| anaerobic bacteria and herpes simplex virus in genital ulceration. | of 91 patients with genital ulceration, herpes simplex virus was isolated from 52 (57%) and haemophilus ducreyi from 12 (13%); none had syphilis. the difference in incidence of other aerobes in patients and controls was not significant. anaerobes, predominantly bacteroides spp, were isolated from a large proportion (77%) of men and women patients with ulcers but from few control men. the most common anaerobic species were b asaccharolyticus and b ureolyticus, with fewer isolates of the melaninog ... | 1985 | 2984108 |
| treating chancroid with enoxacin. | increasing resistance of haemophilus ducreyi to antimicrobials necessitates further trials of new antimicrobial agents for treating chancroid. enoxacin has excellent in vitro activity against h ducreyi, and a randomised clinical trial of three doses of enoxacin 400 mg at intervals of 12 hours compared with a single dose of trimethoprim/sulphametrole (tmp/smt) 640/3200 mg was therefore conducted. of 169 men enrolled in the study, 86 received enoxacin and 83 received tmp/smt. ulcers were improved ... | 1988 | 3044978 |
| the structure, pathogenicity and genetics of haemophilus ducreyi. | | 1988 | 3053917 |
| single-dose therapy of chancroid with trimethoprim-sulfametrole. | we conducted a randomized double-blind trial comparing a single dose of trimethoprim-sulfametrole (640 to 3200 mg) with five-day regimens of either trimethoprim-sulfametrole (160 to 800 mg twice daily) or trimethoprim alone (200 mg twice daily) for the treatment of men with chancroid. of 95 patients, 78 had cultures positive for hemophilus ducreyi. twenty-seven, 23, and 28 patients, respectively, were assigned to the single-dose trimethoprim-sulfametrole, the five-day trimethoprim-sulfametrole, ... | 1983 | 6343878 |
| chancroid. recent advances in treatment and control. | | 1986 | 3485081 |
| isolation and identification of haemophilus ducreyi in a clinical laboratory. | routine procedures used to isolate haemophilus ducreyi in a busy laboratory are reported. identification was based on colony morphology and nutritional and biochemical properties of 120 fresh isolates of h. ducreyi. these isolates grew very well on gonococcal agar and mueller-hinton agar incubated at 34 degrees c in candle extinction jars containing moistened filter paper. colonies varied in size, giving a polymorphic appearance. they were smooth, dome-shaped, and buff-yellow to grey in colour, ... | 1986 | 3489097 |
| immunoblot analysis of antigens associated with haemophilus ducreyi using serum from immunised rabbits. | sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting were used to characterise isolates of haemophilus ducreyi. isolates of h ducreyi were heterogeneous in protein composition, but isolates from single outbreaks appeared similar both in protein profiles and antigenic analysis. rabbits immunised with h ducreyi responded with a vigorous humoral immune response in which multiple antigenic polypeptides were detected. the most prominent antigens had molecular masses of 67, 42 ... | 1986 | 3490427 |
| haemophilus ducreyi infection in south florida: a rare disease on the rise? | increased numbers of patients with genital ulcers sought medical attention in the palm beach county, florida, sexually transmitted disease clinics from aug 1, 1982 to aug 31, 1983. we established that a small proportion of subsequent cases of genital ulcers were caused by haemophilus ducreyi, the etiologic agent associated with chancroid. we also set up a surveillance system to monitor this sexually transmitted infection, and have illuminated several recent cases of chancroid occurring in that a ... | 1987 | 3492766 |
| common beta-lactamase-specifying plasmid in haemophilus ducreyi and neisseria gonorrhoeae. | eighty-nine strains of haemophilus ducreyi from a chancroid epidemic in orange county, california, were examined for plasmid content. seventy-eight (88%) of these isolates were found to contain a plasmid of 3.2 megadaltons which conferred beta-lactamase production. restriction endonuclease digests indicated that this was the same plasmid that was found in some strains of beta-lactamase-producing neisseria gonorrhoeae. | 1984 | 6424563 |
| the plasmids of haemophilus ducreyi. | | 1984 | 6440883 |
| sexually transmittable diseases and other genital infections during adolescence. | sexually transmitted (std), diseases in which sexual contact is epidemiologically important but not the only mode of acquisition, will continueto increase in incidence unless effective control strategies can be applied. the recent increase in incidence has been due, in part, to increased levels of sexual activity among young people. focus in this discussion is on the epidemiology of std, the importance of an accurate sexual history in the diagnosis of std, gonorrhea, syphilis, nongonococcal ur ... | 1984 | 6547744 |
| relationship between lipopolysaccharide composition and virulence of haemophilus ducreyi. | the relationship between lipopolysaccharide (lps) composition and virulence of haemophilus ducreyi strains was investigated. glycoses identified in lps by gas-liquid chromatography were glucose, galactose, and their amino derivatives glucosamine and galactosamine. fucose was found in trace amounts but mannose and rhamnose, characteristic of the o-side chain of lps in many species, were not detected. qualitatively, the lps composition of the eight strains examined was similar and differences were ... | 1987 | 3494128 |
| comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of fifty-seven strains of haemophilus ducreyi isolated in amsterdam from 1978 to 1985. | the in-vitro activities of 16 antimicrobial agents were tested against 57 strains of haemophilus ducreyi isolated in amsterdam during an eight year period. the susceptibility patterns of the isolates from different years were compared. in the first four years more than 30% were beta-lactamase negative and showed mics for tetracycline of 2 mg/l or less. from 1982 to 1985 all strains, except one, produced beta-lactamase and were tetracycline resistant. furthermore, mics for cefotaxime, sulphametho ... | 1987 | 3494720 |
