| electron microscopy of adhesive interactions between gardnerella vaginalis and vaginal epithelial cells, mccoy cells and human red blood cells. | exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells with attached bacteria, termed 'clue cells', which were procured from a patient with non-specific vaginitis, were stained with ruthenium red and examined by transmission electron microscopy. the attached bacteria appeared to adhere by means of an outer fibrillar coat. an epithelial tissue culture cell line (mccoy) and human red blood cells to which strains of gardnerella vaginalis attached were similarly examined. the adherence of g. vaginalis to the epithelia ... | 1989 | 2576032 |
| [vulvo-cervico-vaginal infections caused by common (non-herpetic) germs]. | the three main types of infections affecting the lower genital tract are due to: gardnerella, gonococcus and chlamydia. the author's text and tables summarize the epidemiology and the management of such infections. | 1989 | 2587904 |
| [chlamydia trachomatis in at-risk groups in legal abortion in the first trimester]. | examination for the presence of c. trachomatis in the cervix and urethra and bacteriological examination of the cervix were performed in a material of 224 patients for legal abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. chlamydia was demonstrated in 8.9% of the patients, neisseria gonorrhoeae in 0.5% and, in 41%, growth of gardnerella vaginalis predominated. it proved possible to define a group at risk for the presence of chlamydia consisting of all the patients under the age of 25 years and nul ... | 1989 | 2595844 |
| prevalence of non-specific vaginitis and correlation with isolation of gardnerella vaginalis in italian outpatients. | among all subjects attending a center for prevention of female genital tract cancer gardnerella vaginalis was isolated from 57 out of 171 women affected by non-specific vaginitis (nsv), from 15 of 703 non-nsv vaginitis patients and from 10 of 338 healthy adults. postmenopausal women showed an increased rate of asymptomatic carriage of g. vaginalis. the data suggest a relatively weak association between clinical diagnosis of nsv and isolation of g. vaginalis. | 1989 | 2606183 |
| prevalence of common infective agents of vaginitis. | a total of 100 women with vaginitis and 50 age matched healthy women were studied for common infective agents of vaginitis. the vaginal secretions collected from these women were examined for trichomonas vaginalis, g. vaginalis, and candida species. the prevalence of infective agents in the patients was t. vaginalis 11 per cent. candida species 30 per cent and gardnerella vaginalis 31 per cent. in contrast, in the control group the prevalence was candida species 14 per cent and g. vaginalis 22 p ... | 1989 | 2614050 |
| investigation and treatment of vaginal discharge and pruritus vulvae. | the causes of vaginal discharge for pruritus vulvae in a patient are considered in three categories: common causes like vaginal candidosis, trichomonal vaginitis, gardnerella vaginitis; less common causes like gonococcal infection, chlamydia infection and t-mycoplasma infection; and uncommon causes which include allergy to nylon underwear, human papilloma infection and eczema. the clinical features of each and a suggested treatment regime are given. | 1989 | 2617301 |
| [examination of young women with recurrent symptoms of cystitis]. | fifty women with recurrent symptoms of cystitis (urgent onset of painful and frequent voiding) were extensively examined bacteriologically. all were submitted to intravenous urography, cystoscopy, gynaecological and urodynamic examination and the urine was examined cytologically and by culture. a control group of 10 healthy women were submitted to the same bacteriologic examinations. only in a few cases did the investigations give an explanation of the condition but, generally, the examination p ... | 1989 | 2645733 |
| evaluation and management of vaginitis. an update for primary care practitioners. | there are three major causes of vaginitis symptoms that primary care practitioners should be able to diagnose and treat expertly. recent investigations have shown that bacterial vaginosis, the most common cause of vaginitis symptoms in patients not seen in sexually transmitted disease clinics, has a multifactorial etiology: gardnerella vaginalis is universally present but is not, per se, the etiologic agent. diagnosis and treatment are based, therefore, on evidence of a disturbed bacterial ecolo ... | 1989 | 2645843 |
| roxithromycin. a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy. | roxithromycin is an acid-stable orally administered antibacterial macrolide structurally related to erythromycin. it has an in vitro antibacterial profile similar to that of erythromycin, with activity against staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, s. pyogenes, branhamella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, chlamydia trachomatis, gardnerella vaginalis, haemophilus ducreyi, some anaerobes and other less common pathogens. roxithromycin has a pharm ... | 1989 | 2651088 |
| differentiation of gardnerella vaginalis, candida albicans, and trichomonas vaginalis infections of the vagina. | this study evaluated the positive predictive values of factors associated with gardnerella vaginalis, candida albicans, and trichomonas vaginalis for diagnosing vaginitis in a community-based population. one hundred ninety-six women with and without vaginal complaints were evaluated for historical factors, physical examination findings, and office laboratory results that were potentially associated with each of the three vaginal organisms. extensive microbiological tests were performed to detect ... | 1989 | 2656903 |
| chlamydiazyme test for rapid detection of chlamydia trachomatis. | endocervical (120) and endourethral (104) swabs collected from patients attending the gynaecological opd and std clinic of a hospital, in north india were subjected to the chlamydiazyme test to detect c. trachomatis antigen. this antigen was detected in 25 per cent (30 of 120) of cervical and 20.19 per cent (21 of 104) of urethral specimens. of the 51 antigen positive cases, 30 (58.8%) presented with the clinical picture of cervicitis, 11 (21.5%) with urethritis, 6 (11.7%) were cases of primary ... | 1989 | 2661422 |
