| in vitro investigation of the indirect pathogenicity of beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms in the nasopharyngeal microflora. | nasopharyngeal microflora contains some beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms. in this study, we investigated in vitro on the indirect pathogenicities of haemophilus parainfluenzae (h. parainfluenzae) and moraxella catarrhalis (m. catarrhalis) against the antipneumococcul activities of some beta-lactams. | 2005 | 15763284 |
| intraspecies genetic variability of ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in commercial birds in peru. | strains of the bacterium ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ort), a causal agent of respiratory diseases in birds, were microbiologically isolated, identified, and molecularly characterized. blood-enriched culture media and biochemistry tests were used for microbiologic identification. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr (rep-pcr) techniques were used for molecular identification and characterization, respectively, of the microorganism. ort strains were isolat ... | 2005 | 15839422 |
| serotyping of avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from peru. | this study appears to represent the first serotyping study of 24 isolates of avibacterium paragallinarum obtained from different regions of peru during 1998-2008. all isolates were characterized as beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent. according to the page scheme, modified by blackall, it was found that eight isolates were classified as serogroup a, seven isolates as serogroup b, and five isolates as serogroup c, while four isolates could not be serotyped. further serotyping, follow ... | 2009 | 19848090 |
| analysis of the biosynthesis genes and chemical components of the capsule of avibacterium paragallinarum. | the aim of this study was to investigate biosynthesis genes and chemical components of the capsule of avibacterium paragallinarum. the sequence of a 10-kb region containing the capsule biosynthetic locus of av. paragallinarum was determined. two reference strains, i.e., 221 (serovar a) and h18 (serovar c), together with four taiwanese field strains (all serovar c) were sequenced. the results showed that there are two genotypes (i and ii) of the capsule biosynthetic locus in av. paragallinarum, a ... | 2010 | 20362405 |
| identification of avibacterium paragallinarum serovar b-1 from severe infectious coryza outbreaks in panama. | the isolation and identification of avibacterium paragallinarum serovar b-1 from severe infectious coryza outbreaks in broiler breeders in panama is reported for the first time. infectious coryza was absent for over a decade in the breeder farms area. disease outbreaks were characterized by an up to 45% drop in egg production and increased mortality. use of a commercial trivalent bacterin and a strengthened biosecurity program prevented outbreaks in susceptible flocks in the farm. | 2010 | 20945795 |
| protection conferred by bivalent and trivalent infectious coryza bacterins against prevalent serovars of avibacterium (haemophilus) paragallinarum in mexico. | the protection and level of hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies conferred in infectious coryza bivalent- and trivalent-immunized chickens against avibacterium (haemophilus) paragallinarum field isolates of the prevalent serovars in mexico (a-1, a-2, b-1, and c-2) were investigated. the bivalent bacterin (a-1 and c-1) conferred significant protection and increased hi antibodies against isolates of serovars a-1, a-2, and c-2, but not against a serovar b-1 isolate. the trivalent bacterin (a ... | 2005 | 16405004 |
| evaluation of the protection conferred by a disinfectant against clinical disease caused by avibacterium paragallinarum serovars a, b, and c from argentina. | this work evaluates the efficiency of the administration of the disinfectant n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (timsen) in the prevention of the horizontal transmission of serovars a, b, and c of avibacterium paragallinarum, the causative agent of avian infectious coryza. this disinfectant was administered in drinking water (50 ppm) and once or twice per day by coarse spray (800 ppm, 8 ml per m3 during 3 seconds). in three trials conducted with vaccinated birds, the disinfectant reduced ... | 2005 | 16405005 |
| recombinant proteins containing the hypervariable region of the haemagglutinin protect chickens against challenge with avibacterium paragallinarum. | the haemagglutinin (ha) protein plays a key role in the immunogenicity and pathogenicity of avibacterium paragallinarum, but the domain organization and antigenicity exhibited by different domains of this protein remain unknown. this study reports the presence of a hypervariable region in the ha proteins of strains of serovars a and c of a. paragallinarum. this hypervariable region is located approximately at residues 1100-1600 of the ha protein. the sequence identity found in this hypervariable ... | 2010 | 21115052 |
| infectious coryza in chickens in great britain. | | 2010 | 21262677 |
| vaccination of one-day-old broiler chicks against infectious coryza. | in order to evaluate the protection conferred by an experimental inactivated vaccine against infectious coryza, three challenge trials were undertaken using 112 1-day-old broilers. the vaccine "hepa inmuno nc" included bacterial antigens of avibacterium paragallinarum (serogroups a, b, variant b, and c) as well as antigens of newcastle virus and hepatitis virus. fifty-six broiler chicks were vaccinated at the first day of life at the hatchery while another 56 chicks were left unvaccinated. three ... | 2011 | 21500647 |
| identification and immunogenicity of an immunodominant mimotope of avibacterium paragallinarum from a phage display peptide library. | avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza. the protective antigens of this important pathogen have not yet been clearly identified. in this paper, we applied phage display technique to screen the immunodominant mimotopes of a serovar a strain of a. paragallinarum by using a random 12-peptide library, and evaluated the immunogenicity in chickens of the selected mimotope. polyclonal antibody directed against a. paragallinarum strain 0083 (serovar a) was used as the ta ... | 2007 | 17049758 |