| in-vitro susceptibility of thirty strains of haemophilus ducreyi to several antibiotics including six cephalosporins. | we have studied the in-vitro susceptibility of 30 strains of haemophilus ducreyi to 22 antibacterial agents. twenty-seven strains produced a beta-lactamase that had an isoelectric point similar to the isoelectric point of the tem 1 type beta-lactamase produced by psf 2124. except for cefamandole, the 30 strains had similar susceptibilities to the different cephalosporins, cefotaxime being the most active compound. twenty-two isolates were resistant to tetracycline and doxycycline; minimal inhibi ... | 1983 | 6601649 |
| selenium and the growth of haemophilus ducreyi. | one of the growth media in current use for haemophilus ducreyi comprises mueller hinton agar, chocolatised horse blood, serum and isovitalex (bbl). for a better understanding of growth factors, attempts were made to simplify this complex medium. the horse blood was replaced by haemin (200 micrograms/ml), the serum by albumin (0.2%), and isovitalex was substituted only by l-glutamine 0.01%. most of the strains grew, but when selenium ions were added in a concentration of 3.25 x 10(-3) micrograms/ ... | 1987 | 3500188 |
| the treatment of chancroid. | since the treatment of chancroid was reviewed in 1982, the results of subsequent treatment trials have offered the clinician additional therapeutic choices as well as shorter courses of therapy. erythromycin (500 mg four times a day for seven days) provides consistently effective treatment for cases acquired throughout the world, although erythromycin-resistant strains have been isolated in singapore. sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (800 mg/160 mg orally twice a day for seven days), ceftriaxon ... | 1986 | 3512872 |
| treatment of chancroid with erythromycin. a clinical and microbiological appraisal. | one hundred and thirty seven patients presenting with genital ulcerations from which haemophilus ducreyi was isolated were treated with erythromycin stearate 500 mg every six hours for seven days. of these, 91 (66%) had associated inguinal lymphadenopathy. only two of the 100 patients who returned after one week showed no clinical improvement. despite decrease in size h ducreyi was reisolated from the ulcers of three patients, two of whom had not complied with treatment. the patients were treate ... | 1983 | 6603249 |
| use of dot-immunobinding and immunofluorescence assays to investigate clinically suspected cases of chancroid. | in 1984 and 1985, outbreaks of genital ulcers occurred in florida and new york. initial investigations for syphilis, herpes simplex, chlamydia trachomatis, and haemophilus ducreyi did not implicate any of these organisms as etiologic agents. from the results of dot-immunobinding assays, we found that sera from the patients had higher levels of igm (30 [47.6%] of 63 patients) and igg (22 [34.9%] of 63 patients) reactivities with an outer-membrane preparation from h. ducreyi strain cip542 than wit ... | 1986 | 3517183 |
| susceptibility of 40 haemophilus ducreyi strains to 34 antimicrobial products. | a study was performed to examine compounds that might improve the selectivity of the primary isolation medium for haemophilus ducreyi. the susceptibility of 40 h. ducreyi strains to 34 antimicrobial agents, including 10 antibiotics, 3 quaternary ammonium compounds, 3 phenolic derivatives, 3 acridines, and 15 heavy metal compounds, was investigated by using an agar plate dilution technique. results were compared with the susceptibilities of other gram-negative rods which may be contaminants on is ... | 1983 | 6606394 |
| chancroid in nigeria. | the present paper records the incidence of chancroid in northern nigeria. out of 776 new patients registered at the special treatment clinic (stc) of the ahmadu bello university teaching hospital (abuth) zaria during february to august 1982, 34 cases (4.38%) were diagnosed as chancroid. direct smear examination for haemophilus ducreyi was positive in 33 cases and bacterial bodies devoid of cell wall (probably l-forms of h. ducreyi) were demonstrated in one. culture for h. ducreyi was positive in ... | 1983 | 6606880 |
| virulence factors of haemophilus ducreyi. | we investigated the susceptibility of virulent and avirulent strains of haemophilus ducreyi to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum and to phagocytosis and killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl). strains were defined as virulent if intradermal inoculation into a rabbit produced a typical necrotic lesion. nonvirulent strains produced no cutaneous lesions in rabbits. virulent strains were resistant to the complement-mediated lethal action of normal human and rabbit sera, w ... | 1984 | 6607219 |
| laboratory diagnosis of chancroid in nairobi, kenya. | | 1986 | 3533507 |
| comparison of media for the primary isolation of haemophilus ducreyi. | the rates of isolation of haemophilus ducreyi from patients with presumed chancroid has been low, and improved cultural techniques are required. we determined the isolation rates of h. ducreyi from 38 patients with clinical chancroid and compared gonococcal agar supplemented with bovine hemoglobin to mueller-hinton agar supplemented with chocolated horse blood, each with and without 5% fetal calf serum. the rate of isolation and the qualitative and quantitative growth of strains was best on gono ... | 1984 | 6608798 |
| single-dose ceftriaxone for chancroid. | men with genital ulcers that were culture positive for haemophilus ducreyi were treated with intramuscular ceftriaxone and randomized to three different dose regimens. all but 1 of 50 men treated with 1 g of intramuscular ceftriaxone were cured. similarly, 0.5 and 0.25 g cured 43 of 44 men and 37 of 38 men, respectively. a single dose of 250 mg of intramuscular ceftriaxone is an effective treatment for chancroid. | 1987 | 3566241 |
| role of lipopolysaccharide and complement in susceptibility of haemophilus ducreyi to human serum. | the role of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in the susceptibility of haemophilus ducreyi to human serum and the mechanism of complement activation by serum-susceptible (sers) strains were investigated. serum treated with 2 mm mg2+ and 20 mm ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid was nonbactericidal, but inulin-treated serum remained bactericidal. absorption of serum with heat-killed whole cells of an sers strain removed its bactericidal activity against the absorbing stra ... | 1985 | 3876995 |
