| identification of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes. | identification of antimicrobial resistance genes is important for understanding the underlying mechanisms and the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance. as the costs of whole-genome sequencing (wgs) continue to decline, it becomes increasingly available in routine diagnostic laboratories and is anticipated to substitute traditional methods for resistance gene identification. thus, the current challenge is to extract the relevant information from the large amount of generated data. | 2012 | 22782487 |
| identification and biochemical characterization of an acid sphingomyelinase-like protein from the bacterial plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum that hydrolyzes atp to amp but not sphingomyelin to ceramide. | acid sphingomyelinase (asmase) is a human enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to generate the bioactive lipid ceramide and phosphocholine. asmase deficiency is the underlying cause of the genetic diseases niemann-pick type a and b and has been implicated in the onset and progression of a number of other human diseases including cancer, depression, liver, and cardiovascular disease. asmase is the founding member of the asmase protein superfamily, which is a subset of the metallo ... | 2014 | 25144372 |
| prediction of the origin of french legionella pneumophila strains using a mixed-genome microarray. | legionella is a water and soil bacterium that can infect humans, causing a pneumonia known as legionnaires' disease. the pneumonia is almost exclusively caused by the species l. pneumophila, of which serogroup 1 is responsible for 90% of patients. within serogroup 1, large differences in prevalence in clinical isolates have been described. a recent study, using a dutch legionella strain collection, identified five virulence associated markers. in our study, we verify whether these five dutch mar ... | 2013 | 23815549 |
| metal transport across biomembranes: emerging models for a distinct chemistry. | transition metals are essential components of important biomolecules, and their homeostasis is central to many life processes. transmembrane transporters are key elements controlling the distribution of metals in various compartments. however, due to their chemical properties, transition elements require transporters with different structural-functional characteristics from those of alkali and alkali earth ions. emerging structural information and functional studies have revealed distinctive fea ... | 2012 | 22389499 |
| metabolism of myo-inositol by legionella pneumophila promotes infection of amoebae and macrophages. | legionella pneumophila is a natural parasite of environmental amoebae and the causative agent of a severe pneumonia termed legionnaires' disease. the facultative intracellular pathogen employs a bipartite metabolism, where the amino acid serine serves as the major energy supply, while glycerol and glucose are mainly utilized for anabolic processes. the l. pneumophila genome harbors the cluster lpg1653 to lpg1649 putatively involved in the metabolism of the abundant carbohydrate myo-inositol (her ... | 2016 | 27287324 |
| contrasting effects of singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide on bacterial community composition in a humic lake. | light excitation of humic matter generates reactive oxygen species (ros) in surface waters of aquatic ecosystems. abundant ros generated in humic matter rich lakes include singlet oxygen ((1)o2) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). because these ros differ in half-life time and toxicity, we compared their effects on microbial activity ((14)c-leucine incorporation) and bacterial community composition (bcc) in surface waters of humic lake grosse fuchskuhle (north-eastern germany). for this purpose, exper ... | 2014 | 24667441 |
| detection of legionella bozemanae, a new cause of septic arthritis, by pcr followed by specific culture. | legionella bozemanae is a rare isolate in clinical specimens. we describe a case of joint infection due to l. bozemanae in an immunocompromised patient with dermatomyositis. without the use of pcr screening or culture on specialized medium, the organism would not have been detected. | 2012 | 23052316 |
| legionnaires' disease caused by legionella londiniensis. | legionella londiniensis has been isolated from aqueous environments. however, to our knowledge, this organism has never been isolated from clinical specimens. a case of legionnaires' disease in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient caused by this organism is described, which confirms that l. londiniensis can be an opportunistic pathogen. | 2012 | 23052303 |
| genome analysis of legionella pneumophila strains using a mixed-genome microarray. | legionella, the causative agent for legionnaires' disease, is ubiquitous in both natural and man-made aquatic environments. the distribution of legionella genotypes within clinical strains is significantly different from that found in environmental strains. developing novel genotypic methods that offer the ability to distinguish clinical from environmental strains could help to focus on more relevant (virulent) legionella species in control efforts. mixed-genome microarray data can be used to pe ... | 2012 | 23094048 |
| bronchiolitis outbreak caused by respiratory syncytial virus in southwest bangladesh, 2010. | during july 2010, newspapers reported a respiratory disease outbreak in southwestern bangladesh resulting in the admission of children to a secondary care hospital. we investigated this outbreak to determine the etiology and explore possible risk factors. | 2012 | 22938872 |
