| inhibitory effects of lactobacillus reuteri on visceral pain induced by colorectal distension in sprague-dawley rats. | probiotic bacteria are being investigated as possible treatments for many intestinal disorders. the present study aimed to explore the effects of live, heat killed, or gamma irradiated lactobacillus reuteri on cardio-autonomic response and single fibre unit discharge in dorsal root ganglia to colorectal distension in healthy sprague-dawley rats housed under conventional conditions. the effects of this treatment on somatic pain were also examined. | 2006 | 16361309 |
| influence of intensive and extensive breeding on lactic acid bacteria isolated from gallus gallus domesticus ceca. | in the present study, lactic acid bacteria (lab) from the cecum of chickens bred either under intensive (commercial broilers) or extensive (free-range) conditions were isolated, identified and some of their probiotic characteristics determined. the lab identified by 16s-23s rrna pcr-ardra were mainly of lactobacillus species and to a lesser extent of enterococcus spp. for all animals. free-range chickens showed a higher presence of lactobacillus acidophilus while lactobacillus reuteri and lactob ... | 2007 | 17113730 |
| development of a competitive exclusion product for poultry meeting the regulatory requirements for registration in the european union. | competitive exclusion treatment is able to increase the pathogen colonization resistance of day-old chicks by applying probiotic bacteria stabilizing the indigenous microflora. in order to develop a safe microbial feed additive, various bacterial strains were isolated out of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy chickens. one hundred twenty-one representatives were selected based on differences in whole-cell protein patterns and screened for antagonistic properties. five effective strains (pedio ... | 2006 | 16676374 |
| augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. | this study enrolled 125 premenopausal women diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis (bv) by presence of vaginal irritation, discharge and 'fishy' odor, and nugent criteria and detection of sialidase enzyme. the subjects were treated with oral metronidazole (500 mg) twice daily from days 1 to 7, and randomized to receive oral lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 (1 x 10(9)) and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 (1 x 10(9)) or placebo twice daily from days 1 to 30. primary outcome was cure of bv as determined by nor ... | 2006 | 16697231 |
| probiotic properties of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract. | one strain of lactobacillus salivarius, two strains of lactobacillus reuteri and lactobacillus amylovorus, and two strains of bifidobacterium thermacidophilum with antagonistic effect against clostridium perfringens were isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract. isolates were assayed for their ability to survive in synthetic gastric juice at ph 2.5 and were examined for their ability to grow on agar plate containing porcine bile extract. there was a large variation in the survival of the iso ... | 2007 | 17136367 |
| effect of bile acid on the cell membrane functionality of lactic acid bacteria for oral administration. | lactic acid bacteria and other species dwelling in the gut must be tolerant to bile salts. this study sought to determine the effects of the bile salts taurodeoxycholate (tdca) and deoxycholate (dca) on lactobacillus reuteri crl 1098, a strain of likely probiotic value. when compared to other lactobacilli, l. reuteri showed the highest survival rate but remained sensitive to high (>3 mm) dca concentrations. dca produced complete permeabilization of cells, abolished glucose uptake and severely di ... | 2006 | 16730163 |
| effects of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, or serovar choleraesuis, lactobacillus reuteri and bacillus licheniformis on chemokine and cytokine expression in the swine jejunal epithelial cell line, ipec-j2. | direct-fed microbials, including lactobacillus and bacillus spp., are potential replacements for low dose in-feed antibiotics for swine and other livestock. to understand the function of these microbes in the gut, the current study used pig jejunal epithelial cells (ipec-j2) to evaluate how lactobacillus reuteri (lr) and bacillus licheniformis (bl) differed from salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium (st) or choleraesuis (sc) in their ability to regulate, stimulate, or modify the proinflammato ... | 2007 | 17157391 |
| staphylococcus aureus adheres to human intestinal mucus but can be displaced by certain lactic acid bacteria. | there is increasing evidence that staphylococcus aureus may colonize the intestinal tract, especially among hospitalized patients. as staph. aureus has been found to be associated with certain gastrointestinal diseases, it has become important to study whether this bacterium can colonize the intestinal tract and if so, whether it is possible to prevent colonization. adhesion is the first step in colonization; this study shows that staph. aureus adheres to mucus from resected human intestinal tis ... | 2006 | 16735744 |
| new convenient defined media for [(35)s]methionine labelling and proteomic analyses of probiotic lactobacilli. | to develop experimental conditions for efficient protein radiolabelling and two-dimensional (2d) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for investigation of stress proteomes of probiotic lactobacillus spp. | 2006 | 16478505 |
| post-natal development of the porcine microbiota composition and activities. | the current study describes the development of the porcine microbiota and its metabolic activities during the neonatal and weaning period. using 16s rrna-based approaches, we first analysed the ileal and colonic microbiota of neonatal piglets at days 2, 5 and 12 after birth. to further investigate the effect of weaning at 3 weeks of age, 19-day-old piglets (n = 64) were randomly allocated into two groups. half of the piglets remained with their sows throughout the study, while the remaining pigl ... | 2006 | 16817927 |
| production of succinic acid from citric acid and related acids by lactobacillus strains. | a number of lactobacillus strains produced succinic acid in de man-rogosa-sharpe broth to various extents. among 86 fresh isolates from fermented cane molasses in thailand, 30 strains (35%) produced succinic acid; namely, 23 of 39 lactobacillus reuteri strains, 6 of 18 l. cellobiosus strains, and 1 of 6 unidentified strains. all of 10 l. casei subsp. casei strains, 5 l. casei subsp. rhamnosus strains, 6 l. mali strains, and 2 l. buchneri strains did not produce succinic acid. among 58 known stra ... | 1988 | 16347795 |
| inhibition of expression of a staphylococcal superantigen-like protein by a soluble factor from lactobacillus reuteri. | lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 has previously been shown to inhibit staphylococcus aureus infection in a rat surgical-implant model. to investigate the basis for this, communication events between the two bacterial species were examined. l. reuteri rc-14 and staph. aureus newman were grown in a co-culture apparatus that physically separates the two species, while allowing the passage of soluble compounds. using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2d-e), protein expression changes in staph. aureus ... | 2006 | 16549678 |