| clinical and microbiologic studies of genital ulcers in kenyan women. | the etiology of genital ulcers in women in tropical regions is poorly understood. eighty-nine women, presenting to a sexually transmitted disease clinic in nairobi (kenya) with a primary complaint of genital ulcers, were evaluated prospectively in a clinical and laboratory study. a final etiologic diagnosis was possible for 60 (67%) of the women. culture for haemophilus ducreyi was positive for 43 women, eight had secondary syphilis with ulcerated condyloma latum, three had primary syphilis, one ... | 1985 | 3878601 |
| plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance in haemophilus ducreyi. | clinical isolates of haemophilus ducreyi were shown to be resistant to tetracycline. resistance was associated in some strains with a 30-megadalton plasmid capable of transferring resistance in conjugative matings with other strains of h. ducreyi and other species of haemophilus. restriction endonuclease digestion patterns suggest a relationship between h. ducreyi plasmids and other tetracycline resistance plasmids in haemophilus. the presence of plasmid-mediated resistance to the tetracyclines ... | 1984 | 6324665 |
| isolation of haemophilus species from the genital tract. | haemophilus influenzae was isolated from the urethra of three of 85 men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. these isolates of h. influenzae were nonencapsulated; one was biotype iii, and two were biotype iv. haemophilus parainfluenzae was isolated from the urethra or coronal sulcus of five men; three isolates were biotype ii, and two were biotype iii. neither h. influenzae nor h. parainfluenzae was isolated from the genital secretions of 84 women. haemophilus ducreyi and haemophilu ... | 1983 | 6658630 |
| identification of haemophilus ducreyi in the clinical laboratory. | some of the characteristics of 42 clinical isolates of haemophilus ducreyi are reported. only six of the 42 strains were able to grow on horse-blood agar. all strains gave a positive oxidase test with tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine and a negative result with dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine. all of 15 test strains were negative in the porphyrin test. tests for haemin requirement were inconclusive because of difficulties encountered in obtaining growth on a basal medium. | 1982 | 6754945 |
| the recognition of haemophilus ducreyi as the cause of soft chancre. | | 1982 | 6765563 |
| rapid detection of haemophilus ducreyi in clinical and experimental infections using monoclonal antibody: a preliminary evaluation. | a monoclonal antibody raised against haemophilus ducreyi was tested for its sensitivity and specificity as an immunofluorescence (if) reagent using simulated vaginal smears containing h. ducreyi, smears taken from skin lesions of mice infected with h. ducreyi and patients from south africa, thailand and malaysia with clinically diagnosed chancroid. the if test was more sensitive than culture or gram staining in the simulated smears, theoretically detecting less than 4 organisms/sample. it detect ... | 1989 | 2693334 |
| clinical efficacy of antimicrobial therapy in haemophilus ducreyi infections. | ulcerative genital disease in the united states is commonly due to herpes simplex or syphilis. until recently, chancroid, an infection caused by the gram-negative streptobacillus haemophilus ducreyi, was infrequently diagnosed. continuing immigration, however, has reintroduced the disease into this country, and urban outbreaks have been associated with contact with infected prostitutes. extensive resistance has made previous antimicrobial agents ineffective. evaluations of multiple antibiotics a ... | 1989 | 2679402 |
| infections due to haemophilus species other than h. influenzae. | | 1982 | 6816135 |
| [strain of haemophilus ducreyi producing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase]. | | 1982 | 6816403 |
| tem-type beta-lactamase production in haemophilus ducreyi. | a tna-containing 6.0-megadalton plasmid (pjb1) isolated from haemophilus ducreyi was shown to code for a beta-lactamase similar to the tem-1-type beta-lactamase originating from the ampicillin transposon tn2. | 1980 | 6967297 |
| [involuntary in vivo evidence for penicillin resistance of streptobacillus haemophilus ducrey]. | | 1980 | 6967657 |
| enzymic activity of haemophilus ducreyi. | the enzymic activity of 29 haemophilus ducreyi strains on 28 substrates is described. the results are compared with those of seven other authors. there is agreement only about the presence of alkaline phosphatase and arginine aminopeptidase and the lack of glycosidases. possible reasons for the contradictions in the eight reports are discussed. | 1984 | 6333510 |
| epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic features of an urban outbreak of chancroid in north america. | an epidemic of 135 cases of chancroid occurred in winnipeg, manitoba, canada, from july 1975 to september 1977. probable contributing factors for development of chancroid lesions included male sex, lack of circumcision, and genital trauma. a previous history of venereal disease, sexual contact with a person from a bar or hotel in the core city area, unemployment, alcoholism, american indian or métis (mixed american indian and caucasian) race, and unstable domestic relationships were often access ... | 1980 | 6971469 |
| isolation and identification of haemophilus ducreyi in a clinical study. | seventeen strains of haemophilus ducreyi were isolated from genital lesions which were negative for syphilis by dark-field examination. media used for primary isolation at various times during the study were enriched chocolate agar, chocolate agar plus vancomycin (3 microgram/ml), rabbit blood agar plus vancomycin (3 micrograms/ml), fetal bovine serum agar, and fetal bovine serum agar plus vancomycin (3 micrograms/ml). h. ducreyi was isolated on chocolate agar plus vancomycin from 10 of 14 patie ... | 1980 | 6971872 |
