| comparative analysis of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and related species on the basis of reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16s rrna. | the primary structures of the 16s rrnas of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides, and bacillus thuringiensis were determined by using the reverse transcription-dideoxy sequencing method. all of the strains exhibited very high levels of sequence similarity (greater than 99%) that were consistent with the close relationships shown by previous dna hybridization studies. the sequences of b. anthracis sterne and b. cereus emetic strain nctc 11143 were found to be identical for a cont ... | 1991 | 1715736 |
| immunization against anthrax with bacillus anthracis protective antigen combined with adjuvants. | the protective efficacy of immunization against anthrax with bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pa) combined with different adjuvants was tested in hartley guinea pigs and cba/j and a/j mice. adjuvant components derived from microbial products that were tested included threonyl-muramyl dipeptide (threonyl-mdp); monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl); trehalose dimycolate (tdm); and the delipidated, deproteinized, cell wall skeleton (cws) from either mycobacterium phlei or the bcg strain of mycobacteri ... | 1992 | 1730501 |
| isolation and purification of cell wall polysaccharide of bacillus anthracis (delta sterne). | a polysaccharide fraction was isolated form sodium-dodecyl-sulfate (sds) treated cell walls of bacillus anthracis (delta sterne) by hydrofluoric acid (hf) hydrolysis and ethanolic precipitation. the polysaccharide fraction was subsequently purified by several washings with absolute ethanol. purity of the isolated polysaccharide was tested using the anthrone assay and amino acid analyzer. the molecular mass of the polysaccharide fraction as determined by gel filtration chromatography was about 12 ... | 1991 | 1769521 |
| anthrax vaccines: past, present and future. | most livestock vaccines in use throughout the world today for immunization against anthrax are derivatives of the live spore vaccine formulated by sterne in 1937 and still use descendants of his strain 34f2. credit belongs to this formulation for effective control in many countries with considerable reduction, sometimes complete elimination, of the disease in animals and, since man generally acquires it from livestock, in man also. however, there are some contraindications of its use and situati ... | 1991 | 1771966 |
| [blood analysis 200 years ago--the theory and practice of hematoscopy in veterinary medicine]. | since antiquity the macroscopic judgement of blood obtained through phlebotomy was an important constituent of the medical diagnostic procedures. in the progress of blood sedimentation, the "eucrasia" or the "dyscrasia" of the humours became visible. this paper summarizes the historical and theoretical basis of the haematoscopy, and offers insight into the haemodiagnostic practices of a veterinarian at the end of the 18th century. the authority is the professor of veterinary art and medical advi ... | 1991 | 1786040 |
| anthrax toxin protective antigen: low-ph-induced hydrophobicity and channel formation in liposomes. | to probe the role of the protective antigen (pa) component of anthrax toxin in toxin entry into animals cells, we examined the membrane channel-forming properties and hydrophobicity of intact and trypsin-cleaved forms of the protein at various ph values. at neutral ph neither form caused release of entrapped k+ from unilamellar lipid vesicles. at ph values below 6.0, however, k+ was rapidly released upon addition of either the nicked pa (pan) or the 63 kda tryptic fragment of pa (pa63), which ha ... | 1991 | 1787799 |
| [the genetic control of the virulence factors in bacillus anthracis]. | | 1991 | 1801497 |
| more on desert storm. | | 1991 | 1801795 |
| [decontamination of soil after bacterial warfare experiments on gruinard island]. | bombs containing b. anthracis spores were detonated on gruinard island in 1942 and 1943 as a part of a british research programme set up in response to fears that the germans were developing biological weapons. in 1986 island was decontaminated by spraying with 5% formaldehyde. as a demonstration of confidence in the success of the decontamination operation a flock of 40 sheep was allowed to graze for several months with no ill effects. | 1991 | 1819816 |
| history of veterinary public health in australasia. | the geographic isolation of australasia has played a significant role in preventing the introduction of exotic diseases or in limiting the spread of many diseases which entered after settlement. some infections such as psoroptic mange, tuberculosis and brucellosis became widely dispersed and some were ultimately to require novel methods to curtail them, e.g. greater use of rail and road transportation to convey stock, improved methods to locate and muster livestock in bush terrain (helicopters), ... | 1991 | 1840850 |
| history of veterinary public health in the eastern mediterranean and africa. | brucellosis, rabies, salmonellosis, anthrax and hydatidosis are among the main zoonotic diseases which constitute a threat to human health and welfare. surveillance, prevention and control of such zoonoses and related food-borne diseases are problems of considerable magnitude. despite their obvious importance, relatively few systematic control efforts have been made by national authorities. major constraints include the scarcity of public health veterinarians and related sub-professional staff t ... | 1991 | 1840851 |
| [cutaneous lesion after handling animals]. | | 1991 | 1863610 |
| human cutaneous anthrax. | | 1991 | 1875859 |