| purification and characterization of two novel beta-galactosidases from lactobacillus reuteri. | the intracellular beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) enzymes from two strains of lactobacillus reuteri, l103 and l461, were purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, and affinity chromatography. both enzymes are heterodimers with a molecular mass of 105 kda, consisting of a 35 kda subunit and a 72 kda subunit. active staining of l. reuteri l103 and l461 beta-gal with 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-d-galactoside showed that the intact enzymes as well as the larger subunits posses ... | 2006 | 16819907 |
| production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose using beta-galactosidases from lactobacillus reuteri. | the beta-galactosidases (beta-gals) of lactobacillus reuteri l103 and l461 proved to be suitable biocatalysts for the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (gos) from lactose. maximum gos yields were 38% when using an initial lactose concentration of 205 g/l and at approximately 80% lactose conversion. the product mixtures were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (ce) and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (hpaec-pad). disaccharides oth ... | 2006 | 16819908 |
| the levansucrase and inulosucrase enzymes of lactobacillus reuteri 121 catalyse processive and non-processive transglycosylation reactions. | bacterial fructosyltransferase (ftf) enzymes synthesize fructan polymers from sucrose. ftfs catalyse two different reactions, depending on the nature of the acceptor, resulting in: (i) transglycosylation, when the growing fructan chain (polymerization), or mono- and oligosaccharides (oligosaccharide synthesis), are used as the acceptor substrate; (ii) hydrolysis, when water is used as the acceptor. lactobacillus reuteri 121 levansucrase (lev) and inulosucrase (inu) enzymes are closely related at ... | 2006 | 16549681 |
| [a study of non-antibiotic versus antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary-tract infections in women (the napruti study)]. | patient enrolment in the 'non-antibiotic versus antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary-tract infections' (napruti) study was started in september 2005. in this study of women with recurrent urinary-tract infections we aim to investigate the effect of 12 months of non-antibiotic prophylaxis in comparison with antibiotic prophylaxis on the rate of recurrence of urinary-tract infections and the development of antibiotic resistance. the study consists of two interlinked, randomised, clinical n ... | 2006 | 16566424 |
| antibacterial activity of the soy isoflavone genistein. | genistein, a radioprotective soy isoflavone and protein kinase inhibitor, blocks the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in mammalian epithelial cells. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct effect of genistein on the survival and growth of the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri and selected opportunistic bacteria in vitro as a prelude to in vivo use for managing postirradiation sepsis. we evaluated the opportunistic bacterial enteropathogens escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, and staphyl ... | 2006 | 16847837 |
| identification of lactobacilli isolated from the cloaca and vagina of laying hens and characterization for potential use as probiotics to control salmonella enteritidis. | to select lactobacillus strains from laying hens for potential use as probiotic to control salmonella enteritidis infection. | 2007 | 17381753 |
| species diversity and relative abundance of vaginal lactic acid bacteria from women in uganda and korea. | lactobacilli play an important role in maintaining vaginal health of women. the aim of this study was to compare the species richness and relative abundance of lactobacillus and other lactic acid bacteria in women of two geographically distant countries, uganda and korea. | 2007 | 17381754 |
| survival and persistence of lactobacillus plantarum 4.1 and lactobacillus reuteri 3s7 in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. | lactobacillus sp. are important inhabitants of the intestines of animals. they are also largely used as probiotics for both humans and animals. to exert beneficial effects, lactobacilli have to survive through the gastrointestinal transit. based on bile-salt resistance, ph tolerance, antimicrobial activity and heat resistance, lactobacillus plantarum 4.1 and lactobacillus reuteri 3s7 were previously selected and used as probiotic additives in pelleted feeding trials. both strains were fed to pig ... | 2007 | 17391871 |
| lactobacillus reuteri therapy to reduce side-effects during anti-helicobacter pylori treatment in children: a randomized placebo controlled trial. | helicobacter pylori eradication fails in about 25-30% of children, particularly because of the occurrence of resistance to antibiotics and side-effects. | 2006 | 17032283 |
| clinical study comparing probiotic lactobacillus gr-1 and rc-14 with metronidazole vaginal gel to treat symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is particularly common in black women, and in nigeria it is often caused by mycoplasma, as well as atopobium, prevotella and gardnerella sp. antimicrobial metronidazole oral therapy is poorly effective in eradicating the condition and restoring the lactobacillus microbiota in the vagina. in this study, 40 women diagnosed with bv by discharge, fishy odor, sialidase positive test and nugent gram stain scoring, were randomized to receive either two dried capsules containing ... | 2006 | 17045832 |
| the early response to acid shock in lactobacillus reuteri involves the clpl chaperone and a putative cell wall-altering esterase. | to be able to function as a probiotic, bacteria have to survive the passage through the gastrointestinal tract. we have examined survival and gene expression of lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 after a sudden shift in environmental acidity to a ph close to the conditions in the human stomach. more than 80% of the l. reuteri cells survived at ph 2.7 for 1 h. a genomewide expression analysis experiment using microarrays displayed 72 differentially expressed genes at this ph. the early response to ... | 2007 | 17449683 |
| specific bifidobacterium strains isolated from elderly subjects inhibit growth of staphylococcus aureus. | cell-free, ph-controlled supernatants of thirty-eight bifidobacterium strains isolated from healthy elderly subjects were subjected to antimicrobial activity assay. bioluminescent indicator strains staphylococcus aureus rn4220, escherichia coli k-12, and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium atcc 14028 were used as targets of antimicrobial activity. the effect of nutrient depletion on the inhibition was eliminated with spent-culture controls. three out of thirty-eight bifidobacterium strains w ... | 2007 | 17462772 |
| biocatalysis of linoleic acid to conjugated linoleic acid. | cla refers to a group of geometrical and positional isomers of linoleic acid (la) with conjugated double bonds. cla has been reported to have diverse health benefits and biological properties. traditional organic synthesis is highly capital-intensive and results in an isomeric mixture of cla isomers. biotechnology presents new alternatives to traditional lipid manufacturing methods. the objective of this study was to examine the effect of protein isolation procedures on linoleate isomerase (lai) ... | 2006 | 17120931 |
