| effect of a commercial competitive exclusion culture (preempt) on mortality and horizontal transmission of salmonella gallinarum in broiler chickens. | a commercial competitive exclusion (ce) culture (preempt) was evaluated for its ability to decrease mortality during the first 10-12 days posthatch resulting from the causative agent of fowl typhoid, salmonella gallinarum. in the first experiment, chicks provided the ce culture on day of hatch and challenged with 10(5) s. gallinarum on day 3 had a significant decrease in mortality compared with non-ce-treated s. gallinarum-challenged chicks in all four replicates. mortality for control chicks wh ... | 1998 | 9876831 |
| purification and characterization of phospholipase c of salmonella gallinarum. | phospholipase c was isolated from an outbreak strain of salmonella gallinarum with ciprofloxacin extraction, dialysis, gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and chromatofocussing. purified phospholipase c (mol wt. 65 kda; isoelectric point, pi 3.5) was resistant to pasteurization, stomach enzyme (pepsin), bacterial protease and lipase but lost its activity on trypsin and chymotrypsin treatment. it was sensitive to ph > or = 8.0. it was haemolytic, embryotoxic, enterohaemorrhagic, lethal to ... | 1998 | 10093508 |
| evolutionary origin and radiation of the avian-adapted non-motile salmonellae. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was employed to estimate chromosomal genotypic diversity and relationships among 131 isolates of the non-motile salmonella biotypes gallinarum and pullorum (serotype 1, 9, 12:-:-) that cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, respectively. thirteen electrophoretic types (ets), marking clones, were distinguished, and construction of a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree revealed three lineages: one consisted of five ets of gallinarum, a second included seven ets ... | 1993 | 8429538 |
| the isolation of salmonella gallinarum in wild birds. | | 1955 | 13242673 |
| the longevity of salmonella gallinarum in the faeces of infected chickens. | | 1955 | 13242676 |
| vaccination for control of salmonella in poultry. | salmonella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens causing localised or systemic infections, in addition to a chronic asymptomatic carrier state. they are of worldwide economic and public health significance. in poultry, which represent important sources of cheap protein throughout the world, fowl typhoid and pullorum disease continue to cause economic losses in those parts of the world where the poultry industries are continuing to intensify and where open sided housing is common. a number ... | 1999 | 10418900 |
| [invalidness of the distinction between salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum and their mutual biochemical variants]. | | 1956 | 13340328 |
| [immunochemical study of salmonella. ii. analysis of precipitins of some anti-salmonella gallinarum and anti-salmonella typhi sera]. | | 1956 | 13363029 |
| the use of live vaccines in experimental salmonella gallinarum infection in chickens with observations on their interference effect. | | 1956 | 13367409 |
| the immunity to salmonella gallinarum infection in chickens produced by live cultures of members of the salmonella genus. | | 1956 | 13367410 |
| antigenic analysis of d-valine adapted salmonella gallinarum. | | 1956 | 13376505 |
| the effect of feeding different levels of protein concentrates on the susceptibility of chickens to salmonella gallinarum infection. | | 1957 | 13406119 |
| host restriction phenotypes of salmonella typhi and salmonella gallinarum. | salmonella typhi and salmonella gallinarum phenotypes correlated with mouse host restriction have been identified by using in vitro and in vivo systems. s. typhi is capable of entering the murine intestinal epithelium via m cells, as is salmonella typhimurium, which causes systemic infection in the mouse. but, unlike s. typhimurium, s. typhi does not destroy the epithelium and is cleared from the peyer's patches soon after m-cell entry. s. gallinarum appears to be incapable of entering the murin ... | 1995 | 7591067 |
| detection of salmonella gallinarum and s. typhimurium dna in experimentally infected chicks by polymerase chain reaction. | dna detection with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as a mean of identifying salmonella infection in chickens was compared with the conventional culture procedure. dna was extracted from organs of experimentally infected chicks with either s. gallinarum or s. typhimurium. the pair of primers used were those directed at the inva gene. bacteria isolation was done by inoculating the pre-enrichment media with samples. as was expected a 284 bp fragment dna was amplified from extracted dna of infected ... | 1995 | 7756427 |
| efficacy of crude extract of aloe secundiflora against salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected free-range chickens in tanzania. | the ethnoveterinary use of aloe species extract in free-range local chickens against fowl typhoid was investigated. five-months-old local chickens, free of antibodies against fowl typhoid were used. the chickens were randomly assorted into five groups including pretreated and infected (g1, n=21), infected and untreated (g2, n=21), infected and treated (g3, n=21), untreated and uninfected (g4, n=10) and treated uninfected (g5, n=10). groups 1, 2 and 3 were inoculated with 5.0 x 10(8) c.f.u/ml of ... | 2002 | 11849835 |