| molecular epidemiology of haemophilus ducreyi infections. | haemophilus ducreyi was isolated with an enriched chocolate agar containing vancomycin from seven patients with clinical evidence of chancroid. four cases were imported from outside the united states; the other three cases were acquired in the united states from one of the imported cases. all strains of h. ducreyi contained ampicillin-resistance plasmids with molecular weights of 7.3, 5.7, or 3.6 megadaltons. plasmid molecular weights were identical for isolates from the epidemiologically linked ... | 1981 | 6973943 |
| cefotaxime treatment of haemophilus ducreyi infection in kenya. | the authors conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing single-dose cefotaxime (1 g im) plus daily placebo injections with cefotaxime (1 g im on each of three days). each regimen was given with probenicid (1 g orally) for the treatment of chancroid. twenty haemophilus ducreyi culture-positive men received the single-dose cefotaxime regimen; in eight patients ulcers or buboes failed to respond to therapy. nineteen h. ducreyi culture-positive men received cefotaxime on each of thr ... | 1984 | 6098034 |
| treatment of chancroid by clavulanic acid with amoxycillin in patients with beta-lactamase-positive haemophilus ducreyi infection. | multiresistant strains of haemophilus ducreyi, the aetiological agent of chancroid, are prevalent in nairobi, kenya, where tetracyclines and sulphonamides are no longer very effective in the treatment of chancroid. the following regimens (given three times daily for seven days) were compared in a double-blind randomised trial--amoxycillin 500 mg, amoxycillin 500 mg and clavulanic acid 125 mg, and amoxycillin 500 mg and clavulanic acid 250 mg. 68 of 100 ulcers were culture-positive for h. ducreyi ... | 1982 | 6125676 |
| chancroid in sheffield. a report of 22 cases diagnosed by isolating haemophilus ducreyi in a modified medium. | the causative organism of chancroid, haemophilus ducreyi, is generally considered to be very fastidious and its isolation, maintenance, and detailed study very demanding. in this study a modified medium was developed, which allowed the organism to be isolated more frequently than previously would have been expected. twenty-two cases of chancroid were confirmed by the isolation of h ducreyi in 160 patients with genital ulceration examined over a one-year period. the cases were apparently unrelate ... | 1981 | 6976815 |
| isolation of haemophilus ducreyi from the conjunctiva. | | 1982 | 6978165 |
| chancroid: diagnosis and treatment. | | 1982 | 6978893 |
| characteristics of haemophilus ducreyi. a study. | in a study of 13 local and four reference strains of haemophilus ducreyi all grew well on a selective medium consisting of bacto proteose no 3 agar (difco), soluble starch, isovitalex, human blood, and vancomycin. all the strains reduced nitrate, were alkaline-phosphatase-positive, and (with one exception) used glucose, fructose, and mannose, beta-lactamase was produced by 12 local strains. erythromycin was the the most effective antibiotic tested, followed by streptomycin, co-trimoxazole, and s ... | 1982 | 6980682 |
| characterisation of an unusual bacterium isolated from genital ulcers. | the preliminary characterisation of an unusual gram-negative bacillus isolated from genital ulcers in swaziland is reported. like haemophilus ducreyi, it is an oxidase positive, nitrate-reductase-positive gram-negative rod that forms streptobacillary chains in some circumstances; it was therefore called the "ducreyi-like bacterium" (dlb). distinguishing features of dlb are production of alpha-haemolysis on horse-blood agar, stimulation of growth by a microaerophilic atmosphere and by a factor pr ... | 1982 | 6982973 |
| detection of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) activity in a strain of haemophilus ducreyi. | the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of chloramphenicol for a clinical isolate of haemophilus ducreyi, strain ceb-10, was 16 micrograms/ml. this strain was also resistant to tetracycline (mic = 64 micrograms/ml) and ampicillin. the presence of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) activity was demonstrated. | 1982 | 6983323 |
| bacteriological study of chancroid. | | 1982 | 6983497 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of 103 strains of haemophilus ducreyi isolated in johannesburg. | of 103 strains of haemophilus ducreyi isolated in johannesburg, 96 produced beta-lactamase and were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. most strains showed resistance to tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and sulfamethoxazole. all isolates were susceptible to rifampin, erythromycin, and cefoxitin, moderately susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1:19) and minocycline, and somewhat less susceptible to doxycycline. | 1982 | 6983858 |
| plasmid-coded ampicillin resistance in haemophilus ducreyi. | seven of the 96 ampicillin-resistant isolates of haemophilus ducreyi reported in the preceding article (bilgeri et al., antimicrob. agents chemother. 22:686-688, 1982) were investigated and found to harbor plasmids of 3.95, 5.2, 5.8, and 6.4 megadaltons. all except the 5.8-megadalton plasmid have been shown to code for beta-lactamase. the 6.4- and 5.2-megadalton plasmids of three isolates were conjugally transferable to a streptomycin-resistant mutant of h. ducreyi at high frequencies, perhaps d ... | 1982 | 6983859 |
| pathogenic microbial flora of genital ulcers in sheffield with particular reference to herpes simplex virus and haemophilus ducreyi. | the pathogenic microbial flora of genital ulcers in 161 (80 men and 81 women) unselected patients was studied prospectively. in only one case was treponema pallidum responsible whereas herpes simplex virus was considered to be the cause of 130 (80.8%) genital ulcers. h ducreyi was isolated from 46 (28.6%) patients, most commonly as a secondary pathogen in herpetic lesions. two or more pathogens were isolated from the ulcers in 67 (41.6%) patients, and in 21 (13%) patients no pathogens were isola ... | 1982 | 6293639 |