| structural characterization of the active site of the pduo-type atp:co(i)rrinoid adenosyltransferase from lactobacillus reuteri. | the three-dimensional crystal structure of the pduo-type corrinoid adenosyltransferase from lactobacillus reuteri (lrpduo) has been solved to 1.68-a resolution. the functional assignment of lrpduo as a corrinoid adenosyltransferase was confirmed by in vivo and in vitro evidence. the enzyme has an apparent km(atp) of 2.2 microm and km(cobalamin) of 0.13 microm and a kcat of 0.025 s(-1). co-crystallization of the enzyme with mg-atp resulted in well-defined electron density for an n-terminal loop t ... | 2007 | 17121823 |
| inhibition of staphylococcus aureus growth on tellurite-containing media by lactobacillus reuteri is dependent on cyuc and thiol production. | lactobacillus reuteri inhibits staphylococcus aureus growth on baird-parker agar. this activity required the presence of tellurite and was not shared with other lactic acid bacteria or an l. reuteri mutant defective in cystine metabolism. secreted products generated from l. reuteri cystine metabolism and thiols were shown to augment tellurite toxicity. | 2007 | 17142372 |
| role of asparagine 1134 in glucosidic bond and transglycosylation specificity of reuteransucrase from lactobacillus reuteri 121. | glucansucrases from lactic acid bacteria convert sucrose into various alpha-glucans that differ greatly with respect to the glucosidic bonds present (e.g. dextran, mutan, alternan and reuteran). this study aimed to identify the structural features of the reuteransucrase from lactobacillus reuteri 121 (gtfa) that determine its reaction specificity. we here report a detailed mutational analysis of a conserved region immediately next to the catalytic asp1133 (putative transition-state stabilizing) ... | 2006 | 16911522 |
| lactobacillus reuteri (american type culture collection strain 55730) versus simethicone in the treatment of infantile colic: a prospective randomized study. | the goal was to test the hypothesis that oral administration of lactobacillus reuteri in a prospective randomized study would improve symptoms of infantile colic. | 2007 | 17200238 |
| human epithelial-specific response to pathogenic campylobacter jejuni. | the gastrointestinal epithelia of mammals are tolerant of their resident gut microbiota but are usually highly responsive to entero-pathogens; the host-specific responses have not been well characterized. to this end, the transcriptional responses of cultured human (caco-2) and murine (ct-26) colonic epithelial cells were compared after exposure with the microfloral bacterium lactobacillus reuteri or the human gastrointestinal pathogen campylobacter jejuni. when in bacterial broth, both species ... | 2006 | 16923081 |
| oral treatment with live lactobacillus reuteri inhibits the allergic airway response in mice. | clinical trials have demonstrated that probiotics may be effective in the treatment and prevention of atopic disease in children but there have been few reports of therapeutic effects of oral probiotics outside the gastrointestinal tract. | 2007 | 17204726 |
| salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli levels after ingestion of the probiotic bacterium lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 by straws or tablets. | previous studies have suggested that lactobacilli-derived probiotics in dairy products may affect oral ecology, but the impact of different vehicles of ingestion has received little attention. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the probiotic bacterium lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 on the levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in young adults when ingested by two different delivery systems. | 2006 | 16945898 |
| safety and tolerance of a probiotic formula in early infancy comparing two probiotic agents: a pilot study. | to compare the safety and tolerance of two formulas, supplemented with different probiotic agents, in early infancy. | 2006 | 17031011 |
| a comparative study of the preventative effects exerted by two probiotics, lactobacillus reuteri and lactobacillus fermentum, in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of rat colitis. | the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics isolated from breast milk, lactobacillus reuteri and l. fermentum, were evaluated and compared in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (tnbs) model of rat colitis. colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic administration of 10 mg tnbs dissolved in 50% ethanol (0.25 ml). either l. reuteri or l. fermentum was daily administered orally (5 x 10(8) colony-forming units suspended in 0.5 ml skimmed milk) to each group of rats (n 10) for 3 weeks, ... | 2007 | 17217564 |
| effect of lactobacillus challenge on gardnerella vaginalis biofilms. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is the most common infectious condition in women. it is caused primarily by anaerobic bacteria which rapidly form biofilms recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment, elevate vaginal ph, induce inflammatory processes and displace indigenous lactobacilli from the vault. gardnerella vaginalis is commonly associated with these infections. microscopy analysis showed that within 72 h, viable g. vaginalis covered a surface area of 567 microm(2), reached a depth of 16 microm and a de ... | 2007 | 17234391 |
| export, purification, and activities of affinity tagged lactobacillus reuteri levansucrase produced by bacillus megaterium. | fructosyltransferases, like the lactobacillus reteri levansucrase, are important for the production of new fructosyloligosaccharides. various his(6)- and strep-tagged variants of this enzyme were recombinantly produced and exported into the growth medium using the gram-positive bacterium bacillus megaterium. nutrient-rich growth medium significantly enhanced levansucrase production and export. the b. megaterium signal peptide of the extracellular esterase lipa mediated better levansucrase export ... | 2007 | 17245578 |
| mucosal immunisation of mice with malaria protein on lactic acid bacterial cell walls. | mice were orally and nasally immunised with a malaria parasite protein, msa2, expressed in lactococcus lactis, covalently attached to the peptidoglycan (msa2cp), or non-covalently rebound to l. lactis cell walls, live lactobacillus reuteri and lb. salivarius (msa2ca). although there was marked variation within mice of the same inbred strain, the data suggest that the characteristics of serum igg antibodies formed against msa2 are influenced by the mouse strain and mode of msa2 presentation. msa2 ... | 2007 | 17280749 |
| environmental influences on exopolysaccharide formation in lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730. | lactobacillus reuteri is known to produce exopolysaccharides (eps), which have the potential to be used as an alternative biothickener in the food industry. in this study, the effect of several environmental conditions on the growth and eps production in the l. reuteri strain atcc 55730 was determined. the expression of the corresponding reuteransucrase gene, gtfo, was investigated over time and the results indicated that the expression increased with growth during the exponential phase and subs ... | 2007 | 17316859 |
| pseudovitamin b(12) is the corrinoid produced by lactobacillus reuteri crl1098 under anaerobic conditions. | we have reported previously on the ability of lactobacillus reuteri to produce a compound with vitamin b(12) activity. here we report on the chemical characterisation of this corrinoid-like molecule. high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet diode array detector, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has enabled us to identify the compound as coalpha-[alpha-(7-adenyl)]-cobeta-cyanocobamide or pseudovitamin b(12). this molecule differs from cobalamin ... | 2007 | 17888910 |