| clue cells in bacterial vaginosis: immunofluorescent identification of the adherent gram-negative bacteria as gardnerella vaginalis. | clue cells are epithelial cells covered by adherent gram-negative rods, observed in vaginal smears from women with bacterial vaginosis. immunofluorescence studies were used to identify the gram-negative bacteria adhering to clue cells. specific antisera to four common gram-negative vaginal bacteria (gardnerella, bacteroides, fusobacterium, and mobiluncus) were prepared by long-term, multiple, small-inoculum immunization of rabbits. cross-reactivity with heterologous common vaginal bacteria was r ... | 1989 | 2668431 |
| interstitial cystitis and the urethral syndrome: a possible answer. | a study was made of 20 patients fulfilling the criteria customarily used for the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. a possible infective aetiology was sought by culture of bladder tissue, catheter and midstream specimens of urine, and urethral swabs by methods capable of detecting fastidious bacteria as well as aerobic pathogens. all bladder biopsies showed the histological appearances usually associated with interstitial cystitis, and bacteria were isolated from the catheter specimens and/or b ... | 1989 | 2670041 |
| bacterial vaginosis: etiology, association with preterm labor, diagnosis, and management. | bacterial vaginosis is a polymicrobial condition (anaerobes, gardnerella vaginalis) that is associated with symptomatic vaginal discharge. bacterial vaginosis can be reliably diagnosed through clinical indicators such as clue cells on wet preparation of vaginal discharge, an increased ph of vaginal discharge, a fishy, amine odor emitted when a sample of vaginal discharge is placed in potassium hydroxide, and cultures that isolate g. vaginalis. the vaginal discharge is often heavy and foul smelli ... | 1989 | 2670411 |
| [a microbiology clinic in outpatient gynecologic service]. | the authors report on their experiences gained at the sexually transmitted disease clinic they established at the first department of obstetrics and gynecology of semmelweis medical university. a total of 456 patients presenting with signs and symptoms of lower genital tract infection have been examined in one year. the investigation of patients included aerobic and anaerobic culture of vaginal bacteria, vaginal smear and the identification of sexually transmitted chlamydia trachomatis, neisseri ... | 1989 | 2671855 |
| bacterial vaginosis--an ecologic mystery. | | 1989 | 2672930 |
| humoral circulatory immune response to gardnerella vaginalis. | strain-specific circulating immunoglobulin g and/or m was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence test by using formol-treated suspensions of gardnerella vaginalis from 28 women with overt vaginitis but only three symptom-free subjects among 43 otherwise healthy women found to be colonized by g. vaginalis. analogous but less stringent strain specificity patterns were elicited by immunization of balb/c mice. | 1989 | 2674203 |
| should male consorts of women with bacterial vaginosis be treated? | nitroimidazoles have been shown to be the drugs of choice to treat women with bacterial vaginosis, but the recurrence rate is high. some workers have suggested that the recurrence of symptoms may in fact be reinfection by male consorts, but no controlled studies have been undertaken to confirm this. in an international, multicentre, randomised, double blind trial, the recurrence rate was studied in 241 women with a clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. all women were treated with 2 g metron ... | 1989 | 2680896 |
| the clinical significance of the genital microbiologic flora at vacuum aspiration following miscarriage. | 85 women undergoing vacuum aspiration following miscarriage were studied. at the time of vacuum aspiration, immunofluorescent stainings for detection of c. trachomatis proved positive in 5.9% of the patients. group b streptococci were isolated in 7.5%, coliforms in 3.5%, and gardnerella vaginalis in 51% of the patients. the overall frequency of postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) was 3.5%, whereas 40% of chlamydia-positive women contracted postabortal pid (p less than 0.05). no signifi ... | 1989 | 2686341 |
| [gardnerella vaginalis: role of a microorganism emerging as a vaginopathic agent and its placement in the vaginal microbial ecosystem]. | in this review the role of an emergent pathogen, gardnerella vaginalis (g. vaginalis), as aetiologic agent of the so called "non specific vaginitis" is systematically evaluated. the microorganism is described in its morphological, biochemical and virulence aspects in the framework of the complex vaginal ecosystem. the diagnostic criteria of the disease as well as a possible association of g. vaginalis with other vaginal bacteria, especially anaerobes, in the aetiology of the disease, are discuss ... | 1989 | 2686505 |
| a new look at the diagnosis of infection of the urinary tract and its adjacent structures. | the criterion enunciated by kass for interpreting the quantitative examination of urine is critically reappraised. the role of organisms other than those of the aerobic bowel flora, especially fastidious organisms, in urinary tract infections is discussed in detail. clinical microbiologists are urged to pay more attention to the bacteriological examination of urine and to play a greater part in the diagnosis and treatment of infections of the urinary tract and its adjacent structures. | 1989 | 2689521 |
| bacterial vaginosis. | bacterial vaginosis is a common, non-inflammatory infection of the vagina. it is characterised by the presence of a thin, homogenous, greyish-white discharge. the differential diagnosis includes infection with trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans. a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis may be made by the detection of three of the following: characteristic discharge, ph of 5 or greater, clue cells and a positive koh amine test. culture of vaginal discharge is not necessary to effect a diagnosis ... | 1989 | 2694618 |
| biotypes of gardnerella vaginalis isolated from non-specific vaginitis patients in bombay. | the incidence and prevalent biotypes of g. vaginalis in patients with non-specific vaginitis from bombay, was studied. of 300 patients screened, 105 were diagnosed to have nonspecific vaginitis (nsv). g. vaginalis was isolated from 71 per cent patients with nsv; 34.6 and 29.3 per cent g. vaginalis were belonging to biotypes 5 and 1 respectively. in 55 per cent patient, g. vaginalis was associated with anaerobes. none of the isolated strains of g. vaginalis was sensitive to 5 micrograms metronida ... | 1989 | 2695461 |