| [multifactorial experiment on the combined action of doxycycline and a low molecular weight immunomodulator of microbial origin in experimental anthrax infection]. | chemotherapeutic efficacy of combined therapy of experimental anthrax infection with subtherapeutic doses of doxycycline and a low molecular weight immunomodulator of microbial origin was studied with mathematical design of the experiment and multifactorial analysis. a marked synergistic effect of oral doxycycline and the immunomodulator was observed. the results of the multifactorial experiment were computer processed and polynomial statistic models (the second order equations) describing the s ... | 1991 | 1877878 |
| [the specificity of plague antigen fi in pha]. | it were inoculate a total of the 15 type and 13 group leptospira strains to the rattus flavipetus and rattus lose 137 rates in lei zhou peninsula. as the antisera acquired, it has been examined the lyso-agglutinative test in leptospira strains. up to standard serum it was to test for pha of plaque, employing the sensitized blood cell by fi from 4 antiplague institutes. all of tests are negative. in addition to test for 3 immune sera, hemorrhagic fever antisera (immunized animals apodemus agraius ... | 1991 | 1878960 |
| structural and ligand-binding properties of a truncated form of bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase and of a catalytically inactive variant in which glutamine substitutes for lysine-346. | a truncated, 541-residue-long, bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase was expressed in escherichia coli. the purified protein (cya 62) exhibited catalytic and cam-binding properties identical with those of the wild-type enzyme secreted by b. anthracis. the analysis of the secondary structure of the cya 62 protein by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism revealed the dominance of beta-type structure. the protein shows a relatively low thermal stability with the midpoint den ... | 1991 | 1900429 |
| [the molecular nature of bacillus anthracis toxin]. | the biochemical nature of the three-component toxin of bacillus anthracis is described as well as the molecular structure and regulation of the genetical determinants coding for its synthesis. the mechanism of toxin affect on animal cells is presented. the role of every of the toxin components in realization of bacillus anthracis pathogenic properties is discussed. | 1991 | 1902551 |
| cutaneous anthrax--british columbia. | | 1991 | 1903088 |
| [transduction of bacillus anthracis by phage tg13ant]. | | 1991 | 1903178 |
| purification and characterization of adenylyl cyclase from bacillus anthracis. | | 1991 | 1903483 |
| protection against anthrax with recombinant virus-expressed protective antigen in experimental animals. | we previously described the cloning and expression of the protective antigen (pa) gene of bacillus anthracis in both vaccinia virus and a baculovirus. the antigenicity of the pa products was characterized. pa expressed by the recombinant vaccinia viruses elicited a partial protective immune response against a lethal b. anthracis spore challenge in guinea pigs and mice. the wr strain vaccinia virus recombinant (wr-pa) protected 60% of male mice and 50% of guinea pigs. wr-pa elicited high anti-pa ... | 1991 | 1903769 |
| the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacillus anthracis isolated from the kruger national park. | forty-four isolates of bacillus anthracis made from carcasses and soil in different localities of an endemic anthrax area in the kruger national park, south africa, were tested by standard disc diffusion for their susceptibility to 18 different antibiotics. these were ampicillin, penicillin g, sulphatriad, streptomycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, fusidic acid, trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, methicillin, tetracycline (2 different concentrations), novobiocin, cefotax ... | 1991 | 1905000 |
| the biochemical, morphological and virulence profiles of bacillus anthracis isolated in the kruger national park. | the biochemical, morphological and virulence profiles of 44 bacillus anthracis isolates, obtained from various localities and carcass remains of wild animals in the kruger national park, south africa, were examined. the morphological characteristics tested for included: the formation of capsules on bicarbonate agar, the motility of the vegetative organism, the presence of haemolysis on blood tryptose agar, the sensitivity of the vegetative organism to bacteriophage, the production of lecithinase ... | 1991 | 1905001 |
| improved electroporation and cloning vector system for gram-positive bacteria. | a protocol for transformation of intact enterococcus faecalis cells by electroporation was developed through a systematic examination of the effects of changes in various parameters, including (i) growth conditions; (ii) composition of the electroporation solution; (iii) electroporation conditions, such as field strength and resistance; (iv) size, concentration, and purity of dna used for transformation; and (v) conditions used to select for transformants. key features of this protocol include t ... | 1991 | 1905518 |
| [an anthrax epidemic in switzerland. clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological aspects of a mostly forgotten disease]. | on average in switzerland there is only one case of human anthrax every two years, and this is almost exclusively caused through contact with sick animals in agriculture. however, within less than 3 years, 25 workers in one textile factory have contracted this anthropo-zoonosis. 24 cases had cutaneous and one inhalation anthrax. the infection was imported in goat's hair from pakistan. this almost unique industrial epidemic was due to various circumstances. in particular, the rarity of the illnes ... | 1991 | 1905837 |
| [inhalation anthrax in a textile worker: non-fatal course]. | the development of dyspnea, hematemesis, melaena and symptoms of shock following an apparently minor infection of the upper respiratory tract in a 37-year-old textile worker marked the onset of an acute threatening illness. pleuracentesis revealed 3.8 l of hemorrhagic exudate. chest x-rays showed a significant increase in mediastinal width. conspicuous laboratory findings were hemoconcentration, anemia and leukocytosis, and increased serum activities for sgot, sgpt and alkaline phosphatase. the ... | 1991 | 1905838 |