| reduction in incidence of experimental fowl typhoid by incorporation of a commercial formic acid preparation (bio-add) into poultry feed. | the experiment described evaluated the effect of a commercial in-feed preparation (bio-add) involving a mixture of formic acid and propionic acid on the incidence of experimental fowl typhoid in groups of 41 and 42 1-wk-old rhode island red chickens. the chickens were infected through contact with 12 identical chickens that had been inoculated orally with 10(8) cfu of salmonella gallinarum strain 9. the incidence of mortality and morbidity due to fowl typhoid was 31/41 (76%) in birds given untre ... | 1996 | 8778726 |
| [on the nutrition of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. 3. on the purine requirement of salmonella pullorum strain no. 21]. | | 1962 | 13938795 |
| the differentiation of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum by biochemical methods. | | 1962 | 13993927 |
| bacterial colonization and endotoxin activity during experimental acute fowl typhoid in chickens. | bacterial colonization and endotoxin production were investigated before and after experimental salmonella gallinarum infection in 8-week-old female broiler chickens. these parameters were assayed by means of colony forming units test (cfu) and the limulus amebocyte lysate test (lal), respectively. birds were infected per os with 1,5 x 10(9) cfu/ml of wild strain of s. gallinarum isolated from a dead hen. approximately 1,5 x 10(2); 1,3 x 10(2) and 1,2 x 10(2) cfu of s. gallinarum were recorded f ... | 2000 | 11206397 |
| food as a vehicle of infection; the effect of variations in the diet on the induction of salmonella gallinarum infection. | | 1954 | 13208934 |
| isolation and characterization of salmonella gallinarum cytotoxic factors. | two distinct cytotoxic factors isolated from a salmonella gallinarum strain recovered from a bird died during an outbreak of fowl typhoid were purified to homogeneity through ciprofloxacin extraction, salt precipitation, dialysis, gelfiltration, ionexchange chromatography and chromatofocusing. these were designated as salmonella gallinarum cytotoxin i (gct-i) and ii (gct-ii). gct-i was a glycoprotein having mol.wt and pi of ca 70 kda and 8.8, respectively. it was lethal to birds (ld50, 150 micro ... | 2000 | 11395962 |
| salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum requires the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type iii secretion system but not the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type iii secretion system for virulence in chickens. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum is a host-specific serotype that causes the severe systemic disease fowl typhoid in domestic poultry and a narrow range of other avian species but rarely causes disease in mammalian hosts. specificity of the disease is primarily at the level of the reticuloendothelial system, but few virulence factors have been described other than the requirement for an 85-kb virulence plasmid. in this work, by making functional mutations in the type iii secretion systems ... | 2001 | 11500419 |
| attempts to purify the salmonella gallinarum complex o-antigen by fractionation over ion-exchange deae-cellulose and gel-filtration. | | 1964 | 14182620 |
| competitive exclusion of salmonella enteritidis by salmonella gallinarum in poultry. | salmonella enteritidis emerged as a major egg-associated pathogen in the late 20th century. epidemiologic data from england, wales, and the united states indicate that s. enteritidis filled the ecologic niche vacated by eradication of s. gallinarum from poultry, leading to an epidemic increase in human infections. we tested this hypothesis by retrospective analysis of epidemiologic surveys in germany and demonstrated that the number of human s. enteritidis cases is inversely related to the preva ... | 2000 | 10998373 |
| [purification of complex salmonella gallinarum o-antigen by the fractionation on ion-exchange deae-cellulose and gel filtration]. | | 1964 | 14266475 |
| [studies on toxic properties and composition of complex salmonella gallinarum antigens obtained from bacterial suspension treated and untreated with ultrasonics]. | | 1964 | 14266482 |
| [comparative study of water-soluble proteins of initial and phageresistant variants of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum by paper electrophoresis]. | | 1964 | 14301106 |
| [lysogenic conversion of the 01 antigen of the salmonella gallinarum-pullorum serotype]. | | 1964 | 14305626 |
| differential cytokine expression in avian cells in response to invasion by salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella gallinarum. | salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen that is capable of causing disease in a range of hosts. although human salmonellosis is frequently associated with consumption of contaminated poultry and eggs, and the serotypes salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum are important world-wide pathogens of poultry, little is understood of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of salmonella in the chicken. type iii secretion systems play a key role in host cell invasiveness and trigger th ... | 2000 | 11101679 |
| biochemical differentiation of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum cultures. | | 1965 | 14334406 |
