| gliding motility of cytophaga sp. strain u67. | video techniques were used to analyze the motion of the gliding bacterium cytophaga sp. strain u67. cells moved singly on glass along the long axis at a speed of about 2 micrometers/s, advancing, retreating, stopping, pivoting about a pole, or flipping over. they did not flex or roll. cells of different lengths moved at about the same speed. cells sometimes spun continuously about a pole at a frequency of about 2 hz, the body moving in a plane parallel to that of the glass or on the surface of a ... | 1982 | 7085564 |
| attachment of oral cytophaga species to hydroxyapatite-containing surfaces. | model systems simulating the cementum portion of teeth were used to characterize the attachment process by which certain species of oral cytophaga initiate the colonization of the tooth root surface in vitro. the adsorption of these bacteria to spheroidal hydroxyapatite beads and mechanically powdered root material followed langmuir isotherm kinetics. from such data, the number of binding sites per 20 mg of substrate and the affinity constants were evaluated for two strains of cytophaga sp. rest ... | 1980 | 7216436 |
| capnocytophaga septicemia. | | 1980 | 7360185 |
| deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness of some menaquinone-producing flavobacterium and cytophaga strains. | nine menaquinone-forming strains of the flavobacterium--cytophaga complex with dna base compositions between 35 and 45 moles percent guanine-plus-cytosine were investigated for genome sizes and dna relatedness by dna:dna hybridization in vitro, using the optically recorded initial reassociation kinetics. two strains representing c. hutchinsonii and c. marinoflava proved to be related on the 50 percent binding level, i.e. on a level of dna relatedness commonly found within well-classified convent ... | 1980 | 7396480 |
| development of an rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probe specific for the genus acinetobacter and its application for in situ monitoring in activated sludge. | enhanced biological phosphate removal in an anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge system has generally been ascribed to members of the genus acinetobacter. a genus-specific 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probe was developed to investigate the role of acinetobacter spp. in situ. nonisotopic dot blot hybridization to 66 reference strains, including the seven described acinetobacter spp., demonstrated the expected probe specificity. fluorescent derivatives were used for in situ monitoring of acinet ... | 1994 | 7512807 |
| purification and characterization of a raw-starch digesting amylase from a soil bacterium--cytophaga sp. | a newly isolated bacterium from soil, identified as cytophaga sp. was found to produce raw-starch digesting amylase. the enzyme was purified from 24-hr cultured medium through ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae-sepharose cl 6b ion exchange chromatography and sephacryl s-200 gel filtration. the preparation was proved to be homogeneous by sds-page. the subunit molecular weight determined by sds-page was 59 kd. the optimum temperature was 50 degrees c on soluble starch and 60 degrees c on raw sta ... | 1995 | 7539663 |
| bacterial community structures of phosphate-removing and non-phosphate-removing activated sludges from sequencing batch reactors. | the bacterial community structures of phosphate- and non-phosphate-removing activated sludges were compared. sludge samples were obtained from two sequencing batch reactors (sbrs), and 16s rdna clone libraries of the bacterial sludge populations were established. community structures were determined by phylogenetic analyses of 97 and 92 partial clone sequences from sbr1 (phosphate-removing sludge) and sbr2 (non-phosphate-removing sludge), respectively. for both sludges, the predominant bacterial ... | 1995 | 7544094 |
| recovery of uncommon bacteria from blood: association with neoplastic disease. | table 6 is a summary of the organisms discussed with a listing of the environmental source, the endogenous source, the predisposing factors including neoplasms, and the postulated mechanisms by which the organism can gain access to the circulation. the evidence considered indicates that the entrance of one of these microorganisms into the bloodstream of a human being depends on the presence of multiplicity of predisposing factors. in the majority of cases of bacteremia due to one of these unusua ... | 1995 | 7553569 |
| biodiversity of gas vacuolate bacteria from antarctic sea ice and water. | psychrophilic, gas vacuolate, heterotrophic bacteria indigenous to sea ice communities in antarctica have been isolated. phylogenetic analysis of representative members of these bacteria shows that they belong to the alpha, beta, and gamma proteobacteria and the flavobacteria-cytophaga group. this is the first report of gas vacuolate bacteria from the beta proteobacteria and the flavobacteria-cytophaga groups. | 1995 | 7574660 |
| sulfobacins a and b, novel von willebrand factor receptor antagonists. ii. structural elucidation. | sulfobacins a and b are novel von willebrand factor (vwf) receptor antagonists produced by chryseobacterium sp. nr 2993. the structures of sulfobacins a and b have been determined to be (2r,3r)-3-hydroxy-2-[(r)-3-hydroxy-15-methylhexadecanamido]-15- methylhexadecanesulfonic acid and (2r,3r)-3-hydroxy-15-methyl-2-[13-methyltetradecanamido]- hexadecanesulfonic acid, respectively, by various 2d nmr experiments and by methanolysis. the absolute configurations of the sulfobacins were determined by a ... | 1995 | 7592057 |
| [the level of dna homology in species of the genus cytophaga]. | nucleotide composition, genome size and dna homologies were studied for strains cytophaga johnsonae dsm 425, c. pectinovora dsm 6368, c. saccharophyla dsm 1811, c. aquatilis dsm 2063, c. flevensis dsm 1076, c. lytica atcc 23 178, c. arvensicola dsm 3695, c. heparina dsm 2356. a considerable difference in gs-bases level between species of genus cytophaga (33.3-34.9 mol %) and incertae sedis species (c. heparina and c. arvensicola) (45.0-46.7 mol. %) was shown. the differentiation between freshwat ... | 1995 | 7655657 |
| phylogenetic diversity of the genus cytophaga revealed by 16s rrna sequencing and menaquinone analysis. | to clarify the intra- and intergeneric relationships of the genus cytophaga, 16s rrna sequences and respiratory isoprenoid quinones were determined for the type strains of the 21 validly published species and one isolate in the genus cytophaga. the sequence analysis revealed extreme heterogeneity of this genus, which diverged into nine distinct lines of descent. each lineage of cytophaga was characterized by possessing either menaquinone-6 (mk-6) or mk-7. the mk-6-possessing species were located ... | 1993 | 7689634 |
| selective release of recombinant protein particles (vlps) from yeast using a pure lytic glucanase enzyme. | we have used a pure lytic glucanase enzyme to selectively release recombinant 60 nm protein particles (virus like particles or vlps) from yeast cells. although the protease components of the lytic enzyme complexes were found to degrade the vlps, purified glucanase enzymes from these complexes (derived from cytophaga sp. and oerskovia sp.) produced cell lysis without degradation and released the vlps in the absence of mercaptoethanol, a reducing agent commonly used in cell lysis. the oerskovia gl ... | 1993 | 7764040 |
| purification and properties of collagenase from cytophaga sp. l43-1 strain. | a collagenolytic bacterial strain was isolated from soil and was identified as cytophaga sp. it produced several kinds of collagenase and protease. from the supernatant of a culture, a collagenase was purified as a single protein band upon sds-page and its molecular mass was estimated to be 120 kda. collagen and gelatin were good substrates for this enzyme. beta-casein was cleaved by this enzyme at several sites. | 1993 | 7764338 |