| [glycine-dependent cryotransformation of bacillus anthracis by dna of various plasmids]. | the possibility of the 1,8-60,0 md plasmids dna transfer into the cells of different bacillus anthracis strains has been established. a number of parameters of the procedure has been optimized. the including of peg6000 into the cryomixture in the final concentration 10% has been demonstrated to be vital for increase in transformants yields. under the described conditions the maximal efficiency of transformation (1,2.10(3)) has been registered for the dna of the plasmid pub110. the efficiency of ... | 1991 | 1906984 |
| anthrax in wildlife in the luangwa valley, zambia. | an abnormally high mortality among hippos (hippopotamus amphibius) in the luangwa river valley between june and november 1987 and estimated to number more than 4000 deaths was attributed to anthrax. several other species, particularly cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) and elephant (loxodonta africana), appear to have been affected. a smaller outbreak of anthrax in hippos occurred between august and september 1988, approximately 100 km up-river. a field study was arranged in august 1989 to assess th ... | 1991 | 1907048 |
| protective and other biological properties of bacillus anthracis soluble antigens. | the soluble antigens were explored of the culture filtrate (cf) derived during static growth of b. anthracis vaccine strain 34f2 on a medium containing casein hydrolysate. electrofocusing of cf preparations revealed that the protective activity was distributed over a wide range of ph 3-7. the most pronounced and stable protective activity was observed at ph 4.6-4.8. following toxin factors were isolated and identified: protective antigen (87 kd), oedema factor (87 kd) and lethal factor (78-81 kd ... | 1991 | 1908875 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of bacillus anthracis. | 22 bacillus anthracis isolates were tested for susceptibility to 27 antimicrobial agents by agar dilution. all isolates were sensitive to penicillins and did not produce beta-lactamase. although all isolates were sensitive to cefazolin, cephalothin, cephradine and cefoperazone 19 isolates were resistant to cefuroxime, 18 to cefotaxime, 18 to ceftizoxime, 9 to ceftriaxone and 21 to ceftazidime. all isolates were also found to be sensitive to other antimicrobials tested. the new antimicrobial agen ... | 1991 | 1909051 |
| differentiation of bacillus anthracis from bacillus cereus by gas chromatographic whole-cell fatty acid analysis. | three strains of bacillus anthracis and seven strains of bacillus cereus were grown on complex medium and on synthetic medium. gas chromatographic analysis of whole-cell fatty acids of strains grown on complex medium gave nearly identical fatty acid patterns. fatty acid patterns of strains grown on synthetic medium showed a high content of branched-chain fatty acids. significant differences between the fatty acid patterns of the two species were found. odd iso/anteiso fatty acid ratios were abou ... | 1991 | 1909348 |
| the monitoring and detection of bacillus anthracis in the environment. | | 1991 | 1909461 |
| anthrax protective antigen interacts with a specific receptor on the surface of cho-k1 cells. | the interaction of protective antigen (pa), a component of the anthrax toxin, with receptors on the chinese hamster ovary cell line cho-k1 was characterized. protective antigen binding at 4 degrees c is highly specific, concentration dependent, saturable (kd = 0.9 nm), and reversible. scatchard analysis indicates the presence of a single class of pa binding sites at a concentration of 10,000 +/- 2,000 per cell. pretreatment of cells with a number of different proteases strongly inhibits pa bindi ... | 1991 | 1909998 |
| contribution of individual toxin components to virulence of bacillus anthracis. | three proteins, protective antigen (pa), lethal factor (lf), and edema factor (ef; a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase), compose the lethal (pa + lf) and edema (pa + ef) toxins secreted by bacillus anthracis. mutant strains, each deficient in the production of one toxin component, were constructed, and their virulence was then studied. a kanamycin resistance cassette was inserted in each cya (encoding ef) and lef (encoding lf) gene, and the constructs were separately introduced into b. anth ... | 1991 | 1910002 |
| re-examination of the mineral supplement associated with a 1972 anthrax outbreak. | | 1991 | 1910219 |
| anthrax. human cutaneous anthrax--a case report. | | 1991 | 1911169 |
| anthrax. | | 1991 | 1935234 |
| functional mapping of anthrax toxin lethal factor by in-frame insertion mutagenesis. | linker insertion mutagenesis was employed to create structural disruptions of the lethal factor (lf) protein of anthrax toxin to map functional domains. a dodecameric linker was inserted at 17 blunt end restriction enzyme sites throughout the gene. paired mlui restriction sites within the linker allowed the inserts to be reduced from four to two amino acids. shuttle vectors containing the mutated genes were transformed into the avirulent bacillus anthracis um23c1-1 for expression and secretion o ... | 1991 | 1939073 |
| [comparative multifactorial analysis of combined administration of injection and peroral forms of an antibiotic with a microbial immunomodulator in experimental anthrax]. | comparative efficacy of the use of injection and oral dosage forms of rifampicin in the subtherapeutic doses in combination with peptidoglycan , an immunomodulator of microbial origin, was studied in respect to experimental anthracic infection with application of multifactorial analysis. it was shown that the antibiotic and immunomodulator had a pronounced synergistic effect. polynomial statistic models were developed and nomograms or equal level curves defining the survival rate and average lif ... | 1991 | 1953183 |
