| rsmc of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora negatively controls motility, extracellular protein production, and virulence by binding flhd and modulating transcriptional activity of the master regulator, flhdc. | rsmc and flhdc are global regulators controlling extracellular proteins/enzymes, rsmb rna, motility, and virulence of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. flhdc, the master regulator of flagellar genes, controls these traits by positively regulating gaca, flia, and rsmc and negatively regulating hexa. rsmc, on the other hand, is a negative regulator of extracellular proteins/enzymes, motility, and virulence since the deficiency of rsmc in flhdc(+) strain results in overproduction of extracellul ... | 2009 | 19447906 |
| identification of an isr-related metabolite produced by rhizobacterium klebsiella oxytoca c1036 active against soft-rot disease pathogen in tobacco. | klebsiella oxytoca c1036 (c1036) causes induced systemic resistance (isr) activity against the soft-rot pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum scc1 (scc1). however, microbial metabolites from c1036 involved in isr activity remain unknown. the present study was performed to identify an isr-related metabolite produced by c1036. | 2009 | 19504536 |
| design, synthesis and in vitro antibacterial/antifungal evaluation of novel 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7(1-piperazinyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives. | a series of 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7(1-piperazinyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (norfloxacin) derivatives were prepared according to the principle of combinating bioactive substructures and tested for their activities against five plant pathogenic bacteria and three fungi in vitro. the preliminary bioassays indicated that almost all synthesized target compounds retained the antibacterial activities of norfloxacin and had some antifungal activities as carboxylic acid amide compounds. t ... | 2009 | 19560843 |
| extracellular secretion of carocin s1 in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum occurs via the type iii secretion system integral to the bacterial flagellum. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a phytopathogenic enterobacterium responsible for soft rot, a disease characterized by extensive maceration of the affected plant tissue. this species also produces two or more antibacterial substances called bacteriocins, which enhance its competitiveness against related rival species. however, the secretion mechanism for low-molecular-weight bacteriocin is still unknown. | 2009 | 19712460 |
| novel n-acylhomoserine lactone-degrading bacteria isolated from the leaf surface of solanum tuberosum and their quorum-quenching properties. | we isolated and identified ahl-degrading bacteria from the leaf surface of solanum tuberosum. the 16 isolates inactivated both short- and long-chain ahls. two of these isolates, identified as microbacterium testaceum, showed putative ahl-lactonase activity. these two strains interrupted quorum-sensing dependent bacterial infection by plant pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. m. testaceum strains, which were isolated in this study, might be useful in the biocontrol of plant di ... | 2009 | 19734660 |
| identification of novel bioactive hexapeptides against phytopathogenic bacteria through rapid screening of a synthetic combinatorial library. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are considered to be a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics for future generations. we identified four novel hexapeptides with antimicrobial activity: kcm11 (twwrww-nh(2)), kcm12 (kwrwiw-nh(2)), kcm21 (kwwwrw-nh(2)), and krs22 (wrwfih-nh(2)), through positional scanning of a synthetic peptide combinatorial library (ps-scl). the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria and unicellular fungi was evaluated. kcm11 and krs22 p ... | 2009 | 19734717 |
| biological properties of the chilean native moss sphagnum magellanicum. | an ethanol extract prepared from the gametophyte chilean native moss sphagnum magellanicum was dried out, weighed and dissolved in distilled water. this extract was then assayed for its antibacterial activity against the g(-) bacteria azotobacter vinelandii, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, vibrio cholerae, and the g(+) bacteria staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, and streptococcus type beta. the growth of ... | 2009 | 19746269 |
| invasive and indigenous microbiota impact intestinal stem cell activity through multiple pathways in drosophila. | gut homeostasis is controlled by both immune and developmental mechanisms, and its disruption can lead to inflammatory disorders or cancerous lesions of the intestine. while the impact of bacteria on the mucosal immune system is beginning to be precisely understood, little is known about the effects of bacteria on gut epithelium renewal. here, we addressed how both infectious and indigenous bacteria modulate stem cell activity in drosophila. we show that the increased epithelium renewal observed ... | 2009 | 19797770 |
| kunitz trypsin inhibitor: an antagonist of cell death triggered by phytopathogens and fumonisin b1 in arabidopsis. | programmed cell death (pcd) is a central regulatory process in both plant development and in plant responses to pathogens. pcd requires a coordinate activation of pro-apoptotic factors such as proteases and suppressors inhibiting and modulating these processes. in plants, various caspase-like cysteine proteases as well as serine proteases have been implicated in pcd. here, we show that a serine protease (kunitz trypsin) inhibitor (kti1) of arabidopsis acts as a functional kti when produced in ba ... | 2008 | 19825555 |
| the effects of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate on the tobacco proteome. | extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (eatp) is emerging as an important plant signalling compound capable of mobilising intracellular second messengers such as ca(2+), nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species. however, the downstream molecular targets and the spectrum of physiological processes that eatp regulates are largely unknown. we used exogenous atp and a non-hydrolysable analogue as probes to identify the molecular and physiological effects of eatp-mediated signalling in tobacco. 2-d ... | 2010 | 19899079 |
| toll-dependent antimicrobial responses in drosophila larval fat body require spätzle secreted by haemocytes. | in drosophila, the humoral response characterised by the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (amps) in the fat body (the equivalent of the mammalian liver) and the cellular response mediated by haemocytes (blood cells) engaged in phagocytosis represent two major reactions that counter pathogens. although considerable analysis has permitted the elucidation of mechanisms pertaining to the two responses individually, the mechanism of their coordination has been unclear. to characterise the signals ... | 2009 | 19934223 |
| [the characteristic of the colispecific bacteriocins of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora ec153]. | it has been shown for the first time that macromolecular carotovoricins from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora ec153 strain are active to escherichia coli and posses endonuclease activity. it has been established that 19.1% of strains isolated from the patients are sensitive to these bacteriocins. the type and the form of these particles have been also determined and they show resemblance with phage objects. | 2009 | 19938602 |
