| antibacterial activity of bms-180680, a new catechol-containing monobactam. | the in vitro activities of a new catechol-containing monobactam, bms-180680 (sq 84,100), were compared to those of aztreonam, ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. bms-180680 was often the most active compound against many species of the family enterobacteriaceae, with mics at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (mic90s) of < or = 0.5 microg/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter diversus, enterobacter aero ... | 1997 | 9145861 |
| inducible expression of the chromosomal cdia from citrobacter diversus nf85, encoding an ambler class a beta-lactamase, is under similar genetic control to the chromosomal ampc, encoding an ambler class c enzyme, from citrobacter freundii os60. | this study aimed to characterize the molecular basis of beta-lactamase induction in citrobacter diversus. the chromosomal beta-lactamase encoding region from c. diversus, strain nf85, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the cloned region was sequenced and open-reading frames encoding a class a beta-lactamase, designated cdia, and a putative lysr-type transcriptional regulator protein, divergently transcribed from the beta-lactamase gene and designated cdir, were identified. the nucleot ... | 1995 | 9158798 |
| infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria. | to identify the characteristics and outcomes of infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria. | 1997 | 9222227 |
| citrobacter koseri osteomyelitis in an infant. | a 3-week-old infant developed left shoulder swelling and was found to have septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the humerus caused by citrobacter koseri (formerly c. diversus). citrobacter species are gram-negative rods that are best known for their propensity to cause neonatal meningitis, ventriculitis and concomitant brain abscess. non-central nervous system infections are rare. the present case illustrates that neonatal osteomyelitis caused by unusual organisms can present to pediatricians i ... | 1997 | 9241910 |
| molecular epidemiology of an outbreak due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria in a french hospital. | between june 1992 and june 1993, 128 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (123 klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 escherichia coli, 1 enterobacter aerogenes, and 1 citrobacter diversus) were collected in a french university hospital. these isolates were recovered mainly from patients hospitalized in intensive care and neurosurgery units. the 128 strains were divided into 14 antibiotypes (atbs; atb1 to atb14); 102 of 103 nonredundant isolates were shown to produce an shv-4-related exte ... | 1997 | 9272388 |
| characterization and amino acid sequence analysis of a new oxyimino cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase from serratia fonticola cuv. | serratia fonticola cuv produces two isoenzymes (forms i and ii) with beta-lactamase activity which were purified by a five-step procedure. the isoenzymes had identical kinetic parameters and isoelectric point (pi = 8.12). they were characterized by a specific activity towards benzylpenicillin of 1650 u/mg. the beta-lactamase hydrolyzed benzylpenicillin, amoxycillin, ureidopenicillins, first- and second-generation cephalosporins. carboxypenicillins and isoxazolylpenicillins were hydrolyzed to a l ... | 1997 | 9300809 |
| molecular epidemiology of a nosocomial outbreak due to shv-4-producing strains of citrobacter diversus. | over a 6-month period, eight strains of citrobacter diversus (citrobacter koseri) resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams were isolated from seven colonized and/or infected patients from the same intensive care unit. all strains harbored a single large conjugative plasmid which mediated an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase of the shv-4 type (ceftazidimase phenotype; enzyme pi, 7.8; plasmid dna hybridization with a blashv-specific probe). all strains were characterized by ant ... | 1997 | 9316908 |
| neonatal meningitis and multiple brain abscesses due to citrobacter diversus. | we report a fatal sporadic case of neonatal citrobacter diversus meningitis with rapid clinical progression. at autopsy, multiple brain abscesses and abscesses in the spinal cord had complicated purulent meningitis. septic omphalitis was identified as the most likely portal of entry. | 1997 | 9353837 |
| characterization of blatem-3 and blashv-4 beta-lactamase-encoding genes in citrobacter diversus. | | 1997 | 9371377 |
| repetitive sequence-based pcr versus pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing of enterococcus faecalis at the subspecies level. | repetitive sequence-based pcr was compared to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) for the ability to discriminate enterococcus faecalis isolates at the subspecies level. the boxa2r primer, derived from repetitive sequences in streptococcus pneumoniae, was applied to 41 isolates of e. faecalis collected from various sources. the rep1r-dt and rep2-dt primers, derived from the gram-negative repetitive extragenic palindromic element, were also applied to 18 selected isolates. of the 41 isolates ... | 1998 | 9431949 |
| species-specific and ubiquitous-dna-based assays for rapid identification of staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is the cause of serious infections in humans, including endocarditis, deep-seated abscesses, and bacteremia, which lead to toxic and septic shock syndromes. rapid and direct identification of this bacterium specifically and ubiquitously directly from clinical specimens would be useful in improving the diagnosis of s. aureus infections in the clinical microbiology laboratory. a wide variety of kits based on biochemical characteristics efficiently identify s. aureus, but the ... | 1998 | 9508283 |
| radiological case of the month. neonatal brain abscess caused by citrobacter diversus. | | 1998 | 9529471 |
| cellulitis caused by citrobacter diversus in a patient with multiple myeloma. | the most common cause of cellulitis is streptococci. coagulase-negative staphylococci and gram-negative bacteria, such as serratia spp., proteus spp., and other enterobacteriaceae may produce cellulitis in the immunocompromised patient. we report a case of citrobacter diversus-induced cellulitis, resembling streptococcal infection, in a patient with multiple myeloma. | 1998 | 9538959 |
| cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolates from a hospital in warsaw, poland: identification of a new ctx-m-3 cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase that is closely related to the ctx-m-1/men-1 enzyme. | a group of cefotaxime-resistant citrobacter freundii and escherichia coli isolates were collected by a clinical laboratory in a hospital in warsaw, poland, in july 1996. detailed analysis has shown that all of these produced a beta-lactamase (pi, 8.4) belonging to the ctx-m family, one of the minor extended-spectrum beta-lactamase families with a strong cefotaxime-hydrolyzing activity. sequencing has revealed that c. freundii isolates produced a new ctx-m-3 enzyme which is very closely related t ... | 1998 | 9559791 |
