| comparative evaluation of loracarbef and amoxicillin-clavulanate for acute otitis media. | one hundred five infants and children with acute otitis media were randomized to therapy with loracarbef, an experimental carbacephem antibiotic, or amoxicillin-clavulanate (augmentin), an approved drug for this disease. ninety-two were evaluable (46 in each group). middle ear fluid samples obtained for culture before therapy grew haemophilus spp. in 30% of cases, pneumococci in 29% of cases, and moraxella catarrhalis in 15% of cases. beta-lactamase-producing bacteria were found in 37% of patien ... | 1991 | 1854178 |
| pharmacotherapy of otitis media. | the clinical manifestations of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion are the result of abnormal eustachian tube function most often caused by inflammation from infection or allergy. the majority of cases involve bacterial infection of the middle ear caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, or branhamella catarrhalis. nearly half of all children will have had at least one episode of acute otitis media by 1 year of age, and over 70% by 3 years of age. the signs and s ... | 1991 | 1862012 |
| intravenous ciprofloxacin for the treatment of severe infections. | intravenous ciprofloxacin at a daily dosage of 400 mg divided in two doses was administered to 19 patients with severe infections caused by ciprofloxacin-susceptible bacteria. these infections included: 11 surgical would infections, 5 soft tissue infections, 2 respiratory tract infections, 1 urinary tract infection. the offending pathogens were: 8 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 3 staphylococcus aureus, 3 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 proteus spp., 1 escherichia coli, 1 branhamella catarrhalis, 1 ... | 1991 | 1875231 |
| [bacteriological and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatrics]. | bacteriological and clinical studies on cefodizime (cdzm, thr-221), a new cephem developed by hoechst ag and roussel uclaf, were carried out and the results are summarized below: 1. against gram-positive bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae, antibacterial activities of cdzm were similar to those of cefotaxime (ctx), cefazolin, cefotiam and piperacillin. against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and serratia sp., antibacterial activities of cd ... | 1991 | 1880919 |
| clinical evaluation of ticarcillin, with clavulanic acid, and gentamicin in the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic children. | to assess the clinical efficacy of ticarcillin, with clavulanic acid, and gentamicin, we conducted a prospective one year study of febrile episodes in neutropenic children. seventy-five episodes were evaluated in 42 children. the response rate was 32% during persistent neutropenia, whilst another third of episodes responded with neutrophil recovery. positive blood cultures occurred in 21 episodes and 20 of 24 micro-organisms belonged to the 'community' flora, i.e. organisms carried by healthy pe ... | 1991 | 1885425 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1988)]. | isolated bacteria from respiratory infectious diseases were collected in cooperation with institutions located throughout japan, since 1981, and ikemoto et al. have been examining sensitivities of the isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, relationships between the isolates and the backgrounds of the patients and so forth each year. we report here the research results for the year 1988. in 18 institutions around the entire japan from october 1988 to september 1989, 554 strains ... | 1991 | 1886202 |
| in vitro antibacterial activities of the fluoroquinolones pd 117596, pd 124816, and pd 127391. | three new aminopyrrolidine-substituted fluorocyclopropyl quinolones--pd 117596, pd 124816, and pd 127391--were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against 349 bacterial strains, which are primarily clinical isolates. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) in micrograms/ml required for greater than or equal to 90% of strains were 0.03-0.06 for staphylococci (26 strains); 0.06-0.25 for streptococcus pyogenes, s. agalactiae, s. pneumoniae, and enterococcus faecalis (80); less than or eq ... | 1991 | 1889177 |
| antimicrobial activity of e-1040, a novel thiadiazolyl cephalosporin compared with other parenteral cephems. | e-1040, a new parenteral fourth-generation cephalosporin, was tested against greater than 600 bacteremic pathogens and compared with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefpirome. e-1040 activity against staphylococcus aureus was comparable (mic90, 8 micrograms/ml) to ceftazidime, but inferior to cefotaxime (mic90, 2 micrograms/ml) and cefpirome (mic90, 0.5 microgram/ml). beta-hemolytic streptococci and most gram-positive anaerobes were also susceptible to e-1040. some strains of coagulase-negative sta ... | 1991 | 1889181 |
| antibacterial activity of rokitamycin compared with that of other macrolides. | the activity of rokitamycin, a 16-membered macrolide, was compared with other macrolides and agents used to treat respiratory infections. rokitamycin had in vitro activity against streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae comparable to the other macrolides, inhibiting most organisms at less than 0.03 to 0.5 microgram/ml. it was the most active macrolide agent against staphylococcus aureus, inhibiting 90% at 1 microgram/ml. macrolide-resistant streptococci and staphylococci in which resistance wa ... | 1991 | 1889182 |
| bacterial infection in under school age children with expiratory difficulty. | serological evidence of bacterial infection was prospectively studied in less than 6 years old patients during 188 acute episodes of expiratory difficulty requiring hospital treatment. such evidence indicated by antibody or antigen assays was found in 40 patients (21%). streptococcus pneumoniae was identified in 25 cases; antigenemia was found in 10, antigenuria in 2 and seroconversion in 14 cases. seroconversion to nontypable haemophilus influenzae was found in 9 and to branhamella catarrhalis ... | 1991 | 1896233 |
| in vitro activity of ceftibuten against haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarhallis. | the in vitro activity of ceftibuten, a new orally administered cephalosporin, was assessed against clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis. the activity of ceftibuten was compared to that of ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and three oral cephalosporins, cefaclor, cefuroxime, and cefixime. with the exception of rare beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains of h. influenzae, resistance to ceftibuten was not observed with any of the study isolate ... | 1991 | 1901536 |