| unusual growth variants of avibacterium paragallinarum. | two isolates of haemophilic bacteria originally isolated in the 1980s from chickens were re-examined. the addition of a 10% sterile filtrate from an overnight culture of staphylococcus epidermidis allowed growth of both isolates in solid and liquid media that were otherwise not capable of supporting the growth of these isolates. using the modified media, genotypic and serotypic studies were performed, which confirmed both isolates to be avibacterium paragallinarum, with one isolate being serovar ... | 2011 | 21696378 |
| immunogenicity and haemagglutination of recombinant avibacterium paragallinarum haga. | inactivated vaccines of avibacterium paragallinarum provide protection and reduce the economic losses caused by infectious coryza. however, inactivated bacterins provide protection only against the page serovars included in the vaccine. in this study, we investigated the immunological properties of a functional recombinant haemagglutinin protein (rhaga) derived from a taiwan isolate strain a9 as the immunogen for vaccination. the rhaga subunit vaccine protected 71% of immunized chickens against ... | 2007 | 17292567 |
| virulence characterization of avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from uganda. | avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from uganda were characterized for their virulence by comparison of their pathogenicity and their resistance to serum. pathogenicity was evaluated using commercial hisex brown layer chickens, local indigenous chickens, local turkeys and local guineafowls inoculated with 108 colony-forming units of av. paragallinarum and comparing their overall mean disease scores over a period of 20 days. persistence of the bacteria in the host and water was also investigated ... | 2007 | 17364508 |
| retinal vein occlusion. | retinal vein occlusion is a common form of retinal vascular disease, especially in middle-aged and older individuals. the diagnosis is based on the funduscopic finding of retinal vein dilatation in association with retinal hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots. the pathology can involve the entire venous system or can be limited to a branch of the central retinal vein. retinal vein occlusion can be distinguished clinically from diabetic retinopathy and other retinal diseases. treatment for the acute ... | 2006 | 1595515 |
| transposed great arteries combined with totally anomalous pulmonary veins. a report of a successful correction. | | 2015 | 4551764 |
| [surgical case of an uncommon knee joint disease]. | | 2014 | 4234262 |
| the changes of growth activities in pituitaries of tadpoles at different metamorphic stages. | | 2005 | 1087615 |
| a simple device for staining many single-hole grids without individual manipulation. | | 2001 | 94955 |
| [etiopathogenesis of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities as a guideline in staging]. | | 2013 | 3705629 |
| [model concepts of disease formation and development from the viewpoint of psychotherapy]. | | 2014 | 3993099 |
| motor-transformation learning. | | 2015 | 4462078 |
| ocular care in the paralyzed face. | | 2005 | 1231071 |
| [evaluation of the endocrine function of the placenta and the feto-placental complex (clinical lecture)]. | | 2011 | 3223530 |
| [some problems of infant's feet]. | | 2015 | 4710710 |
| [embryonal liposarcoma of the mandible (a case from practice)]. | | 1983 | 272783 |
| in vitro interactions of murine peritoneal macrophages and sarcoma cells. ii. induction of dna synthesis in macrophages. | unstimulated peritoneal macrophages grown in vitro for 5 days do not incorporate thymidine. sarcoma (aa) cells introduced to the culture on the fifth day die and disintegrate whereas the macrophages become markedly stimulated and autoradiography shows that they are triggered to synthesize dna. in syngeneic cocultures up to 28% of the macrophages incorporate thymidine after 5 days of coculture. | 2006 | 2870580 |
| in vitro interactions of murine peritoneal macrophages and sarcoma cells. ii. induction of dna synthesis in macrophages. | unstimulated peritoneal macrophages grown in vitro for 5 days do not incorporate thymidine. sarcoma (aa) cells introduced to the culture on the fifth day die and disintegrate whereas the macrophages become markedly stimulated and autoradiography shows that they are triggered to synthesize dna. in syngeneic cocultures up to 28% of the macrophages incorporate thymidine after 5 days of coculture. | 2006 | 2870580 |
| rapid separation of serum lipids for fatty acid analysis by a single aminopropyl column. | a rapid and simple method for separation of serum lipid classes for fatty acid analysis with a single aminopropyl solid phase glass column is described. the recoveries of cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids were all at least 98%. coefficients of variation less than 10% were obtained for absolute and relative amounts of most individual fatty acids analyzed after separation of serum lipid classes. this method provides an efficient and convenient tool to follow fa ... | 2006 | 1479296 |
| aeromedical transfer of burned patients: a review with special reference to european civilian practice. | inter-hospital transfer of a patient with a burn injury can usually be undertaken with confidence, even for non-medical reasons, as long as it is undertaken with care. transfer by air has many advantages for the seriously burned patient provided that all potential risk factors are taken into account. there is a need to consider infection, the respiratory condition and the cardiovascular status of the patient. the possibility of other injuries should also be borne in mind. early transfer requires ... | 2011 | 3048564 |