| isolation of a nonpathogenic strain of citrobacter sedlakii which expresses escherichia coli o157 antigen. | a nonpathogenic strain of citrobacter sedlakii which expresses the escherichia coli o157 antigen is described. the discovery of this strain emphasizes the necessity of additional biochemical and/or toxigenicity testing when isolates react with e. coli o157 latex reagents. | 1998 | 9574715 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding toho-2, a class a beta-lactamase preferentially inhibited by tazobactam. | escherichia coli tum1083, which is resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, piperacillin, cefuzonam, and aztreonam while being sensitive to cefoxitin, moxalactam, cefmetazole, ceftazidime, and imipenem, was isolated from the urine of a patient treated with beta-lactam antibiotics. the beta-lactamase (toho-2) purified from the bacteria hydrolyzed beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin g, carbenicillin, cephaloridine, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and aztreonam ... | 1998 | 9593147 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of msi-78, a magainin analog. | msi-78 is a cationic peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is being developed as a topical agent. we compared the in vitro activity of msi-78 with those of ofloxacin and other antibiotics against fresh clinical isolates. based on mic distribution statistics, strains for which the msi-78 mic was < or = 64 micro/ml were assumed to be susceptible for purposes of this report. of 411 aerobic isolates tested, 91% were susceptible to msi-78, compared to 91% for ofloxacin and 92% for ci ... | 1998 | 9593152 |
| sequence of the gene encoding a plasmid-mediated cefotaxime-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase (ctx-m-4): involvement of serine 237 in cephalosporin hydrolysis. | the sequence of the gene encoding a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (ctx-m-4) was determined. it was located in a plasmid harbored by a salmonella typhimurium strain. ctx-m-4 was similar to the plasmidic cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases ctx-m-2 and toho-1 and related to the chromosomal beta-lactamase of klebsiella oxytoca. a ser-237-->ala substitution, introduced by site-directed mutagenesis, caused minor alterations in the interaction of ctx-m-4 with beta-lactams, reducing sli ... | 1998 | 9593162 |
| cytochalasin-induced actin disruption of polarized enterocytes can augment internalization of bacteria. | cytochalasin-induced actin disruption has often been associated with decreased bacterial internalization by cultured epithelial cells, although polarized enterocytes have not been systematically studied. in assays using confluent polarized ht-29 enterocytes, cytochalasin d appeared to increase internalization of wild-type salmonella typhimurium, proteus mirabilis, and escherichia coli. hela and hep-2 epithelial cells, as well as ht-29 and caco-2 enterocytes, were used to clarify this unexpected ... | 1998 | 9596696 |
| comparison of in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms with quinolones and beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against 721 gram-negative and 498 gram-positive organisms was determined by the standard microdilution broth method using commercially prepared frozen microtiter plates. the activity of trovafloxacin was compared to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam (1:1), piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, and imipenem. trovafloxacin had equal or greater activity compared with the other agents tested against citrobacter diversus, en ... | 1998 | 9597391 |
| suitability of repetitive-dna-sequence-based pcr fingerprinting for characterizing epidemic isolates of salmonella enterica serovar saintpaul. | three molecular typing methods, repetitive-sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr) fingerprinting, plasmid profiling, and arbitrarily primed pcr fingerprinting, were used to characterize isolates of salmonella enterica serovar saintpaul. most of the isolates were obtained from epidemic human cases of food-borne salmonellosis, together with some from the food material suspected to be the source of infection, and a few were obtained from other cases apparently not related to the epidemic. all three methods a ... | 1998 | 9620375 |
| characterization of the 6'-n-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene aac(6')-iq from the integron of a natural multiresistance plasmid. | the nucleotide sequence of a newly identified amikacin resistance gene, aac(6')-iq (551 bp), is reported. it has 68.4 and 94.4% homology with the aac(6')-ia gene and the recently described aac(6')-ip gene, respectively. analysis of its flanking sequences indicated that it is in the first cassette of a class i integron and has an attc site (59-base element) 108 bp in length. | 1998 | 9624504 |
| mutants of citrobacter freundii that transport and utilize melibiose. | we have isolated mutants of citrobacter freundii that can grow on melibiose. inducible alpha-galactosidase activity and melibiose transport activity were detected in the mutant cells but not in the wild-type cells. we detected a dna region which hybridized with melb (the gene for the melibiose transporter) dna of escherichia coli in the chromosomal dna of wild-type c. freundii. protons, but not sodium ions, were found to be the coupling cations for melibiose (and methyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside) t ... | 1998 | 9642207 |
| evaluation of the vitek 2 system for rapid identification of medically relevant gram-negative rods. | the new vitek 2 system (biomérieux) was evaluated at two independent sites with the identification card for gram-negative bacilli (id-gnb card). of the 845 strains tested, which represented 70 different taxa belonging to either the family enterobacteriaceae or the nonenteric bacilli, 716 (84.7%) were correctly identified at the species level. thirty-two (3.8%) additional strains were identified to the species level after the performance of simple, rapid manual tests (oxidase, hemolysis, indole r ... | 1998 | 9650942 |
| comparison of phenotypic and genotypic techniques for identification of unusual aerobic pathogenic gram-negative bacilli. | rapid and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens is a fundamental goal of clinical microbiology, but one that is difficult or impossible for many slow-growing and fastidious organisms. we used identification systems based on cellular fatty acid profiles (sherlock; midi, inc., newark, del.), carbon source utilization (microlog; biolog, inc., hayward, calif.), and 16s rrna gene sequence (microseq; perkin-elmer applied biosystems division, foster city, calif.) to evaluate 72 unusual aerobic ... | 1998 | 9817894 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei by latex agglutination based on an exopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | we recently identified a constitutively expressed exopolysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei which is composed of a unique linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit consisting of three galactose residues and one 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid residue. in this study we developed a latex agglutination test based on monoclonal antibody 3015, which is specific for this exopolysaccharide, and evaluated this test for rapid identification of b. pseudomallei grown on agar plates. all 74 environmenta ... | 1999 | 9854098 |