| evaluation of a new chromogenic medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of salmonella species from stool specimens. | the performance of bbl chromagar salmonella (becton dickinson, france), a new selective chromogenic medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of salmonella spp., was evaluated. on this medium, which is a modification of chromagar salmonella (chromagar microbiology, france) with enhanced selectivity, the colonies of salmonella are stained in mauve (rose-violet), while those of other organisms appear in blue-green or are not stained by any of the chromogens of the medium. the medium ... | 2001 | 11681435 |
| [variations in carbohydrate metabolism by salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum; their diagnostic value]. | | 1954 | 14350347 |
| studies of the phenomenon of host adaptation in salmonella. | to study the phenomenon of host adaptation in salmonella, a mathematical model has been developed which permits a definition and experimental investigation of the specific interaction between the adapted serovar and the adequate host. after experimental infection using a mixture of equal parts of two salmonella strains, a and b, the bacterial concentrations ca and cb were determined in the organs of the animals infected. if an animal of species a and an animal of species b are infected with the ... | 2000 | 11244872 |
| [transduction of a somatic antigen during infection of salmonella gallinarum with a temperate phage of salmonella typhimurium]. | | 1959 | 14412466 |
| comparative pathogenesis of experimental infections with salmonella gallinarum in local and commercial chickens. | the pathogenicity of a virulent strain of salmonella gallinarum was studied in local chickens and commercial layers. sixty 4-month-old chickens were used. of these, 50 chickens were orally infected with s. gallinarum, comprising 25 commercial layers and 25 local chickens. five chickens in each group were used as uninfected negative controls. the clinical signs and pathological features of acute, subacute and chronic fowl typhoid were observed in both groups. chickens in both groups seroconverted ... | 2002 | 12094675 |
| surface plasmon resonance (biacore) detection of serum antibodies against salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium. | we have used a surface plasmon resonance biosensor (biacore 3000) to detect serum antibodies in chickens having current or recent infections. three well-defined salmonella flagellar recombinant dna antigens reflecting salmonella enteritidis (h:g,m flagellin) and salmonella typhimurium (h:i and h:1,2 flagellins) expressed in escherichia coli were each immobilized in a single flow cell of a biosensor chip. glutathione-s-transferase was immobilized on the surface of another flow cell to monitor non ... | 2002 | 12133620 |
| in vivo and in vitro studies of genetic resistance to systemic salmonellosis in the chicken encoded by the sal1 locus. | a number of inbred lines of chickens have been shown to be resistant or susceptible to systemic salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in adult birds, or by s. enterica serovar enteritidis and s. enterica serovar typhimurium in young chicks. resistant lines show only moderate pathology and low mortality rates, whereas susceptible lines display extensive pathological changes and higher levels of mortality following salmonella infection. genetic resistance to salmonellosis ... | 2002 | 12361910 |
| distribution and characterization of class 1 integrons in salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum. | fowl typhoid caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum is the most important chicken disease in korea. due to appearance of new or multiple antibiotics resistances in the recently isolated strains, it was difficult to control the disease using antibiotics in our country. therefore, the prevalence and genetic contents of class 1 integrons in biotype gallinarum isolated between 1992 and 2001 were investigated by pcr and direct sequencing, respectively. ou ... | 2002 | 12383639 |
| serological monitoring of 40 swiss fancy breed poultry flocks. | rapid serum agglutination, haemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to screen swiss fancy breed chicken flocks for antibodies against 12 avian infectious agents. for this purpose, 1,002 blood samples from 40 flocks were collected and tested. ten percent of the samples were positive for salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and 62.5% of the flocks were affected. more than 75% of the flocks had antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum/mycoplasma synoviae, infectiou ... | 2002 | 12396360 |
| differential diagnosis of salmonella gallinarum and s. pullorum using pcr-relp. | salmonellosis in poultry of korea is a significant health problem, which causes substantial economic losses. the most common causative agents of chicken salmonellosis ar s. gallinarum and s. pullorum. traditional methods used to detect salmoenella spp. in chicken are tedious, time consuming and confer little guarantee of sensitivity and species specificity. therefore, a rapid and sensitive method for the differentiation of salmonella serogroup d was assessed. we first amplified the rfbs genes by ... | 2001 | 12441691 |
| the effect of aureomycin against salmonella gallinarum in vivo and in vitro. | | 1951 | 14829770 |