| thiamphenicol in the treatment of chancroid in men. | fifty-five men were treated for culture-positive chancroid with two 2.5-g doses of thiamphenicol given on each of two consecutive days. forty-nine patients (89.1%) were cured on this regimen. no adverse effects were noted. cultured strains of haemophilus ducreyi were found to be sensitive to thiamphenicol. | 1984 | 6335300 |
| identification of haemophilus ducreyi. | | 1981 | 7018398 |
| isolation of haemophilus ducreyi from a chancroid in papua new guinea. | haemophilus ducreyi was isolated from a patient who presented with a genital ulcer at the port moresby clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. this provides documentation for the occurrence of chancroid in papua new guinea. the differentiation of this disease from donovanosis is discussed. | 1983 | 6336300 |
| isolation of haemophilus ducreyi from patients with chancroid in auckland. | | 1982 | 7050782 |
| haemophilus ducreyi infections--time for reappraisal. | as the literature on haemophilus ducreyi and clinical chancroid is reviewed, it becomes obvious that many significant findings have been forgotten over the years. as a result, from the time of ducrey's original description of the organism in 1890 until about 1977, both clinical and laboratory experts in the united kingdom believed that h. ducreyi infections were rare, generally acquired abroad, and almost impossible to confirm in the routine laboratory! in consequence it was a common view that i ... | 1982 | 7153512 |
| incision and drainage versus aspiration of fluctuant buboes in the emergency department during an epidemic of chancroid. | to compare outcomes of incision and drainage with packing to needle aspiration of purulent buboes in patients with presumed chancroid. the safety and efficacy of incision and drainage were compared with that of needle aspiration. | 1995 | 7482103 |
| bacterial [cu,zn]-superoxide dismutase: phylogenetically distinct from the eukaryotic enzyme, and not so rare after all! | copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutases ([cu,zn]-sods) are generally considered almost exclusively eukaryotic enzymes, protecting the cytosol and extracellular compartments of higher organisms from damage by oxygen free-radicals. the recent description of a few examples of bacterial forms of the enzyme, located in the periplasm of different gram-negative micro-organisms, prompted a re-evaluation of this general perception. a pcr-based approach has been developed and used successfully t ... | 1995 | 7496539 |
| simplified pcr for detection of haemophilus ducreyi and diagnosis of chancroid. | a simplified pcr was developed for detection of haemophilus ducreyi in samples from chancroid patients. the strategy included a straightforward chloroform extraction sample preparation method, a one-tube nested pcr to minimize contamination risks, and a colorimetric method for detection of products. primers were designed from published nucleotide sequences of the 16s rrna gene of h. ducreyi, with longer outer primers for annealing at a higher temperature and shorter inner primers labelled with b ... | 1995 | 7540625 |
| chancroid: new developments in an old disease. | | 1995 | 7546365 |
| chancroid and haemophilus ducreyi: an update. | haemophilus ducreyi is a fastidious gram-negative bacillus that causes the sexually transmitted infection chancroid. chancroid is a major genital ulcerative disease in africa, southeast asia, the caribbean, and latin america and is of increasing concern in the united states. genital ulcerative disease and chancroid in particular have been associated with facilitating the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. the diagnosis of chancroid based on the clinical appearance of the genital lesio ... | 1995 | 7553570 |
| detection of haemophilus ducreyi lipooligosaccharide by means of an immunolimulus assay. | a murine monoclonal antibody (mab) directed against a surface-exposed epitope of the lipooligosaccharide (los) of haemophilus ducreyi strain 35000 was shown to be reactive with all 37 strains of this pathogen tested in a colony blot-radioimmunoassay. the los epitope bound by this mab appeared to be stably expressed by h. ducreyi growing in vitro. the use of this mab in the immunolimulus system revealed that it could detect purified h. ducreyi los at a level of 25 pg/ml. similarly, this immunolim ... | 1995 | 7561133 |
| in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from hiv- and hiv+ chancroid patients by haemophilus ducreyi antigens. | the cellular immune responses to fractionated haemophilus ducreyi antigens, coated on latex beads, were assessed in patients with chancroid and in controls, using an in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay. several fractions of h. ducreyi antigen revealed stimulating activity. however, only the molecular size ranges 91-78 kd, 59-29 kd, and 25-21 kd induced proliferation that may be specifically related to h. ducreyi infection. lymphocytes from four hiv- patients, successfully treated for chancro ... | 1995 | 7586673 |
| treatment of chancroid. a comparison of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. | since sulphonamides are no longer predictably effective in the treatment of chancroid the combination of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx) was evaluated to identify other effective regimens. one hundred and nine patients with genital ulcers (75 men and 34 women) seen at the special treatment clinic in nairobi, kenya, were randomly assigned to treatment with a seven day course of either sulphamethoxazole 1000 mg twice daily or trimethoprim (160 mg)-sulphamethoxazole (800 mg) (tmp-smx) twic ... | 1983 | 6351957 |
| characterization of the hemolytic activity of haemophilus ducreyi. | h. ducreyi is the causative agent of chancroid, a genital ulcer disease most prevalent in developing countries. chancroid enhances the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and is identified in focal outbreaks in the united states, but little is known about its pathogenesis. we studied the hemolysin produced by h. ducreyi because this molecule might be an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of chancroid. ten strains of h. ducreyi were tested on newly devised blood ... | 1995 | 7591078 |