| long-range activation of systemic immunity through peptidoglycan diffusion in drosophila. | the systemic immune response of drosophila is known to be induced both by septic injury and by oral infection with certain bacteria, and is characterized by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (amps) into the haemolymph. to investigate other possible routes of bacterial infection, we deposited erwinia carotovora (ecc15) on various sites of the cuticle and monitored the immune response via expression of the amp gene diptericin. a strong response was observed to deposition on the genital plate ... | 2009 | 20019799 |
| mutations in rpsl that confer streptomycin resistance show pleiotropic effects on virulence and the production of a carbapenem antibiotic in erwinia carotovora. | spontaneous streptomycin-resistant derivatives of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain attn10 were isolated. sequencing of the rpsl locus (encoding the ribosomal protein s12) showed that each mutant was missense, with a single base change, resulting in the substitution of the wild-type lysine by arginine, threonine or asparagine at codon 43. phenotypic analyses showed that the rpsl mutants could be segregated into two groups: k43r mutants showed reduced production of the beta-lactam secon ... | 2010 | 20056700 |
| a role for the rcs phosphorelay in regulating expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. | the rcs phosphorelay is a signal transduction system that influences the virulence phenotype of several pathogenic bacteria. in the plant pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc) the response regulator of the rcs phosphorelay, rcsb, represses expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (pcwde) and motility. the focus of this study was to identify genes directly regulated by the binding of rcsb that also regulate expression of pcwde genes in pcc. rcsb-binding sites within ... | 2010 | 20110299 |
| aiim, a novel class of n-acylhomoserine lactonase from the leaf-associated bacterium microbacterium testaceum. | n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) are used as quorum-sensing signal molecules by many gram-negative bacteria. we have reported that microbacterium testaceum stlb037, which was isolated from the leaf surface of potato, has ahl-degrading activity. in this study, we cloned the aiim gene from the genomic library of stlb037, which has ahl-degrading activity and shows high homology with the alpha/beta hydrolase fold family from actinobacteria. purified aiim as a maltose binding fusion protein showed hi ... | 2010 | 20173075 |
| cooperative regulation of the induction of the novel antibacterial listericin by peptidoglycan recognition protein le and the jak-stat pathway. | intracellular bacteria cause serious infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, shigellosis, and listeriosis. the drosophila peptidoglycan recognition protein (pgrp)-le functions as an important host pattern recognition receptor against intracellular bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes. one pgrp-le-mediated intracellular response against l. monocytogenes infection is the induction of autophagy, a conserved intracellular degradation system. here, to further elucidate pgrp-le-mediated intracell ... | 2010 | 20348097 |
| aepa of pectobacterium is not involved in the regulation of extracellular plant cell wall degrading enzymes production. | plant cell wall degrading enzymes (pcwde) are the major virulence determinants in phytopathogenic pectobacterium, and their production is controlled by many regulatory factors. in this study, we focus on the role of the aepa protein, which was previously described to be a global regulator of pcwde production in pectobacterium carotovorum (murata et al. in mol plant microbe interact 4:239-246, 1991). our results show that neither inactivation nor overexpression of aepa affects pcwde production in ... | 2010 | 20386924 |
| a novel method for constructing pathogen-regulated small rna cdna library. | pathogen-responsive endogenous small non-coding rnas regulate gene expression in relation to plant immune responses by serving as rna silencing machinery. decay caused by the bacterium, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc), often leads to soft rot disease in the plant brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis (bcp). to discover endogenous small rna species in bcp in response to ecc infection, we developed a highly efficient approach for cloning pathogen-regulated small rnas. a group of degene ... | 2010 | 20515661 |
| a secondary metabolite acting as a signalling molecule controls pseudomonas entomophila virulence. | pseudomonas entomophila is an entomopathogenic bacterium that is lethal to drosophila melanogaster within 1-2 days of ingestion of high doses. flies orally infected with p. entomophila rapidly succumb despite the induction of both local and systemic immune responses. recent studies suggest that its virulence relies on its ability to cause irreversible damages to the intestinal epithelium, in contrast to what is observed with milder pathogenic bacteria such as erwinia carotovora carotovora ecc15 ... | 2010 | 20597908 |
| biochemical and thermal stabilization parameters of polygalacturonase from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora br1. | with emphasis on thermal behavior in presence of different ph conditions and salts, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of purified polygalacturonase (pg) of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) br1 were studied since characterization of an enzyme is significant in the context of burgeoning biotechnological applications. thermodynamic parameters for polygalacturonic acid hydrolysis by purified pg were, deltah* = 7.98 kj/mol, deltag* = 68.86 kj/mol, deltas*= -194.48 j/mol/k, deltag(e-s) = - ... | 2010 | 20668400 |
| regulation of motility in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: quorum-sensing signal controls flhdc, the global regulator of flagellar and exoprotein genes, by modulating the production of rsma, an rna-binding protein. | erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora causes soft-rotting (tissue-macerating) disease in many plants and plant organs. although pectinases are the primary determinants of virulence, several ancillary factors that augment bacterial virulence have also been identified. one such factor is bacterial motility. flagellum formation and bacterial movement are regulated in many enterobacteria, including e. carotovora subsp. carotovora, by flhdc, the master regulator of flagellar genes and flia, a flagellu ... | 2010 | 20831410 |
| characterization of a new bacteriocin, carocin d, from pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pcc21. | two different bacteriocins, carotovoricin and carocin s1, had been found in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, which causes soft-rot disease in diverse plants. previously, we reported that the particular strain pcc21, producing only one high-molecular-weight bacteriocin, carried a new antibacterial activity against the indicator strain pcc3. here, we report that this new antibacterial activity is due to a new bacteriocin produced by strain pcc21 and named carocin d. carocin d is enco ... | 2010 | 20870796 |
| discovery of a quorum sensing modulator pharmacophore by 3d small-molecule microarray screening. | the screening of large arrays of drug-like small-molecules was traditionally a time consuming and resource intensive task. new methodology developed within our laboratories provides an attractive low cost, 3d microarray-assisted screening platform that could be used to rapidly assay thousands of compounds. as a proof-of-principle the platform was exploited to screen a number of quorum sensing analogs. quorum sensing is used by bacterium to initiate and spread infection; in this context its modul ... | 2010 | 20886127 |