| occurrences of antibodies against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis in middle ear effusion and serum during the course of acute otitis media. | the occurrence of igg, igm and iga class antibodies against a type-specific capsular polysaccharide of streptococcus pneumoniae (pn) and against a whole cell antigen of haemophilus influenzae (hi) and branhamella catarrhalis (br) was studied using the elisa method on middle ear effusion (mee) samples of 85 patients and paired serum samples of 40 patients during the course of acute otitis media (aom). although specific antibodies to all of these three bacteria appeared in mee during the course of ... | 1991 | 1901685 |
| amoxycillin/clavulanate versus amoxycillin in recurrent otitis media and therapeutic failure in children. | a total of 102 children with recurrent otitis media or therapeutic failure after treatment with phenoxymethyl penicillin were entered into a double-blind study with parallel groups, comparing treatment with amoxycillin/clavulanate suspension (spektramox) for 7 days with amoxycillin suspension (imacillin) for 10 days. bacterial and clinical investigations were performed. a total of 91 patients were evaluated for efficacy at the first follow-up visit (10-12 days after start of treatment). amoxycil ... | 1991 | 1901686 |
| comparison of the activity of cefixime and activities of other oral antibiotics against adult clinical isolates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis containing bro-1 and bro-2 and haemophilus influenzae. | mics of 10 oral antibiotics were determined for 105 moraxella catarrhalis and 96 haemophilus influenzae isolates from adults. a two- to fourfold increase in mics of oral cephalosporins was seen in the presence of bro-1 but not with tem-1 or bro-2. the mics of cefixime for 90% of strains of h. influenzae (0.125 microgram/ml) and m. catarrhalis (0.25 microgram/ml) were 8- to 64-fold lower than those of other oral cephalosporins. | 1991 | 1901696 |
| development of a species-specific dna probe for moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is an aerobic gram-negative diplococcus that is now recognized as a pathogen of the respiratory tract. rapid and direct identification of this bacterium has become important to the clinical microbiology laboratory. recently, rapid tests for the identification of neisseria species and m. catarrhalis have been commercialized but they are primarily for neisseriae; in these kits, m. catarrhalis is always identified presumptively. we have developed a dna probe of c ... | 1991 | 1901955 |
| branhamella catarrhalis septicemia in an immunocompetent adult. | a 68-year-old man with otitis media developed signs of disseminated intravasal coagulation (dic) and shock. beta-lactamase positive branhamella catarrhalis grew in all blood cultures and in secretion from the middle ear. the patient was immunocompetent and previously healthy. severe b. catarrhalis septicemia has so far mainly been described in immunocompromised patients, mostly children, but this report shows that it may occasionally occur in immunocompetent adults. | 1991 | 1902980 |
| branhamella catarrhalis as a cause of multiple subpleural abscesses. | a pure growth of branhamella catarrhalis was obtained from subpleural abscesses in a 65-year-old fisherman with a persistent pneumothorax; underlying disorders included lung fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes mellitus. a thoracotomy revealed extensive thickening of the visceral pleura covering multiple subpleural abscesses. there was a protracted postoperative course despite surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment with a cephalosporin and erythromycin. | 1991 | 1902981 |
| [pneumonia caused by branhamella catarrhalis. a well-documented case]. | | 1991 | 1903072 |
| in-vitro activity of cefprozil (bmy 28100) and loracarbef (ly 163892) against pathogens obtained from middle ear fluid. | we compared the in-vitro activities of cefprozil, a novel oral cephalosporin, and of loracarbef, a new oral carbacephem, with other agents against middle ear fluid isolates obtained from children with acute otitis media. these included streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis. cefprozil activity (mic50 and mic90) against s. pneumoniae was 0.25 and 0.50 mg/l; against h. influenzae 8 and 16 mg/l; against b. catarrhalis 2 and 2 mg/l. loracarbef activity (mic50 an ... | 1991 | 1903788 |
| multipoint microbiological assay for detecting beta-lactamase. | a multipoint microbiological assay for determining beta-lactamase production by clinical isolates of bacteria was evaluated. with strains of haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and branhamella catarrhalis there was excellent correlation between results obtained using this method and those obtained using the chromogenic cephalosporin reference method. the multipoint method is an inexpensive yet reliable adjunct to conventional susceptibility testing methods. | 1991 | 1904456 |
| the successful treatment of branhamella catarrhalis bronchopulmonary infections in adults with amoxycillin. | | 1991 | 1904850 |
| [bacteremic pneumonia caused by branhamella catarrhalis in an immunocompromised patient]. | | 1991 | 1904967 |
| branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis: pathogenic significance in respiratory infections. | to assess the pathogenic significance of branhamella catarrhalis isolates in patients with respiratory infections and to define the clinical characteristics of such patients. design and | 1991 | 1905385 |
| cefixime compared with amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media. | cefixime was compared with amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media in a randomized trial. results of tympanocentesis on day 3 to 5 of therapy were used as the major outcome. total daily doses were 8 mg/kg of cefixime and 40 mg/kg of amoxicillin. one hundred twenty-six patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment; 64 cultures grew pathogens. pathogens were eradicated from the middle ear after 3 to 5 days of therapy in 27 (79.4%) of 34 children given amoxicillin and 26 (86.7%) of 3 ... | 1991 | 1906097 |
| comparative trial of cefprozil vs. amoxicillin clavulanate potassium in the treatment of children with acute otitis media with effusion. | a total of 137 children with acute otitis media with effusion were randomly allocated to treatment with cefprozil (30 mg/kg/day divided into two equal doses), an investigational cephalosporin or amoxicillin clavulanate potassium (40 mg/kg/day divided into three equal doses) for 10 days. the most common pathogens obtained from middle ear cavities by tympanocentesis were streptococcus pneumoniae (33%), haemophilus influenzae (19.6%) and moraxella catarrhalis (8.3%). patients were scheduled for fol ... | 1991 | 1906160 |