| structural basis for substrate recognition by a unique legionella phosphoinositide phosphatase. | legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen that causes sporadic and epidemic cases of legionnaires' disease. emerging data suggest that legionella infection involves the subversion of host phosphoinositide (pi) metabolism. however, how this bacterium actively manipulates pi lipids to benefit its infection is still an enigma. here, we report that the l. pneumophila virulence factor sidf is a phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate 3-phosphatase that specifically hydrolyzes the d ... | 2012 | 22872863 |
| comparison of the legionella pneumophila population structure as determined by sequence-based typing and whole genome sequencing. | legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen of humans where the source of infection is usually from contaminated man-made water systems. when an outbreak of legionnaires' disease caused by l. pneumophila occurs, it is necessary to discover the source of infection. a seven allele sequence-based typing scheme (sbt) has been very successful in providing the means to attribute outbreaks of l. pneumophila to a particular source or sources. particular sequence types described by this scheme ar ... | 2013 | 24364868 |
| development of a dna microarray method for detection and identification of all 15 distinct o-antigen forms of legionella pneumophila. | legionella is ubiquitous in many environments. at least 50 species and 70 serogroups of the gram-negative bacterium have been identified. of the 50 species, 20 are pathogenic, and legionella pneumophila is responsible for the great majority (approximately 90%) of the legionnaires' disease cases that occur. furthermore, of the 15 l. pneumophila serogroups identified, o1 alone causes more than 84% of the legionnaires' disease cases that occur worldwide. rapid and reliable assays for the detection ... | 2013 | 23974134 |
| identification and functional characterization of k(+) transporters encoded by legionella pneumophila kup genes. | legionnaires' disease is an emerging, severe, pneumonia-like illness caused by the gram-negative intracellular bacteria legionella pneumophila, which are able to infect and replicate intracellularly in macrophages. little is known regarding the mechanisms used by intracellular l. pneumophila for the acquisition of specific nutrients that are essential for bacterial replication. here, we investigate three l. pneumophila genes with high similarity to the escherichia coli k(+) transporters. these t ... | 2013 | 23848378 |
| identification and structural characterization of a legionella phosphoinositide phosphatase. | bacterial pathogen legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of legionnaires' disease, which is associated with intracellular replication of the bacteria in macrophages of human innate immune system. recent studies indicate that pathogenic bacteria can subvert host cell phosphoinositide (pi) metabolism by translocated virulence effectors. however, in which manner legionella actively exploits pi lipids to benefit its infection is not well characterized. here we report that l. pneumophila enco ... | 2013 | 23843460 |
| multiple legionella pneumophila type ii secretion substrates, including a novel protein, contribute to differential infection of the amoebae acanthamoeba castellanii, hartmannella vermiformis, and naegleria lovaniensis. | type ii protein secretion (t2s) by legionella pneumophila is required for intracellular infection of host cells, including macrophages and the amoebae acanthamoeba castellanii and hartmannella vermiformis. previous proteomic analysis revealed that t2s by l. pneumophila 130b mediates the export of >25 proteins, including several that appeared to be novel. following confirmation that they are unlike known proteins, t2s substrates ntta, nttb, and legp were targeted for mutation. ntta mutants were i ... | 2013 | 23429532 |
| regulation, integrase-dependent excision, and horizontal transfer of genomic islands in legionella pneumophila. | legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative freshwater agent which multiplies in specialized nutrient-rich vacuoles of amoebae. when replicating in human alveolar macrophages, legionella can cause legionnaires' disease. recently, we identified a new type of conjugation/type iva secretion system (t4ass) in l. pneumophila corby (named trb-tra). analogous versions of trb-tra are localized on the genomic islands trb-1 and trb-2. both can exist as an episomal circular form, and trb-1 can be transferred ... | 2013 | 23354744 |
| high prevalence, genetic diversity and intracellular growth ability of legionella in hot spring environments. | legionella is the causative agent of legionnaires' disease, and hot springs are a major source of outbreaks of this disease. it is important from a public health perspective to survey hot spring environments for the presence of legionella. | 2013 | 23527075 |
| computational modeling and experimental validation of the legionella and coxiella virulence-related type-ivb secretion signal. | legionella and coxiella are intracellular pathogens that use the virulence-related icm/dot type-ivb secretion system to translocate effector proteins into host cells during infection. these effectors were previously shown to contain a c-terminal secretion signal required for their translocation. in this research, we implemented a hidden semi-markov model to characterize the amino acid composition of the signal, thus providing a comprehensive computational model for the secretion signal. this mod ... | 2013 | 23382224 |
| identification of legionella spp. in environmental water samples by scanvit-legionella™ method in spain. | rapid and more sensitive methods for the detection and quantification of viable legionella cells have been developed. in this paper, a comparative analysis of environmental water samples using the scanvit-legionella™ method and the traditional "gold standard" method of culturing is realised indicating the usefulness of the scanvit method. the scanvit-legionella™ method was performed on environmental water samples from different locations of huesca region (spain). legionella micro-colonies should ... | 2013 | 24426100 |
