| diagnostic value of proteins of three borrelia species (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) and implications for development and use of recombinant antigens for serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis in europe. | more and more assays for the serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis (lb) are based on recombinant antigens. however, so far, there is no consensus as to which are the most specific and sensitive proteins and how they should be used in combination to obtain tests with the best discrimination abilities. the present study was preceded by a detailed analysis of western blots (wb) using whole-cell lysates of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strain pka2, b. afzelii pko, and b. garinii pbi (u. hauser, g. ... | 1998 | 9665948 |
| comparative evaluation of nine different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for determination of antibodies against treponema pallidum in patients with primary syphilis. | nine different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) with a sonicate or recombinant proteins of treponema pallidum as antigen have been evaluated comparatively by testing 52 highly selected sera from patients with primary syphilis, all negative in the microhemagglutination test for t. pallidum (mha-tp). eight tests exhibited greater sensitivity (48.5 to 76.9%) than the commonly used venereal disease research laboratory test (44.2%). higher sensitivity could be related to (i) the volume and ... | 2000 | 10699042 |
| adherence to and penetration through endothelial cells by oral treponemes. | oral spirochetes were co-incubated with monolayers of endothelial cells seeded into multiwell plates or onto filters mounted in plastic chambers. attachment was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and scanning electron microscopy. invasiveness was determined by monitoring media beneath filters within chambers for spirochetes using darkfield microscopy. transmission electron microscopy was used to estimate intercellular and intracellular passage of spirochetes through monolayers. ... | 1999 | 10895695 |
| folate cross-feeding supports symbiotic homoacetogenic spirochetes. | treponema primitia, an h2-consuming co2-reducing homoacetogenic spirochete in termite hindguts, requires an exogenous source of folate for growth. tetrahydrofolate (thf) acts as a c1 carrier in co2-reductive acetogenesis, a microbially mediated process important to the carbon and energy requirements of termites. to examine the hypothesis that other termite gut microbes probably supply some form of folate to t. primitia in situ, we used a bioassay to screen for and isolate folate-secreting bacter ... | 2005 | 15812016 |
| papillomatous digital dermatitis spirochetes suppress the bovine macrophage innate immune response. | papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) is a polymicrobial infection in soft tissue adjacent to the hoof and is the leading cause of lameness in dairy cattle. treponema phagedenis-like (tpl) spirochetes are a constant feature of pdd lesions and are localized deep in infected tissue. host-cell response mechanisms to tpl spirochetes are poorly understood. to assess how bovine macrophages respond to cellular constituents of tpl spirochetes, changes in transcription were analyzed using serial analysi ... | 2007 | 17628359 |
| bactofilins, a ubiquitous class of cytoskeletal proteins mediating polar localization of a cell wall synthase in caulobacter crescentus. | the cytoskeleton has a key function in the temporal and spatial organization of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. here, we report the identification of a new class of polymer-forming proteins, termed bactofilins, that are widely conserved among bacteria. in caulobacter crescentus, two bactofilin paralogues cooperate to form a sheet-like structure lining the cytoplasmic membrane in proximity of the stalked cell pole. these assemblies mediate polar localization of a peptidoglycan synthase inv ... | 2010 | 19959992 |
| bactofilins, a ubiquitous class of cytoskeletal proteins mediating polar localization of a cell wall synthase in caulobacter crescentus. | the cytoskeleton has a key function in the temporal and spatial organization of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. here, we report the identification of a new class of polymer-forming proteins, termed bactofilins, that are widely conserved among bacteria. in caulobacter crescentus, two bactofilin paralogues cooperate to form a sheet-like structure lining the cytoplasmic membrane in proximity of the stalked cell pole. these assemblies mediate polar localization of a peptidoglycan synthase inv ... | 2010 | 19959992 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions in japan. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 23 treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) lesions in japan were investigated by a broth microdilution method using 15 antimicrobial agents. although all mic values showed a monomodal distribution, the mics of the antimicrobial agents for 90% (mic(90)) of the isolates tested varied among the agents examined. the mic(90) values for penicillin g, ampicillin, and erythromycin were <0 ... | 2010 | 19996562 |
