| biological characterization of an enterobacter cloacae outer membrane protein (ompx). | we have described a gene coding for an enterobacter cloacae protein, provisionally called ompx (j. stoorvogel, m. j. a. w. m. van bussel, j. tommassen, and j. a. m. van de klundert, j. bacteriol. 173:156-160, 1991). in the work reported here, ompx was localized in the cell envelope by means of sucrose gradient fractionation of membrane vesicles. overproduction of ompx in escherichia coli from a multicopy plasmid resulted in a reduction in the amount of ompf. no accumulation of ompf, of its uncle ... | 1991 | 1702778 |
| comparison of ribotyping with conventional methods for the type identification of enterobacter cloacae. | an escherichia coli rrna probe was compared with a combination of o serotyping, phage susceptibility, and biotype pattern for the type identification of strains of enterobacter cloacae. forty-five isolates of e. cloacae from 36 patients in nine hospitals were examined. by conventional typing, only 26 (57.7%) could be assigned to a specific serotype and 6 (13.3%) were autoagglutinating owing to rough lipopolysaccharide antigens. all isolates could be assigned to one of three biotypes, but many ph ... | 1991 | 1715880 |
| drug treatment of pneumonia in the hospital. what are the choices? | mortality and morbidity of nosocomial pneumonia remain high. successful treatment of pulmonary infections depends on several factors including type of infection, offending pathogen, status of host defences, and adequate choice of antibiotic therapy. the physician's decision should aim at achieving antibiotic concentrations beyond the mic at the site of infection. gram-negative bacilli, notably pseudomonos aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli, remain the most frequent agents in ... | 1991 | 1724642 |
| microbiological evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil. | cefpodoxime, the active de-esterified molecule of the orally absorbable cephalosporin cefpodoxime proxetil, inhibits streptococci, neisseria spp., and most enterobacteriaceae, with mic50 and/or mic90 values of less than or equal to 2 mg/l; with regard to the latter family of bacteria, the mic50 and/or mic90 values of cefpodoxime are consistently greater than or equal to 4 mg/l for only enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and morganella morganii. the mic50 of cedpodox ... | 1991 | 1726210 |
| comparison of susceptibility to beta-lactam antimicrobial agents among bacteria isolated from intensive care units. | evaluating microbial isolation and susceptibility patterns from institutional settings is a well-established component of ongoing infection control activities. at the university of michigan hospitals, susceptibility profiles for selected bacteria tested from 1984 to 1989 were analyzed for major changes in the percentage of organisms susceptible to beta-lactam antimicrobials. data on bacteria isolated from respiratory specimens obtained from 1433 patients in intensive care units (icus) during a 1 ... | 1992 | 1737439 |
| trends in antibiotic utilization and bacterial resistance. report of the national nosocomial resistance surveillance group. | the increasing use of "third-generation" cephalosporins has been associated with a rising prevalence of resistant bacteria possessing type-i beta-lactamases. at millard fillmore hospital (buffalo, new york), we observed an unusually high occurrence of multiply resistant enterobacter cloacae infections, especially in the intensive care unit. susceptibilities were found to have declined substantially from 1988 to 1990, most notably for ceftazidime and mezlocillin, which decreased from 83% to 54% a ... | 1992 | 1737442 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of new quinolones against clinical isolates and resistant mutants. | the in-vitro activity of five new fluoroquinolones, win 57273, sparfloxacin, fleroxacin, temafloxacin and ciprofloxacin was determined against 543 recent clinical isolates and eight quinolone resistant strains derived by mutation and their five parent strains. win 57273 was the most active compound against gram-positive bacteria, sparfloxacin had a broad spectrum which was similar to that of ciprofloxacin. ciprofloxacin showed the greatest activity against gram-negative bacteria. temafloxacin sh ... | 1992 | 1737723 |
| in vitro activity of ro 09-1428 compared to other cephalosporins. | the in vitro activity of ro 09-1428, a new catechol-type parenteral cephalosporin, was compared to that of ceftazidime, e-1040, cefpirome and cefepime against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. ro 09-1428 inhibited group a streptococci at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml, and group b, c and g streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at 0.5 micrograms/ml, whereas for staphylococcus aureus ro 09-1428 had mics of 8-16 micrograms/ml similar to ceftazidime and e-1040. against pseudom ... | 1991 | 1748124 |
| in vitro activity of cefcanel versus other oral cephalosporins. | cefcanel is a new orally absorbed cephalosporin. its activity was compared with that of cefuroxime, cefaclor, cephalexin, and cefixime against gram-positive and negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. cefcanel had excellent activity against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, mic90 1 micrograms/ml, superior to the other oral cephalosporins. however, methicillin-resistant staphylococci were resistant, mic greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. strept ... | 1991 | 1748125 |
| active components of intestinal bacteria for abdominal irradiation-induced inhibition of lung metastases. | we have previously reported that abdominal irradiation of mice inhibited lung metastases of a weakly immunogenic fibrosarcoma, and that transmigration after the irradiation of enterobacter cloacae into mesenteric lymph nodes coincided with this phenomenon. in this paper, we show that escherichia coli as well as e. cloacae reduce the number of metastatic lung colonies when these bacteria were intravenously injected into mice prior to the tumour cell challenge. the inhibition was caused not only b ... | 1991 | 1752083 |
| comparative study of pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of ceftizoxime and cefotaxime. | single 2-g intravenous doses of ceftizoxime (czx) and cefotaxime (ctx) were given over 30 min to 10 adult volunteers in a crossover manner on two separate occasions. concentrations of czx, ctx, and the primary metabolite of ctx, desacetylcefotaxime (dctx), in serum, suction-induced-blister fluid, and urine were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by using an extended least-squares modeling program (mkmodel). czx exhibited a half-life in se ... | 1991 | 1759827 |
| in vitro study of the transfer of cytokine-inducing substances across selected high-flux hemodialysis membranes. | the in vitro transfer of cytokine-inducing substances (cis) across cellulose triacetate and polyacrylonitrile hollow-fiber high-flux hemodialyzers was studied using culture filtrates of gram-negative bacteria isolated from hemodialysis center environments. with enterobacter cloacae, no transfer of cis was seen despite the potent cytokine inducibility and endotoxin content of the challenge solution. in contrast, interleukins 1 and 6 and tumor necrosis factor inducing substances did penetrate both ... | 1991 | 1760147 |