| molecular diversity and high virulence of legionella pneumophila strains isolated from biofilms developed within a warm spring of a thermal spa. | several cases of legionellosis have been diagnosed in the same french thermal spa in 1986, 1994 and 1997. l. pneumophila serogroup 1 (lp1) strains have been isolated from several patients, but the source of contamination was not identified despite the presence of different lp1 in water samples of the three natural springs feeding the spa at this period. | 2013 | 23350929 |
| a new oligonucleotide microarray for detection of pathogenic and non-pathogenic legionella spp. | legionella pneumophila has been recognized as the major cause of legionellosis since the discovery of the deadly disease. legionella spp. other than l. pneumophila were later found to be responsible to many non-pneumophila infections. the non-l. pneumophila infections are likely under-detected because of a lack of effective diagnosis. in this report, we have sequenced the 16s-23s rrna gene internal transcribed spacer (its) of 10 legionella species and subspecies, including l. anisa, l. bozemanii ... | 2014 | 25469776 |
| comparative analyses of legionella species identifies genetic features of strains causing legionnaires' disease. | the genus legionella comprises over 60 species. however, l. pneumophila and l. longbeachae alone cause over 95% of legionnaires’ disease. to identify the genetic bases underlying the different capacities to cause disease we sequenced and compared the genomes of l. micdadei, l. hackeliae and l. fallonii (llap10), which are all rarely isolated from humans. | 2014 | 25370836 |
| gene flow in environmental legionella pneumophila leads to genetic and pathogenic heterogeneity within a legionnaires' disease outbreak. | legionnaires' disease is a severe form of pneumonia caused by the environmental bacterium legionella pneumophila. outbreaks commonly affect people with known risk factors, but the genetic and pathogenic complexity of l. pneumophila within an outbreak is not well understood. here, we investigate the etiology of the major legionnaires' disease outbreak that occurred in edinburgh, uk, in 2012, by examining the evolutionary history, genome content, and virulence of l. pneumophila clinical isolates. | 2014 | 25370747 |
| intragenic recombination has a critical role on the evolution of legionella pneumophila virulence-related effector sidj. | sidj is a dot/icm effector involved in the trafficking or retention of er-derived vesicles to legionella pneumophila vacuoles whose mutation causes an observable growth defect, both in macrophage and amoeba hosts. given the crucial role of this effector in l. pneumophila virulence we investigated the mechanisms shaping its molecular evolution. the alignment of sidj sequences revealed several alleles with amino acid variations that may influence the protein properties. the identification of hgt e ... | 2014 | 25299187 |
| the legionella longbeachae icm/dot substrate sidc selectively binds phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate with nanomolar affinity and promotes pathogen vacuole-endoplasmic reticulum interactions. | legionella spp. cause the severe pneumonia legionnaires' disease. the environmental bacteria replicate intracellularly in free-living amoebae and human alveolar macrophages within a distinct, endoplasmic reticulum (er)-derived compartment termed the legionella-containing vacuole (lcv). lcv formation requires the bacterial icm/dot type iv secretion system (t4ss) that translocates into host cells a plethora of different "effector" proteins, some of which anchor to the pathogen vacuole by binding t ... | 2014 | 25024371 |
| coexistence of legionella pneumophila bacteria and free-living amoebae in lakes serving as a cooling system of a power plant. | the study was aimed at determining whether potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae (fla) and legionella pneumophila can be found in lakes serving as a natural cooling system of a power plant. water samples were collected from five lakes forming the cooling system of the power plants pątnów and konin (poland). the numbers of investigated organisms were determined with the use of a very sensitive molecular method-fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). the result of the present study shows t ... | 2014 | 25132694 |
| implementing hospital-based surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections caused by influenza and other respiratory pathogens in new zealand. | recent experience with pandemic influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 highlighted the importance of global surveillance for severe respiratory disease to support pandemic preparedness and seasonal influenza control. improved surveillance in the southern hemisphere is needed to provide critical data on influenza epidemiology, disease burden, circulating strains and effectiveness of influenza prevention and control measures. hospital-based surveillance for severe acute respiratory infection (sari) cases was esta ... | 2014 | 25077034 |
| the bacterial aetiology of adult community-acquired pneumonia in asia: a systematic review. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a major cause of adult mortality in asia. appropriate empirical treatment depends on knowledge of the pathogens commonly responsible. however, assessing the aetiological significance of identified organisms is often difficult, particularly with sputum isolates that might represent contamination with oropharyngeal flora. | 2014 | 24781376 |
| legionellosis outbreak associated with a hotel fountain. | background. in august 2012, the chicago department of public health (cdph) was notified of acute respiratory illness, including 1 fatality, among a group of meeting attendees who stayed at a chicago hotel during july 30-august 3, 2012. suspecting legionnaires' disease (ld), cdph advised the hotel to close their swimming pool, spa, and decorative lobby fountain and began an investigation. methods. case finding included notification of individuals potentially exposed during july 16-august 15, 20 ... | 2015 | 26716104 |
