| diagnosis of canine leptospirosis by a highly sensitive fret-pcr targeting the lig genes. | canine leptospirosis is underdiagnosed due to its wide spectrum of clinical presentations and the lack of a rapid and sensitive test for the accurate diagnosis of acute and chronic infections. in this study, we developed a highly sensitive and specific fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret)-pcr to detect common pathogenic leptospires in dogs, including leptospira interrogans serovars autumnalis, canicola, copenhageni (icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup) and pomona, and leptospira kirschneri se ... | 2014 | 24586833 |
| genotypes of pathogenic leptospira spp isolated from rodents in argentina. | leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world and significant efforts have been made to determine and classify pathogenic leptospira strains. this zoonosis is maintained in nature through chronic renal infections of carrier animals, with rodents and other small mammals serving as the most important reservoirs. additionally, domestic animals, such as livestock and dogs, are significant sources of human infection. in this study, a multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis ... | 2014 | 24676656 |
| polyphasic analysis of a middle ages coprolite microbiota, belgium. | paleomicrobiological investigations of a 14(th)-century coprolite found inside a barrel in namur, belgium were done using microscopy, a culture-dependent approach and metagenomics. results were confirmed by ad hoc pcr--sequencing. investigations yielded evidence for flora from ancient environment preserved inside the coprolite, indicated by microscopic observation of amoebal cysts, plant fibers, seeds, pollens and mold remains. seventeen different bacterial species were cultured from the coproli ... | 2014 | 24586319 |
| epidemiology of leptospirosis in africa: a systematic review of a neglected zoonosis and a paradigm for 'one health' in africa. | leptospirosis is an important but neglected bacterial zoonosis that has been largely overlooked in africa. in this systematic review, we aimed to summarise and compare current knowledge of: (1) the geographic distribution, prevalence, incidence and diversity of acute human leptospirosis in africa; and (2) the geographic distribution, host range, prevalence and diversity of leptospira spp. infection in animal hosts in africa. | 2015 | 26368568 |
| the emergence of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar arborea in queensland, australia, 2001 to 2013. | leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease, with increasing frequency and severity of outbreaks, changing epidemiology of populations at risk, and the emergence of new serovars. environmental drivers of disease transmission include flooding, urbanisation, poor sanitation, changes in land use and agricultural practices, and socioeconomic factors. in queensland, human infection with leptosira borgpetersenii serovar arborea was first reported in 2001. this study aims to report the emergence of ... | 2015 | 26072306 |
| experimental hamster infection with a strain of leptospira borgpetersenii ballum isolated from a reservoir mouse in new caledonia. | leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis caused by pathogenic leptospira. in this study, we characterized the virulence of isolate b3-13s obtained from a wild mouse (mus musculus) captured in new caledonia, subsequently identified as a bacterium belonging to the l. borgpetersenii serogroup ballum. hamsters were infected with an intraperitoneal injection of 2 × 10(8) bacteria, resulting in severe histopathological organ damages consistent with tissue lesions previously observed with other strains. h ... | 2015 | 25758655 |
| high-resolution typing of leptospira interrogans strains by multispacer sequence typing. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis which is responsible for the typical form of weil's disease. the epidemiological surveillance of the leptospira species agent is important for host prevalence control. although the genotyping methods have progressed, the identification of some serovars remains ambiguous. we investigated the multispacer sequence typing (mst) method for genotyping strains belonging to the species leptospira interrogans, which is the main agent of leptospirosis worldwide. a tot ... | 2014 | 24478489 |
| distribution of plasmids in distinct leptospira pathogenic species. | leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic leptospira, is a worldwide zoonotic infection. the genus leptospira includes at least 21 species clustered into three groups--pathogens, non-pathogens, and intermediates--based on 16s rrna phylogeny. research on leptospira is difficult due to slow growth and poor transformability of the pathogens. recent identification of extrachromosomal elements besides the two chromosomes in l. interrogans has provided new insight into genome complexity of the genus leptosp ... | 2015 | 26555137 |
| leptospirosis infection in a homeless patient in december in tokyo: a case report. | we report a case of severe leptospirosis that occurred during winter in tokyo, the capital of japan. leptospirosis is endemic in tropical regions and extremely rare in the urban areas of japan. only six new cases were reported in tokyo in 2014. most leptospirosis cases reported in urban areas of japan were a result of occupational hazards, and there is no previous report of leptospirosis in a homeless patient in tokyo. we believe this report could provide a widened perspective about the clinical ... | 2015 | 26373626 |