| location of receptor-binding region of protective antigen from bacillus anthracis. | the pag gene, which codes for protective antigen (pa), a common component of the lethal and edema toxins of bacillus anthracis, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. nested deletions of pag were generated into the c-terminus coding region. recombinant proteins were analyzed by western blot with either an anti-pa polyclonal antisera or two monoclonal antibodies that neutralized lethal toxin and edema toxin activities by inhibiting the binding of pa to cell receptors. localization of the r ... | 1991 | 1953724 |
| respiratory infections transmitted from animals. | the physician's approach to the differential diagnosis of obscure, atypical pneumonias has changed. the physician needs to expand the diagnostic search when confronted with a perplexing, progressive atypical pneumonia. diseases examined in this article include anthrax, psittacosis, q fever, tularemia, pasteurellosis, melioidosis, rocky mountain spotted fever, and the plague. | 1991 | 1955704 |
| u.s. bio-defenses faulted by gao. | | 1991 | 1990425 |
| the genetic basis of host resistance to bacillus anthracis in inbred mice. | inbred mice of the c3h/he (resistant) and c57bl/6 (susceptible) strains and their hybrids were used in experiments to investigate the genetic regulation of host resistance to b. anthracis. the susceptibility of f1 mice to a standard spore suspension was similar to that of the resistant parent and not intermediate between values for the parent strains. there were no differences in mortality rate between f1 and reciprocal cross mice. analysis of the results indicated that resistance of mice to b. ... | 1991 | 2024449 |
| functional consequences of single amino acid substitutions in calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase of bordetella pertussis. | calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase of bordetella pertussis and bacillus anthracis are two cognate bacterial toxins. three short regions of 13-24 amino acid residues in these proteins exhibit between 66 and 80% identity. site-directed mutagenesis of four residues in b. pertussis adenylate cyclase situated in the second (asp188, asp190) and third (his298, glu301) segments of identity were accompanied by important decrease, or total loss, of enzyme activity. the calmodulin-binding properties of ... | 1991 | 2050107 |
| anthrax in a farmer's family. | | 1991 | 2056177 |
| biological warfare and infection control. | though many agents have been proposed as potential biological weapons, the feasibility of biological warfare is largely a matter of conjecture. the unpredictable and indiscriminate devastation caused by natural epidemics during wartime should warn us of the dangers of employing microbes as weapons. | 1991 | 2071880 |
| outbreak of human anthrax in ramabhadrapuram village of chittoor district in andhra pradesh. | thirty human anthrax cases were reported from ramabhadrapuram village of chittoor district in andhra pradesh during november-december, 1989. these cases occurred following an epizootic of anthrax among cattle and sheep of the village and ingestion of contaminated meat by the villagers. the overall attack rate was 24.39 per cent with a case fatality of 16.67 per cent. all age groups and both sexes were affected. ten cases were of cutaneous form with typical black eschar formation which were confi ... | 1990 | 2091991 |
| immunization against anthrax with aromatic compound-dependent (aro-) mutants of bacillus anthracis and with recombinant strains of bacillus subtilis that produce anthrax protective antigen. | the safety and efficacy of five prototype, live anthrax vaccines were studied in hartley guinea pigs and cba/j and a/j mice. two of the strains, bacillus anthracis fd111 and fd112, are aro- mutants derived by tn916 mutagenesis of b. anthracis um23-1. bacillus subtilis pa1 and pa2 contain a recombinant plasmid, ppa101 or ppa102, respectively, that carries the gene from b. anthracis encoding synthesis of protective antigen (pa). the final strain, b. subtilis pa7, was isolated in this study from b. ... | 1990 | 2105269 |
| expression of the bacillus anthracis protective antigen gene by baculovirus and vaccinia virus recombinants. | the gene encoding bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pa) was modified by site-directed mutagenesis, subcloned into baculovirus and vaccinia virus plasmid transfer vectors (pacym1 and psc-11, respectively), and inserted via homologous recombinations into baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus or vaccinia virus (strains wr and connaught). expression of pa was detected in both systems by immunofluorescence assays with antisera from rabbits immunized with b. anthracis pa. ... | 1990 | 2105271 |
| [effect of peroxyacetic acid disinfection using an aerosol spray method]. | | 1990 | 2107035 |
| identification of bacillus anthracis by using monoclonal antibody to cell wall galactose-n-acetylglucosamine polysaccharide. | guanidine extracts of crude bacillus anthracis cell wall were used to vaccinate balb/c mice and to develop monoclonal antibody (mab) to vegetative cell surface antigens. two hybridomas selected during this study produced immunoglobulin m immunoglobulins, which appear to be directed to an epitope associated with the galactose-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine polysaccharide. both demonstrated specificity in their binding to purified b. anthracis cell wall, o-stearoyl-polysaccharide conjugates, and intact, n ... | 1990 | 2107201 |