| exploiting the ubiquitin and phosphoinositide pathways by the legionella pneumophila effector, sidc. | intracellular bacterial pathogens use secreted effector proteins to alter host cellular processes, with the goal of subverting host defenses and allowing the infection to progress. one such pathogen, legionella pneumophila, secretes ~300 proteins into its host to alter a number of pathways including intracellular trafficking, phosphoinositide metabolism, and cell signaling. the legionella effector sidc was previously found to bind to pi(4)p and was responsible for the enrichment of er proteins a ... | 2015 | 26433729 |
| exploiting the ubiquitin and phosphoinositide pathways by the legionella pneumophila effector, sidc. | intracellular bacterial pathogens use secreted effector proteins to alter host cellular processes, with the goal of subverting host defenses and allowing the infection to progress. one such pathogen, legionella pneumophila, secretes ~300 proteins into its host to alter a number of pathways including intracellular trafficking, phosphoinositide metabolism, and cell signaling. the legionella effector sidc was previously found to bind to pi(4)p and was responsible for the enrichment of er proteins a ... | 2015 | 26433729 |
| short-term and long-term survival and virulence of legionella pneumophila in the defined freshwater medium fraquil. | legionella pneumophila (lp) is the etiological agent responsible for legionnaires' disease, a potentially fatal pulmonary infection. lp lives and multiplies inside protozoa in a variety of natural and man-made water systems prior to human infection. fraquil, a defined freshwater medium, was used as a highly reproducible medium to study the behaviour of lp in water. adopting a reductionist approach, fraquil was used to study the impact of temperature, ph and trace metal levels on the survival and ... | 2015 | 26406895 |
| subversion of cell-autonomous immunity and cell migration by legionella pneumophila effectors. | bacteria trigger host defense and inflammatory processes, such as cytokine production, pyroptosis, and the chemotactic migration of immune cells toward the source of infection. however, a number of pathogens interfere with these immune functions by producing specific so-called "effector" proteins, which are delivered to host cells via dedicated secretion systems. air-borne legionella pneumophila bacteria trigger an acute and potential fatal inflammation in the lung termed legionnaires' disease. ... | 2015 | 26441958 |
| utility of pcr, culture, and antigen detection methods for diagnosis of legionellosis. | the goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate the performance of different diagnostic tests for legionnaires' disease in a clinical setting where legionella pneumophila pcr had been introduced. electronic medical records at the cleveland clinic were searched for legionella urinary antigen (uag), culture, and pcr tests ordered from march 2010 through december 2013. for cases where two or more test methods were performed and at least one was positive, the medical record was reviewed for rel ... | 2015 | 26292304 |
| effect of common drinking water disinfectants, chlorine and heat, on free legionella and amoebae-associated legionella. | chlorine and thermal treatments are the most commonly used procedures to control and prevent legionella proliferation in drinking water systems of large buildings. however, cases of legionellosis still occur in facilities with treated water. the purpose of this work was to model the effect of temperature and free chlorine applied in similar exposure conditions as in drinking water systems on five legionella spp. strains and two amoebal strains of the genera acanthamoeba. inactivation models obta ... | 2015 | 26241039 |
| legionellosis on the rise: a review of guidelines for prevention in the united states. | reported cases of legionellosis more than tripled between 2001 and 2012 in the united states. the disease results primarily from exposure to aerosolized water contaminated with legionella. | 2015 | 25203696 |
| dot/icm effector translocation by legionella longbeachae creates a replicative vacuole similar to that of legionella pneumophila despite translocation of distinct effector repertoires. | legionella organisms are environmental bacteria and accidental human pathogens that can cause severe pneumonia, termed legionnaires' disease. these bacteria replicate within a pathogen-derived vacuole termed the legionella-containing vacuole (lcv). our understanding of the development and dynamics of this vacuole is based on extensive analysis of legionella pneumophila. here, we have characterized the legionella longbeachae replicative vacuole (longbeachae-lcv) and demonstrated that, despite imp ... | 2015 | 26216429 |
| isothermal detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae directly from respiratory clinical specimens. | mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) across patient populations of all ages. we have developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay that enables rapid, low-cost detection of m. pneumoniae from nucleic acid extracts and directly from various respiratory specimen types. the assay implements calcein to facilitate simple visual readout of positive results in approximately 1 h, making it ideal for use in primary care facilities and resource-p ... | 2015 | 26179304 |