| occurrence of pectobacterium carotovorum strains isolated from potato soft rot in morocco. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, pectobacterium astrosepticum and pectobacterium chrysanthemi are the soft rot tuber of potatoes pathogens (solanum tuberosum). the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of these pathogens in moroccan regions producing potatoes. fifty three isolates of pectobacterium were isolated on medium crystal violet pectate. the comparison of their bacteriological characteristics with standard strains allowed us to conclude that all the isolates bel ... | 2010 | 20937219 |
| drosophila egfr pathway coordinates stem cell proliferation and gut remodeling following infection. | gut homeostasis is central to whole organism health, and its disruption is associated with a broad range of pathologies. following damage, complex physiological events are required in the gut to maintain proper homeostasis. previously, we demonstrated that ingestion of a nonlethal pathogen, erwinia carotovora carotovora 15, induces a massive increase in stem cell proliferation in the gut of drosophila. however, the precise cellular events that occur following infection have not been quantitative ... | 2010 | 21176204 |
| assessment of root-associated paenibacillus polymyxa groups on growth promotion and induced systemic resistance in pepper. | twenty-nine p. polymyxa strains isolated from rhizospheres of various crops were clustered into five genotypic groups on the basis of box-pcr analysis. the characteristics of several plant growth-promoting factors among the isolates revealed the distinct attributes in each allocated group. under gnotobiotic conditions, inoculation of pepper roots with p. polymyxa isolates significantly increased the biomass in 17 of total 29 treated plants with untreated plants. experiments on induced systemic r ... | 2010 | 21193814 |
| natural-light labeling of tomatoes does not facilitate growth or penetration of salmonella into the fruit. | the survival-growth capacity of salmonella populations on tomato epidermis labeled by a natural-light labeling system was investigated after persistent fears of such marks serving as possible entryways for the pathogenic organisms, alone and in the presence of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, a soft-rot organism. different treatments involving natural-light labeling, fruit waxing, and a five-strain cocktail of salmonella were applied to mature green tomato surfaces in different seq ... | 2010 | 21219748 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus subtilis bsn5, an endophytic bacterium of amorphophallus konjac with antimicrobial activity for the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. | here, we present the complete genome sequence of bacillus subtilis strain bsn5, isolated from amorphophallus konjac calli tissue and showing strong inhibitory activity to erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, which causes amorphophallus soft rot disease and affects the industry development of this organism. | 2011 | 21317323 |
| [abortive infection in erwinia carotovora, as a source of nanoparticles of phage nature]. | a possibility to obtain nanoparticles of phage nature using abortive phage infection was shown for the first time. it was found out that the nonspecific host erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora j2 being infected by phage zf 40-rt80, the cells form a 100-fold surplus of capsid structures. using the electron microscope the authors have found two types of phage capsids which differ from each other and have different modal diameters--47.5 and 71.5 nm. the found capsids pack the phage dna which rele ... | 2010 | 21381318 |
| [transduction as one of the methods of obtaining genetic information in erwinia]. | transduction is one of the key processes of horizontal transfer of genes in bacteria. it is known that it is involved in distribution of the main factors of pathogenicity among numerous enterobacteria. it is shown that clear mutants and some variants of the temperate bacteriophage zf40 erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora can perform general transduction of chromosome and plasmid genes of the bacterium e. carotovora. the indicators of chromosome transduction frequencies of the markers--arg+, met ... | 2011 | 21442953 |
| pathogen and host factors are needed to provoke a systemic host response to gastrointestinal infection of drosophila larvae by candida albicans. | candida albicans systemic dissemination in immunocompromised patients is thought to develop from initial gastrointestinal (gi) colonisation. it is unclear what components of the innate immune system are necessary for preventing c. albicans dissemination from the gi tract, but studies in mice have indicated that both neutropenia and gi mucosal damage are crucial for allowing widespread invasive c. albicans disease. mouse models, however, provide limited applicability to genome-wide screens for pa ... | 2011 | 21540243 |
| cloning, purification, and functional characterization of carocin s2, a ribonuclease bacteriocin produced by pectobacterium carotovorum. | abstract: background: most isolates of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc) produce bacteriocins. in this study, we have determined that pcc strain f-rif-18 has a chromosomal gene encoding the low-molecular-weight bacteriocin, carocin s2, and that this bacteriocin inhibits the growth of a closely related strain. carocin s2 is inducible by ultraviolet radiation but not by mutagenic agents such as mitomycin c. results: a carocin s2-defective mutant, tf1-2, was obtained by tn5 insert ... | 2011 | 21569432 |
| [peculiarities of morphogenetical development of virulent mutants of erwiniophage zf40]. | the distortion of morphopoiesis or tail attachment to the capsid is a characteristic feature of morphogenetical development not only of a reproductive infection but also of the lysogenic induction of the defective bacteriophage erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc). a model system for studying morphogenetical development and assembling of the virion was created on the basis of the phage zf40 and its two virulent mutants zf40-421 and zf40(5/5), as well as the indicator culture ecc m2-4/50 r1 ... | 2011 | 21598661 |
| identification and expression analysis of chitinase genes related to biotic stress resistance in brassica. | brassica is a very important vegetable group because of its contribution to human nutrition and consequent economic benefits. however, biotic stress is a major concern for these crops and molecular biology techniques offer the most efficient of approaches to address this concern. chitinase is an important biotic stress resistance-related gene. we identified three genes designated as brassica chitinase like protein (brclp1), brclp2 and brclp3 from a full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. o ... | 2011 | 21720758 |
| toll-8/tollo negatively regulates antimicrobial response in the drosophila respiratory epithelium. | barrier epithelia that are persistently exposed to microbes have evolved potent immune tools to eliminate such pathogens. if mechanisms that control drosophila systemic responses are well-characterized, the epithelial immune responses remain poorly understood. here, we performed a genetic dissection of the cascades activated during the immune response of the drosophila airway epithelium i.e. trachea. we present evidence that bacteria induced-antimicrobial peptide (amp) production in the trachea ... | 2011 | 22022271 |
| complete genome sequence and characterization of the n-acylhomoserine lactone-degrading gene of the potato leaf-associated solibacillus silvestris. | n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) are used as quorum-sensing signal molecules by many gram-negative bacteria. we have reported that solibacillus silvestris, which was isolated from the potato leaf, has ahl-degrading activity. to identify the ahl-degrading gene, whole genome sequencing of s. silvestris stlb046 was performed by using pyrosequencing technology. as the result of the blast search, one predicted orf (ahls) showed slight similarity to aiia-like ahl lactonase from bacillus cereus group. ... | 2011 | 22019407 |