| [distribution of alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidases in marine and freshwater microorganisms]. | the distribution of the alpha-n-acetylgalactosidases producers among 856 marine bacteria isolated from sea water, sediments and associated with sponges, mollusks, echinoderms inhabited in different area of the pacific ocean and 423 baikalian microorganisms from fresh water and sponges have been studied. about 24% as marine as baikalian strains produced this enzyme. the most number of alpha-n-ac-galactosidase producers were found for marine bacteria genera aeromonas, alteromonas and vibrio (71% a ... | 1994 | 7898396 |
| the sequence of the single 16s rrna gene of the thermophilic eubacterium rhodothermus marinus reveals a distant relationship to the group containing flexibacter, bacteroides, and cytophaga species. | rhodothermus marinus, a gram-negative heterotrophic marine thermophile, has been the subject of several recent studies. isolation, sequencing, and analyses of a 16s rrna gene have shown that r. marinus diverges sharply from major bacterial phyla and is most closely allied to the flexibacter-cytophaga-bacteroides group. further analyses revealed that the r. marinus chromosome contains a single rrna operon with a 16s-23s intergenic region coding for trna(ile) and trna(ala). | 1994 | 7928984 |
| phylogeny and lipid composition of thermonema lapsum, a thermophilic gliding bacterium. | 1,490 nucleotides of the 16s rrna gene of a gram-negative, thermophilic and gliding bacterium, thermonema lapsum, have been sequenced. phylogenetic analysis indicates that t. lapsum is related to cytophaga-flavobacteria-bacteroides (cfb) and is confirmed by the identification signature nucleotides that define this group. further phylogenetic analysis indicates that t. lapsum forms the deepest branch in the cfb group; this observation was confirmed by the identification of unique nucleotide and n ... | 1994 | 8138143 |
| riemerella anatipestifer gen. nov., comb. nov., the causative agent of septicemia anserum exsudativa, and its phylogenetic affiliation within the flavobacterium-cytophaga rrna homology group. | the phylogenetic position of the causative agent of septicemia anserum exsudativa, now most often referred to as [moraxella] anatipestifer (brackets indicate a generically misnamed taxon) or "[pasteurella] anatipestifer," was established by performing rrna cistron similarity studies. [moraxella] anatipestifer belongs to rrna superfamily v, together with the genera flavobacterium, cytophaga, flexibacter, weeksella, capnocytophaga, and sphingobacterium. the detailed structure of rrna superfamily v ... | 1993 | 8240957 |
| phylogeny of bacteroides, prevotella, and porphyromonas spp. and related bacteria. | the phylogenetic structure of the bacteroides subgroup of the cytophaga-flavobacter-bacteroides (cfb) phylum was examined by 16s rrna sequence comparative analysis. approximately 95% of the 16s rrna sequence was determined for 36 representative strains of species of prevotella, bacteroides, and porphyromonas and related species by a modified sanger sequencing method. a phylogenetic tree was constructed from a corrected distance matrix by the neighbor-joining method, and the reliability of tree b ... | 1994 | 8300528 |
| studies on cell growth stimulating substances of low molecular weight. part 3. resorcinin, a mammalian cell growth stimulating substance produced by cytophaga johnsonae. | | 1993 | 8407598 |
| tan-1057 a-d, new antibiotics with potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. taxonomy, fermentation and biological activity. | two gram-negative bacteria were found to produce the new antibacterial antibiotics tan-1057 a, b, c and d. the producing bacteria were characterized and designated as flexibacter sp. pk-74 and pk-176. these antibiotics were active against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. tan-1057 a inhibited protein biosynthesis in escherichia coli and s. aureus. it showed excellent protective effects against an experimental methicillin-resistant s. ... | 1993 | 8501003 |
| purification, characterization and specificity of chondroitin lyases and glycuronidase from flavobacterium heparinum. | the chondroitin lyases from flavobacterium heparinum (cytophaga heparinia) have been widely used in depolymerization of glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan chondroitin sulphates. oligosaccharide products derived from chondroitin sulphate can be further degraded by glycuronidases and sulphatases obtained from the same organism. there has been no reported purification of these enzymes to homogeneity nor is there any information on their physical and kinetic characteristics. the absence of pure enzy ... | 1995 | 8526872 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding the collagenase from cytophaga sp. l43-1 strain. | cytophaga sp. strain l43-1 secretes a collagenase [y. sasagawa et al., biosci. biotech. biochem., 57, 1894-1898 (1993)]. a cog gene encoding the collagenase from this strain was cloned, and the nucleotides were sequenced. the structural gene of cog consisted of 3846 base pairs, which encoded a polypeptide consisting of 1282 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 130 kda which was synthesized as a pre-matured enzyme. the deduced n-terminal 14 amino acids sequence, molecular mass o ... | 1995 | 8541644 |
| development of techniques for the genetic manipulation of the gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae. | cytophaga johnsonae displays many features that make it an excellent model of bacterial gliding motility. unfortunately, genetic analyses of c. johnsonae, or any related gliding bacteria, were not possible because of a complete lack of selectable markers, cloning vectors, transposons, and convenient methods of gene transfer. as a first step toward a molecular analysis of gliding motility of c. johnsonae, we developed these genetic techniques and tools. common broad-host-range plasmids and transp ... | 1996 | 8550486 |
| [growth and survival of azospirillum in roots and maize rhizospheres with different levels of acidity]. | an experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of ph on azospirillum sp. growth and survival in maize rhizosphere. sterilized maize seeds were sown in a perlite substratum with addition of a nutritive medium. the pots were buffered at two different phs: 5.8 (group one) and 7.0 (group two). each group was divided in two treatments: inoculated with azospirillum sp. az-39 and non-inoculated. experimental pots were incubated at 20 degrees c with a 14 hour photoperiod. growth of non-in ... | 1995 | 8552763 |
| "candidatus comitans," a bacterium living in coculture with chondromyces crocatus (myxobacteria). | we describe the phylogenetic position and some taxonomically relevant characteristics of a small pleomorphic gram-negative bacterium that was cocultured with some strains of the myxobacterium chondromyces crocatus that were isolated from the same geographic and ecological habitat. a 16s ribosomal dna analysis revealed that the companion was a member of the "cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides" complex and was most closely related to members of the genus sphingobacterium. the results of a fatty ... | 1996 | 8573486 |