| the tetracycline destructases: a novel family of tetracycline-inactivating enzymes. | enzymes capable of inactivating tetracycline are paradoxically rare compared with enzymes that inactivate other natural-product antibiotics. we describe a family of flavoenzymes, previously unrecognizable as resistance genes, which are capable of degrading tetracycline antibiotics. from soil functional metagenomic selections, we discovered nine genes that confer high-level tetracycline resistance by enzymatic inactivation. we also demonstrate that a tenth enzyme, an uncharacterized homolog in th ... | 2015 | 26097034 |
| rash, disseminated intravascular coagulation and legionella: episode 10 and a rewind into the past. | legionella pneumophila is the most common cause of legionellosis and is one of the organisms causing atypical pneumonia. we report the presentation of disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) and skin rash in a single case of severe legionella pneumonia. the unique clinical presentation of a diffuse rash diagnosed as purpura fulminans and the unpredictable variations encountered during the diagnostic work-up of the case make this write-up crucial. this article synthesizes all reported cases ... | 2015 | 26236615 |
| microbiological and clinical studies of legionellosis in 33 patients with cancer. | legionella, a large group of environmental gram-negative bacteria, represents an occasional cause of pneumonia. we analyzed the microbiological and clinical features of 33 consecutive cases of legionella infections that occurred at the university of texas md anderson cancer center, houston, tx, from 2002 to 2014. the legionella strains were isolated from bronchoscopy specimens (32 strains) and a blood culture (1 strain) and were identified by sequencing analysis of the full-length 16s rrna gene. ... | 2015 | 25926494 |
| lpg0393 of legionella pneumophila is a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for rab5, rab21 and rab22. | legionella pneumophila, a human intracellular pathogen, encodes about 290 effector proteins that are translocated into host cells through a secretion machinery. some of these proteins have been shown to manipulate or subvert cellular processes during infection, but functional roles of a majority of them remain unknown. lpg0393 is a newly identified legionella effector classified as a hypothetical protein. through x-ray crystallographic analysis, we show that lpg0393 contains a vps9-like domain, ... | 2015 | 25821953 |
| diverse mechanisms of metaeffector activity in an intracellular bacterial pathogen, legionella pneumophila. | pathogens deliver complex arsenals of translocated effector proteins to host cells during infection, but the extent to which these proteins are regulated once inside the eukaryotic cell remains poorly defined. among all bacterial pathogens, legionella pneumophila maintains the largest known set of translocated substrates, delivering over 300 proteins to the host cell via its type ivb, icm/dot translocation system. backed by a few notable examples of effector-effector regulation in l. pneumophila ... | 2016 | 27986836 |
| mtor-driven metabolic reprogramming regulates legionella pneumophila intracellular niche homeostasis. | vacuolar bacterial pathogens are sheltered within unique membrane-bound organelles that expand over time to support bacterial replication. these compartments sequester bacterial molecules away from host cytosolic immunosurveillance pathways that induce antimicrobial responses. the mechanisms by which the human pulmonary pathogen legionella pneumophila maintains niche homeostasis are poorly understood. we uncovered that the legionella-containing vacuole (lcv) required a sustained supply of host l ... | 2016 | 27942021 |
| legionella shows a diverse secondary metabolism dependent on a broad spectrum sfp-type phosphopantetheinyl transferase. | several members of the genus legionella cause legionnaires' disease, a potentially debilitating form of pneumonia. studies frequently focus on the abundant number of virulence factors present in this genus. however, what is often overlooked is the role of secondary metabolites from legionella. following whole genome sequencing, we assembled and annotated the legionella parisiensis dsm 19216 genome. together with 14 other members of the legionella, we performed comparative genomics and analysed t ... | 2016 | 27904811 |
| presence and persistence of viable, clinically relevant legionella pneumophila bacteria in garden soil in the netherlands. | garden soils were investigated as reservoirs and potential sources of pathogenic legionella bacteria. legionella bacteria were detected in 22 of 177 garden soil samples (12%) by amoebal coculture. of these 22 legionella-positive soil samples, seven contained legionella pneumophila several other species were found, including the pathogenic legionella longbeachae (4 gardens) and legionella sainthelensi (9 gardens). the l. pneumophila isolates comprised 15 different sequence types (sts), and eight ... | 2016 | 27316958 |
| active and adaptive legionella crispr-cas reveals a recurrent challenge to the pathogen. | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats with crispr-associated gene (crispr-cas) systems are widely recognized as critical genome defense systems that protect microbes from external threats such as bacteriophage infection. several isolates of the intracellular pathogen legionella pneumophila possess multiple crispr-cas systems (type i-c, type i-f and type ii-b), yet the targets of these systems remain unknown. with the recent observation that at least one of these systems (ii-b ... | 2016 | 26936325 |
| determination of viable legionellae in engineered water systems: do we find what we are looking for? | in developed countries, legionellae are one of the most important water-based bacterial pathogens caused by management failure of engineered water systems. for routine surveillance of legionellae in engineered water systems and outbreak investigations, cultivation-based standard techniques are currently applied. however, in many cases culture-negative results are obtained despite the presence of viable legionellae, and clinical cases of legionellosis cannot be traced back to their respective con ... | 2016 | 26928563 |