| comparison of intestinal invasion and macrophage response of salmonella gallinarum and other host-adapted salmonella enterica serovars in the avian host. | the purpose of this investigation was to study the host specific infection of salmonella gallinarum in chickens and to determine the contribution of intestinal invasion and macrophage survival in relation to systemic infection in the host. this was carried out by comparing the kinetics of infection of s. gallinarum to that of other salmonella host-adapted (s. cholerae-suis, s. dublin and s. typhimurium) and host-specific (s. pullorum and s. abortus-ovis) serovars. establishment of the rate of co ... | 2003 | 12488070 |
| typing of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum by means of bacteriophage. | | 1952 | 14933053 |
| comparison of the immune responses against salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection between naked neck chickens and a commercial chicken line. | the immune responses of indigenous naked neck (nana and nana) and normally feathered (nana) chickens against a salmonella gallinarum (sg) infection were evaluated and compared with those of a commercial line (b-380). groups of 28-day-old chickens (nana, nana, nana, and b-380) were immunized orally and subcutaneously with 50 microg of sg antigens. control non-immunized animals were inoculated with sterile saline solution. all chickens were challenged with 1 ld(50) of sg and mortality was recorded ... | 2003 | 12745372 |
| antigenic studies using ammonium sulfate. iv. the sedimentation effect of ammonium sulfate on salmonella gallinarum. | | 1956 | 13340122 |
| nucleotide and amino acid sequences of orit-tram-traj-tray-traa-tral regions and mobilization of virulence plasmids of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, gallinarum-pullorum, and typhimurium. | the virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum-pullorum (pspv) but not those of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis (psev) and typhimurium (pstv) can be readily mobilized by an f or f-like conjugative plasmid. to investigate the reason for the difference, the orit-tram-traj-tray-traa-tral regions of the three salmonella virulence plasmids (psvs) were cloned and their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were examined. the cloned fragments were generally mobilized mor ... | 2002 | 12003924 |
| classification of grossly detectable abnormalities and conditions seen at postmortem in canadian poultry abattoirs according to a hazard identification decision tree. | this study was designed to review all grossly detectable abnormalities and conditions (gdacs) encountered in poultry in canadian abattoirs to determine which have potential to cause adverse health effects for the consumer. review of the literature and consultation with scientists in the field of microbiology, epidemiology, poultry pathology, chemistry, and meat inspection served to generate an inventory of gdacs, and a decision tree containing algorithms was developed to identify gdacs potential ... | 2001 | 11770626 |
| the spread of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine strain under field conditions. | a live vaccine based on an attenuated salmonella gallinarum 9r strain is in use in a salmonella enteritidis control program in commercial layer flocks in the netherlands. in a field study, the potential spread of the vaccine strain from vaccinated flocks to nonvaccinated flocks has been studied after both the primary and the booster injection at four different rearing farms and at one layer farm. the vaccinated and the nonvaccinated flocks were monitored at regular intervals by bacteriologic and ... | 2001 | 11785873 |
| the in vivo sensitization of avian erythrocytes with salmonella gallinarum polysaccharide. | | 1959 | 13806563 |
| studies on immunity and pathogenesis of salmonellosis. i. antigen-antibody reactions on circulating leucocytes of chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum. | | 1963 | 14088890 |
| studies on immunity and pathogenesis of salmonellosis. ii. antibody production and accumulation of bacterial polysaccharide in the tissues of chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum. | | 1963 | 14088891 |
| fructose-6-phosphate reductase from salmonella gallinarum. | zancan, glaci t. (universidade do paraná, curitiba, paraná, brazil), and metry bacila. fructose-6-phosphate reductase from salmonella gallinarum. j. bacteriol. 87:614-618. 1964.-a fructose-6-phosphate reductase present in cell-free extracts of salmonella gallinarum was purified approximately 42 times. the optimal ph for this enzyme is 8.0. the enzyme is specific for fructose-6-phosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh). the dissociation constants are 1.78 x 10(-4)m for fructo ... | 1964 | 14127579 |
| [a case of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infection]. | | 1964 | 14138791 |
| effect of salmonella gallinarum on certain krebs cycle intermediates of domestic fowl. | freeman, b. m. (houghton poultry research station, huntingdon, england), and l. g. chubb. effect of salmonella gallinarum on certain krebs cycle intermediates of domestic fowl. j. bacteriol. 88:93-95. 1964.-in chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum, the citric acid content of the blood rose but that of the liver fell significantly. the former may be due solely to anorexia; the latter is suggested to be a result of the inhibition of the reaction between pyruvic and oxaloacetic acids. pyruvi ... | 1964 | 14197910 |
| [studies on the antigenic structure and serologic behavior of salmonella gallinarum. 1. studies on the distribution of individual antigens in various salmonella gallinarum strains]. | | 1965 | 14314882 |