| examination of gills from salmonids with bacterial gill disease using monoclonal antibody probes for flavobacterium branchiophilum and cytophaga columnaris. | bacterial diseases of the gills of commercially reared salmonids in freshwater are common problems. they accounted for 18% of all diagnostic submissions to the atlantic veterinary college from commercial fish hatcheries. definitive diagnosis is difficult because of the growth characteristics of the putative bacteria in culture. research into the pathogenesis of these diseases has also been similarly limited. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were developed to 2 globally significant gill bacterial pat ... | 1995 | 8580172 |
| association of cytophaga psychrophila with mortality among eyed eggs of atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | although pseudomonas fluorescens was the predominant bacterium associated with atlantic salmon (salmo salar) eggs incubated at the white river national fish hatchery (bethel, vermont) during january 1992, the fish pathogen cytophaga psychrophila was isolated only from specific lots of eggs that displayed poor survival (35% eye-up). | 1995 | 8583633 |
| gliding bacterial adjuvant stimulates feline cytokines in vitro and antigen-specific igg in vivo. | gliding bacterial adjuvant (gba) has been previously characterized as a potent immune modulator, stimulating the growth of murine b lymphocytes, inducing murine nk cell activity, and promoting the release of several murine cytokines. based on these studies and our interest in potentiating the effectiveness of feline vaccines, gba was tested for its ability to stimulate feline t cells in vitro and act as a vaccine adjuvant in vivo. in vitro, gba stimulated feline pbls to proliferate and release i ... | 1995 | 8585283 |
| intraspecific variation in small-subunit rrna sequences in genbank: why single sequences may not adequately represent prokaryotic taxa. | small-subunit rrna (ssu rrna) sequencing is a powerful tool to detect, identify, and classify prokaryotic organisms, and there is currently an explosion of ssu rrna sequencing in the microbiology community. we report unexpectedly high levels of intraspecific variation (within and between strains) of prokaryote ssu rrna sequences deposited in genbank. a total of 82% of the prokaryote species with two published ssu rrna sequences had more variable positions than a 0.1% random sequencing error woul ... | 1995 | 8590690 |
| negative chemotaxis in cytophaga johnsonae. | chemotaxis, both positive and negative, has been extensively studied in flagellated bacteria, such as escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium, but not in gliding bacteria. the rapidly motile gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae has been seen to be repelled by h2o2, ocl-, and n-chlorotaurine, as well as by low ph. its response to h2o2 was eliminated by catalase. nalidixic acid at 200 microm, which inhibits the growth but not the motility of c. johnsonae, did not interfere with its negative c ... | 1996 | 8640609 |
| heterotrophic bacteria in the ross sea (terra nova bay, antarctica). | microbial research on temporal variation of bacterial densities was carried out on seawater samples collected from two field stations at different depths during the antarctic summer (oceanographic campaign 1989/1990). bacterial densities evaluated on marine agar 2216 (difco) and on tcbs agar (difco) after incubation at +4 degrees c for 21 days respectively ranged from 0 to 7.9 x 10(2) cfu/ml for heterotrophic bacteria and from 0 to 5.7 x 10(2) cfu/100ml for "presumptive vibrios". during the peri ... | 1996 | 8673854 |
| development of techniques to genetically manipulate members of the genera cytophaga, flavobacterium, flexibacter, and sporocytophaga. | the bacteroides-cytophaga-flavobacterium branch of the eubacterial phylogenetic tree contains a diverse group of bacterial species. techniques for the genetic manipulation of bacteroides spp. are well developed (a. a. salyers, n. b. shoemaker, and e. p. guthrie, crit. rev. microbiol. 14:49-71, 1987). recently we developed techniques to genetically manipulate the gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae (m. j. mcbride and m. j. kempf, j. bacteriol. 178:583-590, 1996). we now demonstrate that some of ... | 1996 | 8702294 |
| application of a suite of 16s rrna-specific oligonucleotide probes designed to investigate bacteria of the phylum cytophaga-flavobacter-bacteroides in the natural environment. | we designed a panel of four 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes specific for bacteria of the phylum cytophaga-flavobacter-bacteroides (cfb). probes cf319a and cf319b are targeted to members of the flavobacteria-cytophaga group and the genus porphyromonas, whereas probe bac303 has a target region characteristic for the genera prevotella and bacteroides within the bacteroides group. the probe ffe8b was developed for species-specific hybridizations with flavobacterium ferrugineum. all probes w ... | 1996 | 8704951 |
| molecular microbial diversity of an agricultural soil in wisconsin. | a culture-independent survey of the soil microbial diversity in a clover-grass pasture in southern wisconsin was conducted by sequence analysis of a universal clone library of genes coding for small-subunit rrna (rdna). a rapid and efficient method for extraction of dna from soils which resulted in highly purified dna with minimal shearing was developed. universal small-subunit-rrna primers were used to amplify dna extracted from the pasture soil. the pcr products were cloned into pgem-t, and ei ... | 1996 | 8787391 |
| isolation and characterization of a new arsenic methylating bacterium from soil. | an arsenic resistant and arsenic methylating bacterium belonging to the flavobacterium-cytophaga group was isolated from soil with an arsenic content of 1.5 ppm. the growth of the bacterium is enhanced in the presence of as compounds in concentrations up to 200 ppm in the cultural media with a stronger effect of as(v) than of as(iii) compounds. as a volatile product of the methylation of both nah2aso3 and nah2aso4 exclusively, me3as was formed and detected by mass spectrometry. quantitative aspe ... | 1996 | 8857265 |
| intestinal coccidiosis of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | | 1996 | 8953547 |
| identifying numerically abundant culturable bacteria from complex communities: an example from a lignin enrichment culture. | culturable bacteria that were numerically important members of a marine enrichment community were identified and characterized phylogenetically. selective and nonselective isolation methods were used to obtain 133 culturable bacterial isolates from model marine communities enriched with the high-molecular-weight (lignin-rich) fraction of pulp mill effluent. the culture collection was screened against community dna from the lignin enrichments by whole-genome hybridization methods, and three marin ... | 1996 | 8953714 |
| purification of a marine bacterial glucose dehydrogenase from cytophaga marinoflava and its application for measurement of 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol. | a novel glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) from a marine bacterium cytophaga marinoflava ifo 14170 was isolated from its membrane fraction. this gdh catalyzes the oxidation of a hydroxy group of glucose, but does not react in its c-1 position. this enzyme is composed of a single peptide with a mol wt of 67,000. the gdh can react under high salinity. the optimum ph is around 8.0, showing typical property of marine bacterial enzymes. using this novel enzyme, and enzymatic determination of 1,5-anhydro-d-g ... | 1996 | 8984902 |