| antibiotic susceptibility profiles of lactobacillus reuteri and lactobacillus fermentum. | lactobacillus reuteri and lactobacillus fermentum, which are commonly used as food processing aids and probiotics, can potentially act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. acquired resistance genes may be transferred via the food chain or in the gastrointestinal tract to pathogenic bacteria. knowledge of the distributions of antibiotic mics for a species is needed when using a phenotypic method to assess the presence of acquired resistance genes. in the present study, 56 l. reuteri and ... | 2007 | 17340877 |
| probiotics in prevention of ige-associated eczema: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | an altered microbial exposure may underlie the increase of allergic diseases in affluent societies. probiotics may alleviate and even prevent eczema in infants. | 2007 | 17349686 |
| influence of sodium glycocholate on production of conjugated linoleic acid by cells of lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55739. | the possible influence of a bile salt on production of conjugated linoleic acid (cla) by lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55739 was evaluated. cells of the lactobacilli grown in mrs broth with and without linoleic acid (la, 0.2%) were harvested and washed. the washed cells were added to buffer containing 0.2% la and incubated 18 h at 37 degrees c. the cells, which had been grown without la, transformed la into cla (mainly c9t11-c18:2) better than did those cells grown with it. when sodium glycocholate ... | 2007 | 17995782 |
| isolation and characterization of lactobacillus species having potential for use as probiotic cultures for dogs. | the need to control pathogenic microorganisms in the intestinal tract of dogs is a growing concern. there is interest in using probiotics such as species of lactobacillus to help control canine intestinal infections. for successful use as a probiotic, the bacterial species should be of canine intestinal origin since these species exhibit host specificity. serial dilutions of freshly voided dog feces were plated on lactobacillus selection (lbs) agar to isolate the cultures. isolates were identifi ... | 2007 | 17995807 |
| inhibitory activity spectrum of reuterin produced by lactobacillus reuteri against intestinal bacteria. | reuterin produced from glycerol by lactobacillus reuteri, a normal inhabitant of the human intestine, is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. it has been postulated that reuterin could play a role in the probiotic effects of lb. reuteri. reuterin is active toward enteropathogens, yeasts, fungi, protozoa and viruses, but its effect on commensal intestinal bacteria is unknown. moreover reuterin's mode of action has not yet been elucidated. glutathione, a powerful antioxidant, which also plays a k ... | 2007 | 17997816 |
| cloning and expression of the beta-galactosidase genes from lactobacillus reuteri in escherichia coli. | heterodimeric beta-galactosidase of lactobacillus reuteri l103 is encoded by two overlapping genes, lacl and lacm. the lacl (1887bp) and lacm (960bp) genes encode polypeptides with calculated molecular masses of 73,620 and 35,682da, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of lacl and lacm show significant identity with the sequences of beta-galactosidases from other lactobacilli and escherichia coli. the coding regions of the laclm genes were cloned and successfully overexpressed in e. co ... | 2007 | 17360065 |
| a mucus adhesion promoting protein, mapa, mediates the adhesion of lactobacillus reuteri to caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells. | lactobacillus reuteri is one of the dominant lactobacilli found in the gastrointestinal tract of various animals. a surface protein of l. reuteri 104r, mucus adhesion promoting protein (mapa), is considered to be an adhesion factor of this strain. we investigated the relation between mapa and adhesion of l. reuteri to human intestinal (caco-2) cells. quantitative analysis of the adhesion of l. reuteri strains to caco-2 cells showed that various l. reuteri strains bind not only to mucus but also ... | 2006 | 16861796 |
| characterization of the structural gene encoding nisin f, a new lantibiotic produced by a lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolate from freshwater catfish (clarias gariepinus). | lactococcus lactis f10, isolated from freshwater catfish, produces a bacteriocin (bacf) active against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus carnosus, lactobacillus curvatus, lactobacillus plantarum, and lactobacillus reuteri. the operon encoding bacf is located on a plasmid. sequencing of the structural gene revealed no homology to other nisin genes. nisin f is described. | 2008 | 18039827 |
| characterization of dominant cultivable lactobacilli and their antibiotic resistance profiles from faecal samples of weaning piglets. | to examine the lactic acid bacteria flora of weaning piglets, to define the distribution of different lactobacilli species in piglet faecal samples, and to determine the susceptibility phenotype to 11 antibiotic of different families. | 2007 | 18045434 |
| decreased gum bleeding and reduced gingivitis by the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri. | the primary aim of this study was to assess if the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri could be effective in the treatment of gingivitis and further to evaluate the influence of the probiotic on plaque and the lactobacilli population in the saliva. a randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind study was performed over 2 weeks. fifty-nine patients with moderate to severe gingivitis were included and given one of two different lactobacillus reuteri formulations (lr-1 or lr-2) at a dose of 2 x 10(8) c ... | 2006 | 16878680 |
| activity of hiv entry and fusion inhibitors expressed by the human vaginal colonizing probiotic lactobacillus reuteri rc-14. | novel therapeutic approaches are needed to combat the rapid increase in hiv sexual transmission in women. the probiotic organism lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 which safely colonizes the human vagina and prevents microbial infections, has been genetically modified to produce anti-hiv proteins which were capable of blocking the three main steps of hiv entry into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. the hiv entry or fusion inhibitors were fused to the native expression and secretion signals of b ... | 2007 | 16879452 |
| microbiological and sensory quality of dry fermented sausages containing alginate-microencapsulated lactobacillus reuteri. | the probiotic bacterium lactobacillus reuteri was added to dry sausage batter, without or after being microencapsulated in alginate using either extrusion or emulsion technology. pediococcus pentosaceus and staphylococcus carnosus were added at 7 log cfu/g as starter cultures for fermentation. the sausage batter was stuffed in 55 mm fibrous casings and fermented, with smoking, at <or=26 degrees c and 88% relative humidity (rh) for 72 h. during fermentation as well as drying at 75% rh and 13 degr ... | 2006 | 16884803 |