| branhamella catarrhalis peritonitis in capd: an avoidable complication? | | 1991 | 1906755 |
| branhamella catarrhalis and croup: toxicity in the upper respiratory tract. | branhamella catarrhalis has gained increasing recognition as a pathogen in the respiratory tract. during the past 18 years, since its transfer from the genus neisseria, it has been associated with infection in cavities of the respiratory tract (sinuses and middle ear). it has been recognized as playing a role in laryngitis. its isolation in large numbers from the surface and core of acutely and chronically infected tonsils indicates a possible role in these infections. croup (two patients report ... | 1991 | 1907110 |
| pharyngeal carriage of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in healthy adults. | | 1991 | 1907543 |
| bacteremia and septic arthritis caused by moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis was isolated from blood from a 41-year-old man who had a 24-hour history of increasing pain in and swelling of the left knee. no history of trauma, arthropathy, fever, chills, cough, or chest pain was noted. what is believed to be the first case of bacteremia caused by m. catarrhalis that was associated with septic arthritis is described in this report. the case presented suggests the pathophysiology of this rare condition. one previous case of septic arthritis caused by m. ... | 1991 | 1907759 |
| nasopharyngeal flora in the first three years of life in normal and otitis-prone children. | nasopharyngeal carriage of the three major middle ear pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable hemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis) was evaluated prospectively in a group of 110 children followed up for the first 3 years of life. the findings suggested that nasopharyngeal carriage of middle ear pathogens increases significantly during respiratory illness among the general population of young children; however, otitis-prone children demonstrated a tendency to carry nontypeabl ... | 1991 | 1908199 |
| comparative immunochemistry of lipopolysaccharides from branhamella catarrhalis strains. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) were extracted and purified from the type strain and from a clinical isolate of branhamella catarrhalis. chemical analysis revealed the presence of glucose, galactose, and glucosamine in different molar proportions in the lps from these two isolates, whereas there was no difference between the two isolates in the ratios of ketodeoxyoctonate, phosphate, and the fatty acids c12, 3-oh-c12, and 3-oh-c11 present. heptose or 3-oh-c14 was not detectable in either preparation. ... | 1991 | 1908833 |
| [in vitro activity of cefuroxime against moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis]. | minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefuroxime were determined by an agar dilution procedure and compared with erythromycin and four other beta-lactam antibiotics (amoxycillin, amoxycillin + clavulanate, cefadroxil, cefaclor) on 76 strains of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. sixty four of them produced a beta-lactamase. results show that the beta-lactamase of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis abrogates the activity of amoxycillin (mic 90% = 4 mg/l) meanwhile the combination of amoxycillin ... | 1991 | 1909016 |
| prospective hospital study of community acquired lower respiratory tract infection in the elderly. | a prospective study of community acquired lower respiratory tract infection in the elderly was carried out over a 15-month period. during this time 127 consecutive admissions to two acute geriatric medical wards were studied. an aetiology was established in 77 (61%) of cases. streptococcus pneumoniae was identified in 37% of patients. haemophilus influenzae in 18% and branhamella catarrhalis in 10%. infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae was found in only one episode and no cases of legionella pne ... | 1991 | 1909044 |
| erythromycin and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin v) in the treatment of respiratory tract infections as related to microbiological findings and serum c-reactive protein. | respiratory tract pathogens (beta-haemolytic streptococci groups a, c and g, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis or pneumococci), were isolated from nasopharyngeal and/or throat swabs in 73/138 (53%) patients greater than 10 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis, acute tonsillitis, purulent nasopharyngitis or acute bronchitis. serological evidence of a viral infection (influenza a and b, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus) or mycopla ... | 1991 | 1909052 |
| secretory antibodies specific to streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis in middle ear effusion during acute otitis media. | the occurrence of specific secretory antibodies against the type-specific capsular polysaccharide of streptococcus pneumoniae (pn) and against the whole cell antigen of haemophilus influenzae (hi) and branhamella catarrhalis (br) were measured by the elisa method in 211 middle ear effusion (mee) samples of 85 children with acute otitis media (aom) during the course of the disease. antibodies against at least one of those bacteria were detected at the initial visit in 33.6% of the ears and later ... | 1991 | 1909486 |
| nasopharyngeal flora in otitis media with effusion. a comparative semiquantitative analysis. | an inflammatory process in the middle ear caused by bacteria or bacterial products emanating from the nasopharynx is one etiological factor considered in the unknown pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (ome). the nasopharyngeal prevalence of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and streptococcus pyogenes was studied in 191 children with defined ome and in 53 age-matched children without middle ear disease. duplicate sampling and semiquantit ... | 1991 | 1909487 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of sparfloxacin (at-4140, ci-978, pd 131501) compared with numerous other quinolone compounds. | sparfloxacin (at-4140, ci-978, pd 131501) was tested against over 800 recent bacteremic strains and compared with ciprofloxacin and six other fluoroquinolones. the 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic90) ranges for the enterobacteriaceae species were (a) sparfloxacin, 0.03-1 microgram/ml and (b) ciprofloxacin, 0.015-0.25 microgram/ml. moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, and neisseria gonorrhoeae were very susceptible to sparfloxacin (mic90s, 0.004- less than or equal to 0.03 micr ... | 1991 | 1909615 |