| comparative activities of novel beta-lactamase inhibitors, 6-exomethylene penamsulfones (ch1240, ch2140) in experimental mouse infection model. | the antibacterial activity of novel beta-lactamase inhibitors, 6-exomethylene penamsulfones (ch1240, ch2140), has been compared in vivo with that of sulbactam and clavulanic acid against beta-lactamase producing strains. in vivo microbiological assessment was used as experimental mouse infection model by gram negative strains. against pseudomonas aeruginosa f0013, cefoperazone/ch1240 was slightly less active than sulbactam. ampicillin/ch1240 was more active than sulbactam against citrobacter div ... | 1998 | 9875489 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is more efficient than ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic dna analysis in discrimination of pasteurella haemolytica strains. | one hundred thirty-three strains of pasteurella haemolytica of both biotypes (90 and 43 strains of biotypes a and t, respectively) and almost all the serotypes were subjected to ribotyping, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis for epidemiological purposes. a total of 15 patterns recorded as ribotypes ha to ho were found for the p. haemolytica biotype a strains, with ribotypes ha, hc, and hd being encountered most often (66 strains ... | 1999 | 9889223 |
| characterization of sfo-1, a plasmid-mediated inducible class a beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae. | enterobacter cloacae 8009 produced an inducible class a beta-lactamase which hydrolyzed cefotaxime efficiently. it also hydrolyzed other beta-lactams except cephamycins and carbapenems. the activity was inhibited by clavulanic acid and imipenem. the bla gene was transferable to escherichia coli by electroporation of plasmid dna. the molecular mass of the beta-lactamase was 29 kda and its pi was 7.3. all of these phenotypic characteristics of the enzyme except for inducible production resemble th ... | 1999 | 9925524 |
| analysis of the type 1 pilin gene cluster fim in salmonella: its distinct evolutionary histories in the 5' and 3' regions. | the type 1 pilin encoded by fim is present in both escherichia coli and salmonella natural isolates, but several lines of evidence indicate that similarities at the fim locus may be an example of independent acquisition rather than common ancestry. for example, the fim gene cluster is found at different chromosomal locations and with distinct gene orders in these closely related species. in this work we examined the fim gene cluster of salmonella, the genes of which show high nucleotide sequence ... | 1999 | 9973358 |
| abc medium, a new chromogenic agar for selective isolation of salmonella spp. | we describe a new chromogenic agar medium, abc medium (alphabeta-chromogenic medium), which includes two substrates, 3, 4-cyclohexenoesculetin-beta-d-galactoside and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-alpha-d-galactopyranoside, to facilitate the selective isolation of salmonella spp. this medium exploits the fact that salmonella spp. may be distinguished from other members of the family enterobacteriaceae by the presence of alpha-galactosidase activity in the absence of beta-galactosidase activity. a to ... | 1999 | 9986848 |
| in vitro activities of aminomethyl-substituted analogs of novel tetrahydrofuranyl carbapenems. | cl 188,624, cl 190,294, and cl 191,121 are novel aminomethyl tetrahydrofuranyl (thf)-1 beta-methylcarbapenems. the in vitro antibacterial activities of these thf carbapenems were evaluated and compared with those of biapenem, imipenem, and meropenem against 554 recent clinical isolates obtained from geographically distinct medical centers across north america. the antibacterial activities of the thf carbapenems were equivalent to that of biapenem, and the thf carbapenems were slightly more activ ... | 1999 | 10049250 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of veb-1, a novel class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase encoded by an escherichia coli integron gene. | a clinical isolate, escherichia coli mg-1, isolated from a 4-month-old vietnamese orphan child, produced a beta-lactamase conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. in a disk diffusion test, a typical synergistic effect between ceftazidime or aztreonam and clavulanic acid was observed along with an unusual synergy between cefoxitin and cefuroxime. the gene for veb-1 (vietnamese extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) was cloned and expressed in e. coli jm109. the recombin ... | 1999 | 10049269 |
| the role of citrobacter in clinical disease of children: review. | various species of citrobacter may cause infections in neonates and immunocompromised hosts. citrobacter koseri (formerly citrobacter diversus) is best known as the cause of sepsis and meningitis leading to central nervous system (cns) abscesses in neonates and young infants. early onset and late-onset infections occur as for other neonatal bacterial infections. the majority of cases are sporadic, with no clear source of infection. a few have been confirmed to be vertically transmitted, and noso ... | 1999 | 10064257 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a novel glycylcycline, the 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (gar-936). | the 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (tbg-mino) is a recently synthesized member of a novel group of antibiotics, the glycylcyclines. this new derivative, like the first glycylcyclines, the n,n-dimethylglycylamido derivative of minocycline and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline, possesses activity against bacterial isolates containing the two major determinants responsible for tetracycline resistance: ribosomal protection and active efflux. the in vitro activities of tbg-mino and the c ... | 1999 | 10103174 |
| in vitro antibacterial properties of pexiganan, an analog of magainin. | pexiganan, a 22-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide, is an analog of the magainin peptides isolated from the skin of the african clawed frog. pexiganan exhibited in vitro broad-spectrum antibacterial activity when it was tested against 3,109 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative, anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. the pexiganan mic at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (mic90) was 32 micrograms/ml or less for staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., enterococcus faecium, corynebacteriu ... | 1999 | 10103181 |
| the effects of plant phenolics, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid on arylamine n-acetyltransferase activities in human gastrointestinal microflora. | the possible effects of naturally occurring plant phenolics, caffeic acid (ca), chlorogenic acid (cga) and ferulic acid (fa) on arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat) activities on human gastrointestinal microflora, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter koseri and pseudomonas aeruginosa, were examined. the bacterial nat activities were determined by hplc measuring the acetylation of 2-aminofluorene (2-af). among all examined bacteria, p. aeruginosa exerted the ... | 1999 | 10226534 |
| most enterobacter aerogenes strains in france belong to a prevalent clone. | the aim of this study was to determine the distribution in france of the enterobacter aerogenes prevalent clone isolated in the hospitals of the marseille area (a. davin-regli, d. monnet, p. saux, c. bosi, r. charrel, a. barthelemy, and c. bollet, j. clin. microbiol. 34:1474-1480, 1996). a total of 123 e. aerogenes isolates were collected from 23 hospital laboratories and analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic dna and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr to determine thei ... | 1999 | 10364580 |