| association of chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma hominis with intrauterine growth retardation and preterm delivery. the john hopkins study of cervicitis and adverse pregnancy outcome. | the authors conducted a prospective study of risk factors for intrauterine growth retardation (birth weight less than a standard (race- and sex-adjusted) 10th percentile for gestational age) and preterm birth (birth prior to 37 weeks gestation) in a high-risk, inner-city, obstetric population, with special interest in pathogens colonizing the maternal genital tract. a total of 801 women within 22 to 30 weeks of gestation were enrolled and interviewed. subjects were cultured for gardnerella vagin ... | 1989 | 2729260 |
| differentiation of some species of neisseriaceae and other bacterial groups by dna-dna hybridization. | dna-dna hybridization using total genomic dna probes may represent a way of differentiating between miscellaneous bacterial species. this was studied with type and reference strains of 20 species in moraxella, kingella, and other selected gram-negative groups. both radioactive and biotin labelling were employed. most of the species examined were easily distinguished, such as moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, m.(b.) ovis, m. atlantae, m. phenylpyruvica, m. osloensis, neisseria elongata, n. men ... | 1989 | 2730785 |
| [genital infections in adolescence]. | in 126 patients with relapsing cervicitis or abnormal cytologic findings, aged 13-19 years (12.5% were virgins), the most frequently bacteria were ureaplasma urealyticum (30.2%), mycoplasma hominis, and gardnerella vaginalis (14.3%), and chlamydia trachomatis (9.5%). in patients with abnormal cytologic findings, ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated most frequently--5 times in group iiia after papanicolaou and 4 times in group iiib, followed by mycoplasma hominis 3 times in group iiia and iiib eac ... | 1989 | 2739437 |
| diagnostic procedures in vaginitis. | ninety-seven vaginitis patients underwent a standardized direct method of examination. bacterial vaginosis was found in 38.1%, candida albicans in 24.7% and trichomonas vaginalis in 13.4%. low secretional ph values were never met in bacterial vaginosis and t. vaginalis cases. a fishy odor, present in bacterial vaginosis, was also found in almost half of the t. vaginalis cases. endocervical bacteriological cultures are probably insufficient with respect to the detection of c. albicans and gardner ... | 1989 | 2759324 |
| comparison of the in vitro activities of fenticonazole, other imidazoles, metronidazole, and tetracycline against organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis and skin infections. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of the antifungal compound fenticonazole was compared with those of clotrimazole, miconazole, tetracycline, and metronidazole against 177 strains of bacterial species associated with either bacterial vaginosis (bv) or skin infections by agar dilution mic determinations. bv-associated bacteroides isolates of the bacteroides melaninogenicus-b. oralis group, gardnerella vaginalis, mobiluncus spp., and anaerobic, gram-positive cocci were highly susceptible to fent ... | 1989 | 2764547 |
| evidence relating bacterial vaginosis to intraamniotic infection. | we performed a two-part study to determine relationships of bacterial vaginosis and intraamniotic infection. in the first part of the study, we determined whether bacterial vaginosis organisms (gardnerella vaginalis, mycoplasma hominis, and anaerobes) were associated with each other in the amniotic fluid of 408 cases of intraamniotic infection. in the second part, we determined the association of bacterial vaginosis itself with intraamniotic infection in 125 cases at high risk for intraamniotic ... | 1989 | 2782365 |
| early postpartum endometritis: the role of bacteria, genital mycoplasmas, and chlamydia trachomatis. | to characterize the flora of early postpartum endometritis and the clinical features of women with specific organisms, endometrial cultures for facultative and anaerobic bacteria, genital mycoplasmas, and chlamydia trachomatis were taken with a triple-lumen sampling device. more than one organism was recovered from 80% of the women. over 60% of the women had gardnerella vaginalis and/or anaerobes associated with bacterial vaginosis isolated from the endometrium; these women were more likely to h ... | 1989 | 2783262 |
| gardnerella vaginalis in infections of the urinary tract. | during a period of 6 months, urine from 3576 patients was cultured for gardnerella vaginalis. specimens from 32 patients yielded this species. eleven (0.3%) of the isolates were judged to be of clinical importance. seven were from women and four from men. two of these patients, both women, suffered from spontaneous cystitis. hence g. vaginalis is very unusual as a primary pathogen in the urinary tract. more often it may cause infections related to urological abnormalities or as a complication of ... | 1989 | 2783715 |
| quality control standards for the proline aminopeptidase assay used to detect bacterial vaginosis. | we describe the preparation and usage of positive and negative quality control standards for the proline aminopeptidase assay of vaginal secretions as an indicator of bacterial vaginosis. | 1989 | 2784630 |
| evaluation of the enhanced rapid identification method for gardnerella vaginalis. | the enhanced rapid identification method (rim; austin biological laboratories), a micromethod for the identification of gardnerella vaginalis, is based on starch and raffinose fermentation and hippurate hydrolysis. we tested 105 clinical isolates of g. vaginalis with both the rim and standard biochemical tests. the rim agreed with the standard biochemical methods for 96 (91.4%) of the strains; nine isolates which were hippurate hydrolysis positive by standard biochemical tests were hippurate hyd ... | 1989 | 2785533 |
| the cytologist and bacterioses of the vaginal-ectocervical area. clues, commas and confusion. | to evaluate the role of the cytologist in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, the predominant bacterial patterns seen in 157 papanicolaou-stained cervical smears were assessed and classified as large bacillus, anaerobic or scanty. a large bacillus pattern was found in 73 smears (46%), an anaerobic pattern in 77 (49%) and scanty bacteria in 7 (5%). comma-shaped (curved) bacilli were found in 34 smears. the prevalence of clue cells in smears with anaerobic patterns was 73%. gardnerella vaginalis ... | 1989 | 2786305 |
| gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis in cu t 200 users. | vaginal samples obtained from intrauterine contraceptive device (iud) users with and without vaginitis and from healthy non-users were studied for presence of g. vaginalis and cytological changes. vaginitis was present in 29.5 per cent iud users and most of them (76%) yielded g. vaginalis. g. vaginalis was also recovered from asymptomatic iud users and from non-users, but heavy colonisation was infrequent. the presence of clue cells and many small gram negative bacilli and scanty lactobacilli we ... | 1989 | 2786846 |
| gardnerella vaginalis bacteremia from pulmonary abscess in a male alcohol abuser. | a case of gardnerella vaginalis bacteremia is reported. this bacteremia occurred in a male alcohol abuser who developed definite signs of pulmonary abscess and empyema. streptococcus milleri grew from another blood culture, but gardnerella vaginalis was also isolated from a bronchoscopic aspirate and pleural drainage sample as part of mixed flora containing anaerobes, streptococcus species, neisseria sicca, and a haemophilus sp. we discuss the possible pathogenic character of g. vaginalis outsid ... | 1989 | 2787333 |
| gardnerella vaginalis has a gram-positive cell-wall ultrastructure and lacks classical cell-wall lipopolysaccharide. | gardnerella vaginalis has a very thin cell wall with a characteristic gram-negative staining pattern and an apparent lamellar structure when viewed at an oblique angle by electronmicroscopy. examination at right angles to the cell-wall plane and by freeze-etching showed absence of an outer membrane or any other lamellar structure. cell-wall extracts made by methods specific for lipopolysaccharide (lps) gave negative reactions by silver staining and for endotoxin in the limulus amoebocyte lysate ... | 1989 | 2787405 |
| subclinical intra-amniotic infection with gardnerella vaginalis associated with preterm delivery. case report. | | 1989 | 2787667 |
| chemotaxis inhibition by gardnerella vaginalis and succinate producing vaginal anaerobes: composition of vaginal discharge associated with g vaginalis. | the influence of six succinate producing vaginal anaerobes and gardnerella vaginalis on the chemotactic activity of granulocytes was studied by the under agarose method. g vaginalis, mobiluncus species, and three gram negative anaerobes elicited hardly any response, but peptostreptococcus productus showed clear positive chemotaxis, as did the escherichia coli strain used as a control. inhibition of the chemotactic response of white blood cells was found with all strains, but the high succinate p ... | 1989 | 2787775 |
| [contraception and gardnerella vaginalis. first study of the italian population]. | the association between contraception and gardnerella vaginalis was studied in the population of l'aquila. this research was conducted in the cytocolposcopic center of the obstetrics and gynaecology clinic, and the department of biotechnology and biometry at l'aquila university on 1212 females. of the examined patients, 178 (14.7%) employed a prophylactic method and of these 104 (58.4%) used barrier-systems, while 74 (41.6%) used estroprogestins. gardnerella vaginalis was isolated in 63 females ... | 1989 | 2787899 |
| diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis. | | 1989 | 2794881 |
| vaginitis and pregnancy. | vaginitis in pregnant women can affect the outcome of the pregnancy through preterm labor, premature rupture of the membranes, chorioamnionitis, neonatal infection and postpartum endometritis. women can be screened for group b streptococci, and infection in the newborn can be prevented by the institution of antibiotic therapy in labor. screening pregnant women for bacterial vaginitis can reduce the risk of premature rupture of the membranes, premature labor and neonatal infection. | 1989 | 2795573 |
| the value of routine cervical cultures before transcervical chorionic villus sampling. | in 226 women requesting chorionic villus sampling (cvs), routine cervical cultures were obtained before the procedure. transcervical cvs was performed irrespective of the test results. the prevalence of potential pathogens in cervical cultures at our institution is low. beta haemolytic streptococcus was cultured in 3 per cent of the women. no pathogenic microorganisms were isolated in 64 per cent of the women. there was no relationship between culture results and the outcome of pregnancy. these ... | 1989 | 2798342 |
| sexually transmitted pathogens in pregnant women in a rural south african community. | one hundred and ninety three consecutive pregnant women attending peripheral antenatal clinics attached to ngwelezana hospital, empangeni, kwa-zulu, were examined for evidence of sexually transmitted pathogens. the following incidences were found: trichomonas vaginalis 49.2% (95), candida spp 38.3% (74), chlamydia trachomatis 11.4% (22), gardnerella vaginalis 6.2% (12), neisseria gonorrhoeae 5.7% (11), positive syphilis serology results 11.9% (23), hepatitis b surface antigen 4.1% (eight). no wo ... | 1989 | 2807289 |
| importance of gardnerella vaginalis as an aetiological agent in bacterial vaginosis. | | 1989 | 2807292 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of meropenem on clinical isolates from the united kingdom. | mics of meropenem were determined for a wide range of common bacteria of clinical importance. for enterobacteriaceae, aeromonas spp., haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, gardnerella vaginalis, campylobacter coli/jejuni, beta-haemolytic streptococci and anaerobes other than clostridium difficile, mics were almost always within the range 0.002-0.5 mg/l. the activity of meropenem for these organisms was always greater than that of imipenem and piperacillin, and w ... | 1989 | 2808214 |
| gardnerella vaginalis as a urinary pathogen. | | 1989 | 2809241 |
| cervical mosaic and an integrated pathophysiological approach to early cervical neoplasia. | the increasing concern for the early detection and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) set up the basis for this study, which also considers some epidemiological factors which seem to be related to the genesis of an abnormal uterine cervical colposcopic pattern, the mosaic pattern. we have observed that women with a mosaic pattern show an increasing frequency of premalignant and/or malignant histologic changes up to 40 years of age which then falls abruptly. sterility and hirsu ... | 1987 | 2824702 |
| [diagnosis of flat condylomas of the uterine cervix: problems with associated infections and differential diagnosis]. | | 1987 | 2829756 |