| beta-lactamase production and bacterial tolerance in recurrent acute otitis media. | different reasons for treatment failure or relapse of acute otitis media (aom) have been suggested. in this study 38 children (8 treatment failures, 13 relapses of aom within one month and 17 with a new aom) were compared to 25 matching healthy children, regarding beta-lactamase producing bacteria and tolerance to penicillin v and ampicillin. branhamella catarrhalis was the most common bacteria found in the nasopharynx and was isolated in 60% of children with aom and in 48% of the control group. ... | 1991 | 1909690 |
| in vitro studies with bay v 3522, a new oral cephalosporin. | the in vitro activities of bay v 3522, cefaclor, cephalexin, cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxicillin/clavulanate (2:1) and reference penicillins were compared against 314 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and nine strains of escherichia coli that differed in their outer membrane proteins in agar dilution tests with an inoculum of 10(4) cfu/spot. the beta-lactamase stabilities of the cephalosporins were also evaluated by spectrophotometric assay using 21 different beta-lacta ... | 1991 | 1914843 |
| improved tween 80 hydrolysis method for identification of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | | 1991 | 1915394 |
| in vitro activity of cefpodoxime, a new oral cephalosporin, compared with that of nine other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of the compound ru-51746, the sodium salt of cefpodoxime (which is administered orally as the ester cefpodoxime proxetil) was compared with that of other commonly used oral antibiotics against a selection of clinical isolates of common bacteria from patients with urinary tract, soft tissue and respiratory tract infections. ru-51746 was found to inhibit 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than 1 mg/l; pneumococci, pyogenic streptococci (lancefield groups a, c and g) and strept ... | 1991 | 1915400 |
| swedish study group. a randomized multicenter trial to compare the influence of cefaclor and amoxycillin on the colonization resistance of the digestive tract in patients with lower respiratory tract infection. | eighty-four patients with lower respiratory tract infections participated in a randomised double-blind parallel multicenter trial in order to compare the efficacy of cefaclor and amoxycillin as treatment for lower respiratory tract infections and their ability to influence colonization resistance. cefaclor was given to 40 patients and amoxycillin to 44 patients perorally in doses of 250 mg t.i.d. for seven days in a double-blind fashion. sputum, oropharyngeal and intestinal specimens were taken ... | 1991 | 1917031 |
| rufloxacin once daily in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | in this open study the efficacy and tolerability of rufloxacin in a single dose of 400 mg the first day and 200 mg the nine consecutive days was studied in 26 patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. twenty-two patients were evaluable for efficacy. four patients stopped treatment prematurely after five days because of clinical cure. at the enrollment visit a pathogen was isolated in the sputum sample in 19 of 22 evaluable patients. the predominant pathogens were streptococcus p ... | 1991 | 1917050 |
| bacteriology of acute otitis media in adults. | --the objective of this study was to determine the bacteriology of acute otitis media in adults. although this has frequently been studied in children, no data have recently been reported from adults in the united states. additionally, information on the prevalence of haemophilus influenzae as a causative organism in acute otitis media in adults has not been available. | 1991 | 1920724 |
| [bacteriological study on fosfomycin against organisms clinically isolated from paranasal sinusitis]. | multi-center bacteriological and clinical studies on fosfomycin (fom) nasal solution were performed in subjects with paranasal sinusitis from january, 1988 to may, 1990. in these studies, we were exclusively responsible for bacterial isolation from clinical sources, bacterial identification and the determination of drug susceptibility. before local administration of fom nasal solution, many strains of various bacterial species were isolated from sources totalling 396 cases involved in phase ii c ... | 1991 | 1920807 |
| [clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the internal medicine]. | fifty-two patients with moderate or severe infections associated with internal medicine were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (ipm/cs) and the efficacy and the safety of this drug were evaluated. there were 20 patients with pneumonia, 10 with acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infections, 9 with sepsis, 2 with pyothorax, 3 with intraabdominal infection, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with infective endocarditis, 4 with fever of unknown origin. for ... | 1991 | 1920813 |
| vertebral osteomyelitis due to branhamella catarrhalis. | | 1991 | 1925301 |
| [beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations for oral administration]. | beta-lactamase inhibitors are compounds which are able to bind many beta-lactamase and to inactivate them irreversibly ("suicide inactivators"). their intrinsic antimicrobial activity is weak. however, in combination with aminopenicillins they exhibit marked synergism both in vitro and in vivo against many beta-lactamase producing bacterial strains. at the achievable serum and tissue concentrations after oral administration, various aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations are activ ... | 1991 | 1925470 |
| comparative efficacy and safety of cefprozil (bmy-28100) and cefaclor in the treatment of acute group a beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. | cefprozil (bmy-28100) is a semisynthetic cephalosporin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and prolonged serum elimination half-life allowing for once-a-day oral administration. in vitro, cefprozil demonstrates excellent activity against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. cefprozil (500 mg once daily) was compared to cefaclor (250 mg three times daily) in an open, randomized, comparative trial for the treatment of acute group ... | 1991 | 1929253 |
| in vitro activity of loracarbef (ly163892), a new oral carbacephem antimicrobial agent, against respiratory isolates of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | the in vitro activity of a new orally administered carbacephem analog of cefaclor, loracarbef (ly163892), was compared with those of cefaclor and several other oral antimicrobial agents against recent clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. loracarbef was found to be slightly more active than cefaclor against h. influenzae and had activity essentially equivalent to that of cefaclor for m. catarrhalis. resistance to loracarbef was uncommon and was noted only with ra ... | 1991 | 1929318 |