| susceptibility to levofloxacin of clinical isolates of bacteria from intensive care and haematology/oncology patients in switzerland: a multicentre study. | the objective of this study was to examine the susceptibility of clinical isolates to levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone with extended activity against gram-positive bacteria, and other antibiotics in 12 swiss clinical microbiology laboratories using the nccls disc diffusion technique. isolates were prospectively collected from intensive care units (icus (59%), oncology wards (7%) and other units with haematology/oncology patients (34%) from june 1995 to march 1996. the levofloxacin breakpoints use ... | 1999 | 10404338 |
| biochemical identification of citrobacter species defined by dna hybridization and description of citrobacter gillenii sp. nov. (formerly citrobacter genomospecies 10) and citrobacter murliniae sp. nov. (formerly citrobacter genomospecies 11). | recent work describing six named species and two unnamed genomospecies within citrobacter has enlarged the genus to 11 species. dna relatedness and phenotypic tests were used to determine how well these species can be identified. one hundred thirty-six strains were identified to species level by dna relatedness and then identified phenotypically in a blinded fashion. by using conventional tests, 119 of the 136 strains (88%) were correctly identified to species level. three additional strains (2% ... | 1999 | 10405411 |
| citrobacter freundii invades and replicates in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. | neonatal bacterial meningitis remains a disease with unacceptable rates of morbidity and mortality despite the availability of effective antimicrobial therapy. citrobacter spp. cause neonatal meningitis but are unique in their frequent association with brain abscess formation. the pathogenesis of citrobacter spp. causing meningitis and brain abscess is not well characterized; however, as with other meningitis-causing bacteria (e.g., escherichia coli k1 and group b streptococci), penetration of t ... | 1999 | 10417193 |
| comparison and recovery of escherichia coli and thermotolerant coliforms in water with a chromogenic medium incubated at 41 and 44.5 degrees c. | this study compared the performance of a commercial chromogenic medium, chromagarecc (cecc), and cecc supplemented with sodium pyruvate (ceccp) with the membrane filtration lauryl sulfate-based medium (mlsa) for enumeration of escherichia coli and non-e. coli thermotolerant coliforms (kec). to establish that we could recover the maximum kec and e. coli population, we compared two incubation temperature regimens, 41 and 44.5 degrees c. statistical analysis by the fisher test of data did not demon ... | 1999 | 10427079 |
| molecular characterization of the genera proteus, morganella, and providencia by ribotyping. | the so-called proteus-providencia group is constituted at present by three genera and 10 species. several of the recognized species are common opportunistic pathogens for humans and animals. different methods based on the study of phenotypic characters have been used in the past with variable levels of efficiency for typing some species for epidemiological purposes. we have determined the rrna gene restriction patterns (ribotypes) for the type strains of the 10 different species of the genera pr ... | 1999 | 10449462 |
| cloning of a chryseobacterium (flavobacterium) meningosepticum chromosomal gene (blaa(cme)) encoding an extended-spectrum class a beta-lactamase related to the bacteroides cephalosporinases and the veb-1 and per beta-lactamases. | in addition to the blab metallo-beta-lactamase, chryseobacterium (flavobacterium) meningosepticum ccug 4310 (nctc 10585) constitutively produces a 31-kda active-site serine beta-lactamase, named cme-1, with an alkaline isoelectric ph. the blaa(cme) gene that encodes the latter enzyme was isolated from a genomic library constructed in the escherichia coli plasmid vector pacyc184 by screening for cefuroxime-resistant clones. sequence analysis revealed that the cme-1 enzyme is a new class a beta-la ... | 1999 | 10471563 |
| semiquantitative species-specific detection of bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana by pcr-enzyme immunoassay. | bartonella henselae is the main causative agent of cat-scratch disease, and both b. henselae and bartonella quintana cause angioproliferative disorders such as bacillary angiomatosis. to increase the sensitivity of bartonella detection by pcr and to improve the species differentiation, we developed a semiquantitative, species-specific pcr-based enzyme immunoassay (eia). the 16s rrna gene was selected as the target sequence. internal nucleotide sequences derived from the amplified 16s rrna region ... | 1999 | 10488160 |
| development of a pcr assay for rapid detection of enterococci. | enterococci are becoming major nosocomial pathogens, and increasing resistance to vancomycin has been well documented. conventional identification methods, which are based on culturing, require 2 to 3 days to provide results. pcr has provided a means for the culture-independent detection of enterococci in a variety of clinical specimens and is capable of yielding results in just a few hours. however, all pcr-based assays developed so far are species specific only for clinically important enteroc ... | 1999 | 10523541 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures by a monoclonal antibody assay. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. in northeast thailand, this gram-negative bacterium is a major cause of mortality from septicemia. the definitive diagnosis of this disease is made by bacterial culture. in this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific to the 30-kda protein of b. pseudomallei by in vivo and in vitro immunization of balb/c mice with a crude culture filtrate antigen. the mab could directly agglutinate with all 243 clinical isolates of ... | 1999 | 10523570 |
| citrobacter urinary tract infections in children. | citrobacter species have been described as the etiologic agents in cases of bacteremia, meningitis, diarrhea and brain abscess, but little is known of their role as a cause of urinary tract infections in children. the purpose of this study was to define the role of citrobacter species in pediatric urinary tract infections. | 1999 | 10530585 |
| resolution of high-molecular-weight components in lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli, morganella morganii, citrobacter freundii and citrobacter diversus strains with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. | the use of 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate in polyacrylamide separation gels allowed the resolution in several bands of high-molecular-mass components in smooth lipopolysaccharide of bacterial outer membrane from escherichia coli, morganella morganii, citrobacter freundii and citrobacter diversus. with or without 0.1% sds, however, such a result was not possible. | 2000 | 10576704 |
| recovery of candida dubliniensis from non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in israel. | candida dubliniensis is a recently discovered yeast species principally associated with carriage and disease in the oral cavities of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals. to date the majority of isolates of this species have been identified in europe and north america. in this study, five candida isolates recovered from separate hiv-negative hospitalized patients in jerusalem, israel, were presumptively identified as c. dubliniensis on the basis of their dark green coloration ... | 2000 | 10618082 |