| controlled evaluation of trypticase soy broth with and without gelatin and yeast extract in the detection of bacteremia and fungemia. | the addition of gelatin to blood culture media has been suggested to prevent the inhibition of neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, gardnerella vaginalis, and peptostreptococcus anaerobius that is caused by sodium polyanetholsulfonate. to determine the effect of such supplementation on the overall yield of microorganisms, we compared the yield and speed of detection of clinically important microorganisms from 5422 paired 10-ml samples of blood cultured in trypticase soy broth (tsb) con ... | 1987 | 2831009 |
| [in vitro effect of nonoxynol-9 on herpes virus 1 and 2 and on other sexually transmitted micro-organisms]. | | 1988 | 2854228 |
| streptococci as urinary pathogens. | in a 2-month prospective study of streptococci isolated from urine specimens in the laboratory, 242 strains of catalase-negative gram-positive cocci or coccobacilli were isolated in substantial numbers from 11,725 specimens. these comprised 10% of the important isolates. species identification of all isolates was undertaken. 74 (30%) of the isolates were of species other than streptococcus faecalis and s agalactiae. 79 (33%) were not detected on cysteine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar after ... | 1986 | 2875237 |
| pili on gardnerella vaginalis studied by electronmicroscopy. | fourteen recently isolated strains and two laboratory strains of gardnerella vaginalis were examined by electronmicroscopy for the presence of pili. all strains isolated recently from both men and women were heavily pilated. in contrast only a few pili were seen on organisms of the two laboratory strains, with many of the organisms having no pili. the importance of multiple subculture in this loss was supported by the observation that the degree of pilation of one freshly isolated strain decreas ... | 1987 | 2884322 |
| effect of low-dose oral contraceptives on natural killer cell activity. | several reports indicate an association between oral contraceptives and increased infection rates. one mechanism that could explain this increased infection rate is a decrease in immune function. a study comparing t cell subsets showed no differences in numbers between oral contraceptive users and controls. in this study, natural killer cell activity was compared in women before and 3 and 6 months after oral contraceptive use. there was a statistically significant decrease in nk cell activity af ... | 1989 | 2910646 |
| prevalence of hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacillus species in normal women and women with bacterial vaginosis. | a predominance of lactobacillus species in the vaginal flora is considered normal. in women with bacterial vaginosis, the prevalence and concentrations of intravaginal gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobes are increased, whereas the prevalence of intravaginal lactobacillus species is decreased. because some lactobacilli are known to produce hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), which can be toxic to organisms that produce little or no h2o2-scavenging enzymes (e.g., catalase), we postulated that an absence of ... | 1989 | 2915019 |
| [malodorous leukorrhea caused by gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis. biochemical study of vaginal secretions]. | | 1985 | 2932731 |
| the comparative in-vitro activity of pefloxacin. | the in-vitro antibacterial activities of pefloxacin, other 4-quinolones and representative beta-lactams and aminoglycosides were assessed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics). pefloxacin (mics mostly 0.03-2 mg/l) was highly active against enterobacteriaceae. gentamicin had slightly lower activity, and ceftazidime and norfloxacin similar activities to pefloxacin whereas ciprofloxacin was more active. pefloxacin (mics 0.03-2 mg/l) was active against acinetobacter but again ... | 1986 | 2940213 |
| salpingitis; aspects of diagnosis and etiology: a 4-year study from a swedish capital hospital. | 359 patients underwent laparoscopy to verify the diagnosis of salpingitis. pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) was found in 187 (52%) cases. laparoscopy revealed normal conditions in 136 (37%) cases. other diseases were diagnosed in 36 (10%) cases. bacteriological cultures from the fimbrial lumen were positive in 24% of the pid cases. chlamydia trachomatis (ct) was detected in 12%, bacteroides species (bs) in 5%, actinomyces israelii (ai) in 3%, gardnerella vaginalis (gv) in 2%, neisseria gonorrho ... | 1987 | 2951285 |
| [culture and identification of gardnerella vaginalis]. | | 1988 | 2969298 |
| trospectomycin, a novel spectinomycin analogue: antibacterial activity and preliminary human pharmacokinetics. | trospectomycin (tsp; u-63366f) is a novel spectinomycin (sp) analogue with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. the in vitro activity of the analogue was compared to that of sp against approximately 400 bacterial isolates. the in vivo activity of the compound was assessed using experimental infection models for both gram-positive and gram-negative facultative bacteria. the preliminary human pharmacokinetics of tsp were evaluated following single-dose i.v. or i.m. administration. tsp was more a ... | 1988 | 2975212 |
| the association of sexually transmitted diseases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a case-control study. | thirty-three women with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (grades i to iii, with one case of microinvasive carcinoma) and 54 women without evidence of the disease were prospectively studied to determine the relationship of genital infection to cervical neoplasia. demographic and sexual data for patients and control subjects were collected, with standardized clinical and colposcopic evaluation by means of predefined diagnostic categories. cultures from the cervix were ex ... | 1985 | 2982264 |
| use of a sodium polyanetholesulfonate disk for the identification of gardnerella vaginalis. | several methods have been previously suggested for the presumptive identification of gardnerella vaginalis in clinical laboratories, but none is entirely satisfactory. we previously found that sodium polyanetholesulfonate (sps) inhibits g. vaginalis in blood culture media. we compared susceptibility to an sps-containing paper disk with beta-hemolysis on human blood agar, hippurate hydrolysis, and inhibition by alpha-hemolytic streptococci for identification of 62 previously confirmed g. vaginali ... | 1985 | 2982910 |