| [branhamella catarrhalis as a disease pathogen]. | since 1980, numerous reports have been published throughout the world on the pathogenic role of branhamella catarrhalis. apparently, branhamella infections have been increasing in many places. although they can affect various organs, they are most commonly observed in the airways and eye (both in children and adults). not infrequently, branhamella catarrhalis causes sepsis, in particular in immunosuppressed patients. the rapid increase in beta-lactamase-forming branhamella strains results in fre ... | 1991 | 1937324 |
| comparison of molecular epidemiological tools for branhamella catarrhalis typing. | twenty-one branhamella catarrhalis strains selected for their diversity by esterase electrophoretic polymorphism, and belonging to 20 distinct zymotypes, were studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of total dna after ethidium bromide staining and of ribosomal dna regions (ribotyping). the former analysis allowed the distinction of 20 patterns and the latter the delineation of 19 ribotypes. the three methods were correlated and showed a clonal diversity of the species. esteras ... | 1991 | 1947430 |
| [role of cefuroxime-axetil in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. bacteriological and pharmacological data]. | cefuroxime-axetil, the 1-acetoxyethyl ester of cefuroxime, is a prodrug for oral administration. the indication of this new formulation in the treatment of community acquired rti required an updating of its activity against respiratory pathogens. a total of 260 isolates were included in a study using mic determination (agar dilution technique): the mode mics for haemophilus spp., branhamella catarrhalis, streptococci, s. pneumoniae ranged from 0.016 to 0.5 mg/l; no difference was noted between b ... | 1991 | 1948811 |
| nasal mucosal changes in children treated with gammaglobulin. aspects on middle ear pathology and nasopharyngeal bacteriology. | the present study was undertaken to evaluate possible beneficial effects of gammaglobulin treatment every 3 weeks during 6 months of 6-month to 2-year-old children. every second of 44 children with recurrent acute otitis media (raom) received gammaglobulin, the other 22 served as controls. nasal mucosal biopsy specimens were taken at 6-month intervals and analysed by light microscopy (lm) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). additional biopsies were obtained from another 15 children with raom ... | 1991 | 1950543 |
| an approach to pediatric upper respiratory infections. | upper respiratory tract infections are the most common diseases encountered in office pediatrics. the majority of these illnesses, including the common cold and pharyngitis, are viral in etiology, present with rhinitis and fever, and are self-limited and benign. management consists of fluids, rest, saltwater nose drops and analgesics. antihistamines appear to relieve only those symptoms potentiated by allergy. with the exception of streptococcal pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections do ... | 1991 | 1950981 |
| pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil and cefaclor: relationship of concentrations in serum to mics for common respiratory pathogens. | the pharmacokinetics of single doses of cefaclor at 250 and 375 mg and cefuroxime axetil at 250 mg administered under optimal conditions (i.e., cefuroxime axetil after food and cefaclor in the fasted state) were studied in 24 healthy male volunteers. drug concentrations in serum were related to mics for common respiratory tract pathogens by using data generated from a recently completed national survey. the time the concentrations in serum exceeded the mics for haemophilus influenzae, streptococ ... | 1991 | 1952858 |
| pneumonia in chronic obstructive lung disease. | despite the apparent common occurrence of pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), there are little firm data on incidence, etiology, diagnostic procedures, and therapy in these patients. it appears that traditional respiratory pathogens such as the pneumococcus are declining in importance while "new" pathogens such as pseudomonas sp., moraxella catarrhalis, and legionella sp. are becoming more important. the diagnosis of a specific etiologic agent is difficult in ... | 1991 | 1955695 |
| moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is now a well-recognized pathogen in lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in the setting of chronic lung disease. the ability to produce beta-lactamase, which now characterizes most clinical strains, appears to be a recently acquired trait. the most common clinical syndrome caused by this organism is exacerbation of chronic bronchitis; this syndrome has been well described in europe, japan, and the united states, particularly from centers with a la ... | 1991 | 1955698 |
| double-blind comparison of cefixime and cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. | in a double-blind study cefixime, an oral cephalosporin of the third generation, was compared to cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in 397 children aged 6 months to 12 years. clinical evaluation was carried out at the beginning, at day 10-12 and day 28-35 after the start of the treatment. specimens for bacterial culture and sensitivity testings were taken from the nasopharynx at the initial visit. patients were randomized either to cefixime in a dose of 8 mg/kg/day or cefaclor in a ... | 1991 | 1957129 |
| shunt-associated ventriculitis caused by branhamella catarrhalis. | | 1990 | 1969445 |
| pili (fimbriae) of branhamella species. | pili (fimbriae) have frequently been found to be involved in the attachment of bacteria to mucosal epithelial cells, an important initial step in the disease process. the purpose of this study was to determine if branhamella catarrhalis expresses type 4 pili. | 1990 | 1971156 |
| superoxol and aminopeptidase tests for identification of pathogenic neisseria species and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | the superoxol test, and prolyl aminopeptidase and gammaglutamyl aminopeptidase tests were evaluated for the detection of pathogenic neisseria spp. using 317 strains of neisseria-ceae. the superoxol test was positive for all 116 gonococci and 62 moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains, but also for three strains of neisseria meningitidis, one strain of neisseria lactamica and eight saprophytic neisseriae. when using strains grown on thayer-martin medium, the positive and negative predictive v ... | 1990 | 1974848 |