| the improving results of cholecystectomy. | we reviewed the outcome of 389 consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy during the ten-year period from 1973 to 1983. significant discrepancies between this series and other published data were noted as follows: patients with acute cholecystitis, although older, had comparable morbidity and mortality rates with patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy. diabetic and nondiabetic patients with acute cholecystitis had similar outcomes. in those patients with acute cholecystitis, delay in ... | 2013 | 3729712 |
| [increased antidiuretic hormone (adh) during asthmatic attacks in children. consideration for fluid management]. | | 2013 | 3662829 |
| genome sequence and comparative analysis of avibacterium paragallinarum. | avibacterium paragallinarum, the causative agent of infectious coryza, is a highly contagious respiratory acute disease of poultry, which affects commercial chickens, laying hens and broilers worldwide. | 2013 | 23861570 |
| simultaneous typing of nine avian respiratory pathogens using a novel gexp analyzer-based multiplex pcr assay. | a new, rapid, and high-throughput genomelab gene expression profiler (gexp) analyzer-based multiplex pcr method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nine avian respiratory pathogens. the respiratory pathogens included in this study were avian influenza subtypes h5, h7, and h9, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), mycoplasma synoviae (ms) and haemophilus paragallinarum ... | 2014 | 25025815 |
| maldi-tof mass spectrometry confirms difficulties in separating species of the avibacterium genus. | in the present study a well-characterized strain collection (n = 33) of avibacterium species was investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). the robustness of the currently available reference database (bruker biotyper 3.0) was tested to determine the degree of identification of these strains. reproducible signal patterns were obtained from all strains. however, identification of most strains was only possible at genus level. furth ... | 2014 | 24802229 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid profiles and haemocin activities of avibacterium paragallinarum strains. | in this study, 18 avibacterium paragallinarum isolates collected in taiwan from 1990 to 2003 were serotyped and tested for resistance to antimicrobial agents. serotyping revealed that 13 isolates were page serovar a and 5 isolates were page serovar c. more than 75% of the isolates were resistant to neomycin, streptomycin and erythromycin. the most common resistance pattern (15 isolates, 83.3%) was neomycin-streptomycin. furthermore, 88.9% of the isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics ... | 2007 | 17485180 |
| efficacy of norfloxacin nicotinate treatment of broiler breeders against haemophilus paragallinarum. | the efficacy of the antimicrobial drug norfloxacin for treating infectious coryza was examined in 26-week-old male broiler breeders. chickens were inoculated in the infraorbital sinus with the causal organism, haemophilus paragallinarum. four experimental groups were set up: control uninfected chickens, infected untreated chickens, and infected chickens treated for 5 days with either 20 mg norfloxacin/kg body weight or 40 mg norfloxacin/kg body weight. the first clinical signs were seen 24 hr po ... | 1993 | 8257357 |
| a comparison of a blocking elisa and a haemagglutination inhibition assay for the detection of antibodies to avibacterium (haemophilus) paragallinarum in sera from artificially infected chickens. | the ability of blocking elisas and haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests to detect antibodies in sera from chickens challenged with either avibacterium (haemophilus) paragallinarum isolate hp8 (serovar a) or h668 (serovar c) was compared. serum samples were examined weekly over the 9 weeks following infection. the results showed that the positive rate of serovar a specific antibody in the b-elisa remained at 100% from the second week to the ninth week. in chickens given the serovar c challenge ... | 2007 | 17656110 |
| avibacterium endocarditidis sp. nov., isolated from valvular endocarditis in chickens. | a novel species of the pasteurellaceae, avibacterium endocarditidis sp. nov., is proposed based upon characterization of 27 isolates from valvular endocarditis in adult broiler parents. all isolates shared the same pfge type after digestion of dna with smai and xbai. in addition, all isolates meet the phenotypic characters for the genus avibacterium. separation of the novel species from other species of avibacterium was possible by means of tests for catalase, symbiotic growth, aerobic growth on ... | 2007 | 17684246 |
| amplified 16s ribosomal dna restriction analysis for identification of avibacterium paragallinarum. | a molecular technique based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16s ribosomal genes amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr), referred to as amplified 16s ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra), was designed to identify 19 avibacterium paragallinarum strains isolated from infraorbital sinus and nasal turbinate bone samples of broiler chickens, breeders, and laying hens from different regions of peru. the 16s rdna was amplified by pcr using a pair of bacterial univers ... | 2008 | 18459296 |
| monoclonal antibody characterization of reference isolates of different serogroups of haemophilus paragallinarum. | previously, a panel of five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was used to study the antigens of strains 0083, 0222 and modesto of haemophilus paragallinarum and marked antigenic differences were noted. to establish if these differences were serogroup specific, more reference strains were examined with these mabs. it was not possible to detect any relationship between the antigens recognized by the mabs and the serogroup of the reference strain. none of the mabs produced reacted with the haemagglutini ... | 1997 | 18483942 |