| effect of sodium polyanetholesulfonate and gelatin on the recovery of gardnerella vaginalis from blood culture media. | sodium polyanetholesulfonate (sps) is used as a routine supplement to blood culture media to enhance recovery of microorganisms, but it inhibits the growth of peptostreptococcus anaerobius, neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and streptobacillus moniliformis. comparative clinical blood culture studies at the university of colorado hospital suggested that sps also inhibits the growth of gardnerella vaginalis. we inoculated 16 blood culture isolates of g. vaginalis into 11 blood culture ... | 1985 | 2987298 |
| sodium polyanethol sulphonate discs to identify gardnerella vaginalis. | | 1985 | 2991122 |
| sodium polyanetholesulfonate in the identification of gardnerella vaginalis. | | 1985 | 2993355 |
| preterm labor associated with subclinical amniotic fluid infection and with bacterial vaginosis. | maternal genital infection, particularly subclinical amniotic fluid infection, may cause preterm labor and a premature delivery. the prevalence of subclinical amniotic fluid infection was studied in 54 consecutive afebrile women in preterm labor with singleton gestations and intact fetal membranes. microorganisms were recovered from the amniotic fluid by transabdominal amniocentesis in 13 (24%) of 54 patients. bacteria or candida albicans were recovered from six (11%), and genital mycoplasmas fr ... | 1986 | 3003634 |
| contribution of gardnerella vaginalis to vaginitis in a general practice. | in a study of 154 adult women who presented to their general practitioner with vaginal symptoms 30 (20%) had gardnerella vaginalis on its own and 51 (33%) had g vaginalis in combination with anaerobes or known pathogens. thirty one (20%) patients were culture negative. those who were culture negative had fewer symptoms and signs of vaginitis than those with g vaginalis alone or g vaginalis plus anaerobes. those with known pathogens had more symptoms and signs than those with g vaginalis alone or ... | 1986 | 3013357 |
| sulbactam/ampicillin versus metronidazole/gentamicin in the treatment of severe pelvic infections. | the clinical efficacy and safety of sulbactam/ampicillin versus metronidazole/gentamicin were compared in 39 patients with severe pelvic infections. 30 patients had severe acute pelvic inflammatory disease with peritonitis, 3 tubo-ovarian abscesses, 4 endomyometritis, and 2 posthysterectomy pelvic cellulitis. aerobic and anaerobic cultures from the sites of infection yielded 259 micro-organisms from 38 patients; an average of 6.8 bacteria per infection (3.9 anaerobes and 2.9 aerobes). the most f ... | 1986 | 3013566 |
| ampicillin/sulbactam versus metronidazole-gentamicin in the treatment of soft tissue pelvic infections. | the clinical efficacy and safety of ampicillin/sulbactam versus metronidazole-gentamicin were evaluated in a comparative, randomized, prospective study. forty-four patients were enrolled: 22 received the ampicillin/sulbactam regimen, and 22 received the metronidazole-gentamicin combination. there were 33 cases of severe acute pelvic inflammatory disease, two tuboovarian abscesses, five cases of endomyometritis, and two cases of posthysterectomy pelvic cellulitis. aerobic and anaerobic cultures f ... | 1987 | 3030109 |
| sexually transmitted diseases. | | 1987 | 3039364 |
| bacterial vaginosis. | bacterial vaginosis (nonspecific vaginitis) is a polymicrobial, superficial vaginal infection caused by an increase in anaerobic organisms and a concomitant decrease in lactobacilli. gardnerella vaginalis, once thought to be the sole etiologic agent, is probably one of several endogenous members of the vaginal flora that overgrow in women with bacterial vaginosis. whether the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli is the initial pathogenic event remains unclear. epidemiologica ... | 1988 | 3042906 |
| a 24 hour plastic envelope method for isolating and identifying gardnerella vaginalis (pem-gva) | a new plastic envelope culture test that is selective for gardnerella vaginalis was compared with a conventional method. vaginal specimens from 92 women were cultured. results from both methods were compared with the results of pelvic examinations and clinic screening tests used to diagnose bacterial vaginosis (bv). g vaginalis was isolated more often in the envelope than by the conventional method from patients with bv and those without, though the difference was not significant. isolation and ... | 1988 | 3044977 |
| the cervical cap. | the us food and drug administration has approved marketing of the prentif cavity-rim cervical cap. this contraceptive device is being distributed in the us and canada by cervical cap ltd, los gatos, california. the prentif cap is available in 4 sizes: 22, 25, 28, and 31 mm inside diameter, with a length of 1 1/4-1 1/2 inches. in a multicenter trial involving 522 diaphragm users and 581 cap users followed for 2 years, the cap was 82.6% effective and the diaphragm was 83.3% effective in preven ... | 1988 | 3050407 |
| bacterial vaginosis: a double-blind randomized trial of the effect of treatment of the sexual partner. | in a double-blind randomized controlled trial we assessed the effect of metronidazole treatment of the male partner on the recurrence rate of bacterial vaginosis. women who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis were treated with metronidazole given in single doses of 2 g on days 1 and 3. the sexual partners were randomized to receive either the same dosage of metronidazole or a placebo. a total of 107 pairs completed the study. one week after the start of treatment 89% of the ... | 1988 | 3056506 |
| bacterial vaginosis: a comprehensive review. | in summary, bacterial vaginosis infections are very common, easy to diagnose, and usually quite simple to treat. rarely are symptoms dramatic, and often the woman is unaware of the presence of this infection. partners should be treated, and thorough health education should be provided to both patient and partner. further research is needed to develop safer, equally effective treatments for this infection. currently metronidazole is the drug of choice, except in pregnant women. possible serious p ... | 1988 | 3057469 |
| preterm labor: the role of amnionitis. | this prospective study represents an attempt to find a link between subclinical intra-amniotic infection and preterm singleton labor in 27 asymptomatic patients with intact membranes. liquor amnii was obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis and cultured for anaerobic and aerobic bacteria and mycoplasmas. none of these cultures was positive. the value of gas-liquid chromatographic determination of volatile and non-volatile acids in liquor amnii could not be determined because amniotic infections ... | 1988 | 3062950 |