| protective immunity and reduced renal colonization induced by vaccines containing recombinant leptospira interrogans outer membrane proteins and flagellin adjuvant. | leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by different leptospira species, such as leptospira interrogans, that colonize the renal tubules of wild and domestic animals. thus far, attempts to develop effective leptospirosis vaccines, both for humans and animals, have failed to induce immune responses capable of conferring protection and simultaneously preventing renal colonization. in this study, we evaluated the protective immunity induced by subunit vaccines containing seven different r ... | 2015 | 26108285 |
| predominant leptospiral serogroups circulating among humans, livestock and wildlife in katavi-rukwa ecosystem, tanzania. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease and a serious, under-reported public health problem, particularly in rural areas of tanzania. in the katavi-rukwa ecosystem, humans, livestock and wildlife live in close proximity, which exposes them to the risk of a number of zoonotic infectious diseases, including leptospirosis. | 2015 | 25806825 |
| draft genome of the leptospira interrogans strains, acegua, rca, prea, and capivara, obtained from wildlife maintenance hosts and infected domestic animals. | in the present paper, we announce new draft genomes of four leptospira interrogans strains named acegua, rca, prea, and capivara. these strains were isolated in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil, from cattle, dog, brazilian guinea pig, and capybara, respectively. | 2016 | 27074260 |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjoprajitno from a calf with clinical leptospirosis in chile. | although leptospira isolation has been reported in chilean cattle, only serological evidence of serovar hardjo bovis infection has been routinely reported. the present report provides characterization of the pathological presentation and etiology of a clinical case of leptospirosis in a calf from the los rios region in chile. | 2015 | 25888965 |
| efficacy of vaccination of cattle with the leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno component of a pentavalent leptospira bacterin against experimental challenge with leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis. | to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with the leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno component of a pentavalent leptospira bacterin against a virulent experimental challenge with leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis strain 203 in cattle. | 2012 | 22533408 |
| detection of brucellosis and leptospirosis in feral pigs in new south wales. | to determine the presence and estimate the prevalence of brucella suis, leptospira interrogans serovar pomona (hereafter l. pomona) and leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo (hereafter l. hardjo) in feral pigs culled in new south wales (nsw), australia. | 2014 | 24954403 |
| seroprevalence of leptospira hardjo in the irish suckler cattle population. | prior to the present study, the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in irish suckler herds was unknown. in this study, we describe the herd and animal-level prevalence of leptospira hardjo infection in the irish suckler cattle population. for the purposes of the study, the 26 counties of the republic of ireland were divided into 6 regions from which a representative number of herds were selected. a herd was considered eligible for sampling if it was not vaccinating against leptospirosis and if it co ... | 2012 | 22546216 |
| determination of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar javanica and leptospira interrogans serovar bataviae as the persistent leptospira serovars circulating in the urban rat populations in peninsular malaysia. | leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease of global significance, and is endemic in tropical countries, including malaysia. over the last decade, a dramatic increase of human cases was reported; however, information on the primary vector, the rat, and the leptospira serovars circulating among the rat population is limited. therefore, the present study was undertaken to isolate leptospira and characterise the serovars circulating in the urban rat populations from selected main cities in pen ... | 2016 | 26927873 |
| antibodies to a novel leptospiral protein, lruc, in the eye fluids and sera of horses with leptospira-associated uveitis. | screening of an expression library of leptospira interrogans with eye fluids from uveitic horses resulted in identification of a novel protein, lruc. lruc is located in the inner leaflet of the leptospiral outer membrane, and an lruc gene was detected in all tested pathogenic l. interrogans strains. lruc-specific antibody levels were significantly higher in eye fluids and sera of uveitic horses than healthy horses. these findings suggest that lruc may play a role in equine leptospiral uveitis. | 2012 | 22237897 |
| genome-scale computational biology and bioinformatics in australia. | | 2008 | 18769502 |
| serological and molecular survey of leptospira spp. among cart horses from an endemic area of human leptospirosis in curitiba, southern brazil. | cart horses are a re-emerging population employed to carry recyclable material in cities. | 2014 | 25351539 |