| evaluation of a pcr test for the detection of haemophilus paragallinarum in china. | the application of a recently described pcr test for the detection of haemophilus paragallinarum in china is described. the test was used to examine a total of 127 chickens sourced from a challenge trial (38 chickens), a respiratory disease-free experimental chicken farm (50 chickens) and eight farms with suspect infectious coryza (ic) outbreaks (39 chickens). the pcr results were compared with traditional culture. the pcr detected 14/14 infected birds in the challenge trial as compared with 13/ ... | 1998 | 18484001 |
| identification and characterization of haemagglutinin epitopes of avibacterium paragallinarum serovar c. | the objectives of this study were to identify haemagglutinin (ha) epitopes of avibacterium paragallinarum serovar c that are capable of eliciting haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody, and to investigate their immunogenic role. three conformational epitopes were detected on ha by blocking elisa and immuno-dot blot analysis using a panel of five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with hi activity, designated 8c1c, 4g8b, 24e4d, 11e11b, and 10d1a. the minimum dna regions coding these three epitopes ... | 2008 | 18514440 |
| nad (v-factor)-independent and typical haemophilus paragallinarum infection in commercial chickens: a five year field study. | an unusual bacterium causing respiratory disease in chickens emerged in south africa in february 1989. the disease resembled infectious coryza but the organism differed from typical haemophilus paragallinarum especially in that it did not require v-factor for growth. it has been termed an nad-independent h. paragallinarum. a study of avian haemophili isolated from diseased chickens in kwazulu-natal over the past five years revealed the presence of typical h. paragallinarum, nad-independent h. pa ... | 1995 | 18645802 |
| taxonomy of some recently described avian pasteurella/actinobacillus-like organisms as indicated by deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness. | members of the family pasteurellaceae pohl 1981 are frequently encountered in birds as parasites or pathogens, e.g. the well-known species pasteurella multocida, pasteurella gallinarum, haemophilus paragallinarum, and three species containing strains that had been previously classified as "haemophilus avium"(pasteurella avium, pasteurella volantium, and an unnamed pasteurella species defined by mutters et al., 1985). a variety of additional taxa which had been tentatively assigned to the family ... | 1985 | 18766923 |
| [effect of the neuraminidases of haemophilus avium and haemophilus paragallinarum on chicken serum and other substrates]. | the activity of neuraminidases of two strains of haemophilus avium and three strains of h. paragallinarum were examined using serum of 1-day-old, 8-week-old and 2-year-old chickens as well as human serum, n-acetyl neuraminosyl-d-lactose (nl), n-acyl neuraminic acid glycoproteid (bsm) and colominic acid (col) as substrates. further the n-acetyl neuraminate (nan) content in chicken and human serum was determined. no significant differences were found between the content of nan in human serum and 1 ... | 1980 | 18770294 |
| [differentiation of haemophilus strains isolated from chickens. iv. studies on the dissociation of haemophilus paragallinarum]. | bacteria of 2 phenotypic forms of one strain of haemophilus paragallinarum were morphologically, culturally, biochemically and serologically investigated. on transparent solid media bacteria of the m variant (mucoid) were capsulated and showed iridescence in oblique transmitted light throughout the first 8-14 hours of incubation. iridescence disappeared completely after 36 hours incubation. bacteria of this variant formed stable homogeneous suspensions in 0.15 m nacl and an homogeneous cloudines ... | 1976 | 18777329 |
| the development and application of a blocking elisa kit for the diagnosis of infectious coryza. | a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (b-elisa) kit for the diagnosis of infectious coryza was developed in this study. the kit was based on a recently described blocking elisa that uses monoclonal antibodies to achieve specificity for antibodies to either haemophilus paragallinarum serovar a or serovar c. the results showed that the b-elisa kit detected 96 and 90%, respectively, of chickens vaccinated or challenged with h. paragallinarum serovar a. when used on chickens vaccinated or cha ... | 2000 | 19184808 |
| virulence of south african isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum. part 1: nad-dependent field isolates. | the virulence of four south african field isolates of nad-dependent haemophilus paragallinarum, representing the four serovars known to occur in that country, was investigated. during this study an alternative challenge model for infectious coryza was used, in which the infectivity as well the virulence of different isolates could be evaluated. the challenge model consisted of the direct challenge, via intrasinus injection of one chicken in a row of interconnected layer cages, containing 10 chic ... | 2002 | 12234003 |
| phylogenetic relationships of unclassified, satellitic pasteurellaceae obtained from different species of birds as demonstrated by 16s rrna gene sequence comparison. | avian haemophili demonstrating in vitro satellitic growth, also referred to as the v-factor or nad requirement, have mainly been classified with avibacterium paragallinarum (haemophilus paragallinarum), avibacterium avium (pasteurella avium), avibacterium volantium (pasteurella volantium) and avibacterium sp. a (pasteurella species a). the aim of the present study was to assess the taxonomic position of 18 v-factor-requiring isolates of unclassified haemophilus-like organisms isolated from galli ... | 2009 | 19573597 |
