| selection and characterization of cefepime-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | the nctc type strains and four clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, providencia stuartii and pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed, in agar, to cefepime at 3, 5, and 10 x mic and a breakpoint concentration of 16 mg/l. mutants were selected at a frequency of approximately 10(-8) that had decreased susceptibility to cefepime and cefpirome, and species-dependent resistance to other beta-lactams. any putative mutant with a greater t ... | 1991 | 1778870 |
| enterobacter cloacae with clavulanic acid dependent variants. | | 1991 | 1778883 |
| post-antibiotic effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on gram-negative bacteria in relation to morphology, initial killing and mic. | the in vitro post-antibiotic effect (pae) of cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and imipenem on reference strains of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens were evaluated by bioluminescence assay of bacterial atp. in parallel with the pae determination, initial killing and morphology studies were performed. imipenem produced greater than 1 h pae on all strains tested, cefepime and cefotaxime on four strains and ceftazidime onl ... | 1991 | 1794362 |
| in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin me-1206 compared with other agents. | the in vitro activity of me-1206, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that can be orally absorbed when converted to an ester, was compared with that of other beta-lactams. me-1206 inhibited 50% of the enterobacteriaceae at 2 micrograms/ml, similar to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefixime. it did not inhibit, mic greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml, enterobacter species or citrobacter freundii resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, and it was less active than cefotaxime and ceftazidime aga ... | 1991 | 1797456 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents, 1989. a study mainly focused on imipenem. the research group for testing imipenem susceptibilities of clinical isolates]. | we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1989. the susceptibility testing was carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: (+++), (++), (+) and (-). ipm showed markedly high in vitro activities against streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, moraxella catarrhalis, es ... | 1991 | 1798067 |
| [hematogenous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis caused by enterobacter cloacae]. | | 1991 | 1799622 |
| in vitro activity of cefpodoxime and ten other cephalosporins against gram-positive cocci, enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa, including beta-lactamase producers. | cefpodoxime, the deesterified part of the orally available cefpodoxime proxetil, is active against most enterobacteriaceae with mic50 of 0.06 to 2 mg/l. only enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii strains show mic50 of 4 mg/l. coagulase negative staphylococci have a mic50 of 2, while staphylococcus aureus strains have a mic of 4 mg/l. in comparison to other orally available cephalosporins cefpodoxime is slightly less active than cefixime and cefotiam against gram-negative bacteria but mor ... | 1991 | 1800378 |
| cefpodoxime: comparative antibacterial activity, influence of growth conditions, and bactericidal activity. | the antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester cefpodoxime proxetil, in comparison to cefixime, cefotiam, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime was determined against a broad spectrum of freshly isolated gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. cefpodoxime was demonstrated to be inhibitory at concentrations of less than or equal to 1 mg/l against 90% of strains of moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli (beta-lactamase- nega ... | 1991 | 1800379 |
| in vitro and in vivo activity of carbamate-linked dual-action antibacterial ro 24-4383. | ro 24-4383 contains desacetylcefotaxime linked by a carbamate bond at the 3' position to ciprofloxacin. ro 24-4383 was active against 99% of the 363 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes tested in vitro, while the comparative agents cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin were active against 77 and 97%, respectively. the activities (ed50: mg/kg s.c.) of ro 24-4383, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin in systemic murine infections were: escherichia coli 257, 1.4, less than 0.5, less than 0.2; klebsiella pneumoni ... | 1991 | 1804592 |
| antimicrobial activity of ru29246 (hr916 metabolite) compared with four other oral beta-lactams tested against more than 5000 clinical isolates. | the activity of ru29246, the active metabolite of the oral cephalosporin ester hr916, was compared in a multicenter study with that of the four oral beta-lactam antibiotics cephalexin, cefaclor, cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate (amoxicillin/ca). ru29246 was generally 2- to 8-fold more active than the other oral cephalosporins and comparable to amoxicillin/ca against staphylococci, and was the most active cephalosporin against group b streptococci. all four cephalosporins were ineffective aga ... | 1991 | 1810737 |
| antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin administered intravenously in a pharmacodynamic in vitro model. | the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was evaluated in an in vitro model by simulating its pharmacokinetics following a single 100 or 200 mg administration intravenously. the one compartment open model described by grasso and coworkers was used for these experiments. ciprofloxacin concentrations in the model were reproduced by calculations based on the concentration-time curve in human volunteers as reported by wise and others. the maximum r ... | 1991 | 1813438 |
| antibacterial activities of amoxicillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid correlated with beta-lactamase production. | amoxicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, was tested for its effect in combination with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, against 9 species of bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. a total of 698 strains of bacteria were tested for beta-lactamase production by the rapid chromogenic cephalosporin method. their susceptibilities to amoxicillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid were tested by the agar dilution method. the percentage of beta-lactamase producing strains ranged ... | 1991 | 1818798 |
| beta-lactamase induction antagonizes beta-lactam susceptibilities in citrobacter diversus and enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates. | inducible beta-lactamases were obtained after exposure to several beta-lactams in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter diversus. enzyme production was related to the inducer and medium composition. beta-lactamase is able to inactivate only labile compounds, thus generating minimum inhibitory concentrations higher than in the absence of the inducer; imipenem susceptibilities usually were not changed. | 1991 | 1819615 |
| [hemorrhagic bursitis infected by enterobacter cloacae]. | | 1991 | 1836608 |