| growth kinetics of coliform bacteria under conditions relevant to drinking water distribution systems. | the growth of environmental and clinical coliform bacteria under conditions typical of drinking water distribution systems was examined. four coliforms (klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, and enterobacter cloacae) were isolated from an operating drinking water system for study; an enterotoxigenic e. coli strain and clinical isolates of k. pneumoniae and e. coli were also used. all but one of the coliforms tested were capable of growth in unsupplemented mineral salts ... | 1991 | 1768093 |
| efficacy and safety of oral cefixime therapy in common infectious diseases in children. | twenty-nine children, including 20 boys and 9 girls, were enrolled in an open trial of oral cefixime therapy for common pediatric infectious diseases. patients aged between 0.5 month and 12 years with a mean +/- standard deviation of 2.3 +/- 2.8 years. the diagnoses included 10 of acute otitis media, 2 of purulent rhinitis, 4 of acute enterocolitis, and 13 of urinary tract infection. most children received 6-12 mg/kg/day of cefixime granules, orally twice daily for more than five days. all 10 ca ... | 1991 | 1776438 |
| beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein changes in cefpirome-resistant and ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | twenty-five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, and providencia stuartii) and five strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed to various concentrations of cefpirome or ceftazidime in agar. mutants with a greater than four-fold increase in the mic were examined for changes in beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein (omp) profile. both agents selected mutants with decreased susceptibility ... | 1991 | 1778852 |
| selection and characterization of cefepime-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | the nctc type strains and four clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, providencia stuartii and pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed, in agar, to cefepime at 3, 5, and 10 x mic and a breakpoint concentration of 16 mg/l. mutants were selected at a frequency of approximately 10(-8) that had decreased susceptibility to cefepime and cefpirome, and species-dependent resistance to other beta-lactams. any putative mutant with a greater t ... | 1991 | 1778870 |
| enterobacter cloacae with clavulanic acid dependent variants. | | 1991 | 1778883 |
| post-antibiotic effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on gram-negative bacteria in relation to morphology, initial killing and mic. | the in vitro post-antibiotic effect (pae) of cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and imipenem on reference strains of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens were evaluated by bioluminescence assay of bacterial atp. in parallel with the pae determination, initial killing and morphology studies were performed. imipenem produced greater than 1 h pae on all strains tested, cefepime and cefotaxime on four strains and ceftazidime onl ... | 1991 | 1794362 |
| in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin me-1206 compared with other agents. | the in vitro activity of me-1206, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that can be orally absorbed when converted to an ester, was compared with that of other beta-lactams. me-1206 inhibited 50% of the enterobacteriaceae at 2 micrograms/ml, similar to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefixime. it did not inhibit, mic greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml, enterobacter species or citrobacter freundii resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, and it was less active than cefotaxime and ceftazidime aga ... | 1991 | 1797456 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents, 1989. a study mainly focused on imipenem. the research group for testing imipenem susceptibilities of clinical isolates]. | we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1989. the susceptibility testing was carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: (+++), (++), (+) and (-). ipm showed markedly high in vitro activities against streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, moraxella catarrhalis, es ... | 1991 | 1798067 |
| [hematogenous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis caused by enterobacter cloacae]. | | 1991 | 1799622 |
| in vitro activity of cefpodoxime and ten other cephalosporins against gram-positive cocci, enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa, including beta-lactamase producers. | cefpodoxime, the deesterified part of the orally available cefpodoxime proxetil, is active against most enterobacteriaceae with mic50 of 0.06 to 2 mg/l. only enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii strains show mic50 of 4 mg/l. coagulase negative staphylococci have a mic50 of 2, while staphylococcus aureus strains have a mic of 4 mg/l. in comparison to other orally available cephalosporins cefpodoxime is slightly less active than cefixime and cefotiam against gram-negative bacteria but mor ... | 1991 | 1800378 |
| cefpodoxime: comparative antibacterial activity, influence of growth conditions, and bactericidal activity. | the antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester cefpodoxime proxetil, in comparison to cefixime, cefotiam, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime was determined against a broad spectrum of freshly isolated gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. cefpodoxime was demonstrated to be inhibitory at concentrations of less than or equal to 1 mg/l against 90% of strains of moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli (beta-lactamase- nega ... | 1991 | 1800379 |
| an evaluation of the antibacterial activities of combinations of sulfonamides, trimethoprim, dibromopropamidine, and silver nitrate compared with their uptakes by selected bacteria. | modifications of antibacterial activity have been demonstrated using combinations of two antibacterials from trimethoprim, sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and silver sulfadiazine), silver nitrate, and dibromopropamidine isethionate, either formulated in a cream base or dissolved in peptone water. the creams were evaluated using the agar cup diffusion method in isosensitest agar. the peptone water solutions provided fractional inhibitory concentrations for combinations of the antibacte ... | 1991 | 1800710 |
| in vitro and in vivo activity of carbamate-linked dual-action antibacterial ro 24-4383. | ro 24-4383 contains desacetylcefotaxime linked by a carbamate bond at the 3' position to ciprofloxacin. ro 24-4383 was active against 99% of the 363 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes tested in vitro, while the comparative agents cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin were active against 77 and 97%, respectively. the activities (ed50: mg/kg s.c.) of ro 24-4383, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin in systemic murine infections were: escherichia coli 257, 1.4, less than 0.5, less than 0.2; klebsiella pneumoni ... | 1991 | 1804592 |
| antimicrobial activity of ru29246 (hr916 metabolite) compared with four other oral beta-lactams tested against more than 5000 clinical isolates. | the activity of ru29246, the active metabolite of the oral cephalosporin ester hr916, was compared in a multicenter study with that of the four oral beta-lactam antibiotics cephalexin, cefaclor, cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate (amoxicillin/ca). ru29246 was generally 2- to 8-fold more active than the other oral cephalosporins and comparable to amoxicillin/ca against staphylococci, and was the most active cephalosporin against group b streptococci. all four cephalosporins were ineffective aga ... | 1991 | 1810737 |
| antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin administered intravenously in a pharmacodynamic in vitro model. | the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was evaluated in an in vitro model by simulating its pharmacokinetics following a single 100 or 200 mg administration intravenously. the one compartment open model described by grasso and coworkers was used for these experiments. ciprofloxacin concentrations in the model were reproduced by calculations based on the concentration-time curve in human volunteers as reported by wise and others. the maximum r ... | 1991 | 1813438 |
| reduction of capsular polysaccharide and potentiation of aminoglycoside inhibition in gram-negative bacteria by bismuth subsalicylate. | bismuth subsalicylate (bss), sodium salicylate, and bismuth nitrate were compared with respect to their effects on capsular polysaccharide (cps) production, bacterial growth inhibition, and potentiation of aminoglycoside inhibition on strains of gram-negative bacteria. at 250 microm, bss reduced cps production in klebsiella pneumoniae cultures by greater than 90% in contrast to a 36% reduction by salicylate. at 500 microm, salicylate reduced cps by 52%, versus a 70% reduction by bismuth nitrate. ... | 1991 | 1816178 |
| antibacterial activities of amoxicillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid correlated with beta-lactamase production. | amoxicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, was tested for its effect in combination with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, against 9 species of bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. a total of 698 strains of bacteria were tested for beta-lactamase production by the rapid chromogenic cephalosporin method. their susceptibilities to amoxicillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid were tested by the agar dilution method. the percentage of beta-lactamase producing strains ranged ... | 1991 | 1818798 |
| beta-lactamase induction antagonizes beta-lactam susceptibilities in citrobacter diversus and enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates. | inducible beta-lactamases were obtained after exposure to several beta-lactams in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter diversus. enzyme production was related to the inducer and medium composition. beta-lactamase is able to inactivate only labile compounds, thus generating minimum inhibitory concentrations higher than in the absence of the inducer; imipenem susceptibilities usually were not changed. | 1991 | 1819615 |
| [hemorrhagic bursitis infected by enterobacter cloacae]. | | 1991 | 1836608 |
| direct evidence of the entner-doudoroff pathway operating in the metabolism of d-glucosamine in bacteria. | pseudomonas fluorescens (migula) (ifo 14808) has both a membrane-bound pqq-dependent d-glucose (d-glc) dehydrogenase [ec 1.1.99.17] [which also acts on d-glucosamine (d-glcn)] and a plp-dependent d-glucosaminate (d-glcna) dehydratase [ec 4.2.1.26]. further, these two enzymes were induced when d-glcn was added to the culture medium. however, d-glucosamine-6-phosphate (d-glcn-6-p) isomerase [ec 5.3.1.10], another enzyme involved in the metabolism of d-glcn, was only present at a low level in this ... | 1991 | 1849886 |
| membrane-bound respiratory system of enterobacter cloacae strain ho1 grown anaerobically with chromate. | chromate has been demonstrated to be an electron acceptor in the respiratory chain of anaerobically grown enterobacter cloacae strain ho1. by using potentiometric titration and low temperature spectroscopy, the spectral absorption of the anaerobic membrane vesicles of this organism in the presence of chromate was resolved into six peaks at 548, 549, 550, 555, 556, and 558 nm in the alpha band of the reduced minus oxidized spectra. the spectra elicited by chromate are attributed to cytochromes c5 ... | 1991 | 1851711 |
| long term sequelae of childhood acute bacterial meningitis in a developing country. a study from the sudan. | 35 survivors of acute bacterial meningitis (abm) from a group of 44 sudanese children--seen during 18 months (april 1985-november 1986)--were prospectively followed to ascertain the long-term sequelae of the disease. 30 (17 with haemophilus influenzae, 8 neisseria meningitidis, 4 streptococcus pneumoniae and one child with enterobacter cloacae meningitis) could be followed during the surveillance period (3-4 years). three (10%), including 2 with hemiplegia, died after 11-12 months. the associati ... | 1991 | 1853165 |
| comparative in vitro antibacterial activity of sparfloxacin (at-4140; rp 64206), a new quinolone. | the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (at-4140; rp 64206), a new fluoroquinolone, was compared with those of 10 other agents against 1,222 clinical isolates. sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were the most active quinolones against members of the family enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli; sparfloxacin had superior activity against gram-positive cocci in comparison with the activities of ciprofloxacin and the other quinolones tested (norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, and pefloxacin) ... | 1991 | 1854167 |
| concomitant dissemination of three extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among different enterobacteriaceae isolated in a french hospital. | from january 1988 to august 1989, 267 non-repetitive strains of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbla) derived from tem (ctx-1/tem-3, caz-6) or shv (caz-5) were isolated from 219 colonized or infected patients. esblas were characterized by analytical isoelectric focusing. biotypes, resistance phenotypes and plasmid patterns were determined in order to differentiate the isolates in each species. among the 116 ctx-1-producing enterobacteriaceae, 48 strains were diff ... | 1991 | 1856124 |
| in vitro activity of an oxycephem ocp 9-176 compared with its sulfur analog and other beta-lactams. | ocp 9-176 is an oxycephem antibiotic that contains a 2-aminothiazolyl, carboxypropyl side chain at c-7 and a pyridinium thiomethyl group at c-3. ocp 9-176 was generally twofold less active than its sulfur-containing analog me 1228 against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, providencia stuartii, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens. activity against enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii was equivalent. ocp 9-176 was twofold less active than me-1228 against p ... | 1991 | 1873972 |
| [clinical evaluation of cefpirome in children]. | cefpirome (cpr, hr 810) was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 11 patients with ages from 4 months to 11 years with bacterial infection. the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. cpr was administered to 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, a patient with pneumonia, a patient with tonsillitis, 2 patients with acute pharyngitis and a patient with suppurative parotitis at daily dosage levels ranging 55.5-91.7 mg/kg, divided into 3 using intravenous bolus injection or 30 minut ... | 1991 | 1880923 |
| [combined antibacterial activity of aztreonam and clindamycin against clinically isolated strains]. | it has been reported in some studies that the combination of aztreonam (azt) and clindamycin (cldm) have high clinical effectiveness in the treatment of intractable infections. we, therefore, studied combined in vitro antibacterial activity of these 2 compounds using many freshly isolated strains. 1. azt and cldm in combination had synergistic effects on staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae, which are sensitive or quasi-sensitive ... | 1991 | 1880932 |