| evaluation of two experimental infection models for avibacterium paragallinarum. | the clinical symptoms of infectious coryza are multiple and include nasal discharge, facial swelling, lacrimation, and anorexia. in general, the disease is not fatal to chicken; so, in experiments where animals are infected with avibacterium paragallinarum, there have been debates about conducting the challenge model and evaluating the clinical signs. in this experiment, 150 chickens, aged 30 days, were randomly divided into different groups. some groups were infected with the 'in-contact' chall ... | 2010 | 19729253 |
| preparation and use of autogenous vaccine from avibacterium paragallinarum (strain tan 1-05) in layer chickens. | the study was conducted to prepare and evaluate the use of autogenous vaccine from avibacterium paragallinarum (strain tan 1-05) in layer chickens. the results showed that all chickens vaccinated with autogenous vaccine with 10(8)cfu/ml in aluminum phosphate gel developed mat antibodies (gmt of 2.8 log2 to 5.3 log2) against a. paragallinarum infection. moreover, the results indicated that all chickens (n=6) selected from vaccinated chickens were protected against a. paragallinarum infection afte ... | 2010 | 19731063 |
| efficacy of autogenous killed vaccine of avibacterium paragallinarum. | the efficacy of killed vaccine of avibacterium paragallinarum with mineral oil adjuvant and aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant was tested for antibody titers and protection. the autogenous vaccines at a concentration of 10(10) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml were administered to 5-wk-old male layers by subcutaneous injection in the neck twice at a 3-wk interval. each chicken was challenged with 10(8) cfu/ml in 400 microl of an homologous isolate of a. paragallinarum serotype a, ir1, at 4 wk after the ... | 2009 | 19848076 |
| hemagglutinin serotyping of avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from ecuador. | avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza, an acute respiratory disease of chickens. in this study, a total of 28 isolates of a. paragallinarum from ecuador were serotyped by the hemagglutinin scheme which recognizes nine serovars. out of 28 isolates, 17 isolates belonged to serovar a-3, and five isolates to each serovars b-1 and c-1, whereas one isolate was non-typeable. this is the first report of a. paragallinarum serovar a-3 outside brazil and serovar c-1 outsid ... | 2010 | 21104010 |
| study on the efficacy and safety of different antigens and oil formulations of infectious coryza vaccines containing an nad-independent strain of avibacterium paragallinarum. | the present study was designed to assess and compare three different formulations of the new onderstepoort infectious coryza (ic) quadrivalent vaccine, which contain an nad-independent strain of avibacterium paragallinarum (previously known as haemophilus paragallinarum), and a commercial ic vaccine, not containing an nad-independent strain, for their safety and ability to protect chickens of varying ages against virulent challenges with four different serovars of a. paragallinarum, including th ... | 2009 | 21105597 |
| in this year of the veterinarian, we are including a series of papers on the history of veterinary medicine in australia. | disease control during the colonial period in australiaôçâ-àôçâneurological diseases of ruminant livestock in australiaôçâ-àôçâcoxiella burnetii in beef cattle in queenslandôçâ-àôçâdesmotomy for flexural deformity in thoroughbredsôçâ-àôçâacute myeloid leukaemia in a thoroughbred foalôçâ-àôçâgrowth variants of avibacterium paragallinarumôçâ-àôçâvolvulus in a dugong. | 2011 | 21696368 |
| development of a multiplex pcr and pcr-rflp method for serotyping of avibacterium paragallinarum. | avibacterium (haemophilus) paragallinarum (a. paragallinarum) is a causative agent of infectious coryza in chickens, and is classified into three serovars by agglutination tests. in an effort to identify the serovars easily, pcr and pcr-rflp were employed. as the target gene for pcr, the hypervariable region of hmtp210 which encodes the ha antigen was used. pcr using primer sets around the hypervariable region amplified 0.8, 1.1 and 1.6 kbp fragments for serovars a, b, and c, respectively. alter ... | 2011 | 21979456 |
| multilocus sequence phylogenetic analysis of avibacterium. | this study examined 49 field isolates of the genus avibacterium, with these 49 being allocated to 36 epidemiologically unrelated groups with one isolate from each group being examined in detail. in addition, six type and reference strains were investigated. phylogenetic analysis of partially sequenced recn, rpob, infb, pgi and soda genes confirmed the existence of the species avibacterium paragallinarum, while a species complex encompassing avibacterium volantium, avibacterium avium, avibacteriu ... | 2012 | 22241047 |
| investigations of the occurrence of avibacterium paragallinarum infections in uganda. | investigations were conducted to determine the occurrence of avibacterium paragallinarum in poultry in uganda. a total of 710 each of bacteriologic and serum samples were taken from chickens and turkeys for demonstration of a. paragallinarum and antibodies. samples for isolation of a. paragallinarum were also subjected to direct polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for demonstration of the organism's presence. antibodies to a. paragallinarum were demonstrated in the sera using the hemagglutination in ... | 2007 | 17626479 |
| evaluation of the eric-pcr as a probable method to differentiate avibacterium paragallinarum serovars. | infectious coryza an upper respiratory tract-disease in chickens, caused by avibacterium paragallinarum, leads to huge economic losses. the disease is controlled through vaccination, but vaccination efficacy is dependent on correct identification of the infecting serovar, as limited cross-protection is reported amongst some serovars. current identification methods include the heamagglutination inhibition (hi) test, which is demanding, and could be subjective. to overcome this, molecular typing m ... | 2016 | 27866411 |