| legionella pneumophila s1p-lyase targets host sphingolipid metabolism and restrains autophagy. | autophagy is an essential component of innate immunity, enabling the detection and elimination of intracellular pathogens. legionella pneumophila, an intracellular pathogen that can cause a severe pneumonia in humans, is able to modulate autophagy through the action of effector proteins that are translocated into the host cell by the pathogen's dot/icm type iv secretion system. many of these effectors share structural and sequence similarity with eukaryotic proteins. indeed, phylogenetic analyse ... | 2016 | 26831115 |
| live attenuated s. typhimurium vaccine with improved safety in immuno-compromised mice. | live attenuated vaccines are of great value for preventing infectious diseases. they represent a delicate compromise between sufficient colonization-mediated adaptive immunity and minimizing the risk for infection by the vaccine strain itself. immune defects can predispose to vaccine strain infections. it has remained unclear whether vaccine safety could be improved via mutations attenuating a vaccine in immune-deficient individuals without compromising the vaccine's performance in the normal ho ... | 2012 | 23029007 |
| survey of legionella species found in thai soil. | members of the gram-negative genus legionella are typically found in freshwater environments, with the exception of l. longbeachae, which is present in composts and potting mixes. when contaminated aerosols are inhaled, legionellosis may result, typically as either the more serious pneumonia legionnaires' disease or the less severe flu-like illness pontiac fever. it is presumed that all species of the genus legionella are capable of causing disease in humans. as a followup to a prior clinical st ... | 2012 | 22287969 |
| osteomyelitis of the patella caused by legionella anisa. | a 51-year-old man with a history of stage iv angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma was diagnosed with osteomyelitis of the patella. legionella anisa was identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing and culture. the patient had pneumonia 2 months prior to this osteomyelitis episode. l. anisa was retrospectively detected in his lung tissue by 16s rrna gene sequencing and was considered the source of the l. anisa that caused his patella osteomyelitis. | 2013 | 23761141 |
| draft genome sequence of the male-killing wolbachia strain wbol1 reveals recent horizontal gene transfers from diverse sources. | the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis causes diverse and sometimes dramatic phenotypes in its invertebrate hosts. four wolbachia strains sequenced to date indicate that the constitution of the genome is dynamic, but these strains are quite divergent and do not allow resolution of genome diversification over shorter time periods. we have sequenced the genome of the strain wbol1-b, found in the butterfly hypolimnas bolina, which kills the male offspring of infected hosts during embyronic developmen ... | 2013 | 23324387 |
| genomic diversification in strains of rickettsia felis isolated from different arthropods. | rickettsia felis (alphaproteobacteria: rickettsiales) is the causative agent of an emerging flea-borne rickettsiosis with worldwide occurrence. originally described from the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, recent reports have identified r. felis from other flea species, as well as other insects and ticks. this diverse host range for r. felis may indicate an underlying genetic variability associated with host-specific strains. accordingly, to determine a potential genetic basis for host speciali ... | 2014 | 25477419 |
| genomic diversification in strains of rickettsia felis isolated from different arthropods. | rickettsia felis (alphaproteobacteria: rickettsiales) is the causative agent of an emerging flea-borne rickettsiosis with worldwide occurrence. originally described from the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, recent reports have identified r. felis from other flea species, as well as other insects and ticks. this diverse host range for r. felis may indicate an underlying genetic variability associated with host-specific strains. accordingly, to determine a potential genetic basis for host speciali ... | 2014 | 25477419 |
| multiplex real-time pcr assay for detection and differentiation of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis. | rapid diagnosis of pertussis is important for the timely isolation of the infection source and early prevention measures among the contact persons, especially among non-vaccinated infants for whom pertussis is life-threatening. | 2014 | 25870746 |
| correlation between acrb trimer association affinity and efflux activity. | the majority of membrane proteins function as oligomers. however, it remains largely unclear how the oligomer stability of protein complexes correlates with their function. understanding the relationship between oligomer stability and activity is essential to protein research and to virtually all cellular processes that depend on the function of protein complexes. proteins make lasting or transient interactions as they perform their functions. obligate oligomeric proteins exist and function excl ... | 2014 | 24854514 |
| etiologies and resistance profiles of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia in cambodian and neighboring countries' health care settings: a systematic review (1995 to 2012). | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. etiological data for cambodia is scarce. we aimed to describe the main etiological agents causing cap, and their resistance patterns in cambodia and the greater mekong region. | 2014 | 24626053 |