| the enzymatic profile of haemophilus ducreyi. | the enzymatic activities of two reference strains of haemophilus ducreyi and thirty clinical isolates were investigated by conventional biochemical tests and the api-zym test kit system which included 97 synthetic substrates. no strains converted delta-aminolevulinic acid to porphyrins, but they all reduced nitrates to nitrites. all strains possessed aminopeptidase activity against beta-naphthylamide derivatives of l-alanine, l-arginine, l-glutamine, glycine, l-leucine, l-lysine and l-serine. no ... | 1982 | 6299156 |
| chancroid detected by polymerase chain reaction--jackson, mississippi, 1994-1995. | chancroid is a sexually transmitted disease (std) caused by infection with haemophilus ducreyi and is characterized by genital ulceration. chancroid is underreported in the united states (1), reflecting, in part, difficulties in diagnosis because of clinical similarities between chancroid and other ulcerative stds. in addition, laboratory confirmation by culture is 53%-84% sensitive and often is unavailable in clinical settings (2). in september 1994, clinicians at the district v std clinic of t ... | 1995 | 7616954 |
| a system for generalized mutagenesis of haemophilus ducreyi. | the lack of a generalized mutagenesis system for haemophilus ducreyi has hampered efforts to identify virulence factors expressed by this sexually transmitted pathogen. to address this issue, the transposable element tn1545-delta 3, which encodes resistance to kanamycin, was evaluated for its ability to insert randomly into the h. ducreyi chromosome and produce stable, isogenic mutants. electroporation of h. ducreyi with 1 microgram of plasmid pms1 carrying tn1545-delta 3 resulted in the product ... | 1995 | 7622219 |
| swine model of haemophilus ducreyi infection. | haemophilus ducreyi is a strict human pathogen that causes sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease. we infected domestic swine with h. ducreyi 35000, resulting in the development of cutaneous ulcers histologically resembling human chancroid lesions. intraepidermal lesions progressed from pustules to ulcers containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes and were accompanied by a dermal inflammatory infiltrate containing t cells and macrophages. h. ducreyi was recovered from lesions up to 17 days afte ... | 1995 | 7622236 |
| chancroid epidemiology in new orleans men. | epidemiologic, clinical, and microbiologic data were collected from 299 men with nonsyphilitic genital ulcer disease. one hundred eighteen (39%) were culture-positive for haemophilus ducreyi, 57 (19%) were culture-positive for herpes simplex virus, and 124 (41%) were culture-negative. patients with chancroid were significantly more likely than those with genital herpes to have been frequent users of alcohol (44% vs. 23%, p = .006). they were also more likely recently to have used cocaine (25% vs ... | 1995 | 7622888 |
| antimicrobial therapy of chancroid: effectiveness of erythromycin. | the emergence of haemophilus ducreyi resistant to multiple antibiotics has limited the effectiveness of sulfonamides and tetracycline for the therapy of chancroid. a randomized, double-blind study compared 10-day courses of erythromycin base (500 mg) and rosaramicin (250 mg) each given four times daily for the treatment of men with chancroid in nairobi, kenya. of 99 evaluable patients, 84 were positive for h ducreyi. h ducreyi-positive genital ulcers in men treated with either drug resolved with ... | 1983 | 6355314 |
| structural studies of lipooligosaccharides from haemophilus ducreyi itm 5535, itm 3147, and a fresh clinical isolate, acy1: evidence for intrastrain heterogeneity with the production of mutually exclusive sialylated or elongated glycoforms. | the structures of the lipooligosaccharides (loss) from haemophilus ducreyi itm 5535 and itm 3147 and a fresh clinical isolate, acy1, have been investigated. oligosaccharides were obtained from phenol-water-extracted los by mild acid hydrolysis and were studied by methylation analysis, fast atom bombardment and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the major oligosaccharide obtained from all strains was a nonasaccharide with the structure beta-d-g ... | 1995 | 7665520 |
| a quantitative chemiluminescent ribosomal probe method for monitoring adherence of haemophilus ducreyi to eukaryotic cells. | this study evaluated a commercially available chemiluminescent-labelled, ribosomal rna-directed dna probe (crp) as a method to quantitate attachment of h. ducreyi to human foreskin fibroblast (hff) cells. evaluation of four strains of h. ducreyi demonstrated that the crp assay was unaffected by eukaryotic cells and its advantages were: (i) quantitation was done after attachment so it did not interfere with the attachment process, and (ii) it was a rapid, reliable method for quantitating bound ba ... | 1994 | 7700133 |
| use of tissue culture and animal models to identify virulence-associated traits of haemophilus ducreyi. | to identify virulence-associated properties of haemophilus ducreyi, 34 strains of this sexually transmitted pathogen were evaluated for in vitro phenotypic characteristics of potential relevance to chancroid pathogenesis and for their ability to produce lesions in the temperature-dependent animal model for chancroid. of the 34 strains tested, all but three produced a cytopathic effect on human foreskin fibroblasts (hff) and all but six strains formed large microcolonies on hff monolayers. a subs ... | 1995 | 7729882 |
| inducible immunity with a pilus preparation booster vaccination in an animal model of haemophilus ducreyi infection and disease. | using the temperature-dependent rabbit model of haemophilus ducreyi infection as a quantitative virulence assay, we tested the abilities of two bacterial antigen preparations to induce protection against subsequent infection and disease. lipooligosaccharide (los) and a pilus preparation were purified from h. ducreyi 35000 and were used in a booster immunization procedure. the serologic response to each immunogen was monitored by enzyme immunoassay. h. ducreyi virulence was assayed by intraepithe ... | 1995 | 7729916 |