| coinfection of avibacterium paragallinarum and gallibacterium anatis in specific-pathogen-free chickens complicates clinical signs of infectious coryza, which can be prevented by vaccination. | avibacterium paragallinarum and gallibacterium anatis are recognized bacterial pathogens both infecting the respiratory tract of chickens. the present study investigated outcomes of their coinfection by elucidating clinical signs, pathologic lesions, and bacteriologic findings. additionally, the efficacy of a commercially available vaccine to prevent diseases caused by a. paragallinarum and g. anatis was evaluated. birds inoculated with g. anatis alone did not present any clinical signs and gros ... | 2017 | 28301236 |
| validation of reference genes for real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) analysis of avibacterium paragallinarum. | real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) offers a robust method for measurement of gene expression levels. selection of reliable reference gene(s) for gene expression study is conducive to reduce variations derived from different amounts of rna and cdna, the efficiency of the reverse transcriptase or polymerase enzymes. until now reference genes identified for other members of the family pasteurellaceae have not been validated for avibacterium paragallinarum. the aim of this st ... | 2016 | 27942007 |
| virulence of serovar c-1 strains of avibacterium paragallinarum. | the bacterium avibacterium paragallinarum is the etiologic agent of infectious coryza of chickens. there are nine serovars of a. paragallinarum , and serovar c-1 has emerged in outbreaks of infectious coryza in layer hens in the americas, with all isolates having been obtained from infectious coryza-vaccinated chickens. in the current study, the clinical and histopathologic outcomes of experimental infections in chickens with a. paragallinarum of serovar c-1 were investigated. the japanese serov ... | 2016 | 27902901 |
| antimicrobial sensitivity of avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from four latin american countries. | the antimicrobial sensitivity of 11 reference strains and 66 avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from four latin american countries was investigated. all 11 reference strains were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, penicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. the 11 reference strains were all resistant to lincomycin. all isolates (100%) from mexico, panama, and peru were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, amp ... | 2016 | 27610729 |
| the fimbrial protein is a virulence factor and potential vaccine antigen of avibacterium paragallinarum. | fimbriae are recognized as virulence factors and potential vaccine antigens of several pathogenic bacteria, but the function of the fimbriae from avibacterium paragallinarum is not well known. in this study, a gene encoding the fimbrial protein flfa was identified in a. paragallinarum . sequencing analysis of the putative promoter region of flfa suggests that flfa expression in a. paragallinarum might be controlled by phase variation. the flfa gene from a. paragallinarum was expressed as a recom ... | 2016 | 27610725 |
| evaluation of a proposed molecular methodology for the serotyping of avibacterium paragallinarum. | a multiplex (m)pcr and a pcr followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of avibacterium paragallinarum have been proposed as alternatives to conventional serotyping by the page scheme. we evaluated both methods, and also sequenced the pcr-rflp target fragment to reexamine the capacity of molecular serotyping. eleven reference strains and 27 field isolates were used. many reference strains and isolates were misidentified as page serogroup b. the sequence analysis reveale ... | 2016 | 27423732 |
| loss of the capsule increases the adherence activity but decreases the virulence of avibacterium paragallinarum. | avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza, an important respiratory disease of chickens. the capsule is an important virulence determinant of many pathogenic bacteria, but the function of the capsule in av. paragallinarum is not well defined. in this study, acapsular mutants of av. paragallinarum were constructed by inactivation of the hcta gene using the targetron gene knockout system. the acapsular mutants were found to have greater hemagglutination activity than ... | 2015 | 26292540 |
| regulation of chicken immunity-related genes and host response profiles against avibacterium paragallinarum pathogen challenge. | infectious coryza (ic) is a well-recognised and commonly encountered upper respiratory tract disease in chickens. the aim of this study was to monitor aspects of the immune response of chickens infected with avibacterium paragallinarum. gene expression profiling of 30 genes was carried out for 11 chicken nasal area samples belonging to four groups, including one non-infected control group. for this purpose, 30 biomarker transcripts were selected for comparative gene expression analysis and were ... | 2015 | 26117375 |
| detection of avibacterium paragallinarum by polymerase chain reaction from outbreaks of infectious coryza of poultry in andhra pradesh. | this study was carried out for the detection of avibacterium paragallinarum from outbreaks of infectious coryza of poultry. | 2015 | 27047005 |
| avxa, a composite serine-protease-rtx toxin of avibacterium paragallinarum. | avibacterium paragallinarum, the etiological agent of infectious coryza in chicken, was found to encode a bivalent serine-protease - rtx-porin toxin named avxa. this toxin is encoded on a classical rtx operon structure with the activator gene avxc, the structural serin-protease-rtx toxin gene avxa, and the genes for a proper type i secretion system avxbd. avxa is activated by the product of the avxc gene, secreted by the avxbd specified type i secretion system and proteolytically processed leavi ... | 2013 | 23380459 |