| direct evidence of the entner-doudoroff pathway operating in the metabolism of d-glucosamine in bacteria. | pseudomonas fluorescens (migula) (ifo 14808) has both a membrane-bound pqq-dependent d-glucose (d-glc) dehydrogenase [ec 1.1.99.17] [which also acts on d-glucosamine (d-glcn)] and a plp-dependent d-glucosaminate (d-glcna) dehydratase [ec 4.2.1.26]. further, these two enzymes were induced when d-glcn was added to the culture medium. however, d-glucosamine-6-phosphate (d-glcn-6-p) isomerase [ec 5.3.1.10], another enzyme involved in the metabolism of d-glcn, was only present at a low level in this ... | 1991 | 1849886 |
| membrane-bound respiratory system of enterobacter cloacae strain ho1 grown anaerobically with chromate. | chromate has been demonstrated to be an electron acceptor in the respiratory chain of anaerobically grown enterobacter cloacae strain ho1. by using potentiometric titration and low temperature spectroscopy, the spectral absorption of the anaerobic membrane vesicles of this organism in the presence of chromate was resolved into six peaks at 548, 549, 550, 555, 556, and 558 nm in the alpha band of the reduced minus oxidized spectra. the spectra elicited by chromate are attributed to cytochromes c5 ... | 1991 | 1851711 |
| long term sequelae of childhood acute bacterial meningitis in a developing country. a study from the sudan. | 35 survivors of acute bacterial meningitis (abm) from a group of 44 sudanese children--seen during 18 months (april 1985-november 1986)--were prospectively followed to ascertain the long-term sequelae of the disease. 30 (17 with haemophilus influenzae, 8 neisseria meningitidis, 4 streptococcus pneumoniae and one child with enterobacter cloacae meningitis) could be followed during the surveillance period (3-4 years). three (10%), including 2 with hemiplegia, died after 11-12 months. the associati ... | 1991 | 1853165 |
| comparative in vitro antibacterial activity of sparfloxacin (at-4140; rp 64206), a new quinolone. | the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (at-4140; rp 64206), a new fluoroquinolone, was compared with those of 10 other agents against 1,222 clinical isolates. sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were the most active quinolones against members of the family enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli; sparfloxacin had superior activity against gram-positive cocci in comparison with the activities of ciprofloxacin and the other quinolones tested (norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, and pefloxacin) ... | 1991 | 1854167 |
| concomitant dissemination of three extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among different enterobacteriaceae isolated in a french hospital. | from january 1988 to august 1989, 267 non-repetitive strains of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbla) derived from tem (ctx-1/tem-3, caz-6) or shv (caz-5) were isolated from 219 colonized or infected patients. esblas were characterized by analytical isoelectric focusing. biotypes, resistance phenotypes and plasmid patterns were determined in order to differentiate the isolates in each species. among the 116 ctx-1-producing enterobacteriaceae, 48 strains were diff ... | 1991 | 1856124 |
| in vitro activity of an oxycephem ocp 9-176 compared with its sulfur analog and other beta-lactams. | ocp 9-176 is an oxycephem antibiotic that contains a 2-aminothiazolyl, carboxypropyl side chain at c-7 and a pyridinium thiomethyl group at c-3. ocp 9-176 was generally twofold less active than its sulfur-containing analog me 1228 against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, providencia stuartii, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens. activity against enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii was equivalent. ocp 9-176 was twofold less active than me-1228 against p ... | 1991 | 1873972 |
| [clinical evaluation of cefpirome in children]. | cefpirome (cpr, hr 810) was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 11 patients with ages from 4 months to 11 years with bacterial infection. the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. cpr was administered to 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, a patient with pneumonia, a patient with tonsillitis, 2 patients with acute pharyngitis and a patient with suppurative parotitis at daily dosage levels ranging 55.5-91.7 mg/kg, divided into 3 using intravenous bolus injection or 30 minut ... | 1991 | 1880923 |
| [combined antibacterial activity of aztreonam and clindamycin against clinically isolated strains]. | it has been reported in some studies that the combination of aztreonam (azt) and clindamycin (cldm) have high clinical effectiveness in the treatment of intractable infections. we, therefore, studied combined in vitro antibacterial activity of these 2 compounds using many freshly isolated strains. 1. azt and cldm in combination had synergistic effects on staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae, which are sensitive or quasi-sensitive ... | 1991 | 1880932 |
| variation in induction of chromosomal beta-lactamase expression in strains of enterobacter cloacae. | eight strains of enterobacter cloacae with varying patterns of susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics were studied to compare the inducibility and expression of their beta-lactamase genes. these strains included two isolates from one patient, which differed in their susceptibility to cefamandole. a resistant strain constitutively produced large amounts of beta-lactamase; a sensitive strain produced an inducible beta-lactamase. study of induction and growth characteristics of all strains revea ... | 1991 | 1889305 |
| combination effect of sce-2787 and cefepime with aminoglycosides on nosocomial gram-negative bacteria. | the in vitro activity of cefepime and sce-2787, two new parenteral cephalosporins, and the combination effect with tobramycin and gentamicin against nosocomial gram-negative rods was studied using checkerboard agar dilution technique. cefepime showed excellent in-vitro activity against klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and proteus vulgaris (mic90 0.03-0.125 mg/l) and good to moderate activity against acinetobacter anitratus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas c ... | 1991 | 1889877 |
| fleroxacin combined with rifampin. | we determined the effect of the combination of rifampin and fleroxacin against enterobacteriaceae and streptococcal species. none of the 65 isolates tested by checkerboard assay demonstrated synergy, 12% of isolates showed an additive effect; 86.7% were indifferent, and only 1 isolate showed antagonism. the mean fic was 1.2. when using 2 and 8 micrograms/ml of rifampin, fleroxacin mics of 285 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococci, streptoco ... | 1991 | 1901534 |
| formaldehyde-resistance in enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa: identification of resistance genes by dna-hybridization. | a 4.1. kb large dna fragment of a e. coli plasmid pvu 3695, on which the genes for formaldehyde-resistance are located, was used as a dna probe to identify bacteria that carry this segment among formaldehyde-resistant bacteria. it was shown by southern blot-, dot blot-, and colony blot- hybridization studies that the dna of all formaldehyde-resistant e. coli, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae strains tested hybridize with the dna probe from ... | 1991 | 1909132 |
| aspergillosis of the cns in a pediatric liver transplant recipient: case report and review. | a 2-month-old infant who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation at the age of 2 weeks for carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency developed infection of the cns due to aspergillus fumigatus. the patient was successfully treated with administration of a combination of antifungal agents (including intraventricular amphotericin b), drainage of the parietal lobe abscess, and cessation of immunosuppression. an intraventricular catheter was used both to obtain ventricular fluid for microbiol ... | 1991 | 1925287 |