| a-type atp binding consensus sequences are critical for the catalytic activity of the calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase from bacillus anthracis. | analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of bacillus anthracis adenylyl cyclase revealed sequences with homology to consensus sequences for a- and b-type atp binding domains found in many atp binding proteins. based on the analysis of nucleotide binding proteins, a conserved basic amino acid residue in the a-type consensus sequence and a conserved acidic amino acid residue in the b-type consensus sequence have been implicated in the binding of atp. the putative atp binding sequences in the ... | 1990 | 2108958 |
| biological warfare. gruinard island handed back. | | 1990 | 2109833 |
| [the epidemiology and prevention of anthrax]. | | 1990 | 2111250 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the lethal factor component of bacillus anthracis lethal toxin. | the lethal toxin of bacillus anthracis consists of two components, protective antigen and lethal factor. protective antigen is cleaved after binding to cell receptors, yielding a receptor-bound fragment that binds lethal factor. sixty-one monoclonal antibodies to the lethal factor protein have been characterized for specificity, antibody subtype, and ability to neutralize lethal toxin. three monoclonal antibodies (10g3, 2e7, and 3f6) neutralized lethal toxin in fisher 344 rats. however, in a mac ... | 1990 | 2111283 |
| [study on the discrimination of bacteria by gas chromatographic profiles of cellular monosaccharides]. | a procedure for obtaining gas chromatographic (gc) profiles of bacterial cellular monosaccharides was described. some of the unknown component peaks in these profiles were identified. and, based on the complete linkage cluster analysis with the euclidean distance coefficient, the interpretation of the resulting cellular monosaccharides of bacteria were performed by mini-computer. by means of this method, the discrimination of 5 species (24 strains) of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria. the resu ... | 1990 | 2111604 |
| characterization of atp and calmodulin-binding properties of a truncated form of bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase. | the bacillus anthracis cya gene encodes a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase. a deletion cya gene product obtained by removing 261 codons at the 5' end was expressed in a protease-deficient lon- e. coli strain and purified to homogeneity. this truncated enzyme (cya 62) exhibits catalytic and calmodulin-binding properties similar to the properties of wild-type adenylate cyclase from b. anthracis culture supernatants, i.e., a kcat of 1100 s-1 at 30 degrees c and ph 8, an apparent km for atp of ... | 1990 | 2114169 |
| [conjugation transfer of the pambeta1 plasmid to bacillus anthracis]. | the possibility of conjugational transfer of the plasmid pam beta 1 in the cells of different strains of bacillus anthracis has been established. the efficiency of the plasmid replicon transfer in interspecies transfer b. thuringiensis x b. anthracis was n.10(-7), while in interspecies transfer it was n.10(-6). the capability of mobilization of extrachromosomal replicon ptg141 for conjugational transfer has been demonstrated. bacillus anthracis transconjugants harbouring the pam beta 1 plasmid h ... | 1990 | 2114531 |
| immunosuppression in caprine trypanosomiasis: effects of acute trypanosoma congolense infection on antibody response to anthrax spore vaccine. | trypanosoma congolense infected goats were vaccinated with bacillus anthracis spore vaccine to determine the effect of such infection on the humoral immune response to the vaccine. the anti-anthrax antibody levels were severely depressed in infected goats. when trypanocidal therapy was administered to t. congolense infected goats 14 days after infection they developed antibody levels against bacillus anthracis similar to uninfected controls. | 1990 | 2115214 |
| [the effect of the protective antigen of bacillus anthracis on the formation of immunity under the action of live anthrax vaccines]. | the preparation of low-molecular protective antigen (pa) isolated from strain 34f2 (sterne) and having a molecular weight of 34 and 51 kd, unlike the preparation of high-molecular pa with a molecular weight of 87 kd, suppressed the formation of acquired resistance to anthrax when introduced into guinea pigs in mixture with live spores of strains of sti, 34f2 and new vaccine strain 228/8; this phenomenon was mainly accompanied by a decrease in the level of antibodies to lethal factor (lf) nad in ... | 1990 | 2117320 |
| [experimental anthrax infection in laboratory animals with differing species susceptibility to the causative agent]. | in guinea pigs and noninbred white mice, infected subcutaneously with anthrax which resulted in their death, characteristic generalized infection with the hematogenic contamination of their organs and the signs of intoxication and shock could be observed. in inbred white rats (fisher 344) the invasion and dissemination of b. anthracis are relatively slightly pronounced, the phenomena of intoxication and shock being clearly prevalent. | 1990 | 2120875 |
| inhibition of bordetella pertussis and bacillus anthracis adenylyl cyclases by polyadenylate and "p"-site agonists. | inhibition of adenylyl cyclases from bacillus anthrasis and bordetella pertussis by polyadenylate and by the most potent "p"-site agonists was investigated. these bacterial adenylyl cyclases differed in their sensitivity to inhibition by nominal "p"-site agents and in the effect of divalent cations on this inhibition. the enzyme from bordetella pertussis was relatively insensitive to inhibition by "p"-site agonists, exhibiting a rank order of potency of 2'd3'amp greater than 3'-amp greater than ... | 1990 | 2121733 |
| transformation of vegetative cells of bacillus anthracis with plasmid dna. | methods have been developed for chemical transformation and electro-transformation (electroporation) of vegetative cells of bacillus anthracis with supercoiled plasmid dna. chemical transformation was dependent on incubation in tris/hcl with osmotic support and transformation with plasmid dna was effected by treatment with polyethylene glycol 3350. maximum transformation frequencies were 3.8 x 10(-5) transformant c.f.u. per viable c.f.u. (1 x 10(3) c.f.u. per micrograms dna). optimal frequencies ... | 1990 | 2121896 |