| electron microscopic observation of branhamella catarrhalis. | the hemagglutination (ha) test was done on 85 strains of branhamella catarrhalis, isolated from sputum of patients with respiratory infections; 53% were ha positive strains. three ha positive and three ha negative strains were selected and were observed under the electron microscope. the bacterial cell wall appeared to be lobulated and its total thickness was about 38 nm. the nuclear region consisted of whorls or fibrils and dense bodies. five strains were fimbriated and one strain was nonfimbri ... | 1990 | 1983027 |
| bacteriology of the ethmoid bullae in children with chronic sinusitis. | cultures from 105 children with chronic sinusitis who had failed aggressive medical management were retrospectively studied. patients with immunodeficiency and cystic fibrosis were excluded from the study. because the most common sites of disease were the infundibula and anterior ethmoid sinuses, samples of mucosa removed from the anterior ethmoid bullae during endoscopic ethmoidectomy were routinely cultured for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. fungal cultures were performed for 55 bullae. the ... | 1991 | 1991059 |
| randomized comparative study of ceftibuten versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections. | in a randomized, single-blind trial, ceftibuten in doses of 200 mg and 300 mg administered b.i.d., was compared with cefaclor 500 mg t.i.d. in acute lower respiratory tract infections. a total 545 patients were enrolled, of which 263 were evaluable for efficacy. all patients were adults with a diagnosis of either bacterial pneumonia or bronchitis. the infective organism was eliminated in 83% of the patients in the ceftibuten 200-mg b.i.d. treatment group and in 85% of patients in the 300-mg b.i. ... | 1991 | 2013204 |
| antimicrobial activity and spectrum of ceftibuten (7432-s, sch 39720)--a review of united states and canadian results. | preliminary in vitro studies of ceftibuten in the united states and canada have demonstrated a potent activity against enteric bacilli (greater than 90% of routine clinical isolates), haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria spp., most b-hemolytic streptocci, and streptococcus pneumoniae. ceftibuten was demonstrated to be bactericidal, minimally influenced by high inocula, beta-lactamase stable, an inhibitor of type ia beta-lactamase, and potentially usable against some enterobac ... | 1991 | 2013209 |
| comparative antimicrobial spectrum and activity of ceftibuten against clinical isolates from west germany. | the in vitro activity of a new oral cephalosporin, ceftibuten, was determined against 837 clinical isolates by agar dilution technique and compared with that of the oral cephalosporins, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime, and cefprozil. against enterobacteriaceae, ceftibuten was the most active of the compounds. ceftibuten mic90s were less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml for most members of the family enterobacteriaceae, 0.13 microgram/ml for haemophilus influenzae, 4 micrograms/ml ... | 1991 | 2013211 |
| in vitro antibacterial activities of pd 131628, a new 1,8-naphthyridine anti-infective agent. | pd 131628 is a new aminopyrrolidine-substituted fluorocyclopropyl naphthyridine quinolone which possesses high in vitro activity against a wide spectrum of bacterial species. the mics for greater than or equal to 90% of strains were 0.125 to 0.25 microgram/ml for staphylococci, streptococcus pyogenes, and s. pneumoniae; 0.5 micrograms/ml for s. agalactiae and enterococcus faecalis; 0.125 micrograms/ml for members of the family enterobacteriaceae and acinetobacter spp.; 0.5 micrograms/ml for pseu ... | 1991 | 2014970 |
| in vitro activity of a catechol-substituted cephalosporin, gr69153. | the in vitro activity of gr69153, a new catechol-substituted cephalosporin, was compared with those of ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, and ceftriaxone against 604 recent clinical isolates and other strains with known mechanisms of resistance. the mics of gr69153 for 90% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested were less than 0.5 micrograms/ml, with the exceptions of those for serratia spp. (4 micrograms/ml), citrobacter spp. (2 micrograms/ml), and enterobacter spp. (8 micrograms/ ... | 1991 | 2024966 |
| continuous activity of significant antibiotics. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) are the primary cause of antibiotic use in general practice. since the first penicillin was introduced for therapeutic purposes, several classes of antibiotics have been used in the treatment of community-acquired rtis. the phase when penicillins g and v could be active in rtis was relatively short lived due to the early emergence of resistant organisms. ampicillin and amoxicillin have been used successfully for more than 20 years in the treatment of rtis. in ... | 1991 | 2029722 |
| activity of temafloxacin against respiratory pathogens. | the activity of the quinolone temafloxacin against respiratory pathogens was compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. mics for 90% of strains tested indicated that temafloxacin was at least two- to fourfold more potent than the other two quinolones against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila. temafloxacin had potency equal to that of ciprofloxacin and was twofold more active than ofloxacin against streptococcus pyogenes. moraxella catarrhalis, a ... | 1991 | 2039192 |
| [bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of cefpirome sulfate in the pediatric field. pediatric study group of cefpirome]. | a research group was organized with the purpose of making basic and clinical studies on cefpirome sulfate (hr810, cpr), a newly developed cephalosporin antibiotic, in the pediatric field. through meetings a joint research was done involving 19 key institutions and their related facilities throughout japan. the obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. antibacterial activities minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined against 71 gram-positive and 110 gram-negative bacteria in ... | 1991 | 2041150 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpirome in pediatrics]. | cefpirome (cpr, hr 810), a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied for its pharmacokinetics, bacteriological and clinical effects in the field of pediatrics. 1. cpr was very active against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococcus pneumoniae among gram-positive cocci. antibacterial activities of cpr were also strong against branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli, salmonella sp., klebsiella oxytoca, e ... | 1991 | 2041158 |