| in vitro comparison of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin, with ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against 5,203 recent clinical isolates. | the activity of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin, was compared with those of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in a multicenter study against 5,203 fresh clinical isolates of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. gr69153 was generally very active at concentrations equivalent to or two- to fourfold lower than those of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against gram-negative bacilli other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and xanthomonas maltophilia. against pseudomonas ae ... | 1991 | 1929319 |
| the use of the php-ke biochemical fingerprinting system in epidemiological studies of faecal enterobacter cloacae strains from infants in swedish neonatal wards. | the pheneplate (php) biochemical fingerprinting system is an automated method for typing of bacteria, based on the evaluation of the kinetics of biochemical reactions, performed in microtitre plates. in the present study the php-klebsiella/enterobacter (ke) system was evaluated for typing of enterobacter cloacae and employed to study the epidemiology of faecal e. cloacae strains isolated from infants in 22 swedish neonatal wards. the php-ke system showed a high reproducibility and discrimination ... | 1991 | 1936153 |
| factors affecting duration of in-vivo postantibiotic effect for aminoglycosides against gram-negative bacilli. | a murine thigh-infection model was used to determine the effect of certain host- and drug-related factors on the duration of the in-vivo postantibiotic effect (pae) observed with aminoglycosides against gram-negative bacilli. the role of neutrophils (pmns), pharmacokinetics and variation among species and strains were studied. paes were quantitated after a single injection of gentamicin or amikacin. paes were several hours longer in normal mice than in neutropenic mice, in mice with renal impair ... | 1991 | 1938689 |
| microbial growth and endotoxin production in the intravenous anesthetic propofol. | in this study, we measured microbial growth and endotoxin production in the intravenous anesthetic propofol using 10 different microbial strains; 6 isolated from outbreak cases and 4 from laboratory stock cultures. | 1991 | 1940276 |
| in vitro activity of chlorhexidine against enteric rods, pseudomonads and acinetobacter from human periodontitis. | fifty-eight periodontal isolates of the families enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae, and the genera acinetobacter and achromobacter were studied to determine their susceptibility to peridex (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate solution; procter & gamble). in an agar dilution assay, about 50% of the study strains grew in the presence of 70 micrograms/ml of chlorhexidine. enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas cepacia, and serratia marcescens comprised th ... | 1991 | 1945483 |
| influence of beta-lactamase inhibitors on the potency of their companion drug with organisms possessing class i enzymes. | the ability of beta-lactamase inhibitors to induce class i beta-lactamases in certain organisms in vitro suggests a potential for antagonism in vivo. therefore, a study was designed to assess the ability of sulbactam and clavulanate to induce beta-lactamases in two strains each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa both in vitro and in vivo. induction in vitro was observed only with s. marcescens and p. aeruginosa and generally only when i ... | 1991 | 1929291 |
| characterization of fce 22101-resistant enterobacteriaceae and the effect of fce 22101 upon the activity of anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams for pseudomonas aeruginosa. | twenty-five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, and providencia stuartii) were exposed to fce 22101 in agar containing 3, 5, or 10 x the mic. any putative mutant with a greater than or equal to four-fold increase in the mic was examined for beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein (omp) profile. mutant colonies were selected at a frequency of 10(-7)-10(-11) with decreased susceptibility to f ... | 1991 | 1960118 |
| association of two resistance mechanisms in a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae with high-level resistance to imipenem. | carbapenem resistance was studied in a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae, strain 201 (mic of imipenem and meropenem, 16 micrograms/ml). this strain was analyzed comparatively with the carbapenem-susceptible parent strain 200, an equally susceptible revertant, 201-rev, and in vitro-selected mutants with different levels of carbapenem resistance. all strains produced similarly high amounts of the same cephalosporinase (piapp = 8.8). strain 201 apparently lacked two major outer membrane prot ... | 1991 | 1929248 |
| novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase (mir-1) conferring resistance to oxyimino- and alpha-methoxy beta-lactams in clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae. | klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 11 patients at the miriam hospital were identified as resistant to cefoxitin and ceftibuten as well as to aztreonam, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. resistance could be transferred by conjugation or transformation with plasmid dna into escherichia coli and was due to the production of a beta-lactamase with an isoelectric point of 8.4 named mir-1. in e. coli, mir-1 conferred resistance to aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftriaxone, and such alpha- ... | 1990 | 1963529 |
| enterobacter cloacae in a leukaemic patient. | | 1990 | 1976683 |
| bacteremia caused by enterobacter: 15 years of experience in a cancer hospital. | a total of 296 episodes of bacteremia due to enterobacter occurred in 281 patients with cancer between 1972 and 1986. the majority of these episodes were caused by enterobacter cloacae. seventy-four percent of the patients developed their infection while in the hospital and 55% had received therapeutic antibiotics during the 10 days preceding the onset of the infection. enterobacter bacteremia was associated with shock in 24% of the patients and with disseminated intravascular coagulation in onl ... | 1991 | 1925270 |
| antimicrobial activities of six new oral cephem antibiotics. | six newly developed oral cephem antibiotics, which included 5 with an aminothiazolyl side chain, viz., cefixime, cefotiam hexetil, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefteram pivoxil, ceftibuten, and one with a conventional side chain design, bmy 28100, were tested for their antimicrobial activities. three traditional oral beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin, cephalexin, and cefaclor, were used as reference antibiotics. the 5 aminothiazolyl cephems were more active than the reference drugs against clinical i ... | 1990 | 1981227 |