| the 3-hydroxy-2-butanone pathway is required for pectobacterium carotovorum pathogenesis. | pectobacterium species are necrotrophic bacterial pathogens that cause soft rot diseases in potatoes and several other crops worldwide. gene expression data identified pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum budb, which encodes the α-acetolactate synthase enzyme in the 2,3-butanediol pathway, as more highly expressed in potato tubers than potato stems. this pathway is of interest because volatiles produced by the 2,3-butanediol pathway have been shown to act as plant growth promoting molec ... | 2011 | 21876734 |
| The Iturin-like Lipopeptides Are Essential Components in the Biological Control Arsenal of Bacillus subtilis Against Bacterial Diseases of Cucurbits. | The antibacterial potential of four strains of Bacillus subtilis, UMAF6614, UMAF6619, UMAF6639, and UMAF8561, previously selected on the basis of their antifungal activity and efficacy against cucurbit powdery mildew, was examined. Among these strains, UMAF6614 and UMAF6639 showed the highest antibacterial activity in vitro, especially against Xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. These strains produced the three families of lipopeptide antibiot ... | 2011 | 22066902 |
| [detection of bacteriophages of siphoviridae family in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora]. | it was established that the polylysogenic phage system of culture erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 91p includes: a) defective bacteriophages of myoviridae family, which are displayed as macromolecular carotovoricins b) valuable highly unstable temperate phage, which can be attributed to the family myoviridae, and which, perhaps, is an analogue of phage zf40 [6], and c) resistant to osmotic shock temperate phage of family siphoviridae. this phage, called tiri, consists of isometric head 50 nm ... | 2011 | 22308753 |
| genomic, proteomic and morphological characterization of two novel broad host lytic bacteriophages φpd10.3 and φpd23.1 infecting pectinolytic pectobacterium spp. and dickeya spp. | pectinolytic pectobacterium spp. and dickeya spp. are necrotrophic bacterial pathogens of many important crops, including potato, worldwide. this study reports on the isolation and characterization of broad host lytic bacteriophages able to infect the dominant pectobacterium spp. and dickeya spp. affecting potato in europe viz. pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc), p. wasabiae (pwa) and dickeya solani (dso) with the objective to assess their potential as biological disease control ... | 2015 | 25803051 |
| new frontiers in immunology. workshop on the road ahead: future directions in fundamental and clinical immunology. | | 2005 | 15976818 |
| simultaneous detection of major blackleg and soft rot bacterial pathogens in potato by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for simultaneous, fast and reliable detection of the main soft rot and blackleg potato pathogens in europe has been developed. it utilises three pairs of primers and enables detection of three groups of pectinolytic bacteria frequently found in potato, namely: pectobacterium atrosepticum, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum together with pectobacterium wasabiae and dickeya spp. in a multiplex pcr assay. in studies with axenic cultures o ... | 2014 | 25506085 |
| a study on l-asparaginase of nocardia levis mk-vl_113. | an enzyme-based drug, l-asparaginase, was produced by nocardia levis mk-vl_113 isolated from laterite soils of guntur region. cultural parameters affecting the production of l-asparaginase by the strain were optimized. maximal yields of l-asparaginase were recorded from 3-day-old culture grown in modified asparagine-glycerol salts broth with initial ph 7.0 at temperature 30°c. glycerol (2%) and yeast extract (1.5%) served as good carbon and nitrogen sources for l-asparaginase production, respect ... | 2012 | 22619604 |
| purification, characterization, cytotoxicity and anticancer activities of l-asparaginase, anti-colon cancer protein, from the newly isolated alkaliphilic streptomyces fradiae neae-82. | l-asparaginase is an important enzyme as therapeutic agents used in combination with other drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. a newly isolated actinomycetes strain, streptomyces sp. neae-82, was potentially producing extracellular l-asparaginase, it was identified as streptomyces fradiae neae-82, sequencing product was deposited in the genbank database under accession number kj467538. l-asparaginase was purified from the crude enzyme using ammonium sulfate precipitation, dia ... | 2016 | 27605431 |
| purification and characterization of glutaminase free asparaginase from enterobacter cloacae: in-vitro evaluation of cytotoxic potential against human myeloid leukemia hl-60 cells. | asparaginase is an important antileukemic agent extensively used worldwide but the intrinsic glutaminase activity of this enzymatic drug is responsible for serious life threatening side effects. hence, glutaminase free asparaginase is much needed for upgradation of therapeutic index of asparaginase therapy. in the present study, glutaminase free asparaginase produced from enterobacter cloacae was purified to apparent homogeneity. the purified enzyme was found to be homodimer of approximately 106 ... | 2016 | 26891220 |
| deciphering the dual effect of lipopolysaccharides from plant pathogenic pectobacterium. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) are a component of the outer cell surface of almost all gram-negative bacteria and play an essential role for bacterial growth and survival. lipopolysaccharides represent typical microbe-associated molecular pattern (mamp) molecules and have been reported to induce defense-related responses, including the expression of defense genes and the suppression of the hypersensitive response in plants. however, depending on their origin and the challenged plant, lps were shown t ... | 2015 | 25760034 |
| the type iii secreted effector dspe is required early in solanum tuberosum leaf infection by pectobacterium carotovorum to cause cell death, and requires wx(3-6)d/e motifs. | pectobacterium species are enterobacterial plant-pathogens that cause soft rot disease in diverse plant species. unlike hemi-biotrophic plant pathogenic bacteria, the type iii secretion system (t3ss) of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (p. carotovorum) appears to secrete only one effector protein, dspe. previously, we found that the t3ss regulator hrpl and the effector dspe are required for p. carotovorum pathogenesis on leaves. here, we identified genes up-regulated by hrpl, visual ... | 2013 | 23755246 |
| modulation of quorum sensing in acylhomoserine lactone-producing or -degrading tobacco plants leads to alteration of induced systemic resistance elicited by the rhizobacterium serratia marcescens 90-166. | numerous root-associated bacteria (rhizobacteria) are known to elicit induced systemic resistance (isr) in plants. bacterial cell-density-dependent quorum sensing (qs) is thought to be important for isr. here, we investigated the role of qs in the isr elicited by the rhizobacterium, serratia marcescens strain 90-166, in tobacco. since s. marcescens 90-166 produces at least three qs signals, qs-mediated isr in strain 90-166 has been difficult to understand. therefore, we investigated the isr capa ... | 2013 | 25288945 |
| ralstonia solanacearum requires pops, an ancient avre-family effector, for virulence and to overcome salicylic acid-mediated defenses during tomato pathogenesis. | during bacterial wilt of tomato, the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum upregulates expression of pops, which encodes a type iii-secreted effector in the avre family. pops is a core effector present in all sequenced strains in the r. solanacearum species complex. the phylogeny of pops mirrors that of the species complex as a whole, suggesting that this is an ancient, vertically inherited effector needed for association with plants. a pops mutant of r. solanacearum uw551 had reduced virulence ... | 2013 | 24281716 |