| comparative activity of nihydrazone and furazolidone against salmonella gallinarum and escherichia coli in chickens. | | 1965 | 14340751 |
| influence of high levels of vitamins on resistance of chicks to fowl typhoid. | | 1955 | 14371690 |
| water-soluble nitrofuran therapy in pullorum and fowl typhoid in chicks. | | 1962 | 14491993 |
| occurrence and regulation of the multicellular morphotype in salmonella serovars important in human disease. | multicellular behavior in salmonella typhimurium atcc14028 called the rdar morphotype is characterized by the expression of the extracellular matrix components cellulose and curli fimbriae. over 90% of s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis strains from human disease, food and animals expressed the rdar morphotype at 28 degrees c. regulation of the rdar morphotype occurred via the response regulator ompr, which activated transcription of csgd required for production of cellulose and curli fimbriae. s ... | 2003 | 14503792 |
| adhesion of probiotic lactobacilli to chick intestinal mucus. | in the present work, interactions between three lactobacillus strains (lactobacillus fermentum crl1015, lactobacillus animalis crl1014, and lactobacillus fermentum crl1016) and chicken small intestinal mucus were determined. three lactobacilli isolated from chicken and selected by their potentially probiotic properties were able to grow in mucus preparations. three peaks from gel filtration chromatography of intestinal mucus were obtained. the adhesion to three mucus fractions (i, ii, and iii), ... | 2003 | 14569288 |
| biochemical characteristics and antimicrobials susceptibility of salmonella gallinarum isolated in korea. | fowl typhoid (ft) reported since 1992 in korea is a septicemic disease of domestic birds caused by salmonella gallinarum (s. gallinarum). the purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical characteristics and antimicrobials susceptibility of field isolates of s. gallinarum isolated by year in korea. a total of 258 isolates of s. gallinarum from 1995 to 2001 showed the same pattern in the majority of biochemical test such as imvic (indole, methyl red, voges-proskauer and citrate utiliza ... | 2003 | 14610370 |
| competitive exclusion against salmonella gallinarum of salmonella enteritidis infected chickens. | to evaluate the degree of competitive exclusion against salmonella gallinarum(s. gallinarum) of salmonella enteritidis(s. enteritidis) infected chickens, fifty-six, 4-week old hyline layer suspected of s. enteritidis infection were challenged with s. gallinarum. all chickens were tested for s. enteritidis isolation using cloacal swabs and serum plate agglutination test using s. enteritidis ag. before challenge and classified into four groups(se isolated, se nonisolated, se seropositive and se se ... | 2001 | 14614291 |
| fowl typhoid. i. comparison of antigenicity of sixteen gallinarum antigens. | | 1951 | 14801734 |
| cultural and antigenic studies on salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum. | | 1927 | 16559234 |
| the reduction of nitrates to nitrites by salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. | | 1930 | 16559426 |
| a comparative study of the nutritional requirements of salmonella typhosa, salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. | | 1943 | 16560616 |
| cytotoxic and antimicrobial benzophenones from the leaves of tovomita longifolia. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform and ethanol extracts of tovomita longifolia leaves using cytotoxic and antimicrobial assays resulted in the isolation of four new benzophenones, (e)-3-(2-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-methyleneoct-6-enyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (1), (e)-3-(6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,7-dienyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (2), 8-benzoyl-2-(4-methylpenten-3-yl)chromane-3,5,7-triol (3), and 5-benzoyl-1,1,4a-trimethyl-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-xanthene-6,8-diol (4), and ... | 2006 | 16562847 |
| the effect of sulfonamides on the control of fowl typhoid in chickens. | | 1952 | 14927495 |
| salmonella gallinarum gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative organism of fowl typhoid, and an outbreak of fowl typhoid in korea was confirmed in 1992. the aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in fluoroquinolone susceptibility among s. gallinarum isolates from 1995 to 2001, and to analyse mutations of the gyra gene in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. among 258 s. gallinarum isolates tested by the disk diffusion method, isolates from 1995 (n=18) were ... | 2004 | 15276996 |
| allele-specific pcr method based on rfbs sequence for distinguishing salmonella gallinarum from salmonella pullorum: serotype-specific rfbs sequence polymorphism. | cloning and sequence analysis of rfbs gene identified two polymorphic nucleotides, one at position 598 (salmonella gallinarum-specific) and other at position 237 (salmonella pullorum-specific). based on s. gallinarum-specific nucleotide found at position 598, an allele-specific pcr method was developed for serotype-specific detection of s. gallinarum. this pcr method was able to discriminate pure cultures of s. gallinarum from s. pullorum and other salmonella serotypes from serogroup d in less t ... | 2005 | 15590091 |