| in vitro phagocytic interaction between trichomonas vaginalis isolates and bacteria. | the phagocytic activity of 12 trichomonas vaginalis isolates against both gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, lactobacillus spp.) and gram-negative bacteria (enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047, 5 strains of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853) was studied. results showed that all the isolates were able to ingest staphylococcus aureus to a variable degree, and almost all of them showed phagocytic activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa. furthermore, experiments ... | 1991 | 1915384 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients undergoing liver transplantation: an emerging problem. | in our institution, pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia appeared to occur with increasing frequency in patients undergoing liver transplantation. we thus conducted a prospective study to define risk factors and outcome in these patients. over a 19-month period 6% of liver transplants were followed by pseudomonas bacteremia. the mean age was 46 years (range, 24 to 67 years). the interval between transplantation and onset of bacteremia was 3 to 372 days (mean, 80). the incidence of pseudomonas bacte ... | 1991 | 1984637 |
| septicemia caused by contaminated parenteral nutrition pouches: the refrigerator as an unusual cause. | eleven patients in a hospital presented with septicemia caused by enterobacter cloacae. the origin was the contamination of parenteral nutrition admixture from a resting place in the refrigerator of the parenteral mixture preparation room. | 1991 | 1910114 |
| production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli of serotypes o157:h7 and o26:h11. | a monoclonal antibody (mab 4e8c12) specific for escherichia coli o157:h7 and o26:h11 was produced by immunizing balb/c mice with a rough strain of e. coli o157:h7. the antibody reacted strongly by a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with each of 36 strains of e. coli o157:h7. no cross-reactivity was observed with strains of salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, shigella dysenteriae, proteus spp., escherichia hermanii, klebsiella pneumoniae, campylobacter jejuni, serratia marcescens, c ... | 1991 | 1993773 |
| intravenous ciprofloxacin versus ceftazidime for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection. | intravenous ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime were compared for efficacy in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection (uti). patients with nosocomial pneumonia were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin (as the lactate salt) 300 mg i.v. every 12 hours or ceftazidime (with sodium carbonate) 2 g i.v. every eight hours. patients with uti were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin 200 mg i.v. every 12 hours or ceftazidime 1 g i.v. every eight hours. sputum and urine specimens were co ... | 1991 | 1999086 |
| purification and characterization of an oxygen-insensitive nad(p)h nitroreductase from enterobacter cloacae. | the reductive products of several nitroaromatic compounds have been found to be toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. the nitroreductases present in intestinal microflora have been implicated in the biotransformation of these compounds to their deleterious metabolites. a "classical" nitroreductase has been purified from enterobacter cloacae 587-fold using a protocol which yields approximately 1 mg of purified nitroreductase from 10 liters of cell culture. an analysis of the physical properties of ... | 1991 | 1999405 |
| the importance of the negative charge of beta-lactam compounds in the interactions with active-site serine dd-peptidases and beta-lactamases. | the interaction between various penicillins and cephalosporins the carboxylate group of which at c-3 or c-4 had been esterified or amidated and different penicillin-recognizing enzymes was studied. in general, our findings reinforced the common assumption that an anionic group at that position is necessary for the effective acylation of these enzymes. however, the relative activities of the modified beta-lactams as inactivators of the streptomyces r61 dd-peptidase or as substrates of the bacillu ... | 1991 | 1898366 |
| antimicrobial effects of the combination of ceftibuten and an orally absorbed penem sch 29482. | ceftibuten is a new beta-lactamase-stable 3-aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that lacks activity against staphylococci and group-b streptococci. we determined the effect of the combination of ceftibuten with sch 29482, an orally absorbed penem. the combination of the two agents was additive for 25% or indifferent for 57% of the gram-positive species, haemophilus, and moraxella tested with a mean fractional inhibitory concentration (fic) index of 0.75. the combination of ceftibuten and sch 29482 was ... | 1991 | 2013213 |
| ability of ceftibuten to induce the class-i beta-lactamases of enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and enterobacter aerogenes. | ceftibuten, like cefotaxime, was observed to be a weak inducer of the class-i beta-lactamases of enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and enterobacter aerogenes. in contrast, cefoxitin and imipenem induced these enzymes strongly at subinhibitory concentrations. | 1991 | 2013214 |
| reduction of capsular polysaccharide and potentiation of aminoglycoside inhibition in gram-negative bacteria by bismuth subsalicylate. | bismuth subsalicylate (bss), sodium salicylate, and bismuth nitrate were compared with respect to their effects on capsular polysaccharide (cps) production, bacterial growth inhibition, and potentiation of aminoglycoside inhibition on strains of gram-negative bacteria. at 250 microm, bss reduced cps production in klebsiella pneumoniae cultures by greater than 90% in contrast to a 36% reduction by salicylate. at 500 microm, salicylate reduced cps by 52%, versus a 70% reduction by bismuth nitrate. ... | 1991 | 1816178 |
| reevaluation of the factors involved in the efficacy of new beta-lactams against enterobacter cloacae. | the roles of outer membrane permeability, beta-lactamase stability, and inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins in the activity of new beta-lactams against enterobacter cloacae were reappraised by using several methodological improvements. outer membrane permeability in intact cells was determined by using a high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc)-based technique that avoided certain possible artifacts of the traditional methods. vmax values were calculated from the numbers of enzyme molecu ... | 1991 | 2014984 |
| an evaluation of the antibacterial activities of combinations of sulfonamides, trimethoprim, dibromopropamidine, and silver nitrate compared with their uptakes by selected bacteria. | modifications of antibacterial activity have been demonstrated using combinations of two antibacterials from trimethoprim, sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and silver sulfadiazine), silver nitrate, and dibromopropamidine isethionate, either formulated in a cream base or dissolved in peptone water. the creams were evaluated using the agar cup diffusion method in isosensitest agar. the peptone water solutions provided fractional inhibitory concentrations for combinations of the antibacte ... | 1991 | 1800710 |