| thermonema rossianum sp. nov., a new thermophilic and slightly halophilic species from saline hot springs in naples, italy. | six slightly halophilic, thermophilic bacterial strains were isolated from saline hot springs along the bay of naples, italy. these strains produce bright yellow colonies and have a filamentous morphology and an optimum growth temperature of about 60 degrees c. lipid composition and 16s ribosomal dna sequence analyses showed that these strains belong to the genus thermonema, a member of the cytophaga-flavobacter-bacteroides phylum. growth was observed in medium containing 1 to 3% nacl. the dna g ... | 1997 | 8995813 |
| the filamentous morphotype eikelboom type 1863 is not a single genetic entity. | five isolates of a filamentous bacterial morphotype with the distinctive diagnostic microscopic features of eikelboom type 1863 were obtained from activated sludge sewage treatment plants in victoria, australia. on the basis of phenotypic evidence and 16s rdna sequence data, these isolates proved to be polyphyletic. two (ben 06 and ben 06c) are from the chryseobacterium subgroup which is in the cytophaga group, subdivision i of the flexibacter-cytophaga-bacteroides phylum. two (ben 56 and ben 59 ... | 1997 | 9134715 |
| [recent knowledge on fish pathogenic bacteria aeromonas salmonicida, listonella anguillara and cytophaga columnaris, and their virulence factors]. | | 1997 | 9155200 |
| molecular microbial diversity of an anaerobic digestor as determined by small-subunit rdna sequence analysis. | the bacterial community structure of a fluidized-bed reactor fed by vinasses (wine distillation waste) was analyzed. after pcr amplification, four small-subunit (ssu) rdna clone libraries of bacteria, archaea, procarya, and eucarya populations were established. the community structure was determined by operational taxonomic unit (otu) phylogenetic analyses of 579 partial rdna sequences (about 500 bp long). a total of 146 otus were found, comprising 133, 6, and 7 from the bacteria, archaea, and e ... | 1997 | 9212428 |
| bacterial diversity in adirondack mountain lakes as revealed by 16s rrna gene sequences. | bacterial communities of seven lakes in the adirondack mountains of new york state were characterized by amplification and sequencing of 16s ribosomal dna. analysis of over 100 partial sequences revealed a diverse collection of lineages, largely of the class proteobacteria (19% alpha subdivision, 31% beta subdivision, and 9% gamma subdivision), the phylum cytophaga-flavobacteria-bacteroides (15%), and the order actinomycetales (18%). additionally, a number of the sequences were similar to those ... | 1997 | 9212443 |
| diversity and association of psychrophilic bacteria in antarctic sea ice. | the bacterial populations associated with sea ice sampled from antarctic coastal areas were investigated by use of a phenotypic approach and a phylogenetic approach based on genes encoding 16s rrna (16s rdna). the diversity of bacteria associated with sea ice was also compared with the bacterial diversity of seawater underlying sea ice. psychrophilic (optimal growth temperature, < or = 15 degrees c; no growth occurring at 20 degrees c) bacterial diversity was found to be significantly enriched i ... | 1997 | 9251193 |
| n-type calcium channel blockers from a marine bacterium, cytophaga sp. sank 71996. | n-(3-acyloxyacyl)glycines were isolated as n-type calcium channel blockers from a marine bacterium cytophaga sp. sank 71996. the identification and fermentation of the producing strain and structure characterization of n-(3-acyloxyacyl)glycines by spectral analyses and chemical syntheses are described together with their antagonistic activities. | 1997 | 9268000 |
| immunization with bacterial antigens: flavobacterium and flexibacter infections. | seven bacterial species belonging to the flavobacterium-cytophaga group are currently considered to be pathogenic for fish. because they were only recently described and/or because the disease they provoke has little economic significance, no study has been performed concerning immunization against chryseobacterium scophthalmum, flavobacterium johnsoniae and flexibacter ovolyticus. immunization with flexibacter maritimus has not been investigated, and fish surviving a natural infection appear to ... | 1997 | 9270847 |
| analysis of biomass cellulose in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes. | a direct method for determining the cellulose content of biomass residues resulting from simultaneous saccharifiaction and fermentation (ssf) experiment has been developed and evaluated. the method improves on classical cellulose assays by incorporating the enzymatic removal of yeast glucans from the biomass residue prior to acid hydrolysis and subsequent quantification of cellulose-derived glucose. an appropriate cellulase-free, commercially available, yeast-lysing enzyme preparation from cytop ... | 1997 | 9276923 |
| dominant marine bacterioplankton species found among colony-forming bacteria. | the density of specific aquatic bacteria was determined by use of whole-genome dna hybridization towards community dna. from a coastal marine environment (northern baltic sea), 48 specific bacteria were isolated on solid media over a 1-year period. based on the presented hybridization protocol, the total density of the isolates ranged between 7 and 69% of the bacteria determined by acridine orange direct counts. when compared to the number of nucleoid-containing cells, the range increased to 29 ... | 1997 | 9292985 |
| effect of aerosolization on culturability and viability of gram-negative bacteria. | estimations of the bacterial content of air can be more easily made now than a decade ago, with colony formation the method of choice for enumeration of airborne bacteria. however, plate counts are subject to error because bacteria exposed to the air may remain viable yet lose the ability to form colonies, i.e., they become viable but nonculturable. if airborne bacteria exhibit this phenomenon, colony formation data will significantly underestimate the bacterial populations in air samples. the o ... | 1997 | 9293010 |
| phylogenetic characterization of bacteria in the subsurface microbial culture collection. | the subsurface microbial culture collection (smcc) was established by the u.s. dept. of energy (doe) and contains nearly 10,000 strains of microorganisms (mostly bacteria) isolated from terrestrial subsurface environments. selected groups of bacterial isolates from three sample sites situated above geochemically and hydrologically different subsurface environments have been characterized by phylogenetic analysis of 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene nucleotide sequences. among these isolates were mem ... | 1997 | 9299704 |
| cloning and characterization of the flavobacterium johnsoniae (cytophaga johnsonae) gliding motility gene, glda. | the mechanism of bacterial gliding motility (active movement over surfaces without the aid of flagella) is not known. a large number of nonmotile mutants of the gliding bacterium flavobacterium johnsoniae (cytophaga johnsonae) have been previously isolated, and genetic techniques to analyze these mutants have recently been developed. we complemented a nonmotile mutant of f. johnsoniae (uw102-09) with a library of wild-type dna by using the shuttle cosmid pcp17. the complementing plasmid (pcp100) ... | 1997 | 9342376 |
| development and application of monoclonal antibodies for in situ detection of indigenous bacterial strains in aquatic ecosystems. | strain-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were developed for three different bacterial isolates obtained from a freshwater environment (lake plusssee) in the spring of 1990. the three isolates, which were identified by molecular methods, were as follows: cytophaga johnsonae px62, comamonas acidovorans px54, and aeromonas hydrophila pu7718. these strains represented three species that were detected in high abundance during a set of mesocosm experiments in lake plusssee by the direct analysis o ... | 1997 | 9361440 |