| p2cs: a two-component system resource for prokaryotic signal transduction research. | with the escalation of high throughput prokaryotic genome sequencing, there is an ever-increasing need for databases that characterise, catalogue and present data relating to particular gene sets and genomes/metagenomes. two-component system (tcs) signal transduction pathways are the dominant mechanisms by which micro-organisms sense and respond to external as well as internal environmental changes. these systems respond to a wide range of stimuli by triggering diverse physiological adjustments, ... | 2009 | 19604365 |
| identification of tenrec ecaudatus, a wild mammal introduced to mayotte island, as a reservoir of the newly identified human pathogenic leptospira mayottensis. | leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis of major concern on tropical islands. human populations on western indian ocean islands are strongly affected by the disease although each archipelago shows contrasting epidemiology. for instance, mayotte, part of the comoros archipelago, differs from the other neighbouring islands by a high diversity of leptospira species infecting humans that includes leptospira mayottensis, a species thought to be unique to this island. using bacterial culture, molecular ... | 2016 | 27574792 |
| multiplex nucleic acid amplification test for diagnosis of dengue fever, malaria, and leptospirosis. | dengue, leptospirosis, and malaria are among the most common etiologies of systemic undifferentiated febrile illness (ufi) among travelers to the developing world, and these pathogens all have the potential to cause life-threatening illness in returned travelers. the current study describes the development of an internally controlled multiplex nucleic acid amplification test for the detection of dengue virus (denv) and leptospira and plasmodium species, with a specific callout for plasmodium fal ... | 2014 | 24671788 |
| molecular epidemiology of pathogenic leptospira spp. in the straw-colored fruit bat (eidolon helvum) migrating to zambia from the democratic republic of congo. | the role played by bats as a potential source of transmission of leptospira spp. to humans is poorly understood, despite various pathogenic leptospira spp. being identified in these mammals. here, we investigated the prevalence and diversity of pathogenic leptospira spp. that infect the straw-colored fruit bat (eidolon helvum). we captured this bat species, which is widely distributed in africa, in zambia during 2008-2013. we detected the flagellin b gene (flab) from pathogenic leptospira spp. i ... | 2015 | 25791930 |
| risk factors for new infection with leptospira in meat workers in new zealand. | to evaluate risk factors for new infection with leptospira interrogans sv pomona and leptospira borgpetersenii sv hardjo in meat workers. | 2015 | 25520373 |
| evolution of the rnase p rna structural domain in leptospira spp. | we have employed the rnase p rna (rpr) gene, which is present as single copy in chromosome i of leptospira spp. to investigate the phylogeny of structural domains present in the rna subunit of the trna processing enzyme, rnase p. rpr gene sequences of 150 strains derived from ncbi database along with sequences determined from 8 reference strains were examined to fathom strain specific structural differences present in leptospiral rpr. sequence variations in the rpr gene impacted on the configura ... | 2014 | 25463388 |
| interpretation of microscopic agglutination test for leptospirosis diagnosis and seroprevalence. | determination of antibody titer by microscopic agglutination test (mat) has been used as a tool for leptospirosis diagnosis. four fold or greater rise in antibody titers between acute and convalescent sera suggests recent leptospira infection. in addition, results obtained by mat have been used to predict infecting serovars. however, cross reactivity among various leptospira serovars have been reported when patient sera were tested with a battery of leptospira serovars. this study demonstrates c ... | 2014 | 25183074 |
| the s-layer glycome-adding to the sugar coat of bacteria. | the amazing repertoire of glycoconjugates present on bacterial cell surfaces includes lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, lipooligosaccharides, exopolysaccharides, and glycoproteins. while the former are constituents of gram-negative cells, we review here the cell surface s-layer glycoproteins of gram-positive bacteria. s-layer glycoproteins have the unique feature of self-assembling into 2d lattices providing a display matrix for glycans with periodicity at the nanometer scale. typic ... | 2010 | 20871840 |
| leptospira seroprevalence and risk factors in health centre patients in hoima district, western uganda. | the burden of human leptospirosis in uganda is unknown. we estimated the seroprevalence of leptospira antibodies, probable acute/recent leptospirosis, and risk factors for seropositivity in humans in rural western uganda. | 2016 | 27487398 |
| the s-layer glycome-adding to the sugar coat of bacteria. | the amazing repertoire of glycoconjugates present on bacterial cell surfaces includes lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, lipooligosaccharides, exopolysaccharides, and glycoproteins. while the former are constituents of gram-negative cells, we review here the cell surface s-layer glycoproteins of gram-positive bacteria. s-layer glycoproteins have the unique feature of self-assembling into 2d lattices providing a display matrix for glycans with periodicity at the nanometer scale. typic ... | 2010 | 20871840 |