| comparison of silver sulfadiazine 1% with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% to silver sulfadiazine 1% alone in the prophylactic topical antibacterial treatment of burns. | wound bacterial colonization in 118 patients treated with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% in silver sulfadiazine 1% applied daily to the burn wounds was compared to that of 135 comparable patients similarly treated with silver sulfadiazine 1%. with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% in silver sulfadiazine 1%, colonization by staphylococcus aureus was less frequent (38%) than with silver sulfadiazine (54%, p = 0.016). no statistical difference was found for colonization by enterococcus faecalis, pseud ... | 1991 | 2022674 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of gr69153, a new long-acting cephalosporin. | gr69153, a new parenteral cephalosporin, inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, proteus mirabilis, citrobacter diversus, shigellae, and salmonellae at less than 0.25 micrograms/ml (mic90). it had activity comparable to those of ceftazidime, cefpirome, cefepime, and e-1040. against cephalosporinase-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens, mics ranged from 0.12 to greater than 32 micrograms/ml, and cefpirome and cefepime were the most active ag ... | 1991 | 2024959 |
| altered phenotypes associated with ampd mutations in enterobacter cloacae. | a study was done to determine the genetic locus responsible for altered expression of ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae 1194e and several mutants derived from e. cloacae 029. these phenotypes were defined by units of enzyme activity found in sonic extracts of cells before and after induction with cefoxitin and included (units uninduced/units induced) the wild-type (7/219), high-level constitutive (10,911/10,862), temperature-sensitive (at 30 degrees c 82/706 and at 42 degrees c 5,031/6 ... | 1991 | 2024967 |
| oral associated bacterial infection in horses: studies on the normal anaerobic flora from the pharyngeal tonsillar surface and its association with lower respiratory tract and paraoral infections. | two hundred and seventy bacterial isolates were obtained from the pharyngeal tonsillar surface of 12 normal horses and 98 obligatory anaerobic bacteria were characterised. of these, 57 isolates belonging to 7 genera (peptostreptococcus (1); eubacterium (9); clostridium (6); veillonella (6); megasphera (1); bacteroides (28); fusobacterium (6)) were identified, and 16 of these were identified to species level (p. anaerobius (1); e. fossor (9); c. villosum (1); b. fragilis (1); b. tectum (2); b. he ... | 1991 | 2031304 |
| comparison of silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent, silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent plus chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2 per cent and mafenide acetate 8.5 per cent for topical antibacterial effect in infected full skin thickness rat burn wounds. | silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent (ss), silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent plus chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2 per cent (ss + cd 0.2 per cent) and mafenide acetate 8.5 per cent (ma) were compared to assess the antibacterial effect of once daily application on experimental rat 20 per cent full skin thickness burn wounds seeded 24 h earlier with 10(8) microorganisms originally isolated from infected wounds of burned patients. separate series evaluated staph. aureus, enterococcus faecalis, enterobacter c ... | 1991 | 2031672 |
| trends in antibiotic utilization and bacterial resistance. report of the national nosocomial resistance surveillance group. | the increasing use of "third-generation" cephalosporins has been associated with a rising prevalence of resistant bacteria possessing type-i beta-lactamases. at millard fillmore hospital (buffalo, new york), we observed an unusually high occurrence of multiply resistant enterobacter cloacae infections, especially in the intensive care unit. susceptibilities were found to have declined substantially from 1988 to 1990, most notably for ceftazidime and mezlocillin, which decreased from 83% to 54% a ... | 1992 | 1737442 |
| comparison of susceptibility to beta-lactam antimicrobial agents among bacteria isolated from intensive care units. | evaluating microbial isolation and susceptibility patterns from institutional settings is a well-established component of ongoing infection control activities. at the university of michigan hospitals, susceptibility profiles for selected bacteria tested from 1984 to 1989 were analyzed for major changes in the percentage of organisms susceptible to beta-lactam antimicrobials. data on bacteria isolated from respiratory specimens obtained from 1433 patients in intensive care units (icus) during a 1 ... | 1992 | 1737439 |
| [antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against fresh clinical isolates from superficial suppurative foci]. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 5 drugs (ciprofloxacin (cpfx), and 4 drugs used as standard) were determined to investigate antibacterial potencies of cpfx against bacterial strains isolated in 1989 from superficial suppurative foci. the clinical isolates tested included 375 strains from 11 aerobic bacterial species, and 50 strains from 2 anerobic bacterial genera (group) for a total of 425 isolates. interpreting mic level distributions of these drugs as the expression of antibac ... | 1991 | 2041153 |
| [combined effect of sulbactam/cefoperazone and other antibiotics against clinical isolates of multi-resistant strains. ii. in vitro combined effects of sulbactam/cefoperazone with imipenem/cilastatin, cefuzonam, flomoxef, amikacin or tobramycin]. | we evaluated combined effects of sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) with each of imipenem/cilastatin (ipm), cefuzonam, flomoxef, amikacin (amk) and tobramycin (tob) against 324 clinical strains. through this study, we obtained the following results. 1. against serratia marcescens and enterobacter cloacae, good synergism was obtained by combining sbt/cpz with ipm, amk, or tob. 2. against pseudomonas aeruginosa, good synergism was obtained by combining sbt/cpz with amk or tob. 3. when sbt/cpz was us ... | 1991 | 2041154 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpirome in pediatrics]. | cefpirome (cpr, hr 810), a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied for its pharmacokinetics, bacteriological and clinical effects in the field of pediatrics. 1. cpr was very active against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococcus pneumoniae among gram-positive cocci. antibacterial activities of cpr were also strong against branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli, salmonella sp., klebsiella oxytoca, e ... | 1991 | 2041158 |
| septic arthritis following arthroscopy: clinical syndromes and analysis of risk factors. | during a 4-year study of 4,256 knee arthroscopies, eighteen patients became infected (infection rate 0.42%). occurrence of infection was strongly associated with use of long-acting intraarticular intraoperative corticosteroids. infection was more common among patients with longer surgery operating times, increased numbers of procedures during surgery, prior procedures, and performance of chondroplasty or soft tissue debridement. subsequent to the study, the infection rate fell to 0.1%. twenty-fo ... | 1992 | 1637435 |
| detection of escherichia coli alpha-haemolysin genes and their expression in a human faecal strain of enterobacter cloacae. | faecal samples of 200 infants were investigated for haemolytic enterobacteriaceae. forty infants were carrying alpha-haemolysin producing escherichia coli, two carried haemolytic strains of morganella morganii and one infant carried a haemolytic strain of enterobacter cloacae. the m. morganii and e. cloacae strains were found to produce alpha-haemolysin which was tested with a specific monoclonal antibody and by dna-hybridization with an alpha-haemolysin specific gene probe. to our knowledge thi ... | 1991 | 2044935 |