| predictive value of urinary cultures in assessment of microbial colonization of ureteral stents. | bacterial colonization of indwelling ureteral stents may serve as a nidus for bacteriuria in operations where stents are manipulated. the predictive value of urine cultures in the assessment of stent colonization was examined in 65 patients with indwelling ureteral stents. | 1999 | 10646680 |
| detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter aerogenes. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in a consecutive collection of clinical isolates of enterobacter spp. the abilities of various screening methods to detect esbls in enterobacters were simultaneously tested. among the 68 consecutive isolates (56 enterobacter cloacae and 12 enterobacter aerogenes isolates) that were analyzed for beta-lactamase content, 21 (25 and 58%, respectively) possessed transferable esbls with pis of 8. ... | 2000 | 10655342 |
| problems related to determination of mics of oximino-type expanded-spectrum cephems for proteus vulgaris. | during in vitro susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of proteus vulgaris, we noted that the mics of several expanded-spectrum cephems were much higher in the broth microdilution method than in the agar dilution method (termed the mic gap phenomenon). here we investigated the mechanism of the mic gap phenomenon. cephems with the mic gap phenomenon were of the oximino type, such as cefotaxime, cefteram, and cefpodoxime, which serve as good substrates for inducible class a beta-lactamase (cu ... | 2000 | 10655366 |
| the yersinia high-pathogenicity island is present in different members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | a pathogenicity island termed high-pathogenicity island (hpi) is present in pathogenic yersinia. this 35 to 45 kb island carries genes involved in synthesis, regulation and transport of the siderophore yersiniabactin. recently, the hpi was also detected in various strains of escherichia coli. in this study, the distribution of the hpi in the family enterobacteriaceae was investigated. among the 67 isolates pertaining to 18 genera and 52 species tested, nine (13.4%) harbored the island. these iso ... | 2000 | 10675599 |
| in vitro activities of novel trans-3,5-disubstituted pyrrolidinylthio-1beta-methylcarbapenems with potent activities against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the in vitro activities of the novel 1beta-methylcarbapenems j-111, 225, j-114,870, and j-114,871, which have a structurally unique side chain that consists of a trans-3,5-disubstituted 5-arylpyrrolidin-3-ylthio moiety at the c-2 position, were compared with those of reference antibiotics. among isolates of both methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (mrcons), 90% were inhibited by j-111,347 (prototype), j-111,225, j-114,870, ... | 2000 | 10681308 |
| biochemical sequence analyses of ges-1, a novel class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and the class 1 integron in52 from klebsiella pneumoniae. | klebsiella pneumoniae ori-1 was isolated in 1998 in france from a rectal swab of a 1-month-old girl who was previously hospitalized in cayenne hospital, cayenne, french guiana. this strain harbored a ca. 140-kb nontransferable plasmid, ptk1, that conferred an extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance profile antagonized by the addition of clavulanic acid, tazobactam, or imipenem. the gene for ges-1 (guiana extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) was cloned, and its protein was expressed in escherichi ... | 2000 | 10681329 |
| mixed infection in adult bacterial meningitis. | 12 adult patients suffering from bacterial meningitis caused by mixed infection were identified at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital over a period of 13 years (1986-1998), and they accounted for 6.5% (12/184) of our culture-proven adult bacterial meningitis. the 12 cases included seven males and five females, aged 17-74 years. six of the 12 cases had community-acquired infections and the other six had nosocomially-acquired infections. ten of the 12 cases had associated underlying diseases, ... | 2000 | 10697784 |
| imipenem resistance of enterobacter aerogenes mediated by outer membrane permeability. | multidrug-resistant enterobacter aerogenes strains are increasingly isolated in europe and especially in france. treatment leads to imipenem resistance, because of a lack of porin. we studied the evolution of resistance in 29 strains isolated from four patients during their clinical course. these strains belonged to the prevalent epidemiological type observed in france in previous studies (c. bosi, et al., j. clin. microbiol. 37:2165-2169, 1999; a. davin-regli et al., j. clin. microbiol. 34:1474 ... | 2000 | 10698994 |
| improved repetitive-element pcr fingerprinting of salmonella enterica with the use of extremely elevated annealing temperatures. | modified thermal cycling conditions were explored in an effort to improve the reproducibility and resolving power of repetitive-element pcr (rep-pcr) fingerprinting. assay performance was rigorously evaluated under standard and modified cycling conditions, using as a test set 12 strains putatively representing 12 serovars of salmonella enterica. for all three fingerprint types (eric2, boxa1r, and composite fingerprints), the use of extremely elevated annealing temperatures plus an initial "touch ... | 2000 | 10702502 |
| a canadian national surveillance study of urinary tract isolates from outpatients: comparison of the activities of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, mecillinam, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin. the canadian urinary isolate study group. | ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, mecillinam, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin mean resistance rates for 2,000 urinary tract isolates collected from outpatients across canada in 1998 were 41.1, 19.2, 14.7, 5.0, and 1.8%, respectively. for escherichia coli isolates alone (n = 1,681) comparable rates were 41. 0, 18.9, 7.4, 0.1, and 1.2%, respectively. the majority of e. coli isolates resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or ciprofloxacin were susceptible (mic, <16 micro ... | 2000 | 10722520 |
| comparable endotoxic properties of lipopolysaccharides are manifest in diverse clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. | in general there is a poor correlation between serum lipopolysaccharide (lps; the biologically active constituent of endotoxin) levels and mortality in septic patients. the objective of this study was to determine if chemical, structural, or biological differences among lps from different clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria might explain this discrepancy. lps preparations were made using the hot phenol-water extraction method from eight clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. as a p ... | 2000 | 10722580 |
| citrobacter diversus urosepsis and cerebral abscess in a child with antenatal hydronephrosis. | one percent of all pregnancies are found to have an antenatal abnormality; of these, 20% involve the genitourinary system. today, controversy still exists regarding the postnatal management of some antenatal abnormalities detected by ultrasound. we present a case in which antenatal hydronephrosis initially detected by ultrasound appeared to resolve in utero. postnatally, the child developed citrobacter diversus urosepsis, meningitis, and cerebral abscess. voiding cystourethrogram obtained after ... | 1999 | 10754158 |
| [community-acquired bacteremic pneumonia due to citrobacter diversus]. | | 2000 | 10804650 |