| water extract from spent mushroom substrate of hericium erinaceus suppresses bacterial wilt disease of tomato. | culture filtrates of six different edible mushroom species were screened for antimicrobial activity against tomato wilt bacteria ralstonia solanacearum b3. hericium erinaceus, lentinula edodes (sanjo 701), grifola frondosa, and hypsizygus marmoreus showed antibacterial activity against the bacteria. water, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of spent mushroom substrate (sms) of h. erinaceus exhibited high antibacterial activity against different phytopathogenic bacteria: pectobacterium carotov ... | 2015 | 26539048 |
| selection of a protein solubilization method suitable for phytopathogenic bacteria: a proteomics approach. | finding the best extraction method of proteins from lysed cells is the key step for detection and identification in all proteomics applications. these are important to complement the knowledge about the mechanisms of interaction between plants and phytopathogens causing major economic losses. to develop an optimized extraction protocol, strains of acidovorax citrulli, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and ralstonia solanacearum were used as representative cells in the study of phytop ... | 2015 | 25670925 |
| determinants of plant growth-promoting ochrobactrum lupini kudc1013 involved in induction of systemic resistance against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in tobacco leaves. | the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium ochrobactrum lupini kudc1013 elicited induced systemic resistance (isr) in tobacco against soft rot disease caused by pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. we investigated of its factors involved in isr elicitation. to characterize the isr determinants, kudc1013 cell suspension, heat-treated cells, supernatant from a culture medium, crude bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and flagella were tested for their isr activities. both lps and flagella ... | 2013 | 25288944 |
| one shot-two pathogens blocked: exposure of arabidopsis to hexadecane, a long chain volatile organic compound, confers induced resistance against both pectobacterium carotovorum and pseudomonas syringae. | bacteria and plant derived volatile organic compounds have been reported as the chemical triggers that elicit induced resistance in plants. previously, volatile organic compounds (vocs), including acetoin and 2,3-butanediol, were found to be emitted from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) bacillus subtilis gb03, which had been shown to elicit isr and plant growth promotion. more recently, we reported data that stronger induced resistance could be elicited against pseudomonas syringae pv ... | 2013 | 23603940 |
| activation of shikimate, phenylpropanoid, oxylipins, and auxin pathways in pectobacterium carotovorum elicitors-treated moss. | plants have developed complex defense mechanisms to cope with microbial pathogens. pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) are perceived by pattern recognition receptors (prrs), leading to the activation of defense. while substantial progress has been made in understanding the activation of plant defense by pamps and damps recognition in tracheophytes, far less information exists on related processes in early divergent plants like mosses. t ... | 2016 | 27047509 |
| biodegradation of selected nigerian fruit peels by the use of a non-pathogenic rhizobium species cwp g34b. | this study was carried out to determine the ability of rhizobium species cwp g34b to degrade the peels of selected nigerian fruits. the potential of the bacterium to digest some carbon sources (lactose, maltose, sucrose and mannitol) and peels of some nigerian fruits (pineapple, orange, plantain, banana, pawpaw and mango fruits) was investigated by growing the organism on the substances separately after which dnsa reagent method was used to quantify glucose released into the medium. the results ... | 2012 | 23166567 |
| salmonella enterica suppresses pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum population and soft rot progression by acidifying the microaerophilic environment. | although enteric human pathogens are usually studied in the context of their animal hosts, a significant portion of their life cycle occurs on plants. plant disease alters the phyllosphere, leading to enhanced growth of human pathogens; however, the impact of human pathogens on phytopathogen biology and plant health is largely unknown. to characterize the interaction between human pathogens and phytobacterial pathogens in the phyllosphere, we examined the interactions between pectobacterium caro ... | 2013 | 23404399 |
| quantitative multiplex detection of plant pathogens using a novel ligation probe-based system coupled with universal, high-throughput real-time pcr on openarrays. | diagnostics and disease-management strategies require technologies to enable the simultaneous detection and quantification of a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. most multiplex, quantitative detection methods available suffer from compromises between the level of multiplexing, throughput and accuracy of quantification. here, we demonstrate the efficacy of a novel, high-throughput, ligation-based assay for simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple plant pathogens. the ligation probes ... | 2007 | 17697351 |
| gut-associated microbes of drosophila melanogaster. | there is growing interest in using drosophila melanogaster to elucidate mechanisms that underlie the complex relationships between a host and its microbiota. in addition to the many genetic resources and tools drosophila provides, its associated microbiota is relatively simple (1-30 taxa), in contrast to the complex diversity associated with vertebrates (> 500 taxa). these attributes highlight the potential of this system to dissect the complex cellular and molecular interactions that occur betw ... | 2012 | 22572876 |
| interference of quorum sensing by delftia sp. vm4 depends on the activity of a novel n-acylhomoserine lactone-acylase. | turf soil bacterial isolate delftia sp. vm4 can degrade exogenous n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl), hence it effectively attenuates the virulence of bacterial soft rot pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain br1 (pcc br1) as a consequence of quorum sensing inhibition. | 2015 | 26384328 |
| attenuation of quorum sensing regulated virulence of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum through an ahl lactonase produced by lysinibacillus sp. gs50. | quorum sensing (qs) is a mechanism in which gram negative bacterial pathogens sense their population density through acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) and regulate the expression of virulence factors. enzymatic degradation of ahls by lactonases, known as quorum quenching (qq), is thus a potential strategy for attenuating qs regulated bacterial infections. we characterised the qq activity of soil isolate lysinibacillus sp. gs50 and explored its potential for controlling bacterial soft rot of crop p ... | 2016 | 27911925 |
| the drosophila caspase dredd is required to resist gram-negative bacterial infection. | the drosophila innate immune system discriminates between pathogens and responds by inducing the expression of specific antimicrobial peptide-encoding genes through distinct signaling cascades. fungal infection activates nf-kappab-like transcription factors via the toll pathway, which also regulates innate immune responses in mammals. the pathways that mediate antibacterial defenses, however, are less defined. we have isolated loss-of-function mutations in the caspase encoding gene dredd, which ... | 2000 | 11269502 |