| toll-like receptor cascade and gene polymorphism in host-pathogen interaction in lyme disease. | lyme disease (ld) risk occurs in north america and europe where the tick vectors of the causal agent borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are found. it is associated with local and systemic manifestations, and has persistent posttreatment health complications in some individuals. the innate immune system likely plays a critical role in both host defense against b. burgdorferi and disease severity. recognition of b. burgdorferi, activation of the innate immune system, production of proinflammatory cyt ... | 2016 | 27330321 |
| activation and proteolytic activity of the treponema pallidum metalloprotease, pallilysin. | treponema pallidum is a highly invasive pathogen that undergoes rapid dissemination to establish widespread infection. previous investigations identified the t. pallidum adhesin, pallilysin, as an hexxh-containing metalloprotease that undergoes autocatalytic cleavage and degrades laminin and fibrinogen. in the current study we characterized pallilysin's active site, activation requirements, cellular location, and fibrin clot degradation capacity through both in vitro assays and heterologous trep ... | 2012 | 22910436 |
| autoreactive t cells specific for insulin b:11-23 recognize a low-affinity peptide register in human subjects with autoimmune diabetes. | previous studies in type 1 diabetes (t1d) in the nonobese diabetic mouse demonstrated that a crucial insulin epitope (b:9-23) is presented to diabetogenic cd4 t cells by ia(g7) in a weakly bound register. the importance of antigenic peptides with low-affinity hla binding in human autoimmune disease remains less clear. the objective of this study was to investigate t-cell responses to a low-affinity self-epitope in subjects with t1d. hla-dq8 tetramers loaded with a modified insulin peptide design ... | 2014 | 25267644 |
| conserved streptococcus pneumoniae spirosomes suggest a single type of transformation pilus in competence. | the success of s. pneumoniae as a major human pathogen is largely due to its remarkable genomic plasticity, allowing efficient escape from antimicrobials action and host immune response. natural transformation, or the active uptake and chromosomal integration of exogenous dna during the transitory differentiated state competence, is the main mechanism for horizontal gene transfer and genomic makeover in pneumococci. although transforming dna has been proposed to be captured by type 4 pili (t4p) ... | 2015 | 25876066 |
| whole-flock, metaphylactic tilmicosin failed to eliminate contagious ovine digital dermatitis and footrot in sheep: a cluster randomised trial. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical success of whole-flock systemic tilmicosin and enhanced biosecurity in eliminating active contagious ovine digital dermatitis (codd) from sheep flocks. thirty flocks in the uk were randomly allocated to receive either treatment as usual (as per the farmer's normal routine) or whole-flock treatment with tilmicosin, together with isolation and extended treatment of clinically affected individuals and isolation and treatment of purchased sheep duri ... | 2016 | 27450091 |
| characterization of five novel brevibacillus bacteriophages and genomic comparison of brevibacillus phages. | brevibacillus laterosporus is a spore-forming bacterium that causes a secondary infection in beehives following european foulbrood disease. to better understand the contributions of brevibacillus bacteriophages to the evolution of their hosts, five novel phages (jenst, osiris, powder, sectim467, and sundance) were isolated and characterized. when compared with the five brevibacillus phages currently in ncbi, these phages were assigned to clusters based on whole genome and proteome synteny. powde ... | 2016 | 27304881 |
| a highly effective protocol for the rapid and consistent induction of digital dermatitis in holstein calves. | bovine digital dermatitis (dd) is a leading cause of lameness in dairy cattle. dd is reportedly increasing in prevalence in beef cattle feedlots of the us. the exact etiologic agent(s) responsible for the disease have yet to be determined. multiple studies have demonstrated the presence of a variety of treponema spp. within lesions. attempts to reproduce clinically relevant disease using pure cultures of these organisms has failed to result in lesions that mirror the morphology and severity of n ... | 2016 | 27119564 |
| in vitro susceptibility of contagious ovine digital dermatitis associated treponema spp. isolates to antimicrobial agents in the uk. | contagious ovine digital dermatitis (codd) is an important cause of infectious lameness in sheep in the uk and ireland and has a severe impact on the welfare of affected individuals. the three treponemal phylogroups treponema medium/treponema vincentii-like, treponema phagedenis-like and treponema pedis spirochaetes have been associated with clinical codd lesions and are considered to be a necessary cause of disease. there are scant data on the antimicrobial susceptibility of the treponemes cult ... | 2015 | 26482550 |