| glycine-induced cryotransformation of plasmids into bacillus anthracis. | different cloning vectors (pc194, pbc16, pub110, pbd10, pbd8, pam beta 1) and bacillus anthracis plasmid px02 were introduced into b. anthracis by a transformation method. to induce an artificial competence state for uptake of isolated plasmid dna, the cultures were treated with glycine, to reduce cross-linking of peptidoglycan, followed by freezing and thawing. the procedure is extremely rapid and relatively efficient (maximum transformation efficiency about 10(3) c.f.u. per micrograms dna) and ... | 1990 | 2121897 |
| construction and characterization of a protective antigen-deficient bacillus anthracis strain. | the pag gene coding for protective antigen (pa), one of the three toxin components of bacillus anthracis, has been cloned into the mobilizable shuttle vector pat187 and transferred by conjugation from escherichia coli to b. anthracis. using this strategy, an insertionally mutated pag gene constructed and characterized in e. coli, was introduced into b. anthracis sterne strain. this transconjugant was used to select a recombinant clone (rp8) carrying the inactivated pag gene on the toxin-encoding ... | 1990 | 2122174 |
| outbreak of anthrax in thailand. | an outbreak of anthrax occurred among 14 persons exposed to the meat of two water buffalo which had died from anthrax, in two neighbouring villages in the northeastern region of thailand. all but one case had typical eschars or blisters. three had eaten raw meat; one of them died from gastric anthrax with severe haematemesis. all the others were successfully treated with penicillin. the incubation period varied between two and 11 days. sporadic outbreaks of human and animal anthrax still occur i ... | 1990 | 2124098 |
| cutaneous anthrax. | in this report we present two children with cutaneous anthrax which is rarely seen in developing countries. there is usually a history of contact with animals. one of our patients did not have such a contact. | 1990 | 2124398 |
| [molecular genetic studies on the capsule plasmid of bacillus anthracis]. | | 1990 | 2125085 |
| [the status of natural immunity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia evaluated by long-term monitoring of complement-dependent bacteriocidal antibodies against b. anthracis and its relation to prognosis]. | the authors investigated the function of the time factor as regards changes of bacteriocidity levels of serum against b. anthracis. due to the fact that anthrax has not occurred in this country for several decades, we can speak of an investigation of natural immunity in the wider sense of the word. in the course of 15 years the authors collected repeatedly blood specimens from 53 children with all before, during and after treatment. active sera were examined by quantitative titration by means of ... | 1990 | 2128739 |
| [the assessment of antitoxic anti-anthrax immunity]. | in experiments on guinea pigs immunized with avirulent noncapsular strains sti, sterne (34f2) and the avirulent mutant of bacillus anthracis strain 228/8 the relationship between the titers of serum antibodies to the preparations of purified protective antigens (pa) and purified lethal factor (lf) of b. anthracis toxin and the level of the antitoxic activity (ata) of blood sera, as well as acquired resistance, was analyzed. the ata of sera was evaluated in the primary culture of peritoneal macro ... | 1990 | 2129149 |
| [postinfection and postvaccinal antianthrax immunity in human subjects]. | antibodies to bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pa) and to the lethal factor (lf) of b. anthracis exotoxin in the blood sera of anthrax patients and of subjects with a history of the disease, as well as of persons immunized with sti live vaccine, were studied by the heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay. in 1-6 years after convalescence the levels of anti-pa and anti-lf antibodies (at 75% and 96% detection rates respectively) were higher than on weeks 1-4 from the onset of the disease. in person ... | 1990 | 2145719 |
| [the prediction of the activity of anthrax foci in voronezh province]. | during the period of 1959-1985 the activity of the foci of anthrax in voronezh province was found to be related to the state of some meteorological factors in the previous year and the number of murine [correction of myomorphous] rodents in hayricks and stacks of straw in early spring of the current year, this relationship being stable and statistically significant. multiple regression equations permitting the annual quantitative prognostication of the intensity of the epizootic and epidemic sit ... | 1990 | 2151554 |
| [the effect of lethal anthrax toxin on the functional activity of peritoneal mononuclear phagocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils in mice]. | the mixture of purified protective antigen (pa) and the lethal factor (lf) of b. anthracis exotoxin in a dose incapable of causing cell damage inhibited the zymosan-stimulated luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of mononuclear phagocytes (mp) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) in cba mice and enhanced the chemiluminescence of pmn in balb/c, cc57w and a/sn mice. the conclusion is made that the capacity of mixture of pa and lf for the in vitro inhibition of stimulated production of active for ... | 1990 | 2160768 |
| binding of 3'-anthraniloyl-2'-deoxy-atp to calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase from bordetella pertussis and bacillus anthracis. | 3'-anthraniloyl-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate (ant-datp), a fluorescent analogue of atp, was tested as a probe for the nucleotide-binding site of calmodulin (cam)-activated adenylate cyclases from bordetella pertussis (bpcya47) and bacillus anthracis (bacya62). ant-datp competitively inhibited both bacterial enzymes expressed in escherichia coli (ki approximately 10 microm). binding of the analogue to adenylate cyclase was monitored by equilibrium dialysis and by an increase in its fluoresce ... | 1990 | 2172237 |