| infectious discitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. | the case is reported of a patient who developed a vertebral osteomyelitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. the organism was isolated in cultures of blood and vertebral puncture biopsy samples. the patient was satisfactorily treated with trimethroprim and sulphamethoxazole. enterobacter cloacae, a gram negative organism, has been confirmed as the cause of bacteremia in patients with burns, urinary infections, in adults with pneumonia, and in children with joint infections. spondylodiscitis caused ... | 1992 | 1632668 |
| activity of human extravascular temocillin concentrations simulated in an in-vitro kinetic model against beta-lactamase producing gram-negative bacilli. | an in-vitro kinetic model was used to demonstrate the bactericidal activity of concentrations of temocillin achieved in extravascular body fluids following a 1 g intravenous dosage in man. concentrations of temocillin attainable in peripheral lymph were bactericidal for ampicillin-resistant strains of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella oxytoca. likewise, concentrations of temocillin achieved in human blister fluid following a 12-hourly dosage regimen were bactericidal for cult ... | 1991 | 2050587 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo antimicrobial activities of a novel cephalosporin derivative, cp6162, possessing a dihydroxypyridone moiety at the c-3 side chain. | the antibacterial activity of a novel cephalosporin derivative, cp6162, possessing a dihydroxypyridone moiety at the c-3 side chain, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, with ceftazidime, aztreonam and cefoperazone as the reference antibiotics. cp6162 showed weak or little activity against gram-positive bacteria, but potent activity against clinical isolates of the gram-negative species including strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, ps. cepacia, acinetobacter sp., xanthomonas maltophilia, serratia ... | 1991 | 2050596 |
| mechanism of inhibition of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 by phosphonate monoesters. | the class c serine beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 was inhibited by a series of aryl methylphosphonate monoester monoanions. the effectiveness of these inhibitors was promoted by an acylamido substituent on the methyl group and a good leaving group at phosphorus. the former preference suggests that noncovalent interaction of these inhibitors with the enzyme resembles that of substrates, while the latter suggests that nucleophilic displacement at phosphorus occurs as part of the inhibi ... | 1992 | 1610830 |
| pharmacokinetic disposition and bactericidal activities of cefepime, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone in serum and blister fluid. | cefepime is a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin with excellent gram-positive and gram-negative activity including activity against staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacter cloacae. the pharmacokinetic disposition of cefepime is similar to that of ceftazidime. we compared the pharmacokinetic characteristics and the extent and duration of bactericidal activity in serum and suction-induced blister fluid after single 2-g intravenous doses of cefepime, ceftazidime, and cefoperaz ... | 1992 | 1605609 |
| nucleotide sequence of the ampc-ampr region from the chromosome of yersinia enterocolitica. | the nucleotide sequence of a 3.1-kb region from the chromosome of the yersinia enterocolitica o:5b strain ip97 containing the gene for an inducible chromosomal cephalosporinase has been determined. the cephalosporinase gene was homologous to other enterobacterial chromosomal cephalosporinase genes, and it was accompanied by a gene homologous to the regulatory ampr gene. the arrangement of genes in the y. enterocolitica ampcr unit was identical to that in the enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter ... | 1992 | 1510392 |
| the in-vitro activity of cefodizime: a review. | for enterobacteriaceae, mic50s and mic90s of cefodizime (mg/l), respectively, were as follows, for naturally non-beta-lactamase-producing species: escherichia coli 0.12 and 0.5, salmonella spp. and shigella spp. 0.25 and 0.5, proteus mirabilis 0.016 and 0.03; for chromosomal penicillinase-producing species. klebsiella spp. 0.25 and 64, and for chromosomal cephalosporinase-producing species. enterobacter cloacae 1 and 64, citrobacter freundii 1 and 128, serratia marcescens 2 and 8: indole-positiv ... | 1990 | 2074248 |
| beta-lactamase stability and inhibitory activity of meropenem combined with a potent antibacterial activity. | the affinity of meropenem for various known types of beta-lactamases and its stability to them were tested in comparison with other beta-lactams, including imipenem. meropenem exhibited a marked stability to all beta-lactamases tested and was only hydrolyzed by xanthomonas maltophilia beta-lactamase, as were other beta-lactams. this was responsible for the potent antibacterial activities of meropenem against beta-lactamase-producing strains. meropenem and imipenem had almost the same, relatively ... | 1992 | 1473360 |
| [survey on clinical isolates from 13 hospitals in akita prefecture--changes in frequency and susceptibility of isolates by scale of hospital. survey group for clinical isolates, chemotherapy research committee of akita prefecture]. | isolates from various clinical materials in 13 hospitals in akita prefecture and their drug susceptibility were investigated by the chemotherapy research committee of akita prefecture during the period from dec., 1987 to feb., 1988. the results were as follows: 1. the total number of isolates was 8,387, including staphylococcus aureus (18.9%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.9%), staphylococcus epidermidis (7.3%) and enterococcus faecalis (6.6%). s, aureus and p. aeruginosa were detected more frequen ... | 1990 | 2074368 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonadaceae and acinetobacter in human periodontitis. | this study examined the occurrence of non-oral gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods in advanced adult periodontitis. speciation and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the microscan micromethod system. a total of 42 taxa of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonadaceae and acinetobacter were isolated from 427 of 3,050 (14.0%) patients. in 159 (5.2%) patients, these organisms comprised more than 5% of the cultivable subgingival microflora. enterobacter cloacae, klebsiel ... | 1990 | 2080069 |
| a comparison of the mechanisms of decreased susceptibility of aztreonam-resistant and ceftazidime-resistant enterobacteriaceae. | twenty five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii and providencia stuartii) were exposed to aztreonam and ceftazidime at 1/2 and 1 x mic in liquid medium for 22 h, and also to 3, 5 and 10 x mic and 16 mg/l of each agent in agar. any putative mutant with an increase in the mic of greater than or equal to 4 fold was examined for beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein profile. mutants were selec ... | 1990 | 2081717 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. a study mainly focused on imipenem. research group for testing imipenem susceptibility on clinical isolates]. | we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at 459 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1988. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were performed at each hospital laboratory and the tests were carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: , ++, + and -. ipm had significantly high activity against st ... | 1990 | 2086814 |