| characterization of leptospira borgpetersenii isolates from field rats (rattus norvegicus) by 16s rrna and lipl32 gene sequencing. | the main goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of leptospirosis among field rodents of tiruchirappalli district, tamil nadu, india. in total 35 field rats were trapped and tested for seroprevalence by the microscopic agglutination test (mat). isolation of leptospires was performed from blood and kidney tissues and characterized to serovar level. genomospecies identification was carried out using 16s rrna and lipl32 gene sequencing. the molecular phylogeny was constructed to find out ... | 2010 | 24031475 |
| the vitamin k-dependent carboxylase generates γ-carboxylated glutamates by using co2 to facilitate glutamate deprotonation in a concerted mechanism that drives catalysis. | the γ-glutamyl carboxylase converts glu to carboxylated glu (gla) to activate a large number of vitamin k-dependent proteins with diverse functions, and this broad physiological impact makes it critical to understand the mechanism of carboxylation. gla formation is thought to occur in two independent steps (i.e. glu deprotonation to form a carbanion that then reacts with co(2)), based on previous studies showing unresponsiveness of glu deprotonation to co(2). however, our recent studies on the k ... | 2011 | 21896484 |
| identification of differentially expressed proteins of arthrospira (spirulina) plantensis-yz under salt-stress conditions by proteomics and qrt-pcr analysis. | arthrospira (spirulina) platensis as a representative species of cyanobacteria has been recognized and used worldwide as a source of protein in the food, which possesses some unusual and valuable physiological characteristics, such as alkali and salt tolerance. based on complete genome sequencing of arthrospira (spirulina) plantensis-yz, we compared the protein expression profiles of this organism under different salt-stress conditions (i.e. 0.02 m, 0.5 m and 1.0 m nacl, respectively), using 2-d ... | 2013 | 23363438 |
| detection of asymptomatic renal leptospira infection in abattoir slaughtered cattle in southeastern georgia, united states. | leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic infectious diseases affecting humans and animals. several animal species, including cattle, can act as potential asymptomatic carriers facilitating zoonotic transmission of leptospira. this study was conducted to assess the occurrence of asymptomatic renal leptospira carriers among cattle slaughtered in southeastern georgia, united states. | 2014 | 26770734 |
| actionable diagnosis of neuroleptospirosis by next-generation sequencing. | a 14-year-old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency presented three times to a medical facility over a period of 4 months with fever and headache that progressed to hydrocephalus and status epilepticus necessitating a medically induced coma. diagnostic workup including brain biopsy was unrevealing. unbiased next-generation sequencing of the cerebrospinal fluid identified 475 of 3,063,784 sequence reads (0.016%) corresponding to leptospira infection. clinical assays for leptospirosis were neg ... | 2014 | 24896819 |
| cytokine and chemokine expression in kidneys during chronic leptospirosis in reservoir and susceptible animal models. | leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira. humans can be infected after exposure to contaminated urine of reservoir animals, usually rodents, regarded as typical asymptomatic carriers of leptospires. in contrast, accidental hosts may present an acute form of leptospirosis with a range of clinical symptoms including the development of acute kidney injury (aki). chronic kidney disease (ckd) is considered as a possible aki-residual sequela but little is known about t ... | 2016 | 27219334 |
| an effective approach for annotation of protein families with low sequence similarity and conserved motifs: identifying gdsl hydrolases across the plant kingdom. | the massive accumulation of protein sequences arising from the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing, coupled with automatic annotation, results in high levels of incorrect annotations. in this study, we describe an approach to decrease annotation errors of protein families characterized by low overall sequence similarity. the gdsl lipolytic family comprises proteins with multifunctional properties and high potential for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. the number of protein ... | 2016 | 26892257 |
| serological diagnosis of leptospirosis in bovine serum samples using a microsphere immunoassay. | leptospirosis causes significant economic loss within the cattle industry worldwide. current diagnostic methods are generally inadequate for dealing with large numbers of samples, are outdated, and provide little useful diagnostic and epidemiological information. this aim of this study was to apply a microsphere immunoassay (mia), utilising luminex xmap technology, to 200 bovine serum samples to determine this method's usefulness in leptospirosis diagnosis in comparison with the current gold sta ... | 2016 | 26835139 |
| a systematic survey of mini-proteins in bacteria and archaea. | mini-proteins, defined as polypeptides containing no more than 100 amino acids, are ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. they play significant roles in various biological processes, and their regulatory functions gradually attract the attentions of scientists. however, the functions of the majority of mini-proteins are still largely unknown due to the constraints of experimental methods and bioinformatic analysis. | 2008 | 19107199 |