| acetate acts as a protonophore and differentially affects bead movement and cell migration of the gliding bacterium cytophaga johnsonae (flavobacterium johnsoniae). | cells of cytophaga johnsonae (now flavobacterium johnsoniae) are able to translocate on solid surfaces but are unable to swim in liquid media. organelles that may be involved in this gliding motility have not been detected, and the mechanism(s) responsible remains unknown. the movement of latex beads attached to the cell surface is considered by some to be a manifestation of the gliding machinery. in this study, acetate (in nutrient-level quantity, 45 mm) was found to inhibit bead movement on ce ... | 1997 | 9421895 |
| purification and properties of arfi, an alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from cytophaga xylanolytica. | an alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (alpha-l-arabinofuranoside arabinofuranohydrolase [ec 3.2.1.55]; referred to below as arfi) from cytophaga xylanolytica xm3 was purified 85-fold by anion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction column chromatography. the native enzyme had a pi of 6.1 and an apparent molecular mass of 160 to 210 kda, and it appeared to be a trimer or tetramer consisting of 56-kda subunits. with p-nitrophenyl-alpha-l-arabinofuranoside as the substrate, the enzyme exhibited a k(m) of 0.5 ... | 1998 | 9435061 |
| polaribacter gen. nov., with three new species, p. irgensii sp. nov., p. franzmannii sp. nov. and p. filamentus sp. nov., gas vacuolate polar marine bacteria of the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides group and reclassification of 'flectobacillus glomeratus' as polaribacter glomeratus comb. nov. | several psychrophilic, gas vacuolate strains of the cytophage-flavobacterium-bacteroides (cfb) phylogenetic group were isolated from sea ice and water from the arctic and the antarctic. the closest taxonomically defined species by 16s rrna sequence analysis is 'flectobacillus glomeratus'. however, 'flc. glomeratus' is phylogenetically distant from the flectobacillus type species, flc. major. on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and 16s rrna sequence analyses we propose a new genus, polaribacter ... | 1998 | 9542092 |
| arfi and arfii, two genes encoding alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases in cytophaga xylanolytica. | arfi encoded the 57.7-kda subunit of cytophaga xylanolytica arabinofuranosidase i (arfi). arfii encoded a 59.2-kda subunit of arfii. products of both cloned genes liberated arabinose from arabinan and arabinoxylan. the deduced amino acid sequences of arfi and arfii revealed numerous regions that were identical to each other and to regions of homologous proteins from bacteroides ovatus, bacillus subtilis, and clostridium stercorarium. | 1998 | 9572972 |
| the kappa-carrageenase of the marine bacterium cytophaga drobachiensis. structural and phylogenetic relationships within family-16 glycoside hydrolases. | we report here cloning from the marine gliding bacterium cytophaga drobachiensis of kappa-carrageenase, a glycoside hydrolase involved in the degradation of kappa-carrageenan. structural features in the nucleotide sequence are pointed out, including the presence of an octameric omega sequence similar to the ribosome-binding sites of various eukaryotes and prokaryotes. the cgka gene codes for a protein of 545 aa, with a signal peptide of 35 aa and a 229-aa-long posttranslationaly processed c-term ... | 1998 | 9580981 |
| the phylogenetic relationships of chlorobium tepidum and chloroflexus aurantiacus based upon their reca sequences. | using reca as the phylogenetic marker, the relationships of the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium tepidum and the green non-sulfur bacterium chloroflexus aurantiacus to other eubacteria were investigated. the reca genes of the two organisms were cloned, and the resulting protein sequences aligned with 86 other eubacterial reca sequences. cb. tepidum was placed as the nearest relative to the cytophaga/flexibacter/bacteriodes group, a relationship supported by results obtained with several phyloge ... | 1998 | 9595663 |
| microbial community composition of wadden sea sediments as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | the microbial community composition of wadden sea sediments of the german north sea coast was investigated by in situ hybridization with group-specific fluorescently labeled, rrna-targeted oligonucleotides. a large fraction (up to 73%) of the dapi (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-stained cells hybridized with the bacterial probes. nearly 45% of the total cells could be further identified as belonging to known phyla. members of the cytophaga-flavobacterium cluster were most abundant in all layers, ... | 1998 | 9647850 |
| processing respiratory specimens with c18-carboxypropylbetaine: development of a sediment resuspension buffer that contains lytic enzymes to reduce the contamination rate and lecithin to alleviate toxicity. | the c18-carboxypropylbetaine (cb-18) procedure for processing respiratory specimens for the detection of mycobacteria was shown to provide significant increases in sensitivity by smear and culture. however, the procedure also produced increased contamination, a loss in liquid culture sensitivity, and a reduction in smear specificity. because of these observations, the toxicity of cb-18 and the nature of the contamination were characterized. preincubation in 1 mm cb-18 impacted viability in a tim ... | 1998 | 9650952 |
| ym-32890 a and b, new types of macrolide antibiotics produced by cytophaga sp. | two new types of macrolide antibiotics, ym-32890 a and b, have been isolated from the fermentation broth of cytophaga sp. yl-02905s. in this paper, the taxonomy of the producing strain, fermentation, isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity of the antibiotics are reported. ym-32890 a inhibits the growth of staphylococci including a macrolide-resistant strain, but shows no antimicrobial activity against other gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and yeast. | 1997 | 9711247 |
| rrna-targeted fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis of bacterial community structure in river water. | an improved in situ hybridization technique, hnpp-fish, using 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid 2'-phenylanilide phosphate (hnpp) and fast red tr was applied to analyse the community structure of planktonic bacteria in river water. oligonucleotide probes specific for the domain bacteria (eub338) and five bacterial groups [flavobacterium-cytophaga; burkholderia-pseudomonas (rrna iii)-authentic alcaligenes; vibrio-aeromonas; pseudomonas (rrna i): the genus acinetobacter] were used to investigate the bact ... | 1998 | 9720029 |
| genetic diversity of the biofilm covering montacuta ferruginosa (mollusca, bivalvia) as evaluated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis and cloning of pcr-amplified gene fragments coding for 16s rrna. | the shell of the bivalve montacuta ferruginosa, a symbiont living in the burrow of an echinoid, is covered with a rust-colored biofilm. this biofilm includes different morphotypes of bacteria that are encrusted with a mineral rich in ferric ion and phosphate. the aim of this research was to determine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic affiliation of the biofilm bacteria. also, the possible roles of the microorganisms in the processes of mineral deposition within the biofilm, as well as their ... | 1998 | 9726898 |
