| cp-78,545, a new monocarboxylic acid ionophore antibiotic related to zincophorin and produced by a streptomyces. | a new monocarboxylic acid ionophore antibiotic related to zincophorin, cp-78,545 (1), was found in the culture broth of streptomyces sp. n731-45. cp-78,545 was extracted with organic solvents and purified by column chromatography. the metabolite, which is active in vitro against certain gram-positive bacteria, as well as the anaerobe treponema hyodysenteriae, and a coccidium eimeria tenella, was isolated as a water insoluble magnesium salt (2) in 2:1 (ligand/metal) stoichiometry. the structure o ... | 1989 | 2759903 |
| treponema innocens lipids and further description of an unusual galactolipid of treponema hyodysenteriae. | the lipids of treponema innocens, type strain b256, formerly considered a nonpathogenic isolate of t. hyodysenteriae, have been analyzed and compared with the lipids of t. hyodysenteriae. the lipids of t. innocens comprised 16% of the cell dry weight. polar lipids amounted to about two-thirds of the total lipids and consisted of 61.9% phospholipids and 38.1% glycolipid. neutral lipids consisted mainly of sterols. the phospholipids were principally phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and c ... | 1980 | 7410314 |
| typing of treponema hyodysenteriae by restriction endonuclease analysis. | restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) was used to type eight well-