| characterization of the hgba locus encoding a hemoglobin receptor from haemophilus ducreyi. | haemophilus ducreyi can bind hemoglobin and use it as a source of heme, for which it has an obligate requirement. we previously identified and purified hgba, a hemoglobin-binding outer membrane protein from h. ducreyi. in this report, we describe the molecular cloning, expression, dna sequence, and mutagenesis of the structural gene for hgba, hgba. h. ducreyi and recombinant escherichia coli expressing hgba bound [125i]hemoglobin, establishing hgba as a receptor. insertions or deletions in the c ... | 1995 | 7768598 |
| haemophilus ducreyi: pathogenesis and protective immunity. | haemophilus ducreyi is the etiological agent of chancroid, a sexually transmitted disease that is common in developing countries and that has characteristic genital mucocutaneous lesions. the adherence and growth of bacteria on the surface of eukaryotic cells, and the production of cytotoxin(s) result in cell damage that may be responsible for the development of ulcers. the mechanisms for protective immunity in chancroid are unclear, but both humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms may be involved. | 1995 | 7773593 |
| serum bactericidal activity and phagocytosis in host defence against haemophilus ducreyi. | serum bactericidal activity and phagocytic killing are two important mechanisms involved in the host defence against bacteria. using some in vitro methods, serum bactericidal assay, phagocytic killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) and chemiluminescence, we have evaluated the significance of these mechanisms in the killing of haemophilus ducreyi bacteria. furthermore, induction of c3 conversion and deposition of immunoglobulins, c1q and c3, on the surface of bacteria was studied by crosse ... | 1995 | 7783597 |
| amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate, a beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotic combination. | the chemistry, microbiology, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, adverse effects, and dosage of amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate, a beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotic combination, are reviewed. clavulanic acid is a "suicide" inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has been effective in preventing destruction of penicillins by these enzymes. clavulanic acid alone has weak antibacterial activity against most organisms. after oral administration, clavulanic acid is rapidly absorbed; amox ... | 1984 | 6391783 |
| oropharyngeal haemophilus ducreyi infection. | | 1983 | 6411268 |
| failure of treatment for chancroid in rwanda is not related to human immunodeficiency virus infection: in vitro resistance of haemophilus ducreyi to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | a comparative open study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of single doses of ciprofloxacin (500 mg) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz; 640 mg/3,200 mg) for the treatment of culture-proven chancroid. clinical cure or improvement was observed 7 days after treatment in 32 (76.2%) of the 42 patients who received ciprofloxacin and 21 (52.5%) of the 40 patients who received tmp-smz (p = .04). cultures for one (4.5%) of 22 patients not cured with ciprofloxacin and 16 (59.3%) of 27 patien ... | 1995 | 7795096 |
| isolation of haemophilus ducreyi from genital ulcerations in white men in johannesburg. | an analysis of sexually acquired genital ulcerations in 31 white patients who were examined microbiologically in johannesburg showed haemophilus ducreyi to be the causative agent in 23 (74%), whereas syphilis was the confirmed diagnosis in only 6 (19%). all the h. ducreyi isolates produced beta-lactamase. previously, chancroid was considered to be an infrequent cause of genital ulceration in this population group. unlike those with syphilitic ulceration, patients with chancroid usually do not re ... | 1983 | 6600526 |
| treatment of chancroid. | | 1983 | 6600752 |
| antimicrobial therapy of chancroid: an evaluation of five treatment regimens correlated with in vitro sensitivity. | one hundred fifty-one men with genital ulcer disease were assigned randomly to treatment with one of five oral antimicrobial regimens: (1) sulfadimidine (1 g four times daily for seven days); (2) tetracycline (500 mg four times daily for seven days); (3) trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz; 160 mg of tmp and 800 mg of smz twice daily for seven days); (4) doxycycline (300 mg as a single dose); or (5) tmp-sulfametrole (640 mg of tmp and 3,200 mg of sulfametrole once as a single dose). haemophil ... | 1983 | 6601847 |
| seroprevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in a rural ugandan population. | the aim of the study was to determine in a rural population the age- and sex-specific prevalence and incidence rates of serological reactivity of 5 common sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and their association with hiv-1 antibody status. of the adult population of two villages (529 adults aged 15 years or more) 294 provided an adequate blood specimen both on enrollment and at 12 months. the sera were tested at 3 collaborating laboratories for antibodies against hiv-1, treponema pallidum, hae ... | 1994 | 7819350 |
| teenage obstetric and gynaecological problems in an african city. | to measure the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (std), pelvic inflammatory disease (pid), cervical cancer, pregnancy and use of contraception in teenagers, and to determine socioeconomic factors associated with these conditions to aid planners of medical services and promotion of sexual health. | 1994 | 7834712 |
| sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus control in malawi: a field study of genital ulcer disease. | men with genital ulcer disease (gud) attending a clinic in malawi were evaluated and treated with one of five drug regimens. haemophilus ducreyi was isolated from 204 (26.2%) of 778 patients. of 677 men, 198 (29.2%) had treponemes detected in ulcer material by direct immunofluorescence or had rapid plasma reagin reactivity of > or = 1:8. human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroprevalence was 58.9% overall and 75.8% among patients reporting a history of gud (p < .001). by logistic regress ... | 1995 | 7844388 |