| influence of antibiotics on growth dynamics and movement ability of salmonella rods. | variety of traits important in diagnostics and epidemiology of pathogenic microorganisms may change due to antibiotics. movement ability, that is characteristic for every serovar except from salmonella gallinarum-pullorum, is important to salmonellas. in own experiments using semi-fluid msrv medium, it was found that a decrease in salmonella sensibility to selected antibiotics and chemiotherapeutics due to passage might lead to weakening of its movement ability. movement ability of all strains ( ... | 2004 | 15633786 |
| fowl typhoid and pullorum disease. | fowl typhoid (ft) and pullorum disease (pd) are septicaemic diseases, primarily of chickens and turkeys, caused by gram negative bacteria, salmonella gallinarum and s. pullorum, respectively. clinical signs in chicks and poults include anorexia, diarrhoea, dehydration, weakness and high mortality. in mature fowl, ft and pd are manifested by decreased egg production, fertility, hatchability and anorexia, and increased mortality. gross and microscopic lesions due to ft and pd in chicks and poults ... | 2000 | 10935271 |
| [investigation on antigenic value of isolated in bulgaria strains of salmonella gallinarum (syn. salmonella pullorum) in diagnosis of pullorosis before incubation]. | | 1958 | 13549099 |
| pathological changes in the blood of chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum. | | 1960 | 13806562 |
| effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1 on progress of salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail: clinical signs and hematologic studies. | to study the individual and combined effects of fumonisin b1 (fb1) toxicity and salmonella serotype gallinarum infection, japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed fusarium moniliforme culture material (2.5%), 150 mg fb1/kg ration, and were subsequently challenged orally with salmonella gallinarum organisms (2 x 10(4) colony-forming units) at 21 days of age. the chicks were fed culture material containing fb1 from day 5 till the end of the experiment. after being infected with salmone ... | 2005 | 16094834 |
| ostrich diseases. | scientific knowledge of ostrich diseases is incomplete and very fragmented, with specific details on technical aspects of diagnostic and/or screening tests completely absent in most cases. salmonella typhimurium is common in multispecies collections and causes mortality in chicks younger than three months on commercial farms, but is rarely found in chicks older than six months, or slaughter birds of twelve to fourteen months in southern africa. campylobacter jejuni and chlamydia psittaci are occ ... | 2000 | 10935285 |
| fowl typhoid: ii. agglutinin reactions in an artificially infected flock of chickens. | | 1951 | 17648524 |
| characterization of fimh adhesins expressed by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum: reconstitution of mannose-binding properties by single amino acid substitution. | recombinant fimh adhesins of type 1 fimbriae from salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum, in contrast to those of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, did not bind to high-mannose oligosaccharides or to human colon carcinoma ht-29 cells. however, mutated fimh proteins from biovar gallinarum and biovar pullorum, in which the isoleucine at position 78 was replaced by the threonine found in s. enterica serovar typhimurium, bound well to glycoproteins carrying hig ... | 2005 | 16113346 |
| differentiation of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype pullorum from biotype gallinarum by analysis of phase 1 flagellin c gene (flic). | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum and biotype pullorum are non-motile and pathogenic avian strains. biotype gallinarum causes fowl typhoid and biotype pullorum is the cause of pullorum disease in chickens. the two biotypes could be differentiated based on biochemical characteristics. however, conventional culture and biochemical assays are time-consuming, laborious and need sterile laboratory practices. although the two biotypes, gallinarum and pullorum are non-motile, t ... | 2000 | 10739340 |
| characterization of a broad range antibacterial substance from a new bacillus species isolated from amazon basin. | a bacillus sp. strain producing a bacteriocin-like substance was characterized by biochemical profiling and 16s rdna sequencing. the phylogenetic analysis indicated that this strain has low sequence similarity with most bacillus spp., suggesting a new species was isolated. the antimicrobial activity was detected starting at the exponential growth phase, and maximum activity was observed at stationary phase. the substance was inhibitory to a broad range of indicator strains, including pathogenic ... | 2007 | 17534601 |
| attempt to stimulate lymphatic gland changes of fowl typhoid with adrenal cortex extract. | | 1957 | 13465781 |
| comparison of a dot immunobinding assay and the serum agglutination test for detecting serological responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens following challenge with salmonella gallinarum. | a dot immunobinding assay (dia) was compared with the standard tube agglutination test (sat) for detecting antibodies in sera from vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens challenged with salmonella gallinarum var duisburg . the virulence plasmid-cured s. gallinarum vaccine was given at 7 and 21 days, and the challenge at 35 days. the dia was very sensitive and detected antibodies to high titres in challenged birds. it also detected high titres in vaccinated, unchallenged birds which failed to react ... | 1999 | 16147555 |