| phylogenetic heterogeneity within the genus herpetosiphon: transfer of the marine species herpetosiphon cohaerens, herpetosiphon nigricans and herpetosiphon persicus to the genus lewinella gen. nov. in the flexibacter-bacteroides-cytophaga phylum. | analysis of the 16s rdna sequences of species currently assigned to the genus herpetosiphon revealed intrageneric phylogenetic heterogeneity. the thermotolerant freshwater species herpetosiphon geysericola is most closely related to the type species herpetosiphon aurantiacus in the chloroflexus subdivision of the green non-sulfur bacteria. the marine species herpetosiphon cohaerens, herpetosiphon nigricans and herpetosiphon persicus, on the other hand, were found to form a cluster with sheathed ... | 1998 | 9734027 |
| a gliding bacterium strain inhibits adhesion and motility of another gliding bacterium strain in a marine biofilm | two species of gliding bacteria were isolated from a marine biofilm. they were described and identified as members of the genus cytophaga. one of them (rb1057) produced an extracellular inhibitor of colony expansion of the other (rb1058). the inhibitor was characterized as a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of 60 kda. it inhibited rb1058 adhesion to and gliding on substrata. motility and adhesion of several other aquatic gliding bacteria were not measurably affected by this agent. | 1998 | 9758848 |
| seasonal community and population dynamics of pelagic bacteria and archaea in a high mountain lake | the seasonal variations in community structure and cell morphology of pelagic procaryotes from a high mountain lake (gossenkollesee, austria) were studied by in situ hybridization with rrna-targeted fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes (fish) and image-analyzed microscopy. compositional changes and biomass fluctuations within the assemblage were observed both in summer and beneath the winter ice cover and are discussed in the context of physicochemical and biotic parameters. proteobacter ... | 1998 | 9797280 |
| molecular characterization of epiphytic bacterial communities on charophycean green algae | epiphytic bacterial communities within the sheath material of three filamentous green algae, desmidium grevillii, hyalotheca dissiliens, and spondylosium pulchrum (class charophyceae, order zygnematales), collected from a sphagnum bog were characterized by pcr amplification, cloning, and sequencing of 16s ribosomal dna. a total of 20 partial sequences and nine different sequence types were obtained, and one sequence type was recovered from the bacterial communities on all three algae. by phyloge ... | 1998 | 9797295 |
| in situ detection of bacteria in continuous-flow cultures of seawater sediment suspensions with fluorescently labelled rrna-directed oligonucleotide probes. | rrna-targeted and fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide probes were used to study the composition of natural bacterial populations in continuous-flow cultures of seawater sediment suspensions. the cultures were run as enrichment cultures with increasing dilution rates, and hexadecane as the sole carbon source. total cell numbers were analysed by counting dapi (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-stained cells. to differentiate the population composition, oligonucleotide probes for eubacteria, for cy ... | 1998 | 9802019 |
| pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in the red pacu (colossoma brachypomum) following different routes of administration. | oxytetracycline (otc) pharmacokinetics were studied in the red pacu (colossoma brachypomum) following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. otc plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance-liquid-chromatography (hplc). a non-compartmental model was used to describe plasma drug disposition after otc administration. following i.m. administration, the elimination half-life (t1/2) was 62.65 +/- 1.25 h and the bioavailability was 49. ... | 1998 | 9811436 |
| hymenobacter roseosalivarius gen. nov., sp. nov. from continental antartica soils and sandstone: bacteria of the cytophaga/flavobacterium/bacteroides line of phylogenetic descent. | aseptically collected sandstone and soil samples from the antarctic dry valleys were inoculated into oligotrophic media and incubated under low light intensities. a total of 41 gram-negative isolates were obtained with reddish colonies spreading on agar. a sandstone isolate and four soil strains were characterized further. they were nearly identical in morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties. they produced large amounts of extracellular polymer and utilized for gr ... | 1998 | 9841127 |
| protein phylogenies and signature sequences: a reappraisal of evolutionary relationships among archaebacteria, eubacteria, and eukaryotes. | the presence of shared conserved insertion or deletions (indels) in protein sequences is a special type of signature sequence that shows considerable promise for phylogenetic inference. an alternative model of microbial evolution based on the use of indels of conserved proteins and the morphological features of prokaryotic organisms is proposed. in this model, extant archaebacteria and gram-positive bacteria, which have a simple, single-layered cell wall structure, are termed monoderm prokaryote ... | 1998 | 9841678 |
| bacterial filament formation, a defense mechanism against flagellate grazing, is growth rate controlled in bacteria of different phyla. | a facultatively filamentous bacterium was isolated from eutrophic lake water and was identified as flectobacillus sp. strain mwh38 (a member of the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides phylum) by comparative 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. filament formation by flectobacillus sp. strain mwh38 and filament formation by flectobacillus major, the closest known relative of strain mwh38, were studied in chemostat cultures under grazing pressure by the bacterivorous flagellate ochromonas sp. strain d ... | 1999 | 9872755 |
| morphological and compositional changes in a planktonic bacterial community in response to enhanced protozoan grazing. | we analyzed changes in bacterioplankton morphology and composition during enhanced protozoan grazing by image analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization with group-specific rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes. enclosure experiments were conducted in a small, fishless freshwater pond which was dominated by the cladoceran daphnia magna. the removal of metazooplankton enhanced protozoan grazing pressure and triggered a microbial succession from fast-growing small bacteria to larger grazing-res ... | 1999 | 10049890 |
| combined microautoradiography-16s rrna probe technique for determination of radioisotope uptake by specific microbial cell types in situ. | we propose a novel method for studying the function of specific microbial groups in situ. since natural microbial communities are dynamic both in composition and in activities, we argue that the microbial "black box" should not be regarded as homogeneous. our technique breaks down this black box with group-specific fluorescent 16s rrna probes and simultaneously determines 3h-substrate uptake by each of the subgroups present via microautoradiography (mar). total direct counting, fluorescent in si ... | 1999 | 10103276 |
| diversity of chlorophenol-degrading bacteria isolated from contaminated boreal groundwater. | chlorophenol-degrading bacteria from a long-term polluted groundwater aquifer were characterized. all isolates degraded 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol at concentrations detected in the contaminated groundwater (< 10 mg 1(-1)). pentachlorophenol was degraded by three isolates when present alone. in two gram-positive isolates, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol was required as an inducer for the degradation of pentachlorophenol. the gram-positive isolates were sensitive to pentachlorop ... | 1999 | 10201097 |
