on maternal respiratory rate and gas exchange were examined in nine chronically instrumented, late gestation ewes carrying singletons. the magnitude of exposure was randomly varied producing peak plasma levels of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-thc) ranging from 0 to 161 ng/ml. delta-9-thc levels, respiratory rate and arterial blood gas tensions were monitored before and for two hours after inhalational exposure. when compared to placebo, marijuana smoke prod ... | 1987 | 3022763 |
| marijuana effects on immunity: suppression of human natural killer cell activity of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. | delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), the major psychoactive component of marijuana, was tested for its ability to modulate human natural killer (nk) cell function. thc was toxic for peripheral blood lymphocytes at 20 micrograms/ml but not at 10 micrograms/ml or less. this component of marijuana also was inhibitory for nk activity against k562, a human tumor cell line at concentrations down to 5 micrograms/ml when pre-incubated with the effector cells. suppression of nk function was dependent upon ... | 1986 | 3023245 |
| delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol differentially affects sensory-evoked potentials in the rat dentate gyrus. | the effects of low doses of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) on auditory-evoked potentials recorded from the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus were assessed during performance of an auditory two-tone discrimination task. conditioned behavior was disrupted up to 2 hr after i.p. injections of delta 9-thc at 1.0 to 2.0 mg/kg: responses to the rewarded stimulus decreased significantly and latency to respond increased significantly. concurrent recordings indicated th ... | 1986 | 3025423 |
| effects of delta 9-thc, the principal psychoactive component of marijuana, during pregnancy in the rhesus monkey. | the effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), the principal psychoactive component in marijuana, was studied in pregnant and lactating rhesus monkeys. thc (2.5 mg/kg/d) or vehicle was administered during different periods of gestation, and effects on pregnancy outcome and hormone concentrations during pregnancy were studied. the most obvious effects were observed with administration early in pregnancy; three of five pregnancies aborted within days after the drug injections began, and one pre ... | 1986 | 3025441 |
| effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the in vitro uptake of alpha-amino isobutyric acid by term human placental slices. | tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), the active component in marijuana smoke, crosses the placenta and is a potential fetotoxic agent. in both human and animal studies, the most consistent fetal effect of thc is intrauterine growth retardation. since fetal somatic growth is dependent on placental transfer of nutrients, including essential amino acids, we studied the effect of thc upon the in vitro uptake of amino acid by term human placental slices. uptake of alpha-amino isobutyric acid was inhibited in ... | 1987 | 3025804 |
| cannabinoids induce incomplete maturation of cultured human leukemia cells. | monocyte maturation markers were induced in cultured human myeloblastic ml-2 leukemia cells after treatment for 1-6 days with 0.03-30 microm delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), the major psychoactive component of marijuana. after a 2-day or longer treatment, 2- to 5-fold increases were found in the percentages of cells exhibiting reactivity with either the murine okm1 monoclonal antibody or the leu-m5 monoclonal antibody, staining positively for nonspecific esterase activity, and displaying a pr ... | 1987 | 3037549 |
| possible mediation of catecholaminergic pathways in the antinociceptive effect of an extract of cannabis sativa l. | an extract of cannabis (5 and 15 mg/kg expressed as delta 9-thc) orally administered to rats caused an elevation of the nociceptive threshold (tail-flick latency and vocalization tests). naloxone and naltrexone (blockers of mu-type opiate receptors) as well as mr 1452 (blocker of kappa opiate receptors) did not prevent the antinociceptive effect of cannabis when used at the dose of 2 mg/kg sc; only a high dose (10 mg/kg sc) of these narcotic antagonists partially blocked cannabis antinociception ... | 1986 | 3088644 |
| respiratory effects of non-tobacco cigarettes. | data from the tucson epidemiological study of airways obstructive disease on smoking of non-tobacco cigarettes such as marijuana were analysed to determine the effect of such smoking on respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. among adults aged under 40, 14% had smoked non-tobacco cigarettes at some time and 9% were current users. the prevalence of respiratory symptoms was increased in smokers of non-tobacco cigarettes. after tobacco smoking had been controlled for men who smoked non-tobacco ... | 1987 | 3122882 |
| drug use and illnesses among eighth grade students in rural schools. | we examined the relationship between drug use by young adolescents and two indicators of illness, frequency of illness and numbers of days absent from school owing to illness. data were from a general health survey of all eighth grade students enrolled in public schools in two rural maryland counties. a total of 745 students completed a self-administered questionnaire during school hours in january 1984. information was obtained on a variety of sociodemographic characteristics and on the student ... | 1988 | 3136498 |
| human drug taking under controlled laboratory conditions. | the data presented point to the importance of studying drug effects under the conditions in which those drugs are taken outside of the laboratory. interactions between the reinforcing and other direct effects of these drugs, as well as their interactions with ongoing environmental events, can only be evaluated under such conditions. tolerance to cocaine's effects which can lead to a potential for increased toxicity, the regularity of both cocaine and marijuana self-administration under both stab ... | 1988 | 3147383 |
| analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of constituents of cannabis sativa l. | two extracts of cannabis sativa herb, one being cannabinoid-free (ethanol) and the other containing the cannabinoids (petroleum), were shown to inhibit pbq-induced writhing in mouse when given orally and also to antagonize tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (tpa)-induced erythema of mouse skin when applied topically. with the exception of cannabinol (cbn) and delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 1-thc), the cannabinoids and olivetol (their biosynthetic precursor) demonstrated activity in the pbq test e ... | 1988 | 3169967 |