| comparison of tinidazole given as a single dose and on 2 consecutive days for the treatment of nonspecific bacterial vaginosis. | nonspecific bacterial vaginosis, defined as the presence of clue cells, was treated in a randomized, double-blind study with (1) tinidazole 2 g as a single dose (82 patients), (2) tinidazole 2 g on 2 consecutive days (84 patients), and (3) with placebo (81 patients). the cure rates, both clue cells and gardnerella vaginalis absent, were 51, 74 and 4%, respectively. a closer clinical and microbiological evaluation showed the 2-day regimen to be superior. | 1988 | 3068098 |
| prevalence of nonspecific vaginitis and other cervicovaginal infections during the third trimester of pregnancy. | nonspecific vaginitis (nsv) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a decreased concentration of normal acidophilic döderlein flora in the vagina and increased concentration of nonacidophilic microorganisms, such as gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobic bacteria, and mycoplasmas. since several nsv-associated organisms are associated with complications of pregnancy, we studied the prevalence of nsv among 104 consecutive women during the third trimester of pregnancy. overall, 14 women (14%) had nsv by ... | 1986 | 3082020 |
| sexually transmissible infectious agents in sexually active and virginal asymptomatic adolescent girls. | sixty-eight sexually active and 52 virginal adolescent girls were evaluated for six sexually transmissible infectious agents: gardnerella vaginalis, ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, and neisseria gonorrhoeae. there were significant differences between sexually active and virginal girls with respect to the prevalence of isolation of u urealyticum (75% v 33%, p less than .005), m hominis (27% v 10%, p less than .05), and c trachomatis (19% v ... | 1986 | 3083395 |
| a modified scheme for biotyping gardnerella vaginalis. | a scheme is proposed for biotyping gardnerella vaginalis, based on detection of hippurate hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase (onpg) and lipase, and fermentation of arabinose, galactose and xylose. seventeen biotypes were found among 197 strains from asymptomatic women and patients with bacterial vaginosis (non-specific vaginitis). the distribution of biotypes was similar in both populations but some biotypes were found more frequently in patients. the proposed scheme is compared with those previousl ... | 1986 | 3088281 |
| microbiology of vaginal discharge in general practice. | three groups of women were examined by culture for gardnerella vaginalis and candida. group i consisted of 427 women, who complained spontaneously of vaginal discharge, group ii of 311 women who did not complain of vaginal discharge until questioned prior to gynaecological examination, and group iii of 100 women who denied vaginal discharge. groups i and ii also had cultures made for trichomonas vaginalis and neisseria gonorrhoica. in group i with spontaneous complaints the one-year prevalence r ... | 1986 | 3088694 |
| an unusual case of gardnerella vaginalis septicaemia. | | 1986 | 3089498 |
| in vitro activity of the two new 4-quinolones a56619 and a56620 against neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum and gardnerella vaginalis. | the in vitro activity of tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and two recently developed 1-aryl-fluoroquinolones, a56610 and a56620, was tested against 65 beta-lactamase-negative and 35 beta-lactamase-positive neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, 12 chlamydia trachomatis, 50 mycoplasma hominis, 28 ureaplasma urealyticum and 50 gardnerella vaginalis strains. in the case of chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma hominis both the mic and the mbc were determined. the mic90 of ciprofloxacin for neisseria gonorrhoeae ... | 1986 | 3096726 |
| in vitro activity of difloxacin hydrochloride (a-56619), a-56620, and cefixime (cl 284,635; fk 027) against selected genital pathogens. | management of sexually transmitted diseases is facilitated by having antimicrobial agents with activity against all of the major genital pathogens. newer quinolones show promise of being active against neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis. two quinolones, difloxacin (a-56619) and a-56620, and an oral cephalosporin, cefixime (cl 284,635; fk 027), were evaluated in vitro. all three were highly active against 400 isolates of n. gonorrhoeae, including penicillinase-producing n. gonorrhoea ... | 1986 | 3098163 |
| high-level tetracycline resistance in neisseria gonorrhoeae is result of acquisition of streptococcal tetm determinant. | recently, strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae have been isolated which are highly resistant to tetracycline (mics of 16 to 64 micrograms/ml). this resistance was due to the acquisition of the resistance determinant tetm, a transposon-borne determinant initially found in the genus streptococcus and more recently in mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum, and gardnerella vaginalis. in n. gonorrhoeae, the tetm determinant was located on a 25.2-megadalton plasmid. this plasmid arose from the insert ... | 1986 | 3099640 |
| in vitro activity of a-56619 (difloxacin), a-56620, and other new quinolone antimicrobial agents against genital pathogens. | the in vitro activities of two new carboxyquinolones, a-56619 (difloxacin) and a-56620, were compared with those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin against genital tract pathogens. all the quinolones were highly active against neisseria gonorrhoeae. a-56619 had the lowest mics against chlamydia trachomatis (mic range, 0.125 to 0.25 micrograms/ml) and haemophilus ducreyi (mic for 90% of isolates tested, 0.1 micrograms/ml). | 1986 | 3101590 |
| the midcycle cervical microbial flora as studied by the weighed-swab method, and its possible correlation with results of sperm cervical mucus penetration tests. | infertile couples undergoing routine investigation for infertility were randomly selected for the study. a quantitative method using weighed swabs was found satisfactory for the study of microbial flora in the midcycle cervical mucus. in 6 of the 20 women, the midcycle cervical mucus was hostile in the sperm cervical mucus penetration tests. the total bacterial counts and the number of species (average, 2.5) isolated from the hostile mucus were significantly greater than those from the receptive ... | 1987 | 3109958 |