| an improved growth medium for flavobacterium psychrophilum. | supplementing cytophaga agar and broth with 0.5 g l-1 each of d(+) galactose, d(+) glucose, l-rhamnose and skimmed milk gave a dramatic improvement in the isolation of the fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum. by means of spread-plating, approximately double the number of colonies of larger size were obtained on the improved medium compared to cytophaga agar alone. in supplemented cytophaga broth, growth of fl. psychrophilum was more rapid and generated greater biomass. | 1999 | 10212443 |
| phylogenetic position of chitinophaga pinensis in the flexibacter-bacteroides-cytophaga phylum. | comparison of the 16s rrna gene sequence determined for chitinophaga pinensis showed that this species is most closely related to flexibacter filiformis in the flexibacter-bacteroides-cytophaga phylum. these two chitinolytic bacteria, which are characterized by transformation into spherical bodies on ageing, belong to a strongly supported lineage that also includes cytophaga arvensicola, flavobacterium ferrugineum and flexibacter sancti. the lineage is distinct from the microcyst-forming species ... | 1999 | 10319467 |
| coenonia anatina gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium associated with respiratory disease in ducks and geese. | taxon 1502 was originally described as a riemerella anatipestifer-like bacterium causing exudative septicaemia in ducks and geese. in the present study, an integrated genotypic and phenotypic approach was used to elucidate the phylogenetic affiliation and taxonomic relationships of 12 strains of taxon 1502. whole-cell protein and fatty acid analyses and an extensive biochemical examination by using conventional tests and several api microtest systems indicated that all isolates formed a homogene ... | 1999 | 10319512 |
| phylogenetic composition, spatial structure, and dynamics of lotic bacterial biofilms investigated by fluorescent in situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscopy. | > abstract the phylogenetic composition, three-dimensional structure and dynamics of bacterial communities in river biofilms generated in a rotating annular reactor system were studied by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm). biofilms grew on independently removable polycarbonate slides exposed in the reactor system with natural river water as inoculum and sole nutrient and carbon source. the microbial biofilm community developed from attached si ... | 1999 | 10341052 |
| evolutionary relationships among photosynthetic prokaryotes (heliobacterium chlorum, chloroflexus aurantiacus, cyanobacteria, chlorobium tepidum and proteobacteria): implications regarding the origin of photosynthesis. | the presence of shared conserved insertions or deletions in proteins (referred to as signature sequences) provides a powerful means to deduce the evolutionary relationships among prokaryotic organisms. this approach was used in the present work to deduce the branching orders of various eubacterial taxa consisting of photosynthetic organisms. for this purpose, portions of the hsp60 and hsp70 genes, covering known signature sequence regions, were pcr-amplified and sequenced from heliobacterium chl ... | 1999 | 10361294 |
| phylogenetic analysis of particle-attached and free-living bacterial communities in the columbia river, its estuary, and the adjacent coastal ocean. | the columbia river estuary is a dynamic system in which estuarine turbidity maxima trap and extend the residence time of particles and particle-attached bacteria over those of the water and free-living bacteria. particle-attached bacteria dominate bacterial activity in the estuary and are an important part of the estuarine food web. pcr-amplified 16s rrna genes from particle-attached and free-living bacteria in the columbia river, its estuary, and the adjacent coastal ocean were cloned, and 239 ... | 1999 | 10388721 |
| determination of total protein content of bacterial cells by sypro staining and flow cytometry. | an assay has been developed for measuring protein biomass of marine planktonic bacteria by flow cytometry. the method was calibrated by using five species of bacteria (an arcobacter sp., a cytophaga sp., an oceanospirillum sp., a pseudoalteromonas sp., and a vibrio sp.) recently isolated from seawater samples and grown in culture at different temperatures. the intensity of sypro-protein fluorescence of these bacteria strongly correlated with their total protein content, measured by the bicinchon ... | 1999 | 10388732 |
| the response of the microbial community of marine sediments to organic carbon input under anaerobic conditions. | cyanobacterial biomass was added to anaerobic sediment to simulate the natural input of complex organic substrate that occurs in nature after algae blooms. sediments were incubated at 0 degree c, 8 degrees c and 24 degrees c for 13 days. community dynamics were measured by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (fish), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), and sequencing of 16s rdna pcr products. metabolic changes were followed by the analysis of total carbon mineralisation, sulfate reduct ... | 1999 | 10390875 |
| characterization of the bacterial community of a zinc-polluted soil. | the bacterial community of a zinc-contaminated soil (maatheide soil in lommel, belgium) was studied using cultivation as well as cultivation-independent techniques. colony-forming units (cfu) were determined by plating on media with or without metals. dominant isolates were characterized by fatty acid methyl ester analysis (fame analysis) and pcr fingerprinting using repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences as primers. dna was directly extracted from soil samples and used as a template for th ... | 1999 | 10420584 |
| description of cellulophaga baltica gen. nov., sp. nov. and cellulophaga fucicola gen. nov., sp. nov. and reclassification of [cytophaga] lytica to cellulophaga lytica gen. nov., comb. nov. | phenotypic data indicate that gliding, yellow/orange-pigmented, agar-digesting bacterial strains were members of the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides (cfb) group. the strains were isolated from the surface of the marine benthic macroalga fucus serratus l. and the surrounding seawater at three localities in danish waters. the bacteria were gram-negative, flexirubin-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative and were psychrophilic and halophilic. all strains utilized d-fructose, ... | 1999 | 10425785 |
| phylogeny of the defined murine microbiota: altered schaedler flora. | the "altered schaedler flora" (asf) was developed for colonizing germfree rodents with a standardized microbiota. the purpose of this study was to identify each of the eight asf strains by 16s rrna sequence analysis. three strains were previously identified as lactobacillus acidophilus (strain asf 360), lactobacillus salivarius (strain asf 361), and bacteroides distasonis (strain asf 519) based on phenotypic criteria. 16s rrna analysis indicated that each of the strains differed from its presump ... | 1999 | 10427008 |
| microbial population changes during bioremediation of an experimental oil spill. | three crude oil bioremediation techniques were applied in a randomized block field experiment simulating a coastal oil spill. four treatments (no oil control, oil alone, oil plus nutrients, and oil plus nutrients plus an indigenous inoculum) were applied. in situ microbial community structures were monitored by phospholipid fatty acid (plfa) analysis and 16s rdna pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) to (i) identify the bacterial community members responsible for the decontamination ... | 1999 | 10427050 |