| a between-species comparison of antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteria in fecal flora. | enterobacteria in fecal flora are often reported to be highly resistant. escherichia coli is the main species; resistance data on other species are rare. to assess the effect of the host's environment, antimicrobial resistance was determined in fecal species of the family enterobacteriaceae from three populations: healthy people (hp)(n = 125) with no exposure to antimicrobials for 3 months preceding sampling, university hospital patients (up) (n = 159) from wards where the antibiotic use was 112 ... | 2000 | 10817696 |
| a novel ctx-m beta-lactamase (ctx-m-8) in cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated in brazil. | to estimate the diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in brazil, 18 strains from different species of the family enterobacteriaceae exhibiting a positive double-disk synergy test were collected by a clinical laboratory from several hospitals in rio de janeiro, brazil, in 1996 and 1997. four strains (proteus mirabilis, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, and citrobacter amalonaticus) hybridized with a 550-bp ctx-m probe. the p. mirabilis strain produced a ctx-m-2 enzyme. the e. ... | 2000 | 10858358 |
| cloning and sequence of the gene encoding a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (ctx-m-9) from escherichia coli in spain. | a new ctx-m-type beta-lactamase (ctx-m-9) has been cloned from a clinical cefotaxime-resistant escherichia coli strain. despite the close identity that exists between the ctx-m-9 and toho-2 beta-lactamases (88%), the 35 amino acids located between residues ala-185 and ala-219 are totally different in both enzymes. outside of this region there are only six amino acids substitutions between both proteins. | 2000 | 10858363 |
| a cycle: recurrent gram-negative folliculitis with citrobacter diversus (koseri) following eradication of recurrent staphylococcal pyoderma. | | 2000 | 10871958 |
| rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni in stool specimens by an enzyme immunoassay and surveillance for campylobacter upsaliensis in the greater salt lake city area. | the alexon-trend, inc. (ramsey, minn.), prospect campylobacter microplate assay was compared with culture on a campy-cva plate (remel, lenexa, kans.) and blood-free campylobacter agar with cefoperazone (20 microg/ml), amphotericin b (10 microg/ml), and teicoplanin (4 microg/ml) (cat medium; oxoid limited, hampshire, england) with 631 patient stool samples. the cat medium was used to isolate campylobacter upsaliensis. the enzyme immunoassay (eia) had a sensitivity and a specificity of 89 and 99%, ... | 2000 | 10921981 |
| enhancement of neonatal innate defense: effects of adding an n-terminal recombinant fragment of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein on growth and tumor necrosis factor-inducing activity of gram-negative bacteria tested in neonatal cord blood ex vivo. | innate defense against microbial infection requires the action of neutrophils, which have cytoplasmic granules replete with antibiotic proteins and peptides. bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) is found in the primary granules of adult neutrophils, has a high affinity for lipopolysaccharides (or "endotoxins"), and exerts selective cytotoxic, antiendotoxic, and opsonic activity against gram-negative bacteria. we have previously reported that neutrophils derived from newborn cord bl ... | 2000 | 10948134 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of enterobacteria in intensive care units]. | antibiotic therapy of intensive care patients is usually undocumented. the treatment is chosen according to epidemiologic and susceptibility data from microbiological laboratories. the aim of our study is to determine antibiotic susceptibility of enterobacteria isolated from intensive care patients during a five-month multicenter study in 18 french hospitals. numerous (n = 1,113) strains were studied: 447 enterobacteria isolated from urine (n = 229), blood cultures (n = 106), respiratory tract s ... | 2000 | 10949846 |
| ibc-1, a novel integron-associated class a beta-lactamase with extended-spectrum properties produced by an enterobacter cloacae clinical strain. | a transferable beta-lactamase produced by a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae was studied. the bla gene was carried by a large (>80-kb) transmissible plasmid. nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned fragments revealed that it was part of a gene cassette carried by a class 1 integron along with other resistance genes, including aac(6')-ib. the encoded beta-lactamase, designated ibc-1, was a novel class a enzyme that hydrolyzed ceftazidime and cefotaxime and was inhibited ... | 2000 | 10952563 |
| tem-72, a new extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detected in proteus mirabilis and morganella morganii in italy. | a new natural tem-2 derivative, named tem-72, was identified in a proteus mirabilis strain and in a morganella morganii strain isolated in italy in 1999. compared to tem-1, tem-72 contains the following amino acid substitutions: q39k, m182t, g238s, and e240k. kinetic analysis showed that tem-72 exhibits an extended-spectrum activity, including activity against oxyimino-cephalosporins and aztreonam. expression of bla(tem-72) in escherichia coli was capable of decreasing the host susceptibility to ... | 2000 | 10952610 |
| csf interleukin-6 in neonatal citrobacter ventriculitis after meningitis. | an infant with neonatal severe citrobacter koseri (formerly citrobacter diversus) meningoencephalitis developed necrosis with multicystic regression of both hemispheres. the ventriculitis persisted over months in spite of antibiotic therapy. the treatment succeeded with cefotaxime in a high dose (300 mg/kg/day) without surgical intervention. the infant had been previously treated with cefotaxime (200 mg/kg/day) over 5 weeks. high levels of csf interleukin-6 (il-6) permitted to attribute persisti ... | 2000 | 10961534 |
| development of a rapid pcr assay specific for staphylococcus saprophyticus and application to direct detection from urine samples. | staphylococcus saprophyticus is one of the most frequently encountered microorganisms associated with acute urinary tract infections (utis) in young, sexually active female outpatients. conventional identification methods based on biochemical characteristics can efficiently identify s. saprophyticus, but the rapidities of these methods need to be improved. rapid and direct identification of this bacterium from urine samples would be useful to improve time required for the diagnosis of s. saproph ... | 2000 | 10970371 |
| multilaboratory validation of rapid spot tests for identification of escherichia coli. | to validate the accuracy of rapid tests for identification of escherichia coli, five laboratories sequentially collected 1,064 fresh, clinically significant strains with core criteria of indole-positive, oxidase-negative, nonspreading organisms on sheep blood agar plates (bap), having typical gram-negative rod plate morphology, defined as good growth on gram-negative rod-selective media. an algorithm using beta-hemolysis on bap, lactose reaction on eosin-methylene blue or macconkey agar, l-pyrro ... | 2000 | 10970389 |
| automated 5' nuclease pcr assay for identification of salmonella enterica. | a simple and ready-to-go test based on a 5' nuclease (taqman) pcr technique was developed for identification of presumptive salmonella enterica isolates. the results were compared with those of conventional methods. the taqman assay was evaluated for its ability to accurately detect 210 s. enterica isolates, including 100 problematic "rough" isolates. an internal positive control was designed to use the same salmonella primers for amplification of a spiked nonrelevant template (116 bp) in the sa ... | 2000 | 10970396 |