| combination of ofloxacin and other antimicrobial agents. | we evaluated the combination of ofloxacin with piperacillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, rifampin, clindamycin, and metronidazole by the checkerboard agar dilution method against 165 isolates which included escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, providencia stuartii, acinetobacter, staphylococcus aureus, bacteroides fragilis, and citrobacter perfringens. synergy of piperacillin-ofloxacin was demonstrated for 50% and 40% respectivel ... | 1990 | 2093103 |
| outer membrane permeability and beta-lactamase stability of dipolar ionic cephalosporins containing methoxyimino substituents. | some enteric bacteria, such as enterobacter cloacae, can develop high-level resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins by overproducing their chromosomally encoded type i beta-lactamases. this is because these agents are hydrolyzed rapidly at pharmacologically relevant, low (0.1 to 1 microm), concentrations, owing to their high affinity for type i enzymes. in contrast, the more recently developed cephalosporins, with quaternary-nitrogen-containing substituents at the 3 position, show increased ... | 1990 | 2109581 |
| in vitro investigation of bk-218, a new oral and parenteral cephalosporin. | the antibacterial activity of bk-218 was similar to that of cefamandole when it was tested against several laboratory strains. the inhibiting effect of bk-218 was greater than that of cephalexin and cefoxitin on penicillin-binding proteins of escherichia coli hb101. this result was in close correlation with the relative inhibition of radiolabeled glucosamine incorporation (greatest with bk-218) and with the lytic effect (most intensive with bk-218). bk-218 proved to be a good inhibitor for all f ... | 1990 | 2109582 |
| determination of optimal dosage regimen for amikacin in healthy volunteers by study of pharmacokinetics and bactericidal activity. | the pharmacokinetics and serum killing curves of amikacin, which was administered by a 30-minute intravenous infusion of single doses of 7.5 mg/kg and then 15 mg/kg, were investigated in six healthy volunteers who received the two doses in a crossover study with a washout period of 20 days. the serum killing curves were determined for four bacterial species: escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. all strains were serum resistant, and the bacteric ... | 1990 | 2111658 |
| comparative in vitro activity of the new quinolone sparfloxacin (ci-978, at-4140) against nosocomial gram-negative bloodstream isolates. | the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (ci-978, at-4140), a new quinolone which is active against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and nine other broad-spectrum antibiotics was tested against 128 gram-negative nosocomial bloodstream isolates from separate patients. sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were among the most potent antibiotics against escherichia coli (n = 40), enterobacter cloacae (n = 18), klebsiella oxytoca (n = 13), and klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 19), with mic90 values of less ... | 1990 | 2112467 |
| influence of the addition of mineral salts on the inhibitory activity of strains of the arthrinium genus. | the influence which the addition of certain mineral salts has on the inhibiting activity of strains belonging to the arthrinium genus was studied. the salts employed were agno3, fecl2, mncl2 and cuso4, in concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/l, in the presence of bacillus subtilis, enterobacter cloacae, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, klebsiella pneumoniae, candida albicans and aspergillus niger. for b. subtilis and s. aureus greater inhibition was observed ... | 1990 | 2120549 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1987). i. susceptibility distribution]. | since 1979, ikemoto et al. have been retrospectively surveying the sensitivity of major species of bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics. their findings for the past year are reported below. a total of 825 clinical strains of bacteria was investigated. of this total, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 28.0% (231 strains) and gram-negative bacteria for 72.0% (594 strains). taxonomically, escherichia coli accounted for 34.7% ... | 1990 | 2122040 |
| inhibitory activity of papain on facultative pathogens--short communication. | papain, a proteolytic enzyme obtained from papaya was found inhibitory on few facultative pathogens. while escherichia coli, staphylococcus albus, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae were inhibited at concentration from 200 ppm on the cell density of staphylococcus faecalis decreased only at higher concentration of papain (400-800 ppm). | 1990 | 2124762 |
| [bacteriologic control of total parenteral nutrition formulations at the bellvitge hospital]. | septic complications often lead to halting nutritional parenteral therapy. in general, the source of infection lies in the mixture, the connection and/or point of catheter insertion. the objective of this study is to show the need for bacteriological control throughout the parenteral nutrition process in order to assess the efficacy of the methods used, discover the source of infection and establish an in-house quality control. different methods for bacteriological control of parenteral nutritio ... | 1990 | 2127706 |
| [microbial growth in parenteral nutrition. ii. effects of osmolality]. | study on the behaviour of five microorganisms in different formulations of parenteral nutrition (pn) different from each other with regard to osmolarity. the organisms investigated were staphylococcus aureus (atcc (12600), bacillus subtilis (atcc 6051), pseudomonas aeruginosa (atcc 9027), enterobacter cloacae (atcc 13047) y candida albicans (lsh 3156 d). it was observed no direct relation between microbial growth and osmolarity in pn. c. albicans showed the best growth in all the formulations te ... | 1990 | 2127724 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial activities of e1040, a new cephalosporin with potent antipseudomonal activity. | e1040 is a new parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum and potent activity against gram-negative bacteria including pseudomonas aeruginosa. the in-vitro activities of e1040 against clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, ent. aerogenes, providencia rettgeri, and morganella morganii were superior to those of ceftazidime, cefoperazone, cefmenoxime, and cefuzonam. the activities of e1040 against gram-positive cocci were comparable with those of ceftazidime, but it was less a ... | 1990 | 2127928 |
| comparative study of pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities of cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin. | we compared the pharmacokinetics and the serum bactericidal activities of cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin. fifteen healthy volunteers received 1 g of cefpirome, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone intravenously, 500 mg of imipenem-cilastatin intravenously, and 500 mg of ciprofloxacin orally. high-performance liquid chromatographic assays were used to quantitate unchanged antibiotic in plasma and urine. serum bactericidal activities were determined against six clinical i ... | 1992 | 1444289 |
| [spondylodiscitis caused by enterobacter cloacae treated with cefixime]. | | 1990 | 2139954 |