| single amino acid residue changes in subsite -1 of inulosucrase from lactobacillus reuteri 121 strongly influence the size of products synthesized. | bacterial fructansucrase enzymes belong to glycoside hydrolase family 68 and catalyze transglycosylation reactions with sucrose, resulting in the synthesis of fructooligosaccharides and/or a fructan polymer. significant differences in fructansucrase enzyme product specificities can be observed, i.e. in the type of polymer (levan or inulin) synthesized, and in the ratio of polymer versus fructooligosaccharide synthesis. the lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase enzyme produces a diverse range of ... | 2006 | 16899050 |
| dgge and 16s rdna sequencing analysis of bacterial communities in colon content and feces of pigs fed whole crop rice. | the effect of feeding whole crop rice (wcr) to growing-finishing pigs at three levels 0 (control), 10% and 20% on bacterial communities in colon content and feces was analyzed using 16s rdna-based techniques. amplicons of the v6-v8 variable regions of bacterial 16s rdna were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), cloning and sequencing. the total number of dgge bands and shannon index of diversity for feces samples were higher in the pigs fed wcr-containing diets compared wi ... | 2007 | 17446093 |
| identification of lactic acid bacteria from poultry feces: evidence on anti-campylobacter and anti-listeria activities. | forty-five strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from poultry feces sampled from an industrial farm located in the nantes area (france), and most of them belong to the streptococcus or lactobacillus genus according to the results obtained by galerie api and molecular methods. the most representative lactic acid bacteria strains were screened for antibacterial compound production against 2 indicator organisms (listeria innocua f and campylobacter jejuni 11168) by means of the agar diffusi ... | 2008 | 18212377 |
| sucrose utilization and impact of sucrose on glycosyltransferase expression in lactobacillus reuteri. | glycosyltransferases of lactic acid bacteria are associated with biofilm formation, bacterial stress response and sucrose metabolism. the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of glycosyltransferases to sucrose metabolism in lactobacillus reuteri tmw1.106 expressing the glucosyltransferase gtfa and the inulosucrase inu, and l. reuteri lth 5448 expressing the fructosyltransferase ftfa. transcriptional analysis using quantitative real time pcr revealed that expression of ftfa of l. r ... | 2007 | 17490840 |
| glutathione reductase from lactobacillus sanfranciscensis dsm20451t: contribution to oxygen tolerance and thiol exchange reactions in wheat sourdoughs. | the effect of the glutathione reductase (gshr) activity of lactobacillus sanfranciscensis dsm20451(t) on the thiol levels in fermented sourdoughs was determined, and the oxygen tolerance of the strain was also determined. the gshr gene coding for a putative gshr was sequenced and inactivated by single-crossover integration to yield strain l. sanfranciscensis dsm20451(t)deltagshr. the gene disruption was verified by sequencing the truncated gshr and surrounding regions on the chromosome. the gshr ... | 2007 | 17496130 |
| differential inflammatory mediator response in vitro from murine macrophages to lactobacilli and pathogenic intestinal bacteria. | chronic active colitis (including inflammatory bowel disease - ibd) is maintained by a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators. certain intestinal bacterial strains may induce colitis, whereas some strains (e.g. lactobacillus spp.) show a protective effect in colitis owing to their anti-inflammatory activity. in this study, we have examined the production of selected inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ros), nitric oxide (no) and the expression of haeme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) by murine pe ... | 2007 | 17504445 |
| d-alanyl ester depletion of teichoic acids in lactobacillus reuteri 100-23 results in impaired colonization of the mouse gastrointestinal tract. | the dlt operon of gram-positive bacteria encodes proteins required for the incorporation of d-alanine esters into cell wall-associated teichoic acids (ta). d-alanylation of ta has been shown to be important for acid tolerance, resistance to antimicrobial peptides, adhesion, biofilm formation, and virulence of a variety of pathogenic organisms. the aim of this study was to determine the importance of d-alanylation for colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by lactobacillus reuteri 100-23. ins ... | 2007 | 17564608 |
| probiotics in infectious diarrhoea in children: are they indicated? | infectious gastroenteritis continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. the cornerstone of treatment remains replacement of water and electrolyte losses with oral rehydration solution. until a few years ago, probiotics were discussed primarily in the context of alternative medicine, but they are now entering mainstream medical practice since a decrease of the severity and duration of infectious gastroenteritis in approximately 24 hours has been shown for some strains. th ... | 2007 | 17611775 |
| freezing resistance improvement of lactobacillus reuteri by using cell immobilization. | lactobacillus reuteri shows certain beneficial effects to human health and is recognized as a probiotic. however, its application in frozen foods is still not popular because of its low survival during freezing and frozen storage. cell immobilization technique could effectively exert protection effects to microbial cells in order to enhance their endurance to unfavorable environmental conditions as well as to improve their viability and cell concentration. ca-alginate and kappa-carrageenan were ... | 2007 | 17617480 |
| comparison between discontinuous and continuous lactose conversion processes for the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides using beta-galactosidase from lactobacillus reuteri. | galacto-oligosaccharide (gos) formation from lactose in discontinuous and continuous modes of conversion was investigated using beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) from lactobacillus reuteri. a continuous stirred tank reactor (cstr) with an external crossflow membrane was set up, and continuous gos production was analyzed and compared to the batchwise formed gos product. marked differences were detected for the two reactor setups. above 65% lactose conversion, the gos yield was lower for the cstr due ... | 2007 | 17630761 |
| mice protected by oral immunization with lactobacillus reuteri secreting fusion protein of escherichia coli enterotoxin subunit protein. | a green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene was ligated to the lactobacillus reuteri-specific nisin-inducible expression-secretion vector pnies, generating a pnies-gfp vector capable of secreting the cloned gene as a gfp-fusion protein with fluorescent activity. to develop this system as a live vehicle carrying the heat-stable enterotoxin (st) and heat-labile enterotoxin b (lt(b)) of the enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), a recombinant 5'-st-lt(b)-3' dna fragment was cloned into pnies-gfp. the ... | 2007 | 17651125 |
| production of lactose-free galacto-oligosaccharide mixtures: comparison of two cellobiose dehydrogenases for the selective oxidation of lactose to lactobionic acid. | galacto-oligosaccharides, complex mixtures of various sugars, are produced by transgalactosylation from lactose using beta-galactosidase and are of great interest for food and feed applications because of their prebiotic properties. most galacto-oligosaccharide preparations currently available in the market contain a significant amount of monosaccharides and lactose. the mixture of galacto-oligosaccharides (galos) in this study produced from lactose using recombinant beta-galactosidase from lact ... | 2008 | 18353295 |