| an analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of the haemophilus ducreyi broad-host-range plasmid pls88. | we present an analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of pls88, a naturally occurring, 4.8-kb broad-host-range plasmid isolated from haemophilus ducreyi and encoding resistance to sulfonamides, streptomycin, and kanamycin. sequence analysis of the genes encoding sulfonamide and streptomycin resistance revealed homology to the rsf1010 sulii and stra genes. the sulii-stra intergenic region of pls88 has a 38-bp deletion identical to that of the rsf1010-like plasmid phd8.1, isolated from actino ... | 1994 | 7846148 |
| the isolation of h. ducreyi in singapore. | using an enriched medium, h. ducreyi was isolated from 56 out of 670 patients with penile ulcers (8.3%). their clinical, epidemiological characteristics and treatment responses to streptomycin, cotrimoxazole and other antimicrobial agents are analysed. 51% failed to respond to streptomycin. | 1983 | 6602583 |
| single-dose therapy with trimethoprim-sulfametrole for chancroid in females. | women with genital ulcer disease who were culture-positive for haemophilus ducreyi were treated with a single dose of the drug combination trimethoprim-sulfametrole; the dosage was 640 mg of trimethoprim and 3,200 mg of sulfametrole. all 27 women who were treated with this regimen and adequately followed were cured. thus a single dose of trimethoprim-sulfametrole appears to be an effective treatment regimen for women with chancroid in kenya. | 1986 | 3764627 |
| haemophilus ducreyi attaches to and invades human epithelial cells in vitro. | haemophilus ducreyi is a sexually transmitted pathogen that causes genital ulcers and inguinal adenopathy. because chancroidal ulcers are most commonly located on the foreskins of uncircumcised males, we utilized human foreskin epithelial cells (hfecs) to investigate the initial interaction of h. ducreyi with its host. the eight different strains of h. ducreyi that were studied varied in their abilities to attach to these epithelial cells, with six strains consistently attaching to > or = 90% of ... | 1994 | 7960145 |
| single dose azithromycin for the treatment of chancroid: a randomized comparison with erythromycin. | chancroid is endemic in sub-saharan africa and enhances the sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). azithromycin is an orally absorbed macrolide antibiotic that is active against haemophilus ducreyi, the causative agent of chancroid, and has pharmacokinetic properties that are suitable for single dosing. | 1994 | 7974076 |
| genital ulcers in kenya. clinical and laboratory study. | of 97 patients with genital ulcers attending a special treatment clinic in nairobi, kenya, 60 harboured haemophilus ducreyi, four herpes simplex virus, and five neisseria gonorrhoeae. eleven patients had serological evidence of syphilis; of these one case was confirmed by darkfield microscopy. in the remaining cases no aetiological agent was identified. an enriched chocolate agar with vancomycin and serum was a useful medium for primary isolation of h ducreyi. tetracycline was generally ineffect ... | 1981 | 6799142 |
| emergence of haemophilus ducreyi resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in rwanda. | the in vitro susceptibilities of 112 clinical isolates of haemophilus ducreyi to six antimicrobial agents were determined. these isolates were obtained in kigali, rwanda, during three studies on genital ulcer disease performed in 1986 (18 isolates), 1988 (23 isolates), and 1991 (71 isolates). all h. ducreyi isolates were susceptible to azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin; all isolates obtained in 1986 were also susceptible to trimethoprim and to the combination trimethopri ... | 1994 | 7979300 |
| clear broth and plate media for culture of haemophilus ducreyi. | using catalase as a source of heme, we have developed both clear plate and broth media for the growth of haemophilus ducreyi, the causative agent of chancroid. in the broth medium, the growth phase of the organism can be monitored and the organisms achieve a cell density of > 10(8) cfu/ml. | 1994 | 7989562 |
| isolation and cultivation of haemophilus ducreyi. | a useful method for isolating and recognizing haemophilus ducreyi from chancres and buboes of male patients is presented. a total of 41 clinical isolates of h. ducreyi were recovered from 33 patients over an 8-year period, and the experience with the 15 most recent isolates is presented in detail. chocolate agar supplemented with 1% iso vitalex and 5% sheep blood agar were prepared, using trypticase soy and mueller-hinton agar bases, and incubation conditions included ambient, capneic, and anaer ... | 1982 | 6802870 |
| identification of a hemolytic activity elaborated by haemophilus ducreyi. | haemophilus ducreyi is the causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease chancroid. we have identified a hemolytic activity expressed by h. ducreyi. this activity is most readily detected when horse erythrocytes are used as a target; however, low levels of activity can be detected with sheep, human, or rabbit erythrocyte targets. the activity is heat labile and protease sensitive. | 1994 | 8005696 |
| conjunctivitis due to haemophilus ducreyi infection. | | 1980 | 6969619 |
| [urethro-adnexitis in the man and acute urethral syndrome in the woman. microbiological and immunologic studies of etiologic classification]. | both common pathogens and unconventional, fastidious bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi are causative agents in male urethro-adnexitis and in female acute urethral syndrome. uropathogens, neisseria gonorrhoeae, treponema pallidum, mycobacterium tuberculosis, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma spp., haemophilus ducreyi, calymmatobacterium granulomatis, gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobic bacteria, herpes simplex virus type ii (hsv ii), papillomaviruses (hpv), trichomonas vaginalis and candida sp ... | 1994 | 8053087 |