| variation in induction of chromosomal beta-lactamase expression in strains of enterobacter cloacae. | eight strains of enterobacter cloacae with varying patterns of susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics were studied to compare the inducibility and expression of their beta-lactamase genes. these strains included two isolates from one patient, which differed in their susceptibility to cefamandole. a resistant strain constitutively produced large amounts of beta-lactamase; a sensitive strain produced an inducible beta-lactamase. study of induction and growth characteristics of all strains revea ... | 1991 | 1889305 |
| combination effect of sce-2787 and cefepime with aminoglycosides on nosocomial gram-negative bacteria. | the in vitro activity of cefepime and sce-2787, two new parenteral cephalosporins, and the combination effect with tobramycin and gentamicin against nosocomial gram-negative rods was studied using checkerboard agar dilution technique. cefepime showed excellent in-vitro activity against klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and proteus vulgaris (mic90 0.03-0.125 mg/l) and good to moderate activity against acinetobacter anitratus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas c ... | 1991 | 1889877 |
| the importance of the negative charge of beta-lactam compounds in the interactions with active-site serine dd-peptidases and beta-lactamases. | the interaction between various penicillins and cephalosporins the carboxylate group of which at c-3 or c-4 had been esterified or amidated and different penicillin-recognizing enzymes was studied. in general, our findings reinforced the common assumption that an anionic group at that position is necessary for the effective acylation of these enzymes. however, the relative activities of the modified beta-lactams as inactivators of the streptomyces r61 dd-peptidase or as substrates of the bacillu ... | 1991 | 1898366 |
| fleroxacin combined with rifampin. | we determined the effect of the combination of rifampin and fleroxacin against enterobacteriaceae and streptococcal species. none of the 65 isolates tested by checkerboard assay demonstrated synergy, 12% of isolates showed an additive effect; 86.7% were indifferent, and only 1 isolate showed antagonism. the mean fic was 1.2. when using 2 and 8 micrograms/ml of rifampin, fleroxacin mics of 285 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococci, streptoco ... | 1991 | 1901534 |
| formaldehyde-resistance in enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa: identification of resistance genes by dna-hybridization. | a 4.1. kb large dna fragment of a e. coli plasmid pvu 3695, on which the genes for formaldehyde-resistance are located, was used as a dna probe to identify bacteria that carry this segment among formaldehyde-resistant bacteria. it was shown by southern blot-, dot blot-, and colony blot- hybridization studies that the dna of all formaldehyde-resistant e. coli, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae strains tested hybridize with the dna probe from ... | 1991 | 1909132 |
| septicemia caused by contaminated parenteral nutrition pouches: the refrigerator as an unusual cause. | eleven patients in a hospital presented with septicemia caused by enterobacter cloacae. the origin was the contamination of parenteral nutrition admixture from a resting place in the refrigerator of the parenteral mixture preparation room. | 1991 | 1910114 |
| in vitro phagocytic interaction between trichomonas vaginalis isolates and bacteria. | the phagocytic activity of 12 trichomonas vaginalis isolates against both gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, lactobacillus spp.) and gram-negative bacteria (enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047, 5 strains of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853) was studied. results showed that all the isolates were able to ingest staphylococcus aureus to a variable degree, and almost all of them showed phagocytic activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa. furthermore, experiments ... | 1991 | 1915384 |
| bacteremia caused by enterobacter: 15 years of experience in a cancer hospital. | a total of 296 episodes of bacteremia due to enterobacter occurred in 281 patients with cancer between 1972 and 1986. the majority of these episodes were caused by enterobacter cloacae. seventy-four percent of the patients developed their infection while in the hospital and 55% had received therapeutic antibiotics during the 10 days preceding the onset of the infection. enterobacter bacteremia was associated with shock in 24% of the patients and with disseminated intravascular coagulation in onl ... | 1991 | 1925270 |
| aspergillosis of the cns in a pediatric liver transplant recipient: case report and review. | a 2-month-old infant who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation at the age of 2 weeks for carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency developed infection of the cns due to aspergillus fumigatus. the patient was successfully treated with administration of a combination of antifungal agents (including intraventricular amphotericin b), drainage of the parietal lobe abscess, and cessation of immunosuppression. an intraventricular catheter was used both to obtain ventricular fluid for microbiol ... | 1991 | 1925287 |
| association of two resistance mechanisms in a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae with high-level resistance to imipenem. | carbapenem resistance was studied in a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae, strain 201 (mic of imipenem and meropenem, 16 micrograms/ml). this strain was analyzed comparatively with the carbapenem-susceptible parent strain 200, an equally susceptible revertant, 201-rev, and in vitro-selected mutants with different levels of carbapenem resistance. all strains produced similarly high amounts of the same cephalosporinase (piapp = 8.8). strain 201 apparently lacked two major outer membrane prot ... | 1991 | 1929248 |
| influence of beta-lactamase inhibitors on the potency of their companion drug with organisms possessing class i enzymes. | the ability of beta-lactamase inhibitors to induce class i beta-lactamases in certain organisms in vitro suggests a potential for antagonism in vivo. therefore, a study was designed to assess the ability of sulbactam and clavulanate to induce beta-lactamases in two strains each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa both in vitro and in vivo. induction in vitro was observed only with s. marcescens and p. aeruginosa and generally only when i ... | 1991 | 1929291 |
| in vitro comparison of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin, with ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against 5,203 recent clinical isolates. | the activity of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin, was compared with those of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in a multicenter study against 5,203 fresh clinical isolates of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. gr69153 was generally very active at concentrations equivalent to or two- to fourfold lower than those of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against gram-negative bacilli other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and xanthomonas maltophilia. against pseudomonas ae ... | 1991 | 1929319 |