| downregulation of the drosophila immune response by peptidoglycan-recognition proteins sc1 and sc2. | peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (pgrps) are evolutionarily conserved molecules that are structurally related to bacterial amidases. several drosophila pgrps have lost this enzymatic activity and serve as microbe sensors through peptidoglycan recognition. other pgrp family members, such as drosophila pgrp-sc1 or mammalian pgrp-l, have conserved the amidase function and are able to cleave peptidoglycan in vitro. however, the contribution of these amidase pgrps to host defense in vivo has remain ... | 2006 | 16518472 |
| the drosophila imd pathway in the activation of the humoral immune response. | the imd pathway signaling plays a pivotal role in the drosophila defense against bacteria. during the last two decades, significant progress has been made in identifying the components and deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathway, including the means of bacterial sensing and signal transduction. while these findings have contributed to the understanding of the immune signaling in insects, they have also provided new insights in studying the mammalian nf-κb signaling pathways. ... | 2013 | 23721820 |
| the drosophila imd pathway in the activation of the humoral immune response. | the imd pathway signaling plays a pivotal role in the drosophila defense against bacteria. during the last two decades, significant progress has been made in identifying the components and deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathway, including the means of bacterial sensing and signal transduction. while these findings have contributed to the understanding of the immune signaling in insects, they have also provided new insights in studying the mammalian nf-κb signaling pathways. ... | 2013 | 23721820 |
| ecdysone triggered pgrp-lc expression controls drosophila innate immunity. | throughout the animal kingdom, steroid hormones have been implicated in the defense against microbial infection, but how these systemic signals control immunity is unclear. here, we show that the steroid hormone ecdysone controls the expression of the pattern recognition receptor pgrp-lc in drosophila, thereby tightly regulating innate immune recognition and defense against bacterial infection. we identify a group of steroid-regulated transcription factors as well as two gata transcription facto ... | 2013 | 23652443 |
| prophenoloxidase activation is required for survival to microbial infections in drosophila. | the melanization reaction is a major immune response in arthropods and involves the rapid synthesis of melanin at the site of infection and injury. a key enzyme in the melanization process is phenoloxidase (po), which catalyzes the oxidation of phenols to quinones, which subsequently polymerize into melanin. the drosophila genome encodes three pos, which are primarily produced as zymogens or prophenoloxidases (ppo). two of them, ppo1 and ppo2, are produced by crystal cells. here we have generate ... | 2014 | 24788090 |
| mir-34 modulates innate immunity and ecdysone signaling in drosophila. | micrornas are endogenous small regulatory rnas that modulate myriad biological processes by repressing target gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. here we show that the conserved mirna mir-34 regulates innate immunity and ecdysone signaling in drosophila. mir-34 over-expression activates antibacterial innate immunity signaling both in cultured cells and in vivo, and flies over-expressing mir-34 display improved survival and pathogen clearance upon gram-negative bacterial infection; whe ... | 2016 | 27893816 |
| complete genome sequence of phytopathogenic pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum bacteriophage pp1. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a phytopathogen causing soft rot disease on diverse plant species. to control this plant pathogen, p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum-targeting bacteriophage pp1 was isolated and its genome was completely sequenced to develop a novel biocontrol agent. interestingly, the 44,400-bp genome sequence does not encode any gene involved in the formation of lysogen, suggesting that this phage may be very useful as a biocontrol agent because it does not make ... | 2012 | 22843859 |
| mutations in the drosophila dtak1 gene reveal a conserved function for mapkkks in the control of rel/nf-kappab-dependent innate immune responses. | in mammals, tak1, a mapkkk kinase, is implicated in multiple signaling processes, including the regulation of nf-kappab activity via the il1-r/tlr pathways. tak1 function has largely been studied in cultured cells, and its in vivo function is not fully understood. we have isolated null mutations in the drosophila dtak1 gene that encodes dtak1, a homolog of tak1. dtak1 mutant flies are viable and fertile, but they do not produce antibacterial peptides and are highly susceptible to gram-negative b ... | 2001 | 11485985 |
| an essential complementary role of nf-kappab pathway to microbicidal oxidants in drosophila gut immunity. | in the drosophila gut, reactive oxygen species (ros)-dependent immunity is critical to host survival. this is in contrast to the nf-kappab pathway whose physiological function in the microbe-laden epithelia has yet to be convincingly demonstrated despite playing a critical role during systemic infections. we used a novel in vivo approach to reveal the physiological role of gut nf-kappab/antimicrobial peptide (amp) system, which has been 'masked' in the presence of the dominant intestinal ros-dep ... | 2006 | 16858400 |
| drosophila calcineurin promotes induction of innate immune responses. | the sophisticated adaptive immune system of vertebrates overlies an ancient set of innate immune-response pathways, which have been genetically dissected in drosophila. although conserved regulatory pathways have been defined, calcineurin, a ca(2+)-dependent phosphatase, has not been previously implicated in drosophila immunity. calcineurin activates mammalian immune responses by activating the nuclear translocation of the vertebrate-specific transcription factors nfat1-4. in drosophila, infecti ... | 2007 | 18060786 |
| a non-redundant role for drosophila mkk4 and hemipterous/mkk7 in tak1-mediated activation of jnk. | the jnk pathway is a mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase pathway involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes during development and in response to environmental stress. jnk activity is controlled by two mapk kinases (mapkk), mkk4 and mkk7. mkk7 plays a prominent role upon tumor necrosis factor (tnf) stimulation. eiger, the unique tnf-superfamily ligand in drosophila, potently activates jnk signaling through the activation of the mapkkk tak1. | 2009 | 19888449 |
| bacterial-modulated host immunity and stem cell activation for gut homeostasis. | although it is widely accepted that dynamic cross-talk between gut epithelia and microorganisms must occur to achieve gut homeostasis, the critical mechanisms by which gut-microbe interactions are regulated remain uncertain. in this issue of genes & development, buchon and colleagues (pp. 2333-2344) revealed that the reaction of the gut to microorganisms is not restricted to activating immune systems, but extends to integrated responses essential for gut tissue homeostasis, including self-renewa ... | 2009 | 19797765 |
| lack of an antibacterial response defect in drosophila toll-9 mutant. | toll and toll-like receptors represent families of receptors involved in mediating innate immunity response in insects and mammals. although drosophila proteome contains multiple toll paralogs, toll-1 is, so far, the only receptor to which an immune role has been attributed. in contrast, every single mammalian tlr is a key membrane receptor upstream of the vertebrate immune signaling cascades. the prevailing view is that tlr-mediated immunity is ancient. structural analysis reveals that drosophi ... | 2011 | 21386906 |