| the first case in japan of severe human leptospirosis imported from vietnam. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis and common in tropical and subtropical areas with high rainfall. it should be noted as an imported infectious disease although it is sporadic in japan. some imported cases already have been reported in japan and these cases occurred mainly in southeast asia. the case discussed in this article is the first reported japanese case infected in vietnam. four days after returning back to japan after a two-week stay in the mountain area near hue, in the middle part ... | 2013 | 24505215 |
| effect of a monovalent vaccine against leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo strain hardjobovis on fertility in holstein dairy cattle. | to determine whether vaccination with a monovalent vaccine against leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo strain hardjobovis would improve reproductive efficiency in holstein cattle in a commercial dairy setting. | 2013 | 23683023 |
| genetic diversity of leptospira in northwestern colombia: first report of leptospira santarosai as a recognised leptospirosis agent. | the region of antioquia in northeastern colombia has the highest number of reported leptospirosis cases in the country. it also shows high seroprevalence indexes in the general population and socio-environmental conditions favourable for the transmission of the disease between humans and animals. in this study, 25 leptospira isolates from colombia's antioquia department were identified to the species level as l. santarosai (12), l. interrogans (9) and l. meyeri (4) using phylogenetic analysis of ... | 2016 | 27982303 |
| contribution of leptospira, neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhea virus to fetal loss of beef cattle in new zealand. | the profitability of beef breeding farms in new zealand depends principally on optimal reproductive performance. the aim of this study was to estimate the impact of four major pathogens, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), neospora caninum (n. caninum), leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo (hardjo), and leptospira interrogans serovar pomona (pomona), on rates of fetal loss in commercial beef breeding herds. farms reporting fetal loss were recruited, and a blood sample from aborting cows (cas ... | 2013 | 23932894 |
| comparative evaluation of recombinant ligb protein and heat-killed antigen-based latex agglutination test with microscopic agglutination test for diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis. | this study aimed to develop latex agglutination test (lat) using recombinant leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein (ligb) (rligb) antigen and compare its diagnostic efficacy with lat using conventional heat-killed leptospiral antigen and microscopic agglutination test (mat) in diagnosing bovine leptospirosis. the pcr-amplified 1053-bp ligb gene sequences from leptospira borgpetersenii hardjo serovar were cloned in pet 32 (a) vector at ecori and noti sites and expressed in bl21 e. coli cells as ... | 2015 | 26065562 |
| a serological survey of leptospiral antibodies in dogs in new zealand. | to investigate the prevalence of titres to four endemic leptospiral serovars in dog sera from the lower half of the north island, and the south island of new zealand submitted to diagnostic laboratories, and to explore the association between the prevalence of seropositive samples to leptospirosis and breed group, age group and sex. | 2013 | 23013160 |
| comparative analyses of transport proteins encoded within the genomes of leptospira species. | select species of the bacterial genus leptospira are causative agents of leptospirosis, an emerging global zoonosis affecting nearly one million people worldwide annually. we examined two leptospira pathogens, leptospira interrogans serovar lai str. 56601 and leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo-bovis str. l550, as well as the free-living leptospiral saprophyte, leptospira biflexa serovar patoc str. 'patoc 1 (ames)'. the transport proteins of these leptospires were identified and compared us ... | 2016 | 27296707 |
| etiological agents causing leptospirosis in sri lanka: a review. | to systematically review the etiological agent causing human leptospirosis in sri lanka. | 2016 | 27086159 |
| longitudinal serological survey and herd-level risk factors for leptospira spp. serovars hardjo-bovis and pomona on deer farms with sheep and/or beef cattle. | to investigate the seroprevalence of leptospira spp. serovars hardjo-bovis and pomona on deer and mixed deer, sheep and/or beef cattle farms in the lower north island of new zealand and to examine associations between putative risk factors for seropositive deer herds. | 2012 | 22506918 |
| prevalence of antibody to six leptospira servovars in swedish wild boars. | zoonotic leptospira bacteria are pathogens that may increase in importance with climate change. we investigated the prevalence of antibody to six leptospira serovars (sv) in the swedish wild boar (sus scrofa) population, which is increasing in number and geographic distribution. the serovars we selected cause disease in pigs or may be of use as sentinel serovars to measure the potential spread in swedish fauna. in total, 386 serum samples from wild boars collected between 2005 and 2007 were inve ... | 2012 | 22493129 |
| a comparative analysis of the attachment of leptospira interrogans and l. borgpetersenii to mammalian cells. | leptospirosis, the world's most ubiquitous zoonosis, is caused by pathogenic leptospira. as microbe-host interactions are specific in pathogenesis, it is likely that there are several molecules mediating the attachment of the leptospira to mammalian cells. in this study, we analysed the attachment of leptospira interrogans serovar portlandvere and leptospira borgpetersenii serovar jules to untreated hep-2 cells or hep-2 cells treated with the various enzymes, lectins or sugars and to integrins α ... | 2012 | 22409511 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo strain hardjobovis in the urine of naturally infected cattle in brazil. | most epidemiologic studies on bovine leptospirosis are based on serological tests that use antibodies against several serotypes, including the serovar hardjo, which is widespread and considered to be the most adapted to bovine hosts. however, using only serological studies is not sufficient to identify and distinguish species of leptospires. the aim of this study was report the first isolation in brazil of two strains serovar hardjo obtained in urine samples from naturally infected cows in a sma ... | 2016 | 26909976 |
| malagasy bats shelter a considerable genetic diversity of pathogenic leptospira suggesting notable host-specificity patterns. | pathogenic leptospira are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a disease of global concern with major impact in tropical regions. despite the importance of this zoonosis for human health, the evolutionary and ecological drivers shaping bacterial communities in host reservoirs remain poorly investigated. here, we describe leptospira communities hosted by malagasy bats, composed of mostly endemic species, in order to characterize host-pathogen associations and investigate their evolutionary hist ... | 2016 | 26902801 |
| multilocus sequence typing (mlst) of leptospiral strains isolated from two geographic locations of tamil nadu, india. | here the rodent carrier status for the transmission of human leptospirosis in tiruchirappalli, district, tamil nadu, india was assessed. the predominantly circulating leptospiral sts were recognized by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). a total of 113 rodents were trapped from different provinces of the tiruchirappalli district. the most prevalent rodent was bandicota bengalensis (37.2%), and of the total, 52.2% (n=59) rodents were found to be positive for leptospiral 16s rrna. these results wer ... | 2016 | 26577860 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of leptospira interrogans and leptospira borgpetersenii isolated from small feral and wild mammals in east asia. | leptospira spp. are the causative agents of a worldwide zoonosis, leptospirosis, maintained by various mammals. each leptospira serovar is frequently associated with a particular maintenance host, and recently, leptospira genotype-host association has also been suggested to limit serovars to restricted areas. we investigated the molecular characteristics of l. interrogans and l. borgpetersenii which were isolated from small feral and wild animals in four east asian states using multiple-locus va ... | 2015 | 26296603 |
| serological patterns, antibody half-life and shedding in urine of leptospira spp. in naturally exposed sheep. | to determine within-farm prevalence, longitudinal pattern of exposure measured by serology, antibody titre longevity and point prevalence of shedding in urine of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo and l. interrogans serovar pomona in naturally infected sheep on a sample of commercial farms in new zealand. | 2015 | 25966298 |
| interlaboratory and between-specimen comparisons of diagnostic tests for leptospirosis in sheep and cattle. | a study was performed to investigate interlaboratory test agreement between a research and a commercial veterinary diagnostic laboratory on blood and urine samples, and to investigate test agreement between blood, urine, and kidney samples (research laboratory) for leptospirosis diagnosis. samples were sourced from 399 sheep and 146 beef cattle from a local abattoir. interlaboratory agreement for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) results on urine samples was almost perfect ... | 2014 | 25292194 |
| risk of infection and associated influenza-like disease among abattoir workers due to two leptospira species. | the aims of this study were to determine the annual incidence of infection with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and/or leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo and its association with influenza-like illness (ili) in meat workers in new zealand. sera were collected twice, 50-61 weeks apart, from 592 workers at eight abattoirs slaughtering sheep (n = 4), cattle (n = 2) and deer (n = 2), and tested by the microscopic agglutination test for hardjo and pomona. forty-nine (8·3%) participants ei ... | 2015 | 25266854 |
| the emergence of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar arborea as the dominant infecting serovar following the summer of natural disasters in queensland, australia 2011. | the following research reports the emergence of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar arborea as the dominant infecting serovar following the summer of disasters and the ensuing clean up in queensland, australia during 2011. for the 12 month period (1 january to 31 december) l. borgpetersenii serovar arborea accounted for over 49% of infections. in response to a flooding event public health officials need to issue community wide announcements warning the population about the dangers of leptospirosis ... | 2014 | 25134896 |
| shedding and seroprevalence of pathogenic leptospira spp. in sheep and cattle at a new zealand abattoir. | a cross-sectional study was carried out on sheep and cattle slaughtered at a new zealand abattoir from september to november 2010 to investigate the supplier-specific shedding rate, renal carriage rate and seroprevalence of leptospires. in the 2008/2009 season, this abattoir experienced three human leptospirosis cases from 20 staff, of which two were hospitalized. urine, kidney and blood samples were collected from carcasses of 399 sheep (six suppliers, 17 slaughter lines) and 146 cattle (three ... | 2015 | 25043226 |
| neglected leptospirosis in raccoons (procyon lotor) in indiana, usa. | leptospirosis is a globally important zoonotic disease occurring clinically and subclinically in humans and animals. | 2014 | 24784701 |
| a cluster of three cases of leptospirosis in dairy farm workers in new zealand. | we report a cluster of three cases of leptospirosis on a new zealand dairy farm, with regard to clinical, laboratory, and environmental findings. the cluster is discussed against the annual incidence of leptospirosis in humans and cattle, and the vaccination of cattle as one means of preventing human cases on farms. | 2014 | 24481382 |
| recombinant lipl32 stimulates interferon-gamma production in cattle vaccinated with a monovalent leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo subtype hardjobovis vaccine. | leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo subtype hardjobovis (hardjobovis) is the main causative agent of bovine leptospirosis in australia, new zealand, north america and elsewhere. bovine leptospirosis can result in spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and reduced milk output. the organism is shed in the urine of infected animals and contact with contaminated materials can result in zoonotic infections in humans. protective immunity in cattle against hardjobovis involves stimulation of a th1 cell ... | 2014 | 24467929 |
| seroprevalence and exposure to risk factors for leptospirosis among veterinary students at massey university. | to determine the seroprevalence and quantify putative risk factors for exposure to leptospirosis both within and outside the veterinary curriculum among undergraduate veterinary students at massey university, new zealand. | 2014 | 24350827 |
| high virulence in hamsters of four dominant leptospira serovars isolated from rats in the philippines. | leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic species of leptospira. the aim of this study was to determine and characterize the pathogenicity of four dominant leptospira isolates prevailing among rats in the philippines. the isolates were leptospira interrogans serovar manilae strain k64, l. interrogans serovar losbanos strain k37, l. interrogans serovar ratnapura strain k5 and leptospira borgpetersenii serovar javanica strain k6. pathogenicities were studied using hamsters, which reproduce severe huma ... | 2014 | 24257815 |
| application of an integrated outbreak management plan for the control of leptospirosis in dairy cattle herds. | two outbreaks of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo infection in dairy cattle herds were managed through the application of enhanced biosecurity measures, whole-herd antibiotic treatment and vaccination. micro-agglutination test antibody titres were determined in paired serum samples at 3 weeks (t1: n = 125, 97% seropositivity, median 800, range 100-12 800) and 24 weeks (t2: n = 110, 88% seropositivity, median 200, range 100-6400) after vaccination and studied in relation to cows' age, her ... | 2014 | 23920354 |
| expansion of the in vitro assay for leptospira potency testing to other serovars: case study with leptospira hardjo. | evaluation of leptospiral vaccines for potency against leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, and grippotyphosa is accomplished using the hamster potency test method described in 9 cfr 113.101-104. applicability of this method to evaluation of bacterins developed for immunization against infection with l. interrogans serovar hardjo or leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo is complicated by several issues. information from research on target host animal efficacy ... | 2013 | 23838569 |
| immunity in heifers 12 months after vaccination with a multivalent vaccine containing a united states leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo isolate. | to evaluate immunity induced by a multivalent vaccine containing a us leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo bovis (lhb) isolate in heifers challenged 12 months after vaccination. | 2013 | 23683024 |
| identification of epitopes in leptospira borgpetersenii leucine-rich repeat proteins. | leptospirosis is considered to be a re-emerging disease that has impacts on public health both globally and in and thailand. the leptospires outbreak in thailand during 1999 was largely due to the etiologic agent leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup sejroe. this had a related immunity profile in cows from thailand, which serovars tarassovi and sejroe were prevalent. development of a vaccine protecting against leptospiral infection in livestock has been considered. one family of proteins being tar ... | 2013 | 23201041 |
| evaluation of 238 antigens of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo for protection against kidney colonisation. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease affecting animals and humans worldwide. leptospiral infection in cattle can cause reproductive failure and reduced weight gain, and importantly, infection represents a significant disease risk for farmers. current bacterin vaccines offer protection that is short-lived and restricted at best to related serovars. the development of protective vaccines that stimulate immunity across multiple leptospiral serovars would therefore be advantageous. this study used a ... | 2013 | 23176980 |
| molecular characterization by lssp-pcr and dna sequencing of a pathogenic isolate of leptospira interrogans from brazil. | we report the initial characterization of a leptospiral isolate, leptospira interrogans, serogroup sejroe, serovar hardjo, genotype hardjoprajitno, strain norma, and its relatedness with l. interrogans, serogroup sejroe, serovar hardjo, genotype hardjoprajitno, strain hardjo and leptospira borgpetersenii, serogroup sejroe, serovar hardjo, genotype hardjobovis, strain sponselee. the norma strain singled out during a leptospirosis outbreak in cattle immunized with antigens from the reference strai ... | 2012 | 23057087 |
| leptospira borgpetersenii from free-living white-eared opossum (didelphis albiventris): first isolation in brazil. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that occurs all over the world, caused by bacteria of the genus leptospira. marsupial and didelphidae families are considered susceptible to infection caused by a wide range of leptospira serovars for which they serve as reservoirs. thirty-three free-living white-eared opossums (didelphis albiventris) were captured in southern brazil and bodily fluids were collected. from the urine samples it was possible to obtain an isolate identified as leptospira borgpeter ... | 2012 | 22897870 |
| leptospirosis following a major flood in central queensland, australia. | throughout december 2010 and january 2011, queensland experienced widespread flooding due to unusually protracted and heavy rainfalls. in mid-january 2011, four individuals from a small community in central queensland were hospitalized with leptospirosis. a further five cases were subsequently identified from around central queensland, bringing the total to nine. microscopic agglutination testing found that serovar arborea (leptospira borgpetersenii serovar arborea) was presumptively responsible ... | 2013 | 22625176 |
| rapid maldi-tof mass spectrometry identification of leptospira organisms. | leptospirosis is a worldwide deadly zoonotic disease. accurate identification of the causative leptospira spp. spirochetes ascertains the pathogenic status of the isolates, identifies potential source of infection and recognises outbreaks. species identification is currently based on technically demanding, time and resources consuming serological and molecular methods. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) recently emerged as a first-line met ... | 2012 | 22386673 |
| continuous excretion of leptospira borgpetersenii ballum in mice assessed by viability quantitative polymerase chain reaction. | rodents are the main reservoir animals of leptospirosis. in this study, we characterized and quantified the urinary excretion dynamics of leptospira by mus musculus infected with 2 × 10(8) virulent leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup ballum. each micturition was collected separately in metabolic cages, at 12 time points from 7 to 117 days post-infection (dpi). we detected leptospira in all urine samples collected (up to 8 per time point per mouse) proving that leptospira excretion is continuous ... | 2017 | 28722586 |
| leptospira diversity in animals and humans in tahiti, french polynesia. | leptospirosis is a highly endemic bacterial zoonosis in french polynesia (fp). nevertheless, data on the epidemiology of leptospirosis in fp are scarce. we conducted molecular studies on leptospira isolated from humans and the potential main animal reservoirs in order to identify the most likely sources for human infection. | 2017 | 28658269 |
| molecular typing of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo isolates from leptospirosis outbreaks in brazilian livestock. | leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira spp. this zoonotic disease is distributed globally and affects domestic animals, including cattle. leptospira interrogans serogroup sejroe serovar hardjo and leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup sejroe serovar hardjo remain important species associated with this reproductive disease in livestock production. previous studies on brazilian livestock have reported that l. interrogans serovar hardjo is the most prevalent leptosp ... | 2017 | 28619055 |
| diversification of an emerging pathogen in a biodiversity hotspot: leptospira in endemic small mammals of madagascar. | biodiversity hotspots and associated endemism are ideal systems for the study of parasite diversity within host communities. here, we investigated the ecological and evolutionary forces acting on the diversification of an emerging bacterial pathogen, leptospira spp., in communities of endemic malagasy small mammals. we determined the infection rate with pathogenic leptospira in 20 species of sympatric rodents (subfamily nesomyinae) and tenrecids (family tenrecidae) at two eastern humid forest lo ... | 2014 | 24784171 |
| efficacy of a flexible schedule for administration of a leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo bacterin to beef calves. | to determine whether a flexible vaccination regimen provides protection against challenge exposure with a virulent leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo isolate. | 2014 | 24762025 |