| repression of the locus of the enterocyte effacement-encoded regulator of gene transcription of escherichia coli o157:h7 by lactobacillus reuteri culture supernatants is luxs and strain dependent. | culture supernatants of lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 repressed ler expression in escherichia coli o157:h7 cells, but neither the strain's isogenic luxs mutant nor the l. reuteri 100-23c wild-type strain and its luxs mutant elicited a comparable effect. furthermore, the epinephrine-mediated induction of ler expression was repressed by secreted substance(s) of l. reuteri atcc 55730. | 2008 | 18378666 |
| influence of oligosaccharides on the viability and membrane properties of lactobacillus reuteri tmw1.106 during freeze-drying. | freeze-drying is a process commonly used in starter culture preparation. to improve the survival rate of bacteria during the process, cryoprotectives are usually added before freezing. this study investigated the influence of the addition of sucrose, fructo-oligosaccharides (fos), inulin and skim milk on the viability and membrane integrity of lactobacillus reuteri tmw1.106 during freezing, freeze-drying and storage. the effect of drying adjuncts on survival was correlated to their interaction w ... | 2007 | 17651717 |
| coexpression of rumen microbial beta-glucanase and xylanase genes in lactobacillus reuteri. | the aim of this study was to clone and coexpress two rumen fibrolytic enzyme genes in lactobacillus reuteri. the ability of the genetically modified strain to degrade beta-glucan and xylan was evaluated. the fibrobacter succinogenes beta-glucanase (1,3-1,4-beta-d: -glucan 4-glucanohydrolase [ec 3.2.1.73]) gene and the neocallimastix patriciarum xylanase gene, xyncdbfv, were constructed to coexpress and secrete under control of the lactococcus lactis laca promoter and its secretion signal and the ... | 2007 | 17694302 |
| lactobacillus reuteri tablets suppress helicobacter pylori infection--a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled cross-over clinical study. | we studied the effect of lactobacillus reuteri strain sd2112 tablets reuterina (erina co., inc.), in suppressing h. pylori urease activity and to use the urea breath test (ubt) as a marker for the burden of infection. method 1: assessment of ubt and h. pylori density. subjects were 33 h. pylori-positive patients from whom were obtained gastric biopsy specimens by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. the correlation between ubt and h. pylori density was investigated. individual ubt was established f ... | 2007 | 17695792 |
| detection of t lymphocytes in intestine of broiler chicks treated with lactobacillus spp. and challenged with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | the expression of immune response in the form of leukocytic infiltrate by cd3+, cd4+, and cd8+ cells in the epithelium and in the intestinal lamina propria of chicks was studied in the present work by means of immunohistochemical reaction. the chicks were treated with lactobacillus spp. or cecal microflora (cm) and experimentally challenged or not with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. the 320 birds utilized were divided into 4 groups containing 80 chicks each and submitted to treatments ... | 2008 | 18420983 |
| evaluation of an intestinal lactobacillus reuteri strain expressing rumen fungal xylanase as a probiotic for broiler chickens fed on a wheat-based diet. | 1. this study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using a transformed lactobacillus reuteri pg4 strain harbouring a rumen fungal xylanase gene as a probiotic supplement in a wheat-based poultry diet. 2. a total of 400 broiler chicks was allocated to two treatment groups with or without supplementation with 10(6) colony forming units (cfu)/g of transformed l. reuteri pg4 in a wheat-based regimen to investigate the performance, intestinal microflora populations, digesta viscosity and excr ... | 2007 | 17701504 |
| dietary supplementation with sorbitol results in selective enrichment of lactobacilli in rat intestine. | a potential prebiotic action has been ascribed to sorbitol, but in vivo evidence of this remains scarce. in the present work, the effect of sorbitol was compared to that of fructo-oligosaccharides (fos) in a rat model. microbiota changes, particularly in lactobacilli, were analyzed on fecal, colonic and cecal samples. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis of 16s rrna gene amplicons using universal primers showed that fos and sorbitol diets exerted a strong influence upon gut mi ... | 2007 | 17825531 |
| modifying effects of fermented brown rice on fecal microbiota in rats. | brown rice fermented by aspergillus oryzae (fbra) is a fiber-rich food. effects of dietary administration of fbra on rat fecal microbiota composition were examined. male wistar rats were fed a basal diet or a 5% fbra- or 10% fbra-containing diet, and fecal microbiota was analyzed by culture and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis. the viable cell number of lactobacilli significantly increased after feeding 10% fbra diet for 3 weeks compared with that in the basal ... | 2007 | 17826198 |
| phosphoketolase pathway dominates in lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 containing dual pathways for glycolysis. | metabolic flux analysis indicated that the heterofermentative lactobacillus reuteri strain atcc 55730 uses both the embden-meyerhof pathway (emp) and phosphoketolase pathway (pkp) when glucose or sucrose is converted into the three-carbon intermediate stage of glycolysis. in all cases studied, the main flux is through the pkp, while the emp is used as a shunt. in the exponential growth phase, 70%, 73%, and 84% of the flux goes through the pkp in cells metabolizing (i) glucose plus fructose, (ii) ... | 2008 | 17965151 |
| structural and functional analyses of the human-type corrinoid adenosyltransferase (pduo) from lactobacillus reuteri. | atp:co(i)rrinoid adenosyltransferase (aca) catalyzes the conversion of cobalamin to coenzyme b12, an essential cofactor in animal metabolism. several mutations of conserved residues in the active site of human aca have been identified in humans with methylmalonic aciduria. however, the catalytic role of these residues remains unclear. to better understand the function of these residues and to determine how the enzyme promotes catalysis, several variants of a human-type aca from the lactic acid b ... | 2007 | 17988155 |
| glycerol induces reuterin production and decreases escherichia coli population in an in vitro model of colonic fermentation with immobilized human feces. | lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 is a probiotic strain that produces, in the presence of glycerol, reuterin, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance. this strain has been shown to prevent intestinal infections in vivo; however, its mechanisms of action, and more specifically whether reuterin production occurs within the intestinal tract, are not known. in this study, the effects of l. reuteri atcc 55730 on intestinal microbiota and its capacity to secrete reuterin from glycerol in a novel in vi ... | 2008 | 18028400 |