| development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of antibodies against infectious coryza vaccine. | infectious coryza is an acute respiratory disease caused by infection with avibacterium (haemophilus) paragallinarum. it is characterized by nasal discharge and facial swelling and is associated with growth retardation and a reduction in egg production. hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests are used to estimate vaccine-induced immunity against infectious coryza in vitro; however, these procedures are complicated and their sensitivity is insufficient. to address these problems, an enzyme-linked ... | 2012 | 22545530 |
| eric-pcr genotyping of emergent serovar c-1 isolates of avibacterium paragallinarum from mexico. | between 2008 and 2010, 14 isolates of avibacterium paragallinarum were identified as serovar c-1 in mexico. all isolates were obtained from commercial laying hens suffering infectious coryza despite a history of vaccination. the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-based pcr genotyping showed that all isolates had a common pattern. until recently, serovars a-1, a-2, b-1, and c-2 were the serovars prevalent in mexico. serovar c-1 has been identified in japan and recently in the america ... | 2011 | 22312992 |
| coinfection of avibacterium paragallinarum and ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in chickens from peru. | the coinfection of avibacterium paragallinarum and ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in two outbreaks of infectious coryza from peru is reported. the diagnosis was confirmed by bacteriologic isolation, pcr testing, and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene. the susceptibility of the isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents was tested by a disk diffusion method. the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and florfenicol and were resistant to oxacillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. the c ... | 2016 | 26953948 |
| identification of a hemagglutinin from gallibacterium anatis. | gallibacterium anatis has the ability to hemagglutinate rabbit erythrocytes; however, no bacterial component has yet been associated with this function. in the present work, a protein of approximately 65 kda with hemagglutinating activity for glutaraldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes was purified by ion interchange chromatography from g. anatis f149(t) secreted proteins. the protein was recognized by a rabbit polyclonal serum against a hemagglutinin from avibacterium paragallinarum. the 65 kda p ... | 2016 | 26729352 |
| the current epidemiological status of infectious coryza and efficacy of poulshot coryza in specific pathogen-free chickens. | infectious coryza (ic) is an infectious disease caused by avibacterium (av.) paragallinarum. ic is known to cause economic losses in the poultry industry via decreased egg production in layers. between 2012 and 2013, av. paragallinarum was isolated from seven chicken farms by chungbuk national university. we identified av. paragallinarum, the causative pathogen of ic by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and serovar serotype a, by multiplex pcr. antibiotic sensitivity tests indicated that a few fie ... | 2016 | 26726018 |
| naturally occurring β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-independent avibacterium paragallinarum isolate in peru. | the β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) requirement has been considered to be essential for the isolation of the causal agent of infectious coryza, avibacterium paragallinarum. nevertheless, nad-independent reports from south africa and mexico dismissed this paradigm. it is now accepted that both nad-dependent and nad-independent agents are able to cause infectious coryza and thus belong to the species a. paragallinarum. here, we report for the first time in peru a nad-independent isolate ... | 2015 | 26473688 |
| protection conferred by infectious coryza vaccines against emergent avibacterium paragallinarum serovar c-1. | infectious coryza is an upper respiratory disease of chickens caused by avibacterium paragallinarum. outbreaks of infectious coryza caused by av. paragallinarum serovar c-1 isolates in coryza-vaccinated flocks in ecuador and mexico have been reported. in the current study, the protection conferred by four commercially available, trivalent infectious coryza vaccines in chickens challenged with a serovar c-1 isolate from an apparent coryza vaccine failure in a layer flock in mexico was evaluated. ... | 2015 | 26292552 |
| the haemagglutinin of avibacterium paragallinarum is a trimeric autotransporter adhesin that confers haemagglutination, cell adherence and biofilm formation activities. | the haemagglutinin (ha) protein plays a key role in the immunogenicity and pathogenicity of avibacterium paragallinarum. a 210-kda protein (hmtp210) was previously reported to be the ha of av. paragallinarum, but the biological function of hmtp210 is not well defined. in this study, mutant strains that lacked hmtp210 were constructed using the targetron(®) gene knockout system. haemagglutination and haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) assays showed that the hmtp210-deficient mutants exhibited no h ... | 2014 | 25465664 |
| genotyping, pathogenicity, and immunogenicity of avibacterium paragallinarum serovar b-1 isolates from the americas. | the bacterium avibacterium paragallinarum is the etiologic agent of infectious coryza of chickens. among the nine kume serovars currently recognized in this bacterium, serovar b-1 is a common serovar in the americas. in the current study, serovar b-1 isolates from ecuador (seven isolates), mexico (seven isolates) and panama (two isolates) were genotyped. in addition one panamanian, one ecuadorian, and two mexican isolates were used in a vaccination-challenge trial in which the vaccine was based ... | 2014 | 25055635 |
| phylogenetic relationship of serovar c-1 isolates of avibacterium paragallinarum. | the bacterium avibacterium paragallinarum is the etiologic agent of infectious coryza of chickens. serovar c-1 has emerged in infectious coryza outbreaks in layer hens of ecuador and mexico. in the current study, genotyping and phylogenetic analyses of five ecuadorian and 10 mexican isolates of av. paragallinarum serovar c-1 were performed. all 15 isolates share a unique enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-based-pcr fingerprint and have identical 16s ribosomal rna and hemagglutinin a ... | 2014 | 24758127 |