| differentiation of salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum from salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum by pcr-rflp of the fimh gene. | in our studies on fimh adhesins expressed by different salmonella serovars, we cloned and sequenced the fimh genes from salmonella enterica ssp. enterica ser. gallinarum biovar gallinarum and s. enterica ssp. enterica ser. gallinarum biovar pullorum. comparison of the nucleotide sequences revealed the presence of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) at position 544 bp from the a of the start codon of the fimh open reading frame (orf). further analysis of the restriction enzyme sites in fimh ge ... | 2005 | 16115094 |
| safety and efficacy of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine in young laying chickens. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the agent of fowl typhoid, and the 9r vaccine is a commercially available, live vaccine for the prevention of fowl typhoid. the aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the 9r vaccine in young chickens. the mean weights of 5-week-old chickens vaccinated with one and 10 doses at 2 weeks old were 450.3+/-33.83 g and 446.8+/-35.68 g, respectively, which were statistically lower (p<0.05) than the mean weight ... | 2005 | 16147574 |
| effect of ochratoxin a on broiler chicks challenged with salmonella gallinarum. | 1. a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ochratoxin a (oa) on broiler chicks challenged with salmonella gallinarum. 2. one hundred and seventy-six 1-d-old broiler chicks were divided into two groups of 88 chicks each, with one group fed on a control mash diet and the other given a mash diet containing 2 ppm oa. on d 14, each group was further subdivided into two groups with one group infected with s. gallinarum and the other uninfected. 3. following s. gallinarum inoculation on d 14, ... | 2005 | 16268101 |
| fowl typhoid in caged layer birds. | | 2005 | 16127143 |
| identification of salmonella gallinarum virulence genes in a chicken infection model using pcr-based signature-tagged mutagenesis. | salmonella gallinarum (sg) is a non-motile host-adapted salmonella that causes fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. this study describes the application of a pcr-based signature-tagged mutagenesis system to identify in vivo-essential genes of sg. ninety-six pools representing 1152 sg mutants were screened in a natural-host chicken infection model. twenty presumptive attenuated mutants were identified and examined f ... | 2005 | 16339940 |
| efficacies of novel n-halamine disinfectants against salmonella and pseudomonas species. | six novel n-halamine compounds of potential importance as disinfectants to the food-processing industry were tested against salmonella enteritidis, salmonella gallinarum, salmonella typhimurium, and pseudomonas fluorescens in aqueous solution. inactivation times for 10-fold reductions were determined as a function of water quality at ph 6.5 and 25 degrees c. phenol coefficients for the efficacies of the compounds against s. enteritidis have been reported also. when both stability and efficacy da ... | 1992 | 16348692 |
| individual and combined effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material, containing known levels of fumonisin b1, and salmonella gallinarum infection on liver of japanese quail. | three hundred day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups with 150 quail in each group. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, while fusarium moniliforme culture material was added to quail mash in the second group from day 5 of age and was supplied at a rate of 150 ppm fumonisin b1 (fb1)/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonel ... | 2005 | 16405006 |
| examination by elisa of sera obtained from chicken breeder and layer flocks showing evidence of fowl typhoid or pullorum disease. | an indirect elisa using soluble whole cell antigen was used to screen serum samples obtained from breeder and layer flocks some of which had shown clinical or bacteriological evidence of infection with salmonella gallinarum or s. pullorum. there was good correlation between salmonella infection and the presence of serum samples showing high optical density (od) values. sera from seven flocks showing high values were retested using group d (0-1, 9, 12) lipopolysaccharide (lps) and g,m-h flagella ... | 1995 | 18645798 |
| cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to a virulent plasmid-cured mutant strain of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum in broiler chickens. | one-week-old salmonella-free broiler chicks were subcutaneously immunized and subsequently boosted two weeks later with 2x10(7)cfu 0.5ml(-1) of an 85-kb virulent plasmid-cured spectinomycin-resistant mutant strain (sg9vp(-)spc(r)) of salmonella gallinarum 9 (s. enterica serotype gallinarum 9) along with a control group of mock-immunized chickens. the chicks were subcutaneously challenged at 5 weeks of age with 5x10(10)cfu 0.5ml(-1) (5xld(50)) of wild-type s. gallinarum var. duisburg (s. enterica ... | 2006 | 16510254 |