| high-level expression of recombinant beta-galactosidases in lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus sakei using a sakacin p-based expression system. | this work presents the cloning and expression of the genes encoding heterodimeric beta-galactosidases from lactobacillus reuteri l103, lactobacillus acidophilus r22, lactobacillus plantarum wcfs1, and lactobacillus sakei lb790. these enzymes consist of two subunits of approximately 73 and 35 kda, which are encoded by two overlapping genes, lacl and lacm, respectively. we have cloned these genes into the lactobacillal expression vectors psip403 and psip409, which are based on the sakacin p operon ... | 2008 | 18512940 |
| genetic features of circular bacteriocins produced by gram-positive bacteria. | this review highlights the main genetic features of circular bacteriocins, which require the co-ordinated expression of several genetic determinants. in general terms, it has been demonstrated that the expression of such structural genes must be combined with the activity of proteins involved in maturation (cleavage/circularization) and secretion outside the cell via different transporter systems, as well as multifaceted immunity mechanisms essential to ensuring the bacteria's self-protection ag ... | 2008 | 18034824 |
| evaluation of reuterin production in urogenital probiotic lactobacillus reuteri rc-14. | classified as a distinct species in 1980, lactobacillus reuteri strains have been used in probiotic formulations for intestinal and urogenital applications. in the former, the primary mechanism of action of l. reuteri sd2112 (atcc 55730) has been purported to be its ability to produce the antibiotic 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-hpa), also known as reuterin. in the vagina, it has been postulated that probiotic lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 does not require reuterin production but mediates a restorat ... | 2008 | 18539802 |
| lactobacillus secaliphilus sp. nov., isolated from type ii sourdough fermentation. | two strains of gram-positive, catalase-negative, lactic acid bacteria, strains tmw 1.1309(t) and tmw 1.1313, were isolated at an interval of several years from an industrial type ii sourdough. they occurred at cell numbers of 8x10(8) c.f.u. g(-1) and therefore were considered to be one of the dominant members of the microbiota in this type of fermentation. cells of both strains grow exclusively on modified mrs containing trypsin-digested rye-bran extract. both strains possessed identical 16s rrn ... | 2007 | 17392199 |
| a probiotic lozenge administered medical device and its effect on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. | previous studies have suggested that lactobacilli-derived probiotics in dairy products may affect oral ecology, but the effects of different delivery methods have received little attention. | 2008 | 18086024 |
| glucosyltransferase a (gtfa) and inulosucrase (inu) of lactobacillus reuteri tmw1.106 contribute to cell aggregation, in vitro biofilm formation, and colonization of the mouse gastrointestinal tract. | members of the genus lactobacillus are common inhabitants of the proximal gastrointestinal tract of animals such as mice, rats, chickens and pigs, where they form epithelial biofilms. little is known about the traits that facilitate biofilm formation and gut colonization. this study investigated the ecological role of a glucosyltransferase (gtfa) and inulosucrase (inu) of lactobacillus reuteri tmw1.106 and a fructosyltransferase (ftfa) of l. reuteri lth5448. in vitro experiments using isogenic m ... | 2008 | 18174127 |
| the complete coenzyme b12 biosynthesis gene cluster of lactobacillus reuteri crl1098. | the coenzyme b(12) production pathway in lactobacillus reuteri has been deduced using a combination of genetic, biochemical and bioinformatics approaches. the coenzyme b(12) gene cluster of lb. reuteri crl1098 has the unique feature of clustering together the cbi, cob and hem genes. it consists of 29 orfs encoding the complete enzymic machinery necessary for de novo biosynthesis. transcriptional analysis showed it to be expressed as two tandem transcripts of approximately 22 and 4 kb, carrying c ... | 2008 | 18174128 |
| low breast milk tgf-beta2 is induced by lactobacillus reuteri supplementation and associates with reduced risk of sensitization during infancy. | the immunological composition of breast milk differs between mothers. the reasons for these differences and the consequences for the breast-fed infants are poorly understood. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic lactobacillus reuteri supplementation on the immunological composition of breast milk in relation to sensitization and eczema in the babies. total iga, secretory iga (siga), tgf-beta1, tgf-beta2, il-10, tnf, soluble cd14 (scd14), and na/k ratios were analyzed in ... | 2008 | 18221472 |
| genomic and genetic characterization of the bile stress response of probiotic lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730. | probiotic bacteria encounter various stresses after ingestion by the host, including exposure to the low ph in the stomach and bile in the small intestine. the probiotic microorganism lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 has previously been shown to survive in the human small intestine. to address how l. reuteri can resist bile stress, we performed microarray experiments to determine gene expression changes that occur when the organism is exposed to physiological concentrations of bile. a wide varie ... | 2008 | 18245259 |
| structural analysis of the alpha-d-glucan (eps180) produced by the lactobacillus reuteri strain 180 glucansucrase gtf180 enzyme. | the neutral exopolysaccharide eps180 produced from sucrose by the glucansucrase gtf180 enzyme from lactobacillus reuteri 180 was found to be a (1-->3,1-->6)-alpha-d-glucan, with no repeating units present. based on linkage analysis, periodate oxidation, and 1d/2d 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy of the intact eps180, as well as ms and nmr analysis of oligosaccharides obtained by partial acid hydrolysis of eps180, a composite model, that includes all identified structural features, was formulated as f ... | 2008 | 18313038 |
| structural analysis of the alpha-d-glucan (eps35-5) produced by the lactobacillus reuteri strain 35-5 glucansucrase gtfa enzyme. | the neutral exopolysaccharide eps35-5 (reuteran) produced from sucrose by the glucansucrase gtfa enzyme from lactobacillus reuteri 35-5 was found to be a (1-->4,1-->6)-alpha-d-glucan, with no repeating units present. based on linkage analysis and 1d/2d 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy of intact eps35-5, as well as ms and nmr analysis of oligosaccharides obtained by partial acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis, using pullulanase m1 (klebsiella planticola), of eps35-5, a composite model, that inclu ... | 2008 | 18313039 |
| estimation of 16s rrna gene copy number in several probiotic lactobacillus strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of chicken. | the copy numbers of 16s rrna genes in 12 probiotic lactobacillus strains of poultry origin were analyzed. genomic dna of the strains was digested with restriction endonucleases that do not cut within the 16s rrna gene of the strains. this was followed by southern hybridization with a biotinylated probe complementary to the 16s rrna gene. the copy number of the 16s rrna gene within a lactobacillus species was found to be conserved. from the hybridization results, lactobacillus salivarius i 24 was ... | 2008 | 18707622 |
| inhibition of helicobacter pylori infection in humans by lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 and effect on eradication therapy: a pilot study. | several studies report an inhibitory effect of probiotics on helicobacter pylori. aim: to test whether lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 reduces h. pylori intragastric load in vivo, decreases dyspeptic symptoms, and affects eradication rates after conventional treatment. | 2008 | 18321302 |