| transcriptional profiling of chicken immunity-related genes during infection with avibacterium paragallinarum. | avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza (ic), which is an upper respiratory tract disease in chickens. the occurrence of outbreaks has emphasized the significance of the disease globally in the chicken industry. studies have demonstrated that early immune responses are critical in defining the severity and physiological outcome of an infection. this prompted the need to investigate the regulation of immune functions by the number of genes that are expressed during ... | 2014 | 24613002 |
| an evaluation of serotyping of avibacterium paragallinarum by use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | in the present study, the ability of a recently proposed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr) to determine the serogroups (a, b, and c) of avibacterium paragallinarum was evaluated. a total of 12 reference strains and 69 field isolates of av. paragallinarum from ecuador, mexico, panama, and peru were included in the study. with some exceptions (which were serotyped in the current study), all of the isolates and strains had been previously examined by 2 serotyping schemes (page and kume) or ... | 2014 | 24590665 |
| identification and functional analysis of the cytolethal distending toxin gene from avibacterium paragallinarum. | avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza, an important respiratory disease of chickens. cytolethal distending toxins (cdts) are a family of protein cytotoxins that cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in eukaryotic cells. whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that av. paragallinarum contains cdtabc genes. filter-sterilized lysates prepared from av. paragallinarum or from recombinant escherichia coli expressing cdtabc genes exhibited cdt activity on hela cells an ... | 2014 | 24188584 |
| draft genome sequence of the virulent avibacterium paragallinarum serotype a strain jf4211 and identification of two toxins. | avibacterium paragallinarum is an important pathogen of chicken livestock causing infectious coryza. here, we report the draft genome sequence of the virulent a. paragallinarum serotype a strain jf4211 (2.8 mbp and g+c content of 41%) and the two toxin operons discovered from the annotation of the genome. | 2013 | 23950117 |
| draft genome sequence of avibacterium paragallinarum strain 221. | avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza. here we report the draft genome sequence of reference strain 221 of a. paragallinarum serovar a. the genome is composed of 135 contigs for 2,685,568 bp with a 41% g+c content. | 2013 | 23704189 |
| safety and efficacy studies on trivalent inactivated vaccines against infectious coryza. | the safety and efficacy of an inactivated oil-emulsion infectious coryza vaccine containing three avibacterium paragallinarum isolates (one each of page serovars a, b, and c) was evaluated. the safety of six batches of the vaccine was confirmed by testing with chickens vaccinated with a single large dose or vaccinated repeatedly with a normal dose. efficacy tests were carried out on three batches of vaccine using both specific pathogen free (spf) chickens and conventional chickens. in spf chicke ... | 2014 | 23462450 |
| development of a recombinant vaccine against infectious coryza in chickens. | infectious coryza is an acute respiratory disease of chickens caused by avibacterium paragallinarum, and this infection is associated with growth retardation and reduced egg production. previous studies have shown that hmtp210, a 210-kda outer-membrane protein, is the major protective antigen of av. paragallinarum both serovars a and c. region 2 is a serovar-specific domain in the hmtp210 protein. although the serovar c region 2 has been reported to be an effective vaccine antigen for infectious ... | 2013 | 23178044 |
| identification and characterization of an rtx toxin-like gene and its operon from avibacterium paragallinarum. | avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza, an important respiratory disease of chickens. whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that a. paragallinarum strain h18 contains an rtx toxin-like operon with strong similarity to the rtx operons of other members of the pasteurellaceae. four genes, designated avxic, avxia, avxib, and avxid, were found in this operon. the avxia gene encodes the structural rtx toxin-like protein, which has a predicted molecular mass of about ... | 2012 | 23050471 |
| identification of the lic1abcd operon that controls the phase-variable expression of phosphorylcholine on lipopolysaccharide from avibacterium paragallinarum. | phosphorylcholine (chop) is an important virulence factor found on the surface of many mucosal pathogens and its expression enhances bacterial colonization on mucous membranes and reduces susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides. whole-genome sequencing analyses showed that avibacterium paragallinarum contained an operon with strong sequence similarity to the lic1abcd operon from haemophilus influenzae and the pcgdabc operon from pasteurella multocida; both operons are involved in metabolism and ... | 2013 | 23391184 |
| serovar identification, antimicrobial sensitivity, and virulence of avibacterium paragallinarum isolated from chickens in thailand. | avibacterium paragallinarum causes infectious coryza in chickens, an acute respiratory disease that has worldwide economic significance. the objectives of this study were to determine the serovars, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenicity of a. paragallinarum isolated from chickens in thailand. eighteen field isolates of a. paragallinarum were confirmed by pcr. when examined by serotyping in a hemagglutination inhibition test, 10 isolates were serovar a, five isolates were serovar b, and thre ... | 2012 | 22856194 |