| prevalence of lower genital tract infections in pregnancy. | a descriptive profile of 106 pregnant women with various forms of cervicitis and vaginitis is provided. fifty women attending individual physicians' private offices are compared with 56 clinic patients: 34 attending a university prenatal teaching clinic and 22 attending a pregnancy termination unit. univariate analysis showed that single women were significantly more likely to be infected by mycoplasmas, yeasts, trichomonads, and gardnerella vaginalis than were married women. teenagers were more ... | 1988 | 3128883 |
| prevalence of gardnerella vaginalis: an estimate. | to assess the prevalence of gardnerella vaginalis in the community 300 women aged 16-59 were randomly selected from a general practice's age-sex register and invited to attend for a health check. out of 282 women who were eligible to attend, 192 did so. they were asked whether they had any vaginal symptoms, and swabs were taken from 182 women for culture for g vaginalis. sixty women were positive for g vaginalis, of whom 26 had symptoms. infections with g vaginalis may be present in women who ha ... | 1988 | 3132250 |
| evaluation of a fluorescent monoclonal antibody reagent for identification of cultured neisseria gonorrhoeae. | we evaluated a new fluorescent monoclonal antibody reagent for confirmation of identity of neisseria gonorrhoeae. the reagent correctly identified all 161 fresh clinical isolates of n. gonorrhoeae, which included 11 penicillinase producing strains (ppng). the reagent also correctly identified 21 stored ppng strains. no cross reactions were seen with 58 fresh clinical isolates of n. meningitidis, 12 stored strains of n. lactamica, or with strains of gardnerella vaginalis, lactobacilli, candida sp ... | 1988 | 3133479 |
| prevalence of gardnerella vaginalis. | | 1988 | 3134106 |
| lower genital tract infections in women: comparison of clinical and epidemiologic findings with microbiology. | we screened 392 women attending the laboratory of microbiology of toulouse purpan hospital for symptoms of lower genital tract infection for six microorganisms. rates of isolation of neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, candida albicans, mycoplasma hominis, and gardnerella vaginalis were 1%, 7.7%, 29.8%, 23.8%, and 37.5%, respectively. trichomonas vaginalis was detected by direct examination in specimens from 3.1% of patients. another goal of this study was to determine the relative pre ... | 1988 | 3135608 |
| neonatal meningitis due to gardnerella vaginalis. | a case of meningitis due to gardnerella vaginalis occurred in a five-day-old newborn who had clinical signs of fever, polypnea and a grey complexion. after treatment with ampicillin, cefotaxime and netilmicin, the patient's condition improved, and no sequelae were observed. the bacterium isolated from a pure culture of the cerebrospinal fluid was identified by biochemical characteristics to be gardnerella vaginalis, but it was not possible to define the source and mode of contamination. | 1988 | 3137044 |
| gardnerella vaginalis is associated with other sexually transmittable microorganisms in the male urethra. | in a prospective study, urethral swabs were taken from 544 men presented to an std clinic, 118 with and 426 without urethritis, and examined by microscope and/or culture for g. vaginalis, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis, candida species and trichomonas vaginalis. g. vaginalis was isolated from 4.2% of the males with urethritis and from 6.3% of those without urethritis. using loglinear analysis, the following associations were significant ( ... | 1988 | 3140532 |
| in vitro activity of azithromycin and erythromycin against organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis and chancroid. | the in vitro activity of the new macrolide azithromycin and erythromycin against haemophilus ducreyi, gardnerella vaginalis, bacteroides spp. and mobiluncus spp. was compared. gardnerella vaginalis, mobiluncus spp. and haemophilus ducreyi were highly susceptible to both agents but azithromycin was more effective overall against all three groups of organisms. the activity of both antibiotics against bacteroides spp. varied greatly, but azithromycin was again more active. collectively, 62% of all ... | 1988 | 3141171 |
| microbiological profile of the cervix in 1,000 sexually active women. | one thousand consecutive women who attended the richmond family planning association clinic and who were to undergo a vaginal examination were asked to participate in a large prospective microbiological study. participants were questioned about their sexual activity during the previous 12 months and any apparent signs of sexually transmitted disease. on examination the cervix was inspected for evidence of inflammation, ectopy or discharge and cervical swabs were taken microbiological assessment. ... | 1988 | 3148302 |
| [the microbiological characteristics of bacterial vaginosis]. | | 1987 | 3154365 |
| the in-vitro activities of enoxacin and ofloxacin compared with that of ciprofloxacin. | the in-vitro activities of enoxacin and ofloxacin were compared with that of the other new 4-quinolone, ciprofloxacin. all three compounds were highly active against enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoeae (mics mostly less than 1 mg/l). the other gram-negative aerobes tested were in general less susceptible, though for acinetobacter and pseudomonas species (including aeruginosa) mics seldom exceeded 8 mg/l. ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were more active against gardne ... | 1985 | 3159712 |
| the in-vitro activity of pd127,391, a new quinolone. | mics of pd127,391 a new 4-quinolone, and of ci934 and ciprofloxacin, two previously reported 4-quinolones, were determined for common clinical bacterial isolates by an agar-dilution method. pd127,391 was the most active drug against enterobacteriaceae and acinetobacter spp (mics less than 0.12 mg/l) and as active as ciprofloxacin against aeromonas spp. (mics less than 0.008 mg/l) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (mics less than 1 mg/l). it was more active than ciprofloxacin against pseudomonas spp. in ... | 1988 | 3182416 |
| a randomized study of antibiotic therapy in idiopathic preterm labor. | a randomized study was undertaken to test the effects of antibiotics as an adjunct to established methods of tocolysis. one hundred fifty patients with cervical dilation of 1 cm or more and no clinically identifiable cause for preterm labor qualified for the study. fifty-three (35%) received 500 mg ampicillin orally every 6 hours, 50 (33%) received 500 mg erythromycin orally every 6 hours, and 47 served as controls. antibiotics were prescribed for 10 days, and the treatment was not altered by th ... | 1988 | 3186088 |