| bacterioplankton compositions of lakes and oceans: a first comparison based on fluorescence in situ hybridization. | fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) with rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes was used to investigate the phylogenetic composition of bacterioplankton communities in several freshwater and marine samples. an average of about 50% of the cells were detected by probes for the domains bacteria and archaea, and of these, about half could be identified at the subdomain level with a set of group-specific probes. beta subclass proteobacteria constituted a dominant fraction in freshwater systems, a ... | 1999 | 10427073 |
| gliding motility in bacteria: insights from studies of myxococcus xanthus. | gliding motility is observed in a large variety of phylogenetically unrelated bacteria. gliding provides a means for microbes to travel in environments with a low water content, such as might be found in biofilms, microbial mats, and soil. gliding is defined as the movement of a cell on a surface in the direction of the long axis of the cell. because this definition is operational and not mechanistic, the underlying molecular motor(s) may be quite different in diverse microbes. in fact, studies ... | 1999 | 10477310 |
| gene descent, duplication, and horizontal transfer in the evolution of glutamyl- and glutaminyl-trna synthetases. | in translation, separate aminoacyl-trna synthetases attach the 20 different amino acids to their cognate trnas, with the exception of glutamine. eukaryotes and some bacteria employ a specific glutaminyl-trna synthetase (glnrs) which other bacteria, the archaea (archaebacteria), and organelles apparently lack. instead, trna(gln) is initially acylated with glutamate by glutamyl-trna synthetase (glurs), then the glutamate moiety is transamidated to glutamine. lamour et al. [(1994) proc natl acad sc ... | 1999 | 10486006 |
| microbial diversity in sediments collected from the deepest cold-seep area, the japan trench. | : the japan trench land slope at a depth of 6,400 m is the deepest cold-seep environment with calyptogena communities. sediment samples from inside and beside the calyptogena communities were collected, and the microbial diversity in the sediment samples was studied by molecular phylogenetic techniques. from dna extracted directly from the sediment samples, 16s rdnas were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction method. the sequences of the amplified 16s rdnas selected by restriction fragment ... | 1999 | 10489418 |
| localization and identification of populations of phosphatase-active bacterial cells associated with activated sludge flocs. | abstract the majority of phosphatase (po(4)ase) activity detected in fresh aerobic activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was associated with suspended floc material. po(4)ase activity appeared to be localized in discrete bacteria-containing areas of the floc matrix based on the distribution of nucleic acid-stained cells and precipitated fluorescent crystals produced as a result of reaction of the enzyme(s) with the artificial substrate elftrade mark-po(4). of the total flo ... | 1999 | 10541782 |
| characterization and identification of numerically abundant culturable bacteria from the anoxic bulk soil of rice paddy microcosms. | most-probable-number (liquid serial dilution culture) counts were obtained for polysaccharolytic and saccharolytic fermenting bacteria in the anoxic bulk soil of flooded microcosms containing rice plants. the highest viable counts (up to 2.5 x 10(8) cells per g [dry weight] of soil) were obtained by using xylan, pectin, or a mixture of seven mono- and disaccharides as the growth substrate. the total cell count for the soil, as determined by using 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, was 4.8 ... | 1999 | 10543821 |
| comparative phylogenetic assignment of environmental sequences of genes encoding 16s rrna and numerically abundant culturable bacteria from an anoxic rice paddy soil. | we used both cultivation and direct recovery of bacterial 16s rrna gene (rdna) sequences to investigate the structure of the bacterial community in anoxic rice paddy soil. isolation and phenotypic characterization of 19 saccharolytic and cellulolytic strains are described in the accompanying paper (k.-j. chin, d. hahn, u. hengstmann, w. liesack, and p. h. janssen, appl. environ. microbiol. 65:5042-5049, 1999). here we describe the phylogenetic positions of these strains in relation to 57 environ ... | 1999 | 10543822 |
| poles apart: biodiversity and biogeography of sea ice bacteria. | this review introduces the subjects of bacterial biodiversity and biogeography. studies of biogeography are important for understanding biodiversity, the occurrence of threatened species, and the ecological role of free-living and symbiotic prokaryotes. a set of postulates is proposed for biogeography as a guide to determining whether prokaryotes are "cosmopolitan" (found in more than one geographic location on earth) or candidate endemic species. the term "geovar" is coined to define a geograph ... | 1999 | 10547690 |
| psychrotrophic bacteria from a coastal station in the ross sea (terra nova bay, antarctica). | seawater samples were collected from a fixed, coastal station in the terra nova bay at different depths during the xth oceanographic cruise in the 1994-95 antarctic summer. picoplanktonic abundance, estimated by direct counts in epifluorescence microscopy, ranged from 2.2 x 10(7) to 1.6 x 10(8) cells.l-1. the heterotrophic bacterial densities, evaluated on marine agar 2216 (difco) after incubation at +4 degrees c for 21 days, ranged from 2 x 10(3) to 4.5 x 10(6) cfu.l-1. the qualitative composit ... | 1999 | 10555207 |
| phylogenetic analysis of genus marinilabilia and related bacteria based on the amino acid sequences of gyrb and emended description of marinilabilia salmonicolor with marinilabilia agarovorans as its subjective synonym. | the detailed phylogenetic relationships for genus marinilabilia and related taxa were analysed by using dna gyrase b subunit gene (gyrb) sequences. anaerobic bacteria in the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides phylum, namely genera marinilabilia, bacteroides, rikenella, prevotella and porphyromonas and cytophaga fermentans, were clustered in the same branch and the facultative anaerobes marinilabilia and cytophaga fermentans formed a subcluster in the branch of the anaerobic bacteria. phylogene ... | 1999 | 10555336 |
| differential enumeration and in situ localization of microorganisms in the hindgut of the lower termite mastotermes darwiniensis by hybridization with rrna-targeted probes | we examined the abundance and spatial distribution of major phylogenetic groups of the domain bacteria in hindguts of the australian lower termite mastotermes darwiniensis by using in situ hybridization with group-specific, fluorescently labeled, rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes. between 32.0 +/- 7.2% and 52.3 +/- 8.2% of the dapi-stained cells in different hindgut fractions were detected with probe eub338, specific for members of the domain bacteria. about 85% of the prokaryotic cells were ... | 1999 | 10591851 |
| news & notes: detection of microorganisms with overall cellulolytic activity. | a modification is described of the plate method for the detection of microorganisms with overall cellulolytic activity, including those like cytophaga, in which the activity is cell bound. within a few days of incubation colonies of cellulose-degrading bacteria formed holes in discs of lens paper placed on freshly inoculated agar plates. | 2000 | 10594230 |