| the use of the php-ke biochemical fingerprinting system in epidemiological studies of faecal enterobacter cloacae strains from infants in swedish neonatal wards. | the pheneplate (php) biochemical fingerprinting system is an automated method for typing of bacteria, based on the evaluation of the kinetics of biochemical reactions, performed in microtitre plates. in the present study the php-klebsiella/enterobacter (ke) system was evaluated for typing of enterobacter cloacae and employed to study the epidemiology of faecal e. cloacae strains isolated from infants in 22 swedish neonatal wards. the php-ke system showed a high reproducibility and discrimination ... | 1991 | 1936153 |
| factors affecting duration of in-vivo postantibiotic effect for aminoglycosides against gram-negative bacilli. | a murine thigh-infection model was used to determine the effect of certain host- and drug-related factors on the duration of the in-vivo postantibiotic effect (pae) observed with aminoglycosides against gram-negative bacilli. the role of neutrophils (pmns), pharmacokinetics and variation among species and strains were studied. paes were quantitated after a single injection of gentamicin or amikacin. paes were several hours longer in normal mice than in neutropenic mice, in mice with renal impair ... | 1991 | 1938689 |
| microbial growth and endotoxin production in the intravenous anesthetic propofol. | in this study, we measured microbial growth and endotoxin production in the intravenous anesthetic propofol using 10 different microbial strains; 6 isolated from outbreak cases and 4 from laboratory stock cultures. | 1991 | 1940276 |
| in vitro activity of chlorhexidine against enteric rods, pseudomonads and acinetobacter from human periodontitis. | fifty-eight periodontal isolates of the families enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae, and the genera acinetobacter and achromobacter were studied to determine their susceptibility to peridex (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate solution; procter & gamble). in an agar dilution assay, about 50% of the study strains grew in the presence of 70 micrograms/ml of chlorhexidine. enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas cepacia, and serratia marcescens comprised th ... | 1991 | 1945483 |
| a double-blind comparison of the effects of cefaclor and amoxycillin on respiratory tract and oropharyngeal flora and clinical response in acute exacerbations of bronchitis. | fifty-one patients admitted to hospital with severe exacerbations of chronic bronchitis entered a double-blind trial of treatment with cefaclor (500 mg tds) compared with amoxycillin (500 mg tds) for 7 days. twenty-six patients received cefaclor and 25 amoxycillin. sputum and throat swabs were collected on admission, after 7 days of therapy and at outpatient follow-up, 3 weeks after treatment had finished. clinical status and spirometry were assessed on admission and at the third, seventh and 28 ... | 1991 | 1947367 |
| localization of cephalosporinase in enterobacter cloacae by immunocytochemical examination. | enterobacter cloacae nuh10 was isolated at nagasaki university hospital in 1987. e. cloacae nuh10 is a mutant strain which produces high levels of cephalosporinase. e. cloacae atcc 23355 is known to be sensitive to so-called third generation cephems and produces an inducible cephalosporinase. the polyclonal antibody to cephalosporinase extracted from e. cloacae nuh10 was utilized in post-embedding immunogold labeling in order to localize this protein in e. cloacae atcc 23355 and e. cloacae nuh10 ... | 1991 | 1955391 |
| characterization of fce 22101-resistant enterobacteriaceae and the effect of fce 22101 upon the activity of anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams for pseudomonas aeruginosa. | twenty-five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, and providencia stuartii) were exposed to fce 22101 in agar containing 3, 5, or 10 x the mic. any putative mutant with a greater than or equal to four-fold increase in the mic was examined for beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein (omp) profile. mutant colonies were selected at a frequency of 10(-7)-10(-11) with decreased susceptibility to f ... | 1991 | 1960118 |
| the influence of clinical use of antibiotics and the sensitivity of strains isolated from postoperative infections--a comparison of nosocomial pathogens with strains isolated from the bacterial flora of patients. | in the present study, we investigated how the recent clinical use of antibiotics have altered the antibiotic susceptibility of strains isolated from postoperative infections, especially gram-negative rods. for pseudomonas aeruginosa, serogroup e strains accounted for about 20 per cent of postoperative infections, but were unable to be isolated from either the feces of patients on admission or from the appendix contents of patients with appendicitis. it therefore appeared that serogroup e strains ... | 1991 | 1960895 |
| novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase (mir-1) conferring resistance to oxyimino- and alpha-methoxy beta-lactams in clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae. | klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 11 patients at the miriam hospital were identified as resistant to cefoxitin and ceftibuten as well as to aztreonam, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. resistance could be transferred by conjugation or transformation with plasmid dna into escherichia coli and was due to the production of a beta-lactamase with an isoelectric point of 8.4 named mir-1. in e. coli, mir-1 conferred resistance to aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftriaxone, and such alpha- ... | 1990 | 1963529 |
| enterobacter cloacae in a leukaemic patient. | | 1990 | 1976683 |
| lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme electrophoresis as a typing method for enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella oxytoca and proteus mirabilis. | | 1990 | 1979580 |
| antimicrobial activities of six new oral cephem antibiotics. | six newly developed oral cephem antibiotics, which included 5 with an aminothiazolyl side chain, viz., cefixime, cefotiam hexetil, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefteram pivoxil, ceftibuten, and one with a conventional side chain design, bmy 28100, were tested for their antimicrobial activities. three traditional oral beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin, cephalexin, and cefaclor, were used as reference antibiotics. the 5 aminothiazolyl cephems were more active than the reference drugs against clinical i ... | 1990 | 1981227 |
| [fournier's gangrene: report of 3 cases]. | fournier's gangrene is defined classically as a fulminant, rapidly spreading infection of the scrotum that also involves the perineum, penis and abdominal wall. the pathologic findings are described as synergistic gangrene secondary to a polymicrobial flora with a poorly defined portal of entry. we report 3 cases of fournier's gangrene. case 1 was a 67 years old who was admitted with the chief complaint of scrotal swelling and necrosis. case 2 was a 59 years old who was admitted with the problem ... | 1990 | 1981785 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients undergoing liver transplantation: an emerging problem. | in our institution, pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia appeared to occur with increasing frequency in patients undergoing liver transplantation. we thus conducted a prospective study to define risk factors and outcome in these patients. over a 19-month period 6% of liver transplants were followed by pseudomonas bacteremia. the mean age was 46 years (range, 24 to 67 years). the interval between transplantation and onset of bacteremia was 3 to 372 days (mean, 80). the incidence of pseudomonas bacte ... | 1991 | 1984637 |