| [neonatal conjunctivitis in a nursery and a neonatal unit]. | after credé prophylaxis was abandoned at our hospital in 1984 scrupulous clinical surveillance of all neonates for conjunctivitis, and bacterial cultures from purulent eye discharge, have become routine. during the two-year period 1 march 1987 to 28 february 1989, testing for chlamydia trachomatis (eia-technique) was added in all infants with clinical conjunctivitis. during the period concerned there were 332 cases of conjunctivitis among 4,520 live born infants, an incidence of 7.3%. the incide ... | 1991 | 2042130 |
| open randomized controlled parallel study of ofloxacin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment of lower respiratory tract and urinary infections. | a total of 60 patients with lower respiratory tract or urinary tract infections were enrolled in an open, randomized, controlled, parallel study comparing 300 mg ofloxacin (ofx) b.i.d. with trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (tmp 800 mg + smx 160 mg), 1 tablet, b.i.d. the signs and symptoms of low respiratory tract infection were cured in 12 patients (80%) of the ofx group and improved in 2 other patients (13%); at the end of therapy, the 2 germs that persisted were streptococcus pneumoniae and bra ... | 1991 | 2049964 |
| [tuberculosis sequelae: secondary bacterial infections]. | bacterial infections is one of the most important complications in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. we reported the causative microorganisms in these cases with special reference to various clinical features and presented the recommended treatment and prophylaxis against respiratory bacterial infections in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae. in 1988 and 1989, 63 patients with tuberculosis sequela were demonstrated to have been infected with respiratory pathogenic bacteria ... | 1990 | 2077264 |
| in-vitro activity of sparfloxacin, a new quinolone antimicrobial agent. | the in-vitro activity of sparfloxacin (at-4140), a new difluorinated quinolone, was compared with those of ciprofloxacin, temafloxacin and selected members of other groups of antimicrobial agents, against 651 recent distinct clinical isolates and strains with known mechanisms of resistance. three strains of chlamydia trachomatis were also studied. the mics for 90% of the enterobacteriaceae were between 0.06 and 1 mg/l; for pseudomonas aeruginosa the mic90 was 2 mg/l. sparfloxacin was 16-fold mor ... | 1990 | 2079449 |
| [anaerobic bacteria detected in inflammatory conditions of the respiratory tract]. | in this study a participation of anaerobic bacteria in respiratory tract diseases is presented. bronchial washings collected by ++fibrobronchoscope constituted material for the study. immediately after collection the material was plated onto two media for aerobic bacteria (hemomedium) and anaerobic bacteria (anaeromedium). then, the samples were centrifuged and a sediment was plated on solid media suitable for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. bacterial anaerobic isolates were identified by using ... | 1990 | 2084446 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. a study mainly focused on imipenem. research group for testing imipenem susceptibility on clinical isolates]. | we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at 459 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1988. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were performed at each hospital laboratory and the tests were carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: , ++, + and -. ipm had significantly high activity against st ... | 1990 | 2086814 |
| evaluation of bacto tb hydrolysis reagent (tween 80) for the identification of branhamella catarrhalis. | an investigation of the hydrolysis of tween 80 reagent by branhamella catarrhalis and related organisms (neisseria and moraxella species) revealed that only b. catarrhalis gave a positive result. a total of 226 strains, including reference organisms and clinical isolates, were studied. b. catarrhalis changed the color of the reagent from amber to pink-red after overnight incubation. we recommend this simple and cost-effective test as an alternative procedure to dnase testing or tributyrin hydrol ... | 1990 | 2105335 |
| cefaclor treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections caused by moraxella catarrhalis. | a retrospective analysis of data from 18 clinical studies was performed to examine the effectiveness and safety of cefaclor in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections caused by moraxella catarrhalis (previously called branhamella catarrhalis). eighty-six percent of 56 evaluable patients had improvement in their symptoms of infections following therapy with cefaclor. there were no serious or life-threatening adverse drug experiences reported by any patient. cefaclor appears ... | 1990 | 2105479 |
| [infections caused by branhamella catarrhalis]. | branhamella catarrhalis, formerly neisseria catarrhalis, is a common bacteriological finding in the upper respiratory tract in infancy, and it ranks third on the list of bacterial causes of otitis media and sinusitis. in adults branhamella catarrhalis may cause acute exacerbations of bronchitis and pneumonia, especially in patients with chronic lung disease. branhamella catarrhalis is being recognized more frequently as a nosocomial pathogen and it may cause septicaemia in immunocompromised pati ... | 1990 | 2106743 |
| antibodies against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis in middle ear effusion during early phase of acute otitis media. | serum type (igg, igm and iga-class) and secretory type antibodies specific to streptococcus pneumoniae (pn), haemophilus influenzae (hi) and branhamella catarrhalis (br) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 46 serum and 114 middle ear effusion (mee) samples from 85 children with acute otitis media (aom). the samples were obtained within 12 h from the onset of the ear symptoms. serum (but not secretory) type antibodies to the infecting pn serotype were found in 24% of the ... | 1990 | 2106760 |
| branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia with bacteremia in a pediatric patient with smoke inhalation. | branhamella catarrhalis, a common inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract, has been identified recently as a cause of lower airway infection. in this report we present a case of b. catarrhalis pneumonia and bacteremia in a child with smoke inhalation as the first description of invasive disease involving this organism in a traumatized airway. in addition, other pediatric cases of b. catarrhalis bacteremia are reviewed, suggesting immunocompromise as a risk factor. | 1990 | 2107181 |