| brain abscess by citrobacter diversus in infancy: case report. | citrobacter diversus is closely related to brain abscess in newborn infants. we describe a case of brain abscess by this bacteria in a newborn infant and his clinical and cranial computed tomographic evaluation until the fourth month of life and discuss therapeutic management of this patient. | 2000 | 10973119 |
| evaluation of the microscan rapid neg id3 panel for identification of enterobacteriaceae and some common gram-negative nonfermenters. | the microscan rapid neg id3 panel (dade behring, inc., west sacramento, calif.) is designed for the identification of gram-negative bacilli. we evaluated its ability to accurately identify enterobacteriaceae that are routinely encountered in a clinical laboratory and glucose nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. using 511 stock cultures that were maintained at -70 degrees c and passaged three times before use, we inoculated panels according to the manufacturer's instructions and processed them in ... | 2000 | 11015366 |
| rapid differentiation of fermentative from nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli in positive blood cultures by an impedance method. | rapid differentiation of fermentative gram-negative bacilli (fermenters) from nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters) in positive blood cultures may help physicians to narrow the choice of appropriate antibiotics for empiric treatment. an impedance method for direct differentiation of fermenters from nonfermenters was investigated. the bacterial suspensions (or positive culture broths containing gram-negative bacteria) were inoculated into the module wells of a bactometer (biomérie ... | 2000 | 11015369 |
| a novel class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (bes-1) in serratia marcescens isolated in brazil. | serratia marcescens rio-5, one of 18 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing strains isolated in several hospitals in rio de janeiro (brazil) in 1996 and 1997, exhibited a high level of resistance to aztreonam (mic, 512 microgram/ml) and a distinctly higher level of resistance to cefotaxime (mic, 64 microgram/ml) than to ceftazidime (mic, 8 microgram/ml). the strain produced a plasmid-encoded esbl with a pi of 7.5 whose bla gene was not related to those of other plasmid-mediated ambler ... | 2000 | 11036023 |
| aci-1 from acidaminococcus fermentans: characterization of the first beta-lactamase in anaerobic cocci. | acidaminococcus fermentans belongs to the group of strictly anaerobic gram-negative cocci. all previously described acidaminococcus strains are susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics. an a. fermentans strain (ryc-mr95) resistant to penicillin and expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (amoxicillin and cefotaxime mics, 64 microgram/ml) was isolated from a human perianal abscess. a fragment encoding a beta-lactamase from genomic dna was cloned in escherichia coli k-12 strain hb101, and the recombinant st ... | 2000 | 11036038 |
| a 1998 survey of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae in france. the french study group. | in a 3-month period in 1998, 79 consecutive isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) were collected. esbls were predominantly tem derivatives (74 of 79): tem-24-like (40 isolates), tem-3-like (29 isolates), tem-21 (3 isolates), and tem-4 and tem-52 (1 isolate each). four isolates produced shv derivatives shv-4 (three isolates) and shv-5 (one isolate), and one strain produced a ctx-m-3 enzyme. the high proportion of tem-24-like-producing enterobacter aer ... | 2000 | 11036046 |
| outbreak of nosocomial infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains of enteric group 137, a new member of the family enterobacteriaceae closely related to citrobacter farmeri and citrobacter amalonaticus. | a member of the enterobacteriaceae initially identified as kluyvera cryocrescens by the microscan gram-negative combo 13 panel caused an outbreak of nosocomial infections in four patients (pneumonia, n = 2; urinary tract infection, n = 1; wound infection, n = 1) and urinary tract colonization in one patient. when the strains were tested by the enteric reference laboratory of the centers for disease control and prevention, biochemical results were most compatible with yersinia intermedia, kluyver ... | 2000 | 11060050 |
| antibacterial spectrum of a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, bms-284756. | the in vitro spectrum of a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, bms-284756, was compared with those of five fluoroquinolones (trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin). bms-284756 was among the most active and often was the most active quinolone against staphylococci (including methicillin-resistant strains), streptococci, pneumococci (including ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible and penicillin-resistant strains), and enterococcus faecalis. bms-284756 inhibited approximately 6 ... | 2000 | 11083639 |
| evaluation of p-naphtholbenzein-beta-d-galactoside as a substrate for bacterial beta-galactosidase. | we describe the synthesis of a new substrate for the detection of beta-galactosidase and evaluate its performance in comparison with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (x-gal) and cyclohexenoesculetinbeta-d-galactoside (che-gal). of 206 enterobacteriaceae strains able to hydrolyze x-gal, 194 (94.2%) hydrolyzed che-gal and 192 (93.2%) hydrolyzed p-naphtholbenzein-beta-d-galactoside (pnb-gal). we conclude that pnb-gal is an effective substrate for the detection of beta-galactosida ... | 2000 | 11097942 |
| citrobacter rodentium, the causative agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia, exhibits clonality: synonymy of c. rodentium and mouse-pathogenic escherichia coli. | citrobacter rodentium (formerly citrobacter freundii biotype 4280 and citrobacter genomospecies 9) was described on the basis of biochemical characterization and dna-dna hybridization data and is the only citrobacter species known to possess virulence factors homologous to those of the human pathogens enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic e. coli. these virulence factors are encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee), a pathogenicity island required for the characteris ... | 2000 | 11101562 |
| duodenal microflora in very-low-birth-weight neonates and relation to necrotizing enterocolitis. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in the neonatal period. small-bowel overgrowth with aerobic gram-negative bacteria has previously been implicated in the development of nec. this prospective study performed quantitative bacteriology on 422 duodenal aspirates collected from 122 very-low-birth-weight (<1,500-g) newborns, at the time of routine changing of nasogastric tubes. isolates of enterobacteriaceae were typed by repetitive extragenic, palindromic ... | 2000 | 11101593 |
| cost-effective and rapid presumptive identification of gram-negative bacilli in routine urine, pus, and stool cultures: evaluation of the use of chromagar orientation medium in conjunction with simple biochemical tests. | the algorithm for a new identification system was designed on the basis of colony color and morphology on chromagar orientation medium in conjunction with simple biochemical tests such as indole (ind), lysine decarboxylase (ldc), and ornithine decarboxylase (odc) utilization tests with gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine samples as well as pus, stool, and other clinical specimens by the following colony characteristics, biochemical reactions, and serological results: pinkish to red, ind po ... | 2000 | 11101600 |