| molecular characterization of an enterobacter cloacae outer membrane protein (ompx). | a chromosomal gene of enterobacter cloacae encoding an outer membrane protein (ompx) has been cloned. overproduction of the ompx protein decreased the quantity of porins in the outer membrane of the parental strain and of escherichia coli hb101. the ompx gene was located by insertions of the gamma delta sequence into the recombinant plasmid. the polarity of the gene was determined by in vitro transcription and translation of the gamma delta-containing plasmids. the nucleotide sequence of the omp ... | 1991 | 1987115 |
| production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli of serotypes o157:h7 and o26:h11. | a monoclonal antibody (mab 4e8c12) specific for escherichia coli o157:h7 and o26:h11 was produced by immunizing balb/c mice with a rough strain of e. coli o157:h7. the antibody reacted strongly by a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with each of 36 strains of e. coli o157:h7. no cross-reactivity was observed with strains of salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, shigella dysenteriae, proteus spp., escherichia hermanii, klebsiella pneumoniae, campylobacter jejuni, serratia marcescens, c ... | 1991 | 1993773 |
| intravenous ciprofloxacin versus ceftazidime for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection. | intravenous ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime were compared for efficacy in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection (uti). patients with nosocomial pneumonia were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin (as the lactate salt) 300 mg i.v. every 12 hours or ceftazidime (with sodium carbonate) 2 g i.v. every eight hours. patients with uti were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin 200 mg i.v. every 12 hours or ceftazidime 1 g i.v. every eight hours. sputum and urine specimens were co ... | 1991 | 1999086 |
| purification and characterization of an oxygen-insensitive nad(p)h nitroreductase from enterobacter cloacae. | the reductive products of several nitroaromatic compounds have been found to be toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. the nitroreductases present in intestinal microflora have been implicated in the biotransformation of these compounds to their deleterious metabolites. a "classical" nitroreductase has been purified from enterobacter cloacae 587-fold using a protocol which yields approximately 1 mg of purified nitroreductase from 10 liters of cell culture. an analysis of the physical properties of ... | 1991 | 1999405 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the nitroreductase gene from enterobacter cloacae. | the "classical" nitroreductases of enteric bacteria are flavoproteins which catalyze the reduction of a variety of nitroaromatic compounds to metabolites which are highly toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. the gene for the nitroreductase enterobacter cloacae has now been cloned using an antibody specific to this protein. the nucleotide sequence of the structural gene and flanking regions are reported. sequence analysis indicates that this gene belongs to a gene family of flavoproteins which have ... | 1991 | 1999406 |
| antimicrobial effects of the combination of ceftibuten and an orally absorbed penem sch 29482. | ceftibuten is a new beta-lactamase-stable 3-aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that lacks activity against staphylococci and group-b streptococci. we determined the effect of the combination of ceftibuten with sch 29482, an orally absorbed penem. the combination of the two agents was additive for 25% or indifferent for 57% of the gram-positive species, haemophilus, and moraxella tested with a mean fractional inhibitory concentration (fic) index of 0.75. the combination of ceftibuten and sch 29482 was ... | 1991 | 2013213 |
| ability of ceftibuten to induce the class-i beta-lactamases of enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and enterobacter aerogenes. | ceftibuten, like cefotaxime, was observed to be a weak inducer of the class-i beta-lactamases of enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and enterobacter aerogenes. in contrast, cefoxitin and imipenem induced these enzymes strongly at subinhibitory concentrations. | 1991 | 2013214 |
| novel method for measurement of outer membrane permeability to new beta-lactams in intact enterobacter cloacae cells. | the ability of five new beta-lactams to permeate the outer membrane of intact enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamase-overproducing cells was measured by using a high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc)-based technique that avoided certain possible artifacts of the traditional methods. low concentrations of antibiotics were mixed with bacterial suspensions, and at different times, the cells were removed from the medium by filtration. residual beta-lactam concentrations in the medium were then asse ... | 1991 | 2014983 |
| reevaluation of the factors involved in the efficacy of new beta-lactams against enterobacter cloacae. | the roles of outer membrane permeability, beta-lactamase stability, and inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins in the activity of new beta-lactams against enterobacter cloacae were reappraised by using several methodological improvements. outer membrane permeability in intact cells was determined by using a high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc)-based technique that avoided certain possible artifacts of the traditional methods. vmax values were calculated from the numbers of enzyme molecu ... | 1991 | 2014984 |
| n-(phenylacetyl)glycyl-d-aziridine-2-carboxylate, an acyclic amide substrate of beta-lactamases: importance of the shape of the substrate in beta-lactamase evolution. | certain acyclic depsipeptides, but not peptides, are substrates of typical beta-lactamases [pratt, r.f., & govardhan, c.p. (1984) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 81, 1302]. this may reflect either the greater chemical reactivity of depsipeptides (and of beta-lactams, the natural substrates) than peptides or the greater ease of distortion of the depsipeptide (ester) than the peptide (amide) group into a penicillin-like conformation. the latter explanation has been shown to be more likely by employm ... | 1991 | 2015222 |
| comparison of silver sulfadiazine 1% with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% to silver sulfadiazine 1% alone in the prophylactic topical antibacterial treatment of burns. | wound bacterial colonization in 118 patients treated with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% in silver sulfadiazine 1% applied daily to the burn wounds was compared to that of 135 comparable patients similarly treated with silver sulfadiazine 1%. with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% in silver sulfadiazine 1%, colonization by staphylococcus aureus was less frequent (38%) than with silver sulfadiazine (54%, p = 0.016). no statistical difference was found for colonization by enterococcus faecalis, pseud ... | 1991 | 2022674 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of gr69153, a new long-acting cephalosporin. | gr69153, a new parenteral cephalosporin, inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, proteus mirabilis, citrobacter diversus, shigellae, and salmonellae at less than 0.25 micrograms/ml (mic90). it had activity comparable to those of ceftazidime, cefpirome, cefepime, and e-1040. against cephalosporinase-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens, mics ranged from 0.12 to greater than 32 micrograms/ml, and cefpirome and cefepime were the most active ag ... | 1991 | 2024959 |