| cefclidin (e1040), a novel cephalosporin: lack of selection of beta-lactamase overproducing mutants in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model system. | the bactericidal activity of cefclidin (e1040), a new cephalosporin, against a clinical strain of citrobacter freundii was compared with that of ceftazidime in a two-compartment in vitro pharmacokinetic model system designed to simulate plasma concentrations in humans for 12 hours after intravenous administration of a 1 g dose. both cefclidin and ceftazidime showed rapid bactericidal activity against c. freundii. however, during the simulation of ceftazidime treatment, regrowth was observed afte ... | 1992 | 1399855 |
| sheen formation and growth response of groundwater bacteria to reduced oxygen concentrations during incubation of m-endo medium. | in vitro pure-culture studies were conducted to assess growth and sheen formation of groundwater bacteria on m-endo medium incubated under reduced oxygen concentrations (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16%). coliform and noncoliform bacteria were isolated from 17 untreated, rural groundwater supplies on m-endo medium. all 16 coliform isolates tested were capable of sheen formation at oxygen concentrations of 4% or greater, yet some of these same isolates (enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, and hafni ... | 1992 | 1393829 |
| coupled reductive and oxidative degradation of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol by a co-immobilized mixed culture system. | the restriction of oxygen transfer in ca-alginate beads used for the immobilization of microbial cells was applied to a coupled reductive and oxidative microbial degradation of the xenobiotic 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (cnp). the conversion of cnp by enterobacter cloacae under anaerobic conditions led to the formation of 4-chloro-2-aminophenol (cap, 81%) and 4-chloro-2-acetaminophenol (caap, 16%) after 50 h incubation. cap, the main reduction product, was further degraded under aerobic conditions by ... | 1990 | 1366971 |
| interactions of tazobactam and clavulanate with inducibly- and constitutively-expressed class i beta-lactamases. | clavulanate and tazobactam (ytr 830) were tested as inhibitors and inducers of the ampc-type class i beta-lactamases of pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii and the ic beta-lactamase of proteus vulgaris. both clavulanate and tazobactam inhibited the pr. vulgaris class ic beta-lactamase and potentiated ticarcillin and piperacillin against beta-lactamase derepressed variants of this species. tazobactam, but not clavulanate, al ... | 1990 | 2158496 |
| molecular analysis provides evidence for the endogenous origin of bacteremia and meningitis due to enterobacter cloacae in an infant. | we analyzed the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of total dna and of ribosomal dna regions (ribotyping) to document the occurrence of endogenous, systemic bacteremia and meningitis due to enterobacter cloacae in a newborn. five strains of e. cloacae were isolated from this newborn. three of these strains were recovered from stool at counts of 10(8), 10(9), and 10(9) organisms/g of feces, respectively; one strain was isolated from blood; and one strain was isolated from cerebrospin ... | 1992 | 1352150 |
| effects of azadirachtin on rhodnius prolixus: immunity and trypanosoma interaction. | the effects of azadirachtin, a tetranortriterpenoid from the neem tree azadirachta indica j., on both immunity and trypanosoma cruzi interaction within rhodnius prolixus and other triatomines, were presented. given through a blood meal, azadirachtin affected the immune reactivity as shown by a significant reduction in numbers of hemocytes and consequently nodule formation following challenge with enterobacter cloacae beta 12, reduction in ability to produce antibacterial activities in the hemoly ... | 1992 | 1342719 |
| antibacterial activity of piperacillin and tazobactam against beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates. | the effectiveness of a combination of the recently developed penam sulphone tazobactam with piperacillin was studied in clinical isolates with defined beta-lactamase production. the combination was highly effective against piperacillin-resistant beta-lactamase-producing staphylococcus aureus, tem-1-producing escherichia coli and proteus vulgaris isolates. it was less effective against e. coli isolates producing the oxa-1 enzyme and marginally active against tem-1-producing klebsiella spp. isolat ... | 1990 | 2170081 |
| association of bacteria with the fungal fermentation of soybean tempe. | bacteria grew to viable populations of 10(8)-10(9) cfu/g during the fermentation of soybeans into tempe with the fungus, rhizopus oligosporus. bacillus pumilus and b. brevis were the predominant bacterial species, reaching populations of approximately 10(8) cfu/g during the 48 h fermentation. species of streptococcus faecium, lactobacillus casei, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae also contributed to the fermentation and achieved populations of 10(6)-10(7) cfu/g. | 1990 | 2179196 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the ecal dna methyltransferase. | the gene coding for the ggtnacc specific ecal dna methyltransferase (m.ecal) has been cloned in e. coli from enterobacter cloacae and its nucleotide sequence has been determined. the ecalm gene codes for a protein of 452 amino acids (mr: 51,111). it was determined that m.ecal is an adenine methyltransferase. m.ecal shows limited amino acid sequence similarity to other adenine methyltransferases. a clone that expresses ecal methyltransferase at high level was constructed. | 1990 | 2183182 |
| diffusion of beta-lactam antibiotics into proteoliposomes reconstituted with outer membranes of isogenic imipenem-susceptible and -resistant strains of enterobacter cloacae. | the influence of outer membrane (om) permeability on carbapenem susceptibility was studied in strains of enterobacter cloacae, a species in which carbapenem resistance depends upon the conjunction of overproduction of the chromosomal cephalosporinase and reduction of om permeability. relative trans-om diffusion rates were measured using the liposome swelling assay. proteoliposomes were reconstituted with om from the members of an isogenic set of e. cloacae strains, selected in vivo or in vitro, ... | 1992 | 1336033 |
| multicenter in vitro comparison of piperacillin and nine other antibacterials against 1,629 clinical isolates. | the antibacterial spectrum of activity of piperacillin was compared with that of other antibiotics against isolates of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas cepacia, pseudomonas maltophilia, serratia marcescens, enterococcus sp, bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides bivius, and clostridium difficile obtained from laboratories at hospitals in st. louis, in memphis, and in newark, new jersey. of the 1,629 isolates tes ... | 1990 | 2183941 |
| therapeutic effects of cefpirome, a new cephalosporin, on various models of infections in mice and rats. | cefpirome (hr 810) is a new cephalosporin with a 2,3-cyclopentenopyridine group in the 3-position side chain. it was compared with other cephem antibiotics in protective and therapeutic effects on various experimental infections, systemic and local, in mice and rats. hr 810 had more potent protective effect than ceftazidime (caz), cefoperazone (cpz), and cefotaxime (ctx) on systemic infections induced by escherichia coli ec-31, staphylococcus aureus smith, and serratia marcescens sm-6 in mice. a ... | 1990 | 2190011 |