| genome sequence of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain pcc21, a pathogen causing soft rot in chinese cabbage. | pectobacterium carotovorum is a plant-pathogenic enterobacterium responsible for soft rot in various commercially important plants. here we report the complete genome sequence and automatic annotation of strain pcc21. | 2012 | 23105077 |
| the upd3 cytokine couples environmental challenge and intestinal stem cell division through modulation of jak/stat signaling in the stem cell microenvironment. | in drosophila, the replacement of spent enterocytes (ecs) relies on division of intestinal stem cells (iscs) and differentiation of their progeny, the enteroblasts (ebs). recent studies have revealed a role for jak/stat signaling in the modulation of the rate of isc division in response to environmental challenge. here, we demonstrate the critical role of the upd3 cytokine in the jak/stat-dependent response to enteric infection. we show that upd3 expression is activated in ecs and in ebs that ma ... | 2012 | 23110761 |
| the upd3 cytokine couples environmental challenge and intestinal stem cell division through modulation of jak/stat signaling in the stem cell microenvironment. | in drosophila, the replacement of spent enterocytes (ecs) relies on division of intestinal stem cells (iscs) and differentiation of their progeny, the enteroblasts (ebs). recent studies have revealed a role for jak/stat signaling in the modulation of the rate of isc division in response to environmental challenge. here, we demonstrate the critical role of the upd3 cytokine in the jak/stat-dependent response to enteric infection. we show that upd3 expression is activated in ecs and in ebs that ma ... | 2012 | 23110761 |
| complete genome sequence of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum bacteriophage my1. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, a member of the enterobacteriaceae family, is an important plant-pathogenic bacterium causing significant economic losses worldwide. p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum bacteriophage my1 was isolated from a soil sample. its genome was completely sequenced and analyzed for the development of an effective biological control agent. sequence and morphological analyses revealed that phage my1 is a t5-like bacteriophage and belongs to the family siphovirida ... | 2012 | 22997426 |
| isolation, characterization, and identification of biological control agent for potato soft rot in bangladesh. | a total of 91 isolates of probable antagonistic bacteria of potato soft rot bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) were extracted from rhizospheres and endophytes of various crop plants, different soil varieties, and atmospheres in the potato farming areas of bangladesh. antibacterial activity of the isolated probable antagonistic bacteria was tested in vitro against the previously identified most common and most virulent soft rot causing bacterial strain ecc p-138. only two isolat ... | 2012 | 22645446 |
| ubiquitylation of the initiator caspase dredd is required for innate immune signalling. | caspases have been extensively studied as critical initiators and executioners of cell death pathways. however, caspases also take part in non-apoptotic signalling events such as the regulation of innate immunity and activation of nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb). how caspases are activated under these conditions and process a selective set of substrates to allow nf-κb signalling without killing the cell remains largely unknown. here, we show that stimulation of the drosophila pattern recognition prote ... | 2012 | 22549468 |
| drosophila as a model system to unravel the layers of innate immunity to infection. | innate immunity relies entirely upon germ-line encoded receptors, signalling components and effector molecules for the recognition and elimination of invading pathogens. the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster with its powerful collection of genetic and genomic tools has been the model of choice to develop ideas about innate immunity and host-pathogen interactions. here, we review current research in the field, encompassing all layers of defence from the role of the microbiota to systemic immune a ... | 2012 | 22724070 |
| genetic evidence of a redox-dependent systemic wound response via hayan protease-phenoloxidase system in drosophila. | systemic wound response (swr) through intertissue communication in response to local wounds is an essential biological phenomenon that occurs in all multicellular organisms from plants to animals. however, our understanding of swr has been greatly hampered by the complexity of wound signalling communication operating within the context of an entire organism. here, we show genetic evidence of a redox-dependent swr from the wound site to remote tissues by identifying critical genetic determinants ... | 2012 | 22227521 |
| intestinal inflammation and stem cell homeostasis in aging drosophila melanogaster. | as a barrier epithelium, the intestinal epithelium has to coordinate physiological functions like digestion and nutrient resorption with the control of commensal bacteria and the prevention of pathogenic infections. it can therefore mount powerful innate immune and inflammatory responses, while, at the same time, maintaining tissue homeostasis through regenerative processes. how these different functions are coordinated remains unclear, and further insight is required to understand the age-relat ... | 2013 | 24380076 |
| extensive differences in antifungal immune response in two drosophila species revealed by comparative transcriptome analysis. | the innate immune system of drosophila is activated by ingestion of microorganisms. d. melanogaster breeds on fruits fermented by saccharomyces cerevisiae, whereas d. virilis breeds on slime flux and decaying bark of tree housing a variety of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. in this study, it is shown that d. virilis has a higher resistance to oral infection of a species of filamentous fungi belonging to the genus penicillium compared to d. melanogaster. in response to the fungal infection, a transc ... | 2013 | 24151578 |
| an easy, simple inexpensive test for the specific detection of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum based on sequence analysis of the pmra gene. | the species pectobacterium carotovorum includes a diverse subspecies of bacteria that cause disease on a wide variety of plants. in morocco, approximately 95% of the p. carotovorum isolates from potato plants with tuber soft rot are p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. however, identification of this pathogen is not always related to visual disease symptoms. this is especially true when different pathogen cause similar diseases on potato, citing as an example, p. carotovorum, p. atrosepticum and p ... | 2013 | 23890050 |
| functional analysis of pgrp-la in drosophila immunity. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are key regulators of the insect innate antibacterial response. even if they have been intensively studied, some of them have yet unknown functions. here, we present a functional analysis of pgrp-la, an as yet uncharacterized drosophila pgrp. the pgrp-la gene is located in cluster with pgrp-lc and pgrp-lf, which encode a receptor and a negative regulator of the imd pathway, respectively. structure predictions indicate that pgrp-la would not bind to pept ... | 2013 | 23922788 |