| altered phenotypes associated with ampd mutations in enterobacter cloacae. | a study was done to determine the genetic locus responsible for altered expression of ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae 1194e and several mutants derived from e. cloacae 029. these phenotypes were defined by units of enzyme activity found in sonic extracts of cells before and after induction with cefoxitin and included (units uninduced/units induced) the wild-type (7/219), high-level constitutive (10,911/10,862), temperature-sensitive (at 30 degrees c 82/706 and at 42 degrees c 5,031/6 ... | 1991 | 2024967 |
| oral associated bacterial infection in horses: studies on the normal anaerobic flora from the pharyngeal tonsillar surface and its association with lower respiratory tract and paraoral infections. | two hundred and seventy bacterial isolates were obtained from the pharyngeal tonsillar surface of 12 normal horses and 98 obligatory anaerobic bacteria were characterised. of these, 57 isolates belonging to 7 genera (peptostreptococcus (1); eubacterium (9); clostridium (6); veillonella (6); megasphera (1); bacteroides (28); fusobacterium (6)) were identified, and 16 of these were identified to species level (p. anaerobius (1); e. fossor (9); c. villosum (1); b. fragilis (1); b. tectum (2); b. he ... | 1991 | 2031304 |
| comparison of silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent, silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent plus chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2 per cent and mafenide acetate 8.5 per cent for topical antibacterial effect in infected full skin thickness rat burn wounds. | silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent (ss), silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent plus chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2 per cent (ss + cd 0.2 per cent) and mafenide acetate 8.5 per cent (ma) were compared to assess the antibacterial effect of once daily application on experimental rat 20 per cent full skin thickness burn wounds seeded 24 h earlier with 10(8) microorganisms originally isolated from infected wounds of burned patients. separate series evaluated staph. aureus, enterococcus faecalis, enterobacter c ... | 1991 | 2031672 |
| molecular cloning of the gene for indolepyruvate decarboxylase from enterobacter cloacae. | although indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) is a well-known plant hormone, the main iaa biosynthetic pathway from l-tryptophan (trp) via indole-3-pyruvic acid (ipya) has yet to be elucidated. previous studies have suggested that iaa is produced by enterobacter cloacae isolated from the rhizosphere of cucumbers and its biosynthetic pathway may possibly be the same as that in plants. to elucidate this pathway, the iaa biosynthetic gene was isolated from a genomic library of e. cloacae by assaying for the ... | 1991 | 2034209 |
| mobilization of the genetically engineered plasmid phsv106 from escherichia coli hb101(phsv106) to enterobacter cloacae in drinking water. | we have used triparental matings to demonstrate transfer (mobilization) of the nonconjugative genetically engineered plasmid phsv106, which contains the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus cloned into pbr322, from escherichia coli hb101 to an environmental isolate of enterobacter cloacae in sterile drinking water. this is the first demonstration of a two-step mobilization of a genetically engineered plasmid in any type of fresh water, including drinking water. transfer was mediated by ... | 1991 | 2036007 |
| [antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against fresh clinical isolates from superficial suppurative foci]. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 5 drugs (ciprofloxacin (cpfx), and 4 drugs used as standard) were determined to investigate antibacterial potencies of cpfx against bacterial strains isolated in 1989 from superficial suppurative foci. the clinical isolates tested included 375 strains from 11 aerobic bacterial species, and 50 strains from 2 anerobic bacterial genera (group) for a total of 425 isolates. interpreting mic level distributions of these drugs as the expression of antibac ... | 1991 | 2041153 |
| [combined effect of sulbactam/cefoperazone and other antibiotics against clinical isolates of multi-resistant strains. ii. in vitro combined effects of sulbactam/cefoperazone with imipenem/cilastatin, cefuzonam, flomoxef, amikacin or tobramycin]. | we evaluated combined effects of sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) with each of imipenem/cilastatin (ipm), cefuzonam, flomoxef, amikacin (amk) and tobramycin (tob) against 324 clinical strains. through this study, we obtained the following results. 1. against serratia marcescens and enterobacter cloacae, good synergism was obtained by combining sbt/cpz with ipm, amk, or tob. 2. against pseudomonas aeruginosa, good synergism was obtained by combining sbt/cpz with amk or tob. 3. when sbt/cpz was us ... | 1991 | 2041154 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpirome in pediatrics]. | cefpirome (cpr, hr 810), a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied for its pharmacokinetics, bacteriological and clinical effects in the field of pediatrics. 1. cpr was very active against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococcus pneumoniae among gram-positive cocci. antibacterial activities of cpr were also strong against branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli, salmonella sp., klebsiella oxytoca, e ... | 1991 | 2041158 |
| enterobacter cloacae bacteremia in children: a review of 30 cases in 12 years. | a review was performed of the 30 cases of pediatric enterobacter cloacae (ebc) bacteremia which occurred at our institution during a 12-year period. these 30 cases represented 88% of all cases in which ebc was isolated by blood culture (four other instances were considered contaminants); the rate of isolation of this organism relative to all positive blood cultures was 0.6%. there were 14 patients less than 12 months of age, with 10 less than 2 months of age. infection was nosocomially-acquired ... | 1991 | 2044341 |
| detection of escherichia coli alpha-haemolysin genes and their expression in a human faecal strain of enterobacter cloacae. | faecal samples of 200 infants were investigated for haemolytic enterobacteriaceae. forty infants were carrying alpha-haemolysin producing escherichia coli, two carried haemolytic strains of morganella morganii and one infant carried a haemolytic strain of enterobacter cloacae. the m. morganii and e. cloacae strains were found to produce alpha-haemolysin which was tested with a specific monoclonal antibody and by dna-hybridization with an alpha-haemolysin specific gene probe. to our knowledge thi ... | 1991 | 2044935 |