| characterization of in53, a class 1 plasmid- and composite transposon-located integron of escherichia coli which carries an unusual array of gene cassettes. | further characterization of the genetic environment of the gene encoding the escherichia coli extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, bla(veb-1), revealed the presence of a plasmid-located class 1 integron, in53, which carried eight functional resistance gene cassettes in addition to bla(veb-1). while the aadb and the arr-2 gene cassettes were identical to those previously described, the remaining cassettes were novel: (i) a novel nonenzymatic chloramphenicol resistance gene of the cmla family, (ii) a ... | 2001 | 11114922 |
| citrobacter diversus endocarditis. | citrobacter species are motile gram-negative bacilli that cause disease in humans, such as urinary tract infection, pneumonia, superficial and deep wound infections, gastroenteritis, meningitis, bacteremia, and rarely endocarditis. in those cases of endocarditis, intravenous drug use has been associated with citrobacter species. gram-negative organisms are present in less than 10% of cases of endocarditis in intravenous drug users. we present a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in an intraven ... | 2000 | 11149556 |
| molecular and phenotypic characterization of potentially new shigella dysenteriae serotype. | from september 1997 to november 1998, the french national center for salmonella and shigella received 22 shigella isolates recovered from 22 different patients suffering from dysentery. none of these isolates reacted with any of the antisera used to identify established shigella serotypes, but all of them agglutinated in the presence of antisera to a previously described potentially new shigella dysenteriae serotype (represented by strain 96-204) primarily isolated from stool cultures of importe ... | 2001 | 11158117 |
| nucleotide sequence and characterization of a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (ctx-m-10) isolated in spain. | a cefotaxime-resistant, ceftazidime-susceptible escherichia coli isolate was obtained from a patient with sepsis in 1997, from which a beta-lactamase with a pi of 8.1 was cloned. cephaloridine and cefotaxime relative hydrolysis rates were 167 and 81, respectively (penicillin g rate = 100), whereas ceftazidime hydrolysis was not detected. the nucleotide sequence revealed a bla gene related to that coding for ctx-m-3. despite 21 nucleotide substitutions, only 2 determined amino acid changes (ala27 ... | 2001 | 11158766 |
| controlled clinical comparison of bactec plus anaerobic/f to standard anaerobic/f as the anaerobic companion bottle to plus aerobic/f medium for culturing blood from adults. | to determine the optimal anaerobic companion bottle to pair with bactec plus aerobic/f medium for recovery of pathogenic microorganisms from adult patients with bacteremia and fungemia, we compared plus anaerobic/f bottles with standard anaerobic/f bottles, each of which was filled with 4 to 6 ml of blood. the two bottles were paired with a plus aerobic/f bottle filled with 8 to 12 ml of blood. a total of 14,011 blood culture sets were obtained. of these, 11,583 sets were received with all three ... | 2001 | 11230415 |
| nitrate reduction by citrobacter diversus under aerobic environment. | a new aerobic denitrifier, citrobacter diversus, was isolated from both nitrification and denitrification sludge. to monitor the variation in the concentration of nitrogen oxides, aerobic denitrification by c. diversus was carried out in a batch reactor. when the nitrate concentration was greater than 180 mg n l(-1), the nitrate reduction rate became stable. the effect of the c/n ratio on the denitrification activity was also investigated. the results showed that the optimum denitrification acti ... | 2001 | 11234965 |
| [pacemaker-cable endocarditis and spondylodiscitis caused by citrobacter koseri. conservative treatment]. | | 2001 | 11256252 |
| novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, kpc-1, from a carbapenem-resistant strain of klebsiella pneumoniae. | a klebsiella pneumoniae isolate showing moderate to high-level imipenem and meropenem resistance was investigated. the mics of both drugs were 16 microg/ml. the beta-lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid. the strain was also resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. isoelectric focusing studies demonstrated three beta-lactamases, with pis of 7.2 (shv-29), 6.7 (kpc-1), and 5.4 (tem-1). the presence of bla(shv) and bla ... | 2001 | 11257029 |
| identification and functional characterization of arylamine n-acetyltransferases in eubacteria: evidence for highly selective acetylation of 5-aminosalicylic acid. | arylamine n-acetyltransferase activity has been described in various bacterial species. bacterial n-acetyltransferases, including those from bacteria of the gut flora, may be involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, thereby exerting physiopathological effects. we characterized these enzymes further by steady-state kinetics, time-dependent inhibition, and dna hybridization in 40 species, mostly from the human intestinal microflora. we report for the first time n-acetyltransferase activity in 11 ... | 2001 | 11344150 |
| three days of incubation may be sufficient for routine blood cultures with bact/alert fan blood culture bottles. | bact/alert fan blood culture bottles have been shown to enhance the recovery of bacteria and yeast from blood compared with standard bact/alert bottles. it is well established that standard bact/alert blood culture bottles require no more than 5 days of incubation for the detection of routine bacteria and yeast. it is less clear, however, whether fan bottles also routinely require 5 days of incubation. to address this question, we recently reviewed the results of 17,887 blood culture sets collec ... | 2001 | 11376038 |
| coexistence of shv-4- and tem-24-producing enterobacter aerogenes strains before a large outbreak of tem-24-producing strains in a french hospital. | in 1996, a monitoring program was initiated at the teaching hospital of amiens, france, and carried out for 3 years. all extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacter aerogenes isolates recovered from clinical specimens were collected for investigation of their epidemiological relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus pcr (eric-pcr) and determination of the type of esbl harbored by isoelectric focusing and dna sequencing. ... | 2001 | 11376055 |
| recognition of two groups of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains based on epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, hypervariable-region type, and ribotype in finland. | epidemiological evidence suggests that some methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains are more prone to dissemination than others. we studied 72 mrsa strains, collected through nationwide mrsa surveillance in 1992 through 1999 and known to be either (i) sporadic, (ii) local outbreak strains spread within one hospital, or (iii) epidemic strains spread among hospitals, by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, hybridization of the mec hypervariable region (hvr), and ribotyping. our ... | 2001 | 11376064 |