| prevalence of alcohol and drug use among north carolina public school students. | during spring 1987, north carolina conducted a drug prevalence survey on a randomly selected, stratified cluster sample of 10,259 seventh-12th grade students enrolled in public schools. the survey assisted in development of new drug prevention programs funded by the drug-free schools act of 1986. results indicated alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana were the most commonly used drugs; males and whites were more frequent users than females and blacks; and almost 20% of 11th and 12th grade students rep ... | 1988 | 3172724 |
| effects of smoked marijuana on human social behavior in small groups. | six adult male research volunteers, in two groups of three subjects each, lived continuously in a residential laboratory for seven consecutive days. subjects' behaviors, including social interaction and coaction, were continuously recorded. during the first part of the day (0945-1700), subjects remained in their private rooms doing work activities. during the remainder of the day (1700-2345), they had the option to socialize with the other subjects. four cigarettes containing active marijuana (2 ... | 1988 | 3174786 |
| patterns of substance use on a college campus: a 14-year comparison study. | in 1972, a drug incidence survey was conducted at a private southern university. pooled results of this random survey of 1,032 students revealed that on at least one occasion, 90% of the students had tried alcohol, 70% had used tobacco, and 61% had experimented with marijuana. use of amphetamines (38%), hallucinogens (28%), barbiturates (19%), and cocaine (10%) was much lower. to evaluate the apparent change in trends of drug usage, a follow-up study was undertaken in 1986 at the same school. th ... | 1988 | 3177340 |
| ovine placental perfusion balance: effect of marijuana smoke. | this study was designed to test the hypothesis that maternal marijuana smoking impairs placental oxygen transfer in late ovine pregnancy by disrupting perfusion balance between the maternal and fetal placental circulations. placental hemodynamics were assessed in nine chronically prepared ewes 1 hour after exposure to smoke from either a marijuana (n = 5) or a placebo (n = 4) cigarette. when compared with placebo smoke, maternal marijuana smoke exposure resulted in a fall in both uterine and umb ... | 1988 | 3207120 |
| carboxy- and oxyhemoglobin in pregnant ewe and fetus after inhalation of marijuana, marijuana placebo and tobacco cigarette smoke. | we measured carboxyhemoglobin (hbco) and oxyhemoglobin (hbo2) percent saturations and blood gases in four near-term pregnant ewes and their fetuses, during and for 6 hours after 9-12 minutes of smoke inhalation from one high-potency marijuana cigarette (m), a marijuana placebo cigarette (p), and a reference tobacco cigarette (t). maternal hbco reached maximum levels at or soon after the exposure (m, 2.8%; p, 3.5%; t, 6.3% above baseline) and fell to baseline values by 6 hours. fetal hbco rose sl ... | 1988 | 3210899 |
| smokeless tobacco use among ninth graders in a north-central metropolitan population: cross-sectional and prospective associations with age, gender, race, family structure, and other drug use. | smokeless tobacco use was analyzed in relation to demographic factors and to past and current use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana in 4,249 ninth graders in the twin cities metropolitan area. smokeless tobacco use was found to be more common among males, particularly whites; among whites relative to blacks; among adolescents from one-parent households; and among those who reported current or prior use of cigarettes, alcohol, or marijuana. smokeless tobacco use was also very common among the na ... | 1988 | 3217377 |
| decreased serum cotinine levels in smokers of both tobacco and marijuana as compared with smokers of tobacco only. | serum and salivary cotinine levels were determined in tobacco smokers (n = 125) who smoked only tobacco (n = 47) or who smoked both marijuana and tobacco (n = 78) as part of a field study of the pulmonary effects of heavy, habitual use of marijuana alone or with tobacco. after adjustment for current daily amount of tobacco use and time since the last tobacco cigarette was smoked, the smokers of both marijuana and tobacco were found to have lower levels of cotinine than those who smoked only toba ... | 1988 | 3227038 |
| affective and social influences approaches to the prevention of multiple substance abuse among seventh grade students: results from project smart. | two drug abuse prevention curricula were tested to determine their efficacy in preventing the onset of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents. the first program focused on prevention through social pressure resistance training. the second featured affective education approaches to prevention. curricula were tested on seventh grade students. subjects were pretested just prior to the program and were post-tested at 12 and 24 months. post-test analyses indicated that the social progr ... | 1988 | 3262219 |
| cannabis 1988. old drug, new dangers. the potency question. | observation of the real world of social marijuana use, where autotitration is the norm, renders the scare tactics of the new marijuana proponents not only inaccurate but irrelevant. there is much published evidence about the availability of highly potent varieties of cannabis from the nineteenth century through the present day. the effects attributed to the new marijuana are the same ones debated for centuries in many different cultures. the assertion that "all marijuana research to date has bee ... | 1988 | 3292744 |
| fatal aspergillosis associated with smoking contaminated marijuana, in a marrow transplant recipient. | a 34-year-old man presented with pulmonary aspergillosis on the 75th day after marrow transplant for chronic myelogenous leukemia. the patient had smoked marijuana heavily for several weeks prior to admission. cultures of the marijuana revealed aspergillus fumigatus with morphology and growth characteristics identical to the organism grown from open lung biopsy specimen. despite aggressive antifungal therapy, the patient died with disseminated disease. physicians should be aware of this potentia ... | 1988 | 3293934 |
| alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use among youth: an overview of epidemiological, program and policy trends. | | 1987 | 3298166 |