| oral mucosal soft tissue necrosis caused by superinfection. report of three cases. | three patients in whom flap necrosis developed after oral surgeries and antibiotic therapies were studied microbiologically by routine aerobic and anaerobic methods. in all cases the bacteria enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella oxytoca, escherichia coli, and coagulase-negative penicillinase-producing staphylococci were resistant to the antibiotics used. these bacteria are frequent microorganisms of superinfection and were not found after the necrotic tissues had repaired. | 1991 | 2047093 |
| activity of human extravascular temocillin concentrations simulated in an in-vitro kinetic model against beta-lactamase producing gram-negative bacilli. | an in-vitro kinetic model was used to demonstrate the bactericidal activity of concentrations of temocillin achieved in extravascular body fluids following a 1 g intravenous dosage in man. concentrations of temocillin attainable in peripheral lymph were bactericidal for ampicillin-resistant strains of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella oxytoca. likewise, concentrations of temocillin achieved in human blister fluid following a 12-hourly dosage regimen were bactericidal for cult ... | 1991 | 2050587 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo antimicrobial activities of a novel cephalosporin derivative, cp6162, possessing a dihydroxypyridone moiety at the c-3 side chain. | the antibacterial activity of a novel cephalosporin derivative, cp6162, possessing a dihydroxypyridone moiety at the c-3 side chain, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, with ceftazidime, aztreonam and cefoperazone as the reference antibiotics. cp6162 showed weak or little activity against gram-positive bacteria, but potent activity against clinical isolates of the gram-negative species including strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, ps. cepacia, acinetobacter sp., xanthomonas maltophilia, serratia ... | 1991 | 2050596 |
| genomic groups and biochemical profiles of clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | a collection of 123 clinical strains presumptively identified as enterobacter cloacae and 12 type and reference strains of enterobacter spp. were genotypically investigated by a quantitative bacterial dot method for dna-dna hybridization, giving an estimate of delta tm (difference in thermal denaturation midpoint between homologous and heterologous duplexes). the api 20e system was used for phenotypic characterization. using discontinuities in the values of delta tm as criterion, five genomic gr ... | 1991 | 2054168 |
| aztreonam: a review of the first monobactam. | aztreonam represents the first synthetic monobactam marketed in the united states and is being viewed as a nontoxic alternative to the aminoglycosides. advantages of aztreonam over the aminoglycosides include lack of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity and better penetration into the csf. additional advantages include its use in penicillin and cephalosporin allergic patients. disadvantages of aztreonam compared to the aminoglycosides include the cost of the drug (50 times more expensive than gentamic ... | 1991 | 2063887 |
| cloning, sequencing, and use as a molecular probe of a gene encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase of broad substrate profile. | a gene coding for an aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase that was able to modify amikacin was cloned from a plasmid isolated from a clinical strain of enterobacter cloacae. sequencing of a 955-bp segment which mediates the modifying activity revealed a single open reading frame of 432 nucleotides that predicted a polypeptide of 144 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 16,021. putative ribosomal binding sites and -10 and -35 sequences were located at the 5' end of the gene. the size o ... | 1991 | 2069376 |
| the in-vitro activity of cefodizime: a review. | for enterobacteriaceae, mic50s and mic90s of cefodizime (mg/l), respectively, were as follows, for naturally non-beta-lactamase-producing species: escherichia coli 0.12 and 0.5, salmonella spp. and shigella spp. 0.25 and 0.5, proteus mirabilis 0.016 and 0.03; for chromosomal penicillinase-producing species. klebsiella spp. 0.25 and 64, and for chromosomal cephalosporinase-producing species. enterobacter cloacae 1 and 64, citrobacter freundii 1 and 128, serratia marcescens 2 and 8: indole-positiv ... | 1990 | 2074248 |
| [case of recurrent intra-oral herpes]. | a case of severe secondary herpes simplex infection is presented and the possibility of a secondary infection by enterobacter cloacae is discussed. | 1990 | 2074334 |
| [survey on clinical isolates from 13 hospitals in akita prefecture--changes in frequency and susceptibility of isolates by scale of hospital. survey group for clinical isolates, chemotherapy research committee of akita prefecture]. | isolates from various clinical materials in 13 hospitals in akita prefecture and their drug susceptibility were investigated by the chemotherapy research committee of akita prefecture during the period from dec., 1987 to feb., 1988. the results were as follows: 1. the total number of isolates was 8,387, including staphylococcus aureus (18.9%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.9%), staphylococcus epidermidis (7.3%) and enterococcus faecalis (6.6%). s, aureus and p. aeruginosa were detected more frequen ... | 1990 | 2074368 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonadaceae and acinetobacter in human periodontitis. | this study examined the occurrence of non-oral gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods in advanced adult periodontitis. speciation and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the microscan micromethod system. a total of 42 taxa of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonadaceae and acinetobacter were isolated from 427 of 3,050 (14.0%) patients. in 159 (5.2%) patients, these organisms comprised more than 5% of the cultivable subgingival microflora. enterobacter cloacae, klebsiel ... | 1990 | 2080069 |
| a comparison of the mechanisms of decreased susceptibility of aztreonam-resistant and ceftazidime-resistant enterobacteriaceae. | twenty five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii and providencia stuartii) were exposed to aztreonam and ceftazidime at 1/2 and 1 x mic in liquid medium for 22 h, and also to 3, 5 and 10 x mic and 16 mg/l of each agent in agar. any putative mutant with an increase in the mic of greater than or equal to 4 fold was examined for beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein profile. mutants were selec ... | 1990 | 2081717 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. a study mainly focused on imipenem. research group for testing imipenem susceptibility on clinical isolates]. | we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at 459 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1988. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were performed at each hospital laboratory and the tests were carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: , ++, + and -. ipm had significantly high activity against st ... | 1990 | 2086814 |
| combination of ofloxacin and other antimicrobial agents. | we evaluated the combination of ofloxacin with piperacillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, rifampin, clindamycin, and metronidazole by the checkerboard agar dilution method against 165 isolates which included escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, providencia stuartii, acinetobacter, staphylococcus aureus, bacteroides fragilis, and citrobacter perfringens. synergy of piperacillin-ofloxacin was demonstrated for 50% and 40% respectivel ... | 1990 | 2093103 |