| combined proteomic and transcriptomic interrogation of the venom gland of conus geographus uncovers novel components and functional compartmentalization. | cone snails are highly successful marine predators that use complex venoms to capture prey. at any given time, hundreds of toxins (conotoxins) are synthesized in the secretory epithelial cells of the venom gland, a long and convoluted organ that can measure 4 times the length of the snail's body. in recent years a number of studies have begun to unveil the transcriptomic, proteomic and peptidomic complexity of the venom and venom glands of a number of cone snail species. by using a combination o ... | 2014 | 24478445 |
| ards with septic shock due to legionella longbeachae pneumonia in a patient with polymyalgia rheumatica. | legionella longbeachae is a very uncommon cause of community acquired pneumonia in western countries. l. longbeachae does not grow on blood agar media and is usually not detected by sputum gram stain or blood culture. furthermore legionella urinary antigen testing fails to detect it. in this report we described a 79-year-old man with polymyalgia rheumatica under systemic corticosteroid treatment without other additional risk factors who developed a cultured-proven l. longbeachae community-acquir ... | 2014 | 25024993 |
| isolation and expression analysis of novel silicon absorption gene from roots of mangrove (rhizophora apiculata) via suppression subtractive hybridization. | silicon (si) is the second most abundant element in soil after oxygen. it is not an essential element for plant growth and formation but plays an important role in increasing plant tolerance towards different kinds of abiotic and biotic stresses. the molecular mechanism of si absorption and accumulation may differ between plants, such as monocotyledons and dicotyledons. silicon absorption and accumulation in mangrove plants are affected indirectly by some proteins rich in serine and proline amin ... | 2014 | 24516858 |
| cutaneous legionella longbeachae infection in immunosuppressed woman, united kingdom. | we report a rare case of cutaneous legionella longbeachae infection in a patient receiving long-term corticosteroids for immune thrombocytopenia. such infections cannot be identified by using legionella urinary antigen testing but are commonly seen after exposure to commercial potting compost, particularly in immunocompromised patients. | 2015 | 26197048 |
| two related occupational cases of legionella longbeachae infection, quebec, canada. | two patients with no exposure to gardening compost had related legionella longbeachae infections in quebec, canada. epidemiologic investigation and laboratory results from patient and soil samples identified the patients' workplace, a metal recycling plant, as the likely source of infection, indicating a need to suspect occupational exposure for l. longbeachae infections. | 2016 | 27314946 |
| analysis of bacterial communities associated with potting media. | potting media are commonly used by growers in different parts of the world for potted plants, raising seedlings and for improving soil characteristics. this study was conducted to characterize bacterial communities occurring in 13 commercial potting media products originating from seven countries. | 2016 | 26844021 |
| detection of novel chlamydiae and legionellales from human nasal samples of healthy volunteers. | chlamydiae are intracellular bacterial parasites of eukaryotes, ranging from amoebae to humans. they comprise many novel members and are investigated as emerging pathogens. environmental studies highlighted similarities between the ecologies of chlamydiae and legionellae, both groups being important agents of respiratory infections. herein, we analyzed nasal samples from healthy persons, searching for the presence of amoebae, chlamydiae and legionellae. from a total of 25 samples, we recovered b ... | 2015 | 25697709 |
| public health implications of acanthamoeba and multiple potential opportunistic pathogens in roof-harvested rainwater tanks. | a study of six potential opportunistic pathogens (acanthamoeba spp., legionella spp., legionella longbeachae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare) and an accidental human pathogen (legionella pneumophila) in 134 roof-harvested rainwater (rhrw) tank samples was conducted using quantitative pcr (qpcr). all five opportunistic pathogens and accidental pathogen l. pneumophila were detected in rainwater tanks except legionella longbeachae. concentrations ranged ... | 2016 | 27336236 |
| simultaneous detection of legionella species and l. anisa, l. bozemanii, l. longbeachae and l. micdadei using conserved primers and multiple probes in a multiplex real-time pcr assay. | legionnaires' disease is a severe respiratory disease that is estimated to cause between 8,000 and 18,000 hospitalizations each year, though the exact burden is unknown due to under-utilization of diagnostic testing. although legionella pneumophila is the most common species detected in clinical cases (80-90%), other species have also been reported to cause disease. however, little is known about legionnaires' disease caused by these non-pneumophila species. we designed a multiplex real-time pcr ... | 2016 | 27107536 |
| molecular diagnosis of legionella infections--clinical utility of front-line screening as part of a pneumonia diagnostic algorithm. | urinary antigen testing for legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 is the leading rapid diagnostic test for legionnaires' disease (ld); however other legionella species and serogroups can also cause ld. the aim was to determine the utility of front-line l. pneumophila and legionella species pcr in a severe respiratory infection algorithm. | 2016 | 26632328 |
| legionella longbeachae is immunologically silent and highly virulent in vivo. | legionella longbeachae (llo) and legionella pneumophila (lpn) are the most common pneumonia-causing agents of the genus. although both species can be lethal to humans and are highly prevalent, little is known about the molecular pathogenesis of llo infections. in murine models of infection, lpn infection is self-limited, whereas llo infection is lethal. | 2017 | 27932612 |