| the drosophila jak-stat pathway in blood cell formation and immunity. | genetic alterations affecting the jak-stat signaling pathway are linked to several malignancies and hematological disorders in humans. despite being one of the most extensively studied pathways, there remain many gaps to fill. jak-stat components are widely conserved during evolution. here, we review the known roles of the jak-stat pathway in drosophila immunity: controlling the different steps of hematopoiesis, both under physiological conditions and in response to immune challenge, and contrib ... | 2013 | 24069567 |
| characterization of genes required for the pathogenicity of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pcc21 in chinese cabbage. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a well-known plant pathogen that causes severe soft rot disease in various crops, resulting in considerable economic loss. to identify pathogenicity-related factors, chinese cabbage was inoculated with 5314 transposon mutants of p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pcc21 derived using tn5 transposon mutagenesis. a total of 35 reduced-virulence or avirulent mutants were isolated, and 14 loci were identified. the 14 loci could be functionally grouped i ... | 2013 | 23676432 |
| injury-induced bmp signaling negatively regulates drosophila midgut homeostasis. | although much is known about injury-induced signals that increase rates of drosophila melanogaster midgut intestinal stem cell (isc) proliferation, it is largely unknown how isc activity returns to quiescence after injury. in this paper, we show that the bone morphogenetic protein (bmp) signaling pathway has dual functions during midgut homeostasis. constitutive bmp signaling pathway activation in the middle midgut mediated regional specification by promoting copper cell differentiation. in the ... | 2013 | 23733344 |
| drybp contributes to the negative regulation of the drosophila imd pathway. | the drosophila humoral innate immune response fights infection by producing antimicrobial peptides (amps) through the microbe-specific activation of the toll or the imd signaling pathway. upon systemic infection, the production of amps is both positively and negatively regulated to reach a balanced immune response required for survival. here, we report the function of the drybp (drosophila ring and yy1 binding protein) protein, which contains a ubiquitin-binding domain, in the imd pathway. we ha ... | 2013 | 23596533 |
| regenerative inflammation: lessons from drosophila intestinal epithelium in health and disease. | intestinal inflammation is widely recognized as a pivotal player in health and disease. defined cytologically as the infiltration of leukocytes in the lamina propria layer of the intestine, it can damage the epithelium and, on a chronic basis, induce inflammatory bowel disease and potentially cancer. the current view thus dictates that blood cell infiltration is the instigator of intestinal inflammation and tumor-promoting inflammation. this is based partially on work in humans and mice showing ... | 2013 | 25437036 |
| scar/wave-mediated processing of engulfed apoptotic corpses is essential for effective macrophage migration in drosophila. | in vitro studies have shown that scar/wave activates the arp2/3 complex to generate actin filaments, which in many cell types are organised into lamellipodia that are thought to have an important role in cell migration. here we demonstrate that scar is utilised by drosophila macrophages to drive their developmental and inflammatory migrations and that it is regulated via the hem/kette/nap1-containing scar/wave complex. scar is also important in protecting against bacterial pathogens and in wound ... | 2013 | 23328632 |
| the pallbearer e3 ligase promotes actin remodeling via rac in efferocytosis by degrading the ribosomal protein s6. | clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is achieved through phagocytosis by professional or amateur phagocytes. it is critical for tissue homeostasis and remodeling in all animals. failure in this process can contribute to the development of inflammatory autoimmune or neurodegenerative diseases. we found previously that the pall-scf e3-ubiquitin ligase complex promotes apoptotic cell clearance, but it remained unclear how it did so. here we show that the f-box protein pall interacts with ph ... | 2014 | 25533207 |
| the pallbearer e3 ligase promotes actin remodeling via rac in efferocytosis by degrading the ribosomal protein s6. | clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is achieved through phagocytosis by professional or amateur phagocytes. it is critical for tissue homeostasis and remodeling in all animals. failure in this process can contribute to the development of inflammatory autoimmune or neurodegenerative diseases. we found previously that the pall-scf e3-ubiquitin ligase complex promotes apoptotic cell clearance, but it remained unclear how it did so. here we show that the f-box protein pall interacts with ph ... | 2014 | 25533207 |
| spotting the differences: probing host/microbiota interactions with a dedicated software tool for the analysis of faecal outputs in drosophila. | the intestinal physiology of drosophila melanogaster can be monitored in an integrative, non-invasive manner by analysing graphical features of the excreta produced by flies fed on a dye-supplemented diet. this assay has been used by various labs to explore gut function and its regulation. to facilitate its use, we present here a free, stand-alone dedicated software tool for the analysis of fly excreta. the ultimate reader of dung (t.u.r.d.) is designed to offer a flexible environment for a wide ... | 2014 | 24907675 |
| the drosophila mapk p38c regulates oxidative stress and lipid homeostasis in the intestine. | the p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase signaling cassette has been implicated in stress and immunity in evolutionarily diverse species. in response to a wide variety of physical, chemical and biological stresses p38 kinases phosphorylate various substrates, transcription factors of the atf family and other protein kinases, regulating cellular adaptation to stress. the drosophila genome encodes three p38 kinases named p38a, p38b and p38c. in this study, we have analyzed the role of p38c i ... | 2014 | 25254641 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel drosophila stress induced dnase. | drosophila melanogaster flies mount an impressive immune response to a variety of pathogens with an efficient system comprised of both humoral and cellular responses. the fat body is the main producer of the anti-microbial peptides (amps) with anti-pathogen activity. during bacterial infection, an array of secreted peptidases, proteases and other enzymes are involved in the dissolution of debris generated by pathogen clearance. although pathogen destruction should result in the release a large a ... | 2014 | 25083901 |
| ecdysone mediates the development of immunity in the drosophila embryo. | beyond their role in cell metabolism, development, and reproduction, hormones are also important modulators of the immune system. in the context of inflammatory disorders, systemic administration of pharmacological doses of synthetic glucocorticoids (gcs) is widely used as an anti-inflammatory treatment [1, 2]. however, not all actions of gcs are immunosuppressive, and many studies have suggested that physiological concentrations of gcs can have immunoenhancing effects [3-7]. for a more comprehe ... | 2014 | 24794300 |
| tissue communication in regenerative inflammatory signaling: lessons from the fly gut. | the intestine, as a barrier epithelium, serves in the first line of defense against invading pathogens and damaging agents that enter the body via food ingestion. maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is therefore key to organismal health. to maintain homeostasis, intestinal stem cells (iscs) continuously replace lost or damaged intestinal epithelial cells in organisms ranging from drosophila to humans. interestingly, intestinal damage upon ingestion of chemicals or pathogenic bacteria leads to ... | 2014 | 24795868 |