| gordon memorial lecture. vaccines and vaccination--past, present and future. | 1. immunisation was first practised as early as the 10th century when small doses of smallpox material administered by unusual routes were used to immunise against smallpox. the procedure was introduced into england in the early part of the 18th century. 2. the next major development was the use by jenner of cowpox to vaccinate against smallpox in the late 18th century. 3. some eighty years later came the classic studies of pasteur developing vaccines for fowl cholera, anthrax and rabies. 4. the ... | 1990 | 2191755 |
| feeding habits and flight range of blow-flies (chrysomyia spp.) in relation to anthrax transmission in the kruger national park, south africa. | carrion-frequenting blow-flies (chrysomyia albiceps and c. marginalis) were allowed 4 days of feeding on 32p-orthophosphate-labelled blood or an impala carcass (aepyceros melampus) in the northern kruger national park, south africa. the dispersal and density of fly faecal and discard droplets were then established using a geiger-counter, indicating that most droplets occurred between a height of 1 and 3 m on nearby leaves and twigs. this coincides with the preferred feeding height of kudu (trage ... | 1990 | 2216348 |
| anthrax of the eyelid. | anthrax is a rare infection that is transmitted to humans from animals or animal products. in its cutaneous form it may produce lesions of the eyelids which can lead to cicatricization and ectropion. exophthalmos, optic atrophy and panophthalmitis have also been reported. a case of anthrax affecting the eyelid of a patient seen by the author in kabul, afghanistan, is presented. | 1990 | 2216480 |
| us army veterinarians stationed in thailand. | | 1990 | 2243050 |
| an outbreak of anthrax in pigs: a practitioner's account. | an outbreak of anthrax occurred in a 500 sow unit at singret farm, llay, during the summer of 1989. this paper describes the sequence of events leading up to the depopulation of the farm, as seen and recorded by a veterinary surgeon in the practice involved. some of the problems encountered and their significance for the future are discussed. | 1990 | 2256239 |
| outbreak of anthrax in pigs. | | 1990 | 2260258 |
| presumed anthrax in a camel. | | 1990 | 2267721 |
| anthrax in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in namibia. | bacillus anthracis caused the death of five cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) on a farm in the gobabis district in namibia. the mode of infection was believed to be a freshly shot baboon (papio ursinus) with a cutaneous anthrax lesion. | 1990 | 2388367 |
| [a case of anthrax as a surgical problem]. | | 1990 | 2398700 |
| photoreactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated, plasmid-bearing, and plasmid-free strains of bacillus anthracis. | the effects of toxin- and capsule-encoding plasmids on the kinetics of uv inactivation of various strains of bacillus anthracis were investigated. plasmids pxo1 and pxo2 had no effect on bacterial uv sensitivity or photoreactivation. vegetative cells were capable of photoreactivation, but photo-induced repair of uv damage was absent in b. anthracis sterne spores. | 1986 | 2429617 |
| [can debrisan pate be used in phlegmons, anthrax...?]. | | 1987 | 2440114 |
| [experimental characteristics of anthrax intoxication]. | in experimental anthrax intoxication, a highly important stage of its pathogenesis consists in microcirculatory disturbances with the phenomena of blood sludge, accompanied by the increased permeability of blood vessels not only for plasma, but also for red blood cells. these disturbances result in perivascular hemorrhages, hemorrhagic infiltrations, edema and cavitary transudates. pulmonary edema and, as a consequence, the accumulation of fluid in pulmonary alveoli and the respiratory tract are ... | 1987 | 2446450 |
| limitations of flow cytometry for the specific detection of bacteria in mixed populations. | flow immunofluorescence (fif) techniques were established for the specific detection of the bacteria escherichia coli, legionella pneumophila and bacillus anthracis spores after staining with fluorescein-conjugated antibacterial antibody. for each bacterial type, a comparison was made of gating on narrow forward angle (nfa) light scatter and on the red fluorescence (red flu) signal available from staining with the nucleic acid dye propidium iodide. no universal gating method was found, since bac ... | 1988 | 2448382 |
| [use of immunological adsorption in heterogeneous immunoenzyme analysis in determining antibodies to the protective determinants of bacillus anthracis]. | in a heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay system involving the use of polystyrene assay plates, the method of immunological adsorption has been used for studying the spectrum of specific antibodies to individual chromatographically pure fractions of b. anthracis toxin. the relationship between the characteristics of acquired stability and the level of serum antibodies to individual biologically active and biologically inactive toxin antigens in guinea pigs, immunized with live vaccines in a single i ... | 1987 | 2448978 |
| cloning and co2-dependent expression of the genetic region for encapsulation from bacillus anthracis. | the capsule of bacillus anthracis is an important virulence factor consisting of poly-d-glutamic acid. the genetic region required for the encapsulation was cloned in escherichia coli from the capsule plasmid pte702, using a selection procedure based on an immunodiffusion assay. the cloned region directed synthesis of the capsule both in e. coli and b. anthracis. capsule synthesis from these clones, as in the wild type, was dependent upon the presence of co2. however, encapsulation directed by t ... | 1988 | 2456447 |