| environmental factors affecting the survival of soil dwelling legionella longbeachae in water. | legionella longbeachae, a causative agent of legionnaire's disease, has often been associated with potting soil and gardening, a feature quite distinct from other legionella species. the precise transmission mechanism is still unknown, although due to the ecological coherence of the soil and water there is a potential risk of infection by contaminated stagnant water in the garden. | 2016 | 27660867 |
| [molecular identification, phylogenic and virulence analysis of a legionella strain isolated from aquatic environment]. | cd-1 was isolated from aquatic environment, which grew with strict l-cysteine dependence. in this study, we applied molecular methods to identify cd-1, and animal test to understand its virulence. | 2012 | 22455131 |
| severe legionnaire's disease caused by legionella longbeachae in a long-term renal transplant patient: the importance of safe living strategies after transplantation. | legionella species are intracellular gram-negative bacilli that require specific culture media for growth. transplant recipients with impaired cellular immunity are at particular risk for infection with this pathogen. most human disease is caused by legionella pneumophila; disease caused by non-l. pneumophila species is reported mainly in immunosuppressed patients with the exception of legionella longbeachae. l. longbeachae is a common cause of legionnaires' disease in australia and new zealand, ... | 2012 | 22686947 |
| legionella spp. in uk composts--a potential public health issue? | over the past 5 years, a number of cases of legionellosis in scotland have been associated with compost use; however, studies investigating sources of infection other than water systems remain limited. this study delivers the first comprehensive survey of composts commonly available in the uk for the presence of legionella species. twenty-two store-bought composts, one green-waste compost and one home-made compost were tested for legionella by culture methods on bcye-α medium, and the findings w ... | 2014 | 24165476 |
| legionnaires' disease caused by legionella longbeachae in taiwan, 2006-2010. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of legionnaires' disease (ld) caused by legionella longbeachae in taiwan during 2006-2010. a total of six cases were identified prospectively, accounting for 1.6% of all laboratory-confirmed ld cases and 4.4% of culture-positive ld cases. all six cases occurred between april and august. the male to female ratio was 0.5. these six ld patients had a higher median age than those with ld due to legionella pneumophila. four of the six p ... | 2014 | 24269651 |
| cluster of legionnaires disease cases caused by legionella longbeachae serogroup 1, scotland, august to september 2013. | we report six confirmed cases of legionnaires' disease in scotland caused by legionella longbeachae serogroup 1, identified over a four-week period in august–september 2013. all cases required admission to hospital intensive care facilities. all cases were amateur gardeners with frequent exposure to horticultural growing media throughout their incubation period. l. longbeachae was identified in five samples of growing media linked to five cases. product tracing did not identify a common product ... | 2013 | 24342515 |
| ocular involvement in a patient with legionella longbeachae 1 infection. | | 2014 | 24650007 |
| compost and legionella longbeachae: an emerging infection? | human disease caused by legionella species is dominated by legionella pneumophila, the main causative agent in cases of legionnaires' disease. however, other species are known to cause infection, for example, legionella longbeachae causes an equivalent number of cases of disease as l. pneumophila in australia and new zealand. infection with l. longbeachae is commonly associated with exposure to composts and potting soils, and cases of infection with this organism have been increasing in europe o ... | 2015 | 26543151 |
| comparison of legionella longbeachae and legionella pneumophila cases in scotland; implications for diagnosis, treatment and public health response. | the reported incidence of legionnaires' disease caused by legionella longbeachae has increased since 2008 in scotland. while microbiological and epidemiological studies have identified exposure to growing media as a risk factor for infection, little is known about the differences regarding disease risk factors, clinical features and outcomes of infection with l. longbeachae when compared with l. pneumophila. a nested case-case study was performed comparing 12 l. longbeachae cases with 25 confirm ... | 2016 | 26704297 |
| a non-fatal pneumonia due to legionella longbeachae in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | | 2016 | 27068117 |
| legionnaires' disease caused by legionella longbeachae: clinical features and outcomes of 107 cases from an endemic area. | legionella longbeachae is a predominant cause of legionnaires' disease in some parts of the world, particularly in australasia. clinical reports of l. longbeachae infection are limited to case reports or small case series, and culture-confirmed cases. | 2016 | 27199169 |
| incorporating time-dose-response into legionella outbreak models. | a novel method was used to incorporate in vivo host-pathogen dynamics into a new robust outbreak model for legionellosis. dose-response and time-dose-response (tdr) models were generated for legionella longbeachae exposure to mice via the intratracheal route using a maximum likelihood estimation approach. the best-fit tdr model was then incorporated into two l. pneumophila outbreak models: an outbreak that occurred at a spa in japan, and one that occurred in a melbourne aquarium. the best-fit td ... | 2017 | 27228068 |