| [rapid identification of riemerella anatipestifer on the basis of specific pcr amplifying 16s rdna]. | riemerella anatipestifer (ra) infection is the main disease causing severe losses in duck production. because ra is characterized more by the absence than by the presence of specific phenotypic properties and different scholar had the different results of biochemical detection, it can't always be identified quickly and correctly only by the phenotypic properties or biochemical characteristics. the research object was to develop a species specific pcr method for ra detection. because of the conse ... | 2006 | 16579457 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping of salmonella gallinarum and comparison with random amplified polymorphic dna. | salmonella gallinarum is gram-negative bacteria that cause fowl typhoid (ft) in chickens. since the first outbreak of ft reported in 1992 in korea, it has widely spread throughout the country. today, ft is one of the most devastating diseases of poultry. the aim of the present study was to ascertain a genetic relationship among s. gallinarum isolates collected from different regions of korea over a 10-year period. we examined a total of 38 isolates of s. gallinarum obtained in 29 regions of kore ... | 2006 | 16584852 |
| differences in resistance to salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection among indigenous local chicken ecotypes in tanzania. | a study was conducted to evaluate the disease resistance potential in 105 chickens of six indigenous local chicken ecotypes in tanzania by orally challenging 1-week-old chicks with 2.5 x 10(8) colony-forming units of virulent s. gallinarum. for 14 days post infection, clinical signs, necropsy findings, antibody titres, packed cell volume, leukocyte population count, and viable bacterial cell counts in the liver and spleen were recorded. clinical signs were recorded daily but other parameters wer ... | 2006 | 16854638 |
| protection conferred by a live salmonella enteritidis vaccine against fowl typhoid in laying hens. | fowl typhoid is under control in poultry farms of developed countries, but it still endemically subsists in commercial laying hen farms of some countries. it has been demonstrated that salmonella live vaccines can elicit cross-immunity against members of the same kauffmann-white scheme serogroup. in this work, we explored the protection conferred by tad salmonella vac e, a live salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis vaccine, against fowl typhoid. three groups of laying hens were vaccinated with ... | 2006 | 16863082 |
| effect of metc mutation on salmonella gallinarum virulence and invasiveness in 1-day-old white leghorn chickens. | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid (ft) in chickens. ft is a severe systemic disease of chickens causing heavy economic losses to the poultry industry through mortality, reduced egg production and culling of precious breeding stocks. in this study, a metc (encoding cystathionine beta lyase) mutant was produced from a virulent strain of s. gallinarum by mini-tn5 insertional inactivation. the mutant was significantly attenuated in virulen ... | 2007 | 17046177 |
| [specified pathogen-free poultry flocks: the current situation]. | before the implementation of strategies to establish specified pathogen-free commercial poultry flocks, the ultimate goals need to be identified: 1) consumer protection by minimizing the risk for zoonotic diseases and food-borne pathogens, and/or 2) animal health protection against primary and secondary pathogens. the success for the establishment of specific pathogen-free poultry flocks depends on the biological characteristics, the epidemiological distribution and the transmission route of eac ... | 2005 | 16218186 |
| the genome of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum: distinct insertions/deletions and rare rearrangements. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum is a fowl-adapted pathogen, causing typhoid fever in chickens. it has the same antigenic formula (1,9,12:--:--) as s. enterica serovar pullorum, which is also adapted to fowl but causes pullorum disease (diarrhea). the close relatedness but distinct pathogeneses make this pair of fowl pathogens good models for studies of bacterial genomic evolution and the way these organisms acquired pathogenicity. to locate and characterize the genomic differences between ... | 2005 | 15995186 |
| [a short history of phage therapy]. | from 1920 to 1940, phage therapy was extensively used to treat various infectious diseases. in 1915, félix d'herelle followed cases of bacillary dysentery in the institut pasteur hospital. he observed "clear spots" on bacteria culture. in 1917, d'herelle presented a note to the "académie des sciences de paris" entitled: "on an invisible microbe, an antagonist of the dysentery bacillus". d'herelle named this microbial agent bactériophage. in 1919, there was an epidemic of "fowl typhoid" in france ... | 2008 | 18692974 |
| novel haemolysins of salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar gallinarum. | haemolysins of salmonella are important due to their probable role in pathogenesis of systemic salmonellosis and use in sub-serovar level typing. the present study was undertaken to determine haemolytic potential of salmonella gallinarum strains through phenotypic and genotypic methods. amplification of haemolysin gene (clya) and cytolysin gene (slya) was attempted in order to determine their role in haemolysin production. study on 94 strains of s. gallinarum revealed the production of two types ... | 2005 | 16053269 |