| [evaluation of culture media for cultivating test microorganisms used in the control of the efficacy of sterilization in autoclaves]. | | 1988 | 2463424 |
| anthrax toxin: channel-forming activity of protective antigen in planar phospholipid bilayers. | the three separate proteins that make up anthrax toxin--protective antigen (pa), edema factor (ef), and lethal factor (lf)--act in binary combinations to produce two distinct reactions in experimental animals: edema (pa + ef) and death (pa + lf). pa is believed to interact with a membrane receptor, and after proteolytic processing, to mediate endocytosis and subsequent translocation of ef or lf into the cytosol. pa can be separated, after mild trypsinolysis, into two fragments, pa65 (65 kda) and ... | 1989 | 2467303 |
| identification of a common domain in calmodulin-activated eukaryotic and bacterial adenylate cyclases. | bordetella pertussis and bacillus anthracis, two taxonomically distinct bacteria, secrete adenylate cyclase toxins that are activated by the eukaryotic protein calmodulin. the two enzymes contain a well-conserved stretch of 24 amino acid residues [escuyer et al. (1988) gene 71, 293-298]. antibodies have been obtained against two synthetic heptadecapeptides, covering part of the conserved sequences. the anti-peptide antibodies specifically reacted in western blots with the rat brain adenylate cyc ... | 1989 | 2470405 |
| [anthrax toxin dynamics in the body]. | anthrax toxin introduced subcutaneously into white rats fisher-344 caused specific intoxication accompanied by characteristic pathomorphological changes and, when studied by the immunoperoxidase method in histological sections, could be detected in the blood stream (in plasma) and in the cytoplasm of macrophages (in the lungs and the spleen). the content of the preparation introduced into the animals in the blood stream is directly related to its toxicity, being probably indicative of the relati ... | 1989 | 2472713 |
| [the detection of specific antigens in experimental anthrax]. | the dynamics of various specific antigens was studied in guinea pigs infected with strain 72/12 of tsenkovskiĭ's second vaccine. the study showed that at the acute stage of the disease toxin antigens prevailed over the levels of somatic antigens and nonprotective protein with a molecular weight of 79 kd. the enzyme immunoassay system for the detection of the lethal toxin factor permitted the detection of the antigen in the blood sera of 100% of infected animals at the prodromal period and the ac ... | 1989 | 2483482 |
| monoclonal antibodies against spore antigens of bacillus anthracis. | a murine monoclonal antibody produced against heat inactivated spores of bacillus anthracis ames, reacted with live or inactivated spores of several anthrax strains in indirect immunofluorescence (if) tests. the reactive anthrax strain gave only a moderate degree of reaction. no staining of anthrax vegetative cells was observed. the monoclonal did not react with spores of non-anthrax bacillus strains that gave cross reactions with mouse hyperimmune antiserum raised against ames spores. the stain ... | 1988 | 2483677 |
| [effect of the lethal bacillus anthracis toxin on phagocytosis and the dynamics of the change in the enzyme activity of the antioxidative system of peritoneal mononuclear phagocytes in mice with differing hereditary immunity to anthrax]. | it was demonstrated, that the lethal in vitro suppressed the phagocytic activity of peritoneal mononuclear phagocyte (mph) and enhanced the level activity of glutathione peroxidase to h2o2 (gp-h2o2) in mph of resistant to anthrax balb mice. in mph balb the authors observed dependent-dose enhancement of gp-h2o2 activity and reduction of the ratio of level glutathione reductase (gr) to gp-h2o2 (gr/gp-h2o2). the enhancement of activity gr-h2o2 in mph cba was not dependent on the doses of toxin. the ... | 1989 | 2496765 |
| defence/research. microbiologist butt of protests. | | 1989 | 2497350 |
| calcium is required for the expression of anthrax lethal toxin activity in the macrophagelike cell line j774a.1. | anthrax lethal toxin, which consists of two separate proteins, protective antigen (mr, 82,700) and lethal factor (mr, approximately 83,000), is cytotoxic to the macrophagelike cell line j774a.1. removal of calcium from the culture medium protected cells against the action of lethal toxin. calcium depletion during the binding phase of intoxication afforded only partial protection. further analysis showed that calcium removal caused some inhibition of protective antigen binding but that it had min ... | 1989 | 2499545 |
| bacillus cereus septicemia associated with rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric renal failure. | a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia (aml) developed septicemia due to bacillus cereus with subsequent rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric renal failure. he died despite intensive care. postmortem examination revealed diffuse muscle necrosis with infiltration of gram-positive bacilli and widespread bacterial microthrombi in various organs. septicemia associated with rhabdomyolysis has been described in 12 cases. this case represents the first reported case of b. cereus septicemia associated r ... | 1989 | 2499725 |
| [plasmid transduction by bacillus anthracis bacteriophage cp54]. | possibility of plasmid transduction in bacillus anthracis vaccine strains sterne and sti-1 by bacteriophage cp54ant having an increased ability of adsorbtion and a shortened period of latent development in bacillus anthracis cells has been isolated. the main parameters of plasmid transduction by the bacteriophage have been established for the plasmid ptg141 (tcr). they include the effect of multiplicity of infection, the level of uv-inactivation of bacteriophage, the presence of antiphage serum ... | 1989 | 2499772 |