| serological typing of branhamella catarrhalis strains on the basis of lipopolysaccharide antigens. | a total of 302 strains of branhamella catarrhalis from different parts of the world were serologically typed according to their lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigenicity. for this purpose, an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed using the following reagents: antisera raised against whole bacterial suspensions for a panel of 16 serotype strains and lps prepared from these strains by phenol extraction. antisera were absorbed with whole bacterial suspensions of the b. catarrhalis ... | 1990 | 2107197 |
| [a review of four cases of branhamella catarrhalis bacteremia in children]. | branhamella catarrhalis was recovered from one blood culture each from three infants and one neonate admitted to the trousseau hospital (paris) between 1986 and 1988. clinical features included fever in every case, otitis in three cases, pneumonia in two cases, diarrhea in one case, and enterocolitis in one case. all the strains were beta-lactamase producers. outcome was favorable in every case. the antimicrobial agent used was erythromycin in one case, amoxicillin in one case, and a third gener ... | 1990 | 2107783 |
| treatment of branhamella catarrhalis infections. | | 1990 | 2108111 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of human igg subclass antibodies directed against branhamella catarrhalis. | an elisa procedure to determine the distribution of human igg subclass antibodies directed against the gram-negative bacterium branhamella catarrhalis has been developed using commercially available monoclonal anti-igg subclass antibodies. using whole bacteria as coating antigen the specificity of the assay was determined and showed minimal cross-reactivity with a range of other bacteria. estimations of igg1, igg2, igg3, igg4 and total igg antibodies directed against this antigen were performed. ... | 1990 | 2109016 |
| in-vitro activity of ampicillin/sulbactam and other antibiotics against clinical isolates of haemophilus sp. and branhamella catarrhalis. | the ampicillin/sulbactam combination is one of several such drug combinations of a beta-lactam and suicide inhibitor having a wide spectrum of activity. these characteristics induced us to evaluate the in vitro activity of this combination towards 54 strains of haemophilus sp. (38 beta-lactamase producers) and 20 strains of branhamella catarrhalis (16 beta-lactamase producers). all strains were isolated from sputum, sinusal aspiration and tympanocentesis. in the case of haemophilus sp beta-lacta ... | 1990 | 2110245 |
| branhamella catarrhalis: a microbiologic and clinical update. proceedings of a symposium. houston, texas, september 15, 1989. | | 1990 | 2111086 |
| spectrum of disease due to branhamella catarrhalis in children with particular reference to acute otitis media. | for many years branhamella catarrhalis was regarded as a non-pathogenic inhabitant of the respiratory tract. this article outlines the spectrum of b. catarrhalis disease in childhood and the extent of the evidence for a pathogenic role of the organism. b. catarrhalis is a rare etiologic agent in septicemia, meningitis, and other systemic illness in both apparently normal and immunocompromised infants and children. it is an unusual cause of ophthalmia neonatorum, but can be confused with neisseri ... | 1990 | 2111087 |
| a descriptive study of 42 cases of branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia. | we studied the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with pneumonia due to moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis to better characterize the types of patients who develop this pneumonia, the clinical features of the illness, and the type of and response to drug therapy, as well as the immediate and long-term survival of these patients. | 1990 | 2111088 |
| antibody response to p-protein in patients with branhamella catarrhalis infections. | branhamella catarrhalis is now recognized as an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections, especially in the elderly. in most instances, pathogenicity is presumed by recovery of the organism in a sputum culture, a method that is less than conclusive. in order to better diagnose b. catarrhalis infections, an enzyme-linked immunoassay has been developed using p-protein as antigen to measure antibodies to b. catarrhalis. in 17 elderly patients with b. catarrhalis pneumonia and 12 with t ... | 1990 | 2111089 |
| a comparison of serum bactericidal activity and phenotypic characteristics of bacteremic, pneumonia-causing strains, and colonizing strains of branhamella catarrhalis. | four blood isolates, 12 pneumonia isolates, and seven colonizing isolates of branhamella catarrhalis were compared with respect to their ability to grow in normal human serum and in convalescent serum of a patient with b. catarrhalis bacteremia. disease-causing isolates showed seven of 16 serum-resistant strains (43 percent) compared with one of seven (13 percent) colonizing strains. bacteremic strains were not more serum-resistant than pneumonia-causing strains. trypsin zones of inhibition were ... | 1990 | 2111090 |
| branhamella catarrhalis: phenotypic characteristics. | purpose: this review provides a comprehensive description and discussion of recognized phenotypic characteristics of branhamella catarrhalis. an emphasis is placed on attributes of this organism that are relevant to its recovery and identification in the clinical microbiology laboratory. in addition, characteristics useful in determining strain identity for use in epidemiologic investigations are addressed. finally, factors are discussed that may account for the infection-causing potential of b. ... | 1990 | 2111091 |
| antibiotic susceptibilities and drug resistance in moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | to summarize current knowledge of drug susceptibility and mechanisms of drug resistance in moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | 1990 | 2111092 |
| respiratory infections caused by branhamella catarrhalis. selected epidemiologic features. | this work reviewed existing literature pertaining to the epidemiologic aspects of respiratory tract infections caused by branhamella catarrhalis, examined certain epidemiologic features of b. catarrhalis infections occurring at this facility, and identified relevant areas in need of further study. | 1990 | 2111094 |
| the changing pattern of antibiotic resistance of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | | 1990 | 2111274 |
| the changing pattern of antibiotic resistance of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | | 1990 | 2111274 |
| on branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia. | | 1990 | 2112238 |