| probiotic lactobacillus reuteri promotes tnf-induced apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia-derived cells by modulation of nf-kappab and mapk signalling. | the molecular mechanisms of pro-apoptotic effects of human-derived lactobacillus reuteri atcc pta 6475 were investigated in this study. l. reuteri secretes factors that potentiate apoptosis in myeloid leukemia-derived cells induced by tumour necrosis factor (tnf), as indicated by intracellular esterase activity, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labelling assays and poly (adp-ribose) polymerase cleavage. l. reuteri downregulated nuclear factor-kapp ... | 2008 | 18331465 |
| high-level folate production in fermented foods by the b12 producer lactobacillus reuteri jcm1112. | we observed that lactobacillus reuteri jcm1112 produces b(12) and folate. however, the folate/b(12) mass ratio found was far below that desired for human consumption ( approximately 170:1). we used metabolic engineering applying genetic and physiological approaches to improve this ratio and developed a generic and natural process that significantly increases folate production. | 2008 | 18344331 |
| the effect of low ph on protein expression by the probiotic bacterium lactobacillus reuteri. | the ability of a lactic acid bacterium to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract is a key point in its function as a probiotic. in this study, protein synthesis by the probiotic bacterium, lactobacillus reuteri, was analyzed under transiently decreased ph conditions. l. reuteri cells grown to the midexponential growth phase at 37 degrees c were exposed to transient (1 h) low-ph stresses from ph 6.8 to ph 5.0, 4.5, or 4.0. 2-de allowed us to identify 40 common proteins that were consi ... | 2008 | 18351691 |
| identification of a surface protein from lactobacillus reuteri jcm1081 that adheres to porcine gastric mucin and human enterocyte-like ht-29 cells. | adhesion of lactobacilli to the host gastrointestinal (gi) tract is considered an important factor in health-promoting effects. however, studies addressing the molecular mechanisms of the adhesion of lactobacilli to the host gi tract have not yet been performed. the aim of this work was to identify lactobacillus reuteri surface molecules mediating adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and mucins. nine strains of lactobacilli were tested for their ability to adhere to human enterocyte-like ht-2 ... | 2008 | 18379843 |
| isolation and characterization of potential probiotic lactobacilli from pig feces. | this study examined four lactobacilli isolated from pig feces. two hundred lactic acid bacteria strains were obtained from pig feces using selective culture media (with vancomycin and bromocresol green; termed lamvab agar). microscopy, the catalase test, gram-staining, and rapd-pcr analysis were used to group the bacteria into 20 related clusters. phenotypic analysis using the api 50 ch test and genotypic analysis of 16s rdna sequences identified these clusters as representing single strains of ... | 2009 | 18792047 |
| human-derived probiotic lactobacillus reuteri demonstrate antimicrobial activities targeting diverse enteric bacterial pathogens. | lactobacillus reuteri is a commensal-derived anaerobic probiotic that resides in the human gastrointestinal tract. l. reuteri converts glycerol into a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound, reuterin, which inhibits the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. in this study, we compared four human-derived l. reuteri isolates (atcc 55730, atcc pta 6475, atcc pta 4659 and atcc pta 5289) in their ability to produce reuterin and to inhibit the growth of different enteric pathogens i ... | 2008 | 18396068 |
| lactobacillus equigenerosi sp. nov., a coccoid species isolated from faeces of thoroughbred racehorses. | two strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from faeces of two actively racing thoroughbred horses. the isolates formed a subcluster in the lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group, closely related to lactobacillus fermentum, l. gastricus, l. ingluviei and l. mucosae, by phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences. levels of dna-dna relatedness revealed that the isolates belonged to the same taxon and were genetically separated from their phylogenetic relatives. biochemical and ... | 2008 | 18398194 |
| sugar fermentation in probiotic bacteria--an in vitro study. | food supplemented with probiotic bacteria is a rapidly growing sector of the market. the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the acid production of selected probiotic strains available in commercial products. | 2008 | 18954354 |
| probiotic lactobacillus reuteri suppress proinflammatory cytokines via c-jun. | differential immunoregulatory capabilities of probiotic lactobacillus were explored in the context of pediatric crohn's disease. experimental strategies addressed molecular mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) suppression in activated macrophages by transcriptional regulation. | 2008 | 18425802 |
| structural characterization of a human-type corrinoid adenosyltransferase confirms that coenzyme b12 is synthesized through a four-coordinate intermediate. | atp:cob(i)alamin adenosyltransferases (acas) catalyze the transfer of the 5'-deoxyadenosyl moiety from atp to the upper axial ligand position of cobalamin in the synthesis of coenzyme b 12. for the aca-catalyzed reaction to proceed, cob(ii)alamin must be reduced to cob(i)alamin in the enzyme active site. this reduction is facilitated through the generation of a four-coordinate cob(ii)alamin intermediate on the enzyme. we have determined the high-resolution crystal structure of a human-type aca f ... | 2008 | 18452306 |
| lactobacillus reuteri dsm 20016 produces cobalamin-dependent diol dehydratase in metabolosomes and metabolizes 1,2-propanediol by disproportionation. | a lactobacillus reuteri strain isolated from sourdough is known to produce the vitamin cobalamin. the organism requires this for glycerol cofermentation by a cobalamin-dependent enzyme, usually termed glycerol dehydratase, in the synthesis of the antimicrobial substance reuterin. we show that the cobalamin-synthesizing capacity of another l. reuteri strain (20016, the type strain, isolated from the human gut and recently sequenced as f275) is genetically and phenotypically linked, as in the ente ... | 2008 | 18469107 |
| comparative genome analysis of lactobacillus reuteri and lactobacillus fermentum reveal a genomic island for reuterin and cobalamin production. | lactobacillus reuteri is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium that naturally inhabits the gut of humans and other animals. the probiotic effects of l. reuteri have been proposed to be largely associated with the production of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound reuterin during anaerobic metabolism of glycerol. we determined the complete genome sequences of the reuterin-producing l. reuteri jcm 1112(t) and its closely related species lactobacillus fermentum ifo 3956. both are in the s ... | 2008 | 18487258 |
| the effects of probiotics on feeding tolerance, bowel habits, and gastrointestinal motility in preterm newborns. | to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with a probiotic on feeding tolerance and gastrointestinal motility in healthy formula-fed preterm infants. | 2008 | 18492520 |