| a molecular epidemiology of treponemes in beef cattle digital dermatitis lesions and comparative analyses with sheep contagious ovine digital dermatitis and dairy cattle digital dermatitis lesions. | bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) is an infective foot disease commonly reported in dairy cattle where treponema are considered as the primary causative infectious agents. there still remains little definitive information on the etiology of bdd in beef cattle suggesting further investigations are warranted. beef bdd lesions (n=34) and healthy beef foot tissues (n=38) were analysed by pcr for three bdd-associated treponema phylogroups and also for dichelobacter nodosus and fusobacterium necrophorum ... | 2015 | 25937315 |
| potential bacterial core species associated with digital dermatitis in cattle herds identified by molecular profiling of interdigital skin samples. | although treponemes are consistently identified in tissue from bovine digital dermatitis (dd) lesions, the definitive etiology of this debilitating polymicrobial disease is still unresolved. to study the microbiomes of 27 dd-infected and 10 healthy interdigital skin samples, we used a combination of different molecular methods. deep sequencing of the 16s rrna gene variable regions v1-v2 showed that treponema, mycoplasma, fusobacterium and porphyromonas were the genera best differentiating the dd ... | 2016 | 27016768 |
| in-depth snapshot of the equine subgingival microbiome. | this study explored the range of bacterial taxa present within healthy subgingival (below the gum-line) niches in the horse oral cavity using 16s rrna gene amplicon pyrosequencing. pooled subgingival plaque samples were collected from approximately 200 sulcus sites from two horses (eq1, eq2) for analysis. a total of 14,260 quality-filtered pyrosequencing reads were obtained, which were assigned to 3875 operational taxonomic units (otus; 99% identity cut-off); 1907 otus for eq1 and 2156 otus for ... | 2016 | 26550763 |
| genetic analysis of a treponema phagedenis locus encoding antigenic lipoproteins with potential for antigenic variation. | digital dermatitis (dd) is a painful and debilitating claw disease in cattle. spirochetes of the genus treponema are found in high numbers in the lesions and are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis. the occurrence of treponema phagedenis in dd lesions, especially near the interface of healthy and diseased tissue, suggests that this species contributes to the development and/or progression of the lesions. in this study we characterized a genetic locus in t. phagedenis that contains coding r ... | 2016 | 27259832 |
| short communication: minimum bactericidal concentration of disinfectants evaluated for bovine digital dermatitis-associated treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes. | the bacterial spirochetes, treponema spp., are thought to be a major contributor to the etiology of bovine digital dermatitis (dd), a skin disease with worldwide economic impact. hoofbath strategies are commonly used in an attempt to control and prevent the development of dd and continuing research has been done to develop an optimal hoofbath strategy for this purpose. the aim of this study was to develop a protocol that can be used as part of the screening process for candidate hoofbath disinfe ... | 2013 | 23498015 |
| arbobacteria - pathogens transmittable by arthropods. | | 2009 | 21048822 |
| lyme borreliosis and skin. | lyme disease is a multisystem illness which is caused by the strains of spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and transmitted by the tick, ixodes. though very commonly reported from the temperate regions of the world, the incidence has increased worldwide due to increasing travel and changing habitats of the vector. few cases have been reported from the indian subcontinent too. skin manifestations are the earliest to occur, and diagnosing these lesions followed by appropriate treatment, can ... | 2013 | 23723463 |
| revisited: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infections in hard ticks (ixodes ricinus) in the city of hanover (germany). | the present study investigated the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) genospecies in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in hanover, northern germany, in 2010. at the same time the study served as fifth-year-follow-up study for data comparison with 2005. | 2014 | 25233844 |
| the structure of treponema pallidum tp0751 (pallilysin) reveals a non-canonical lipocalin fold that mediates adhesion to extracellular matrix components and interactions with host cells. | syphilis is a chronic disease caused by the bacterium treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. treponema pallidum disseminates widely throughout the host and extravasates from the vasculature, a process that is at least partially dependent upon the ability of t. pallidum to interact with host extracellular matrix (ecm) components. defining the molecular basis for the interaction between t. pallidum and the host is complicated by the intractability of t. pallidum to in vitro culturing and genetic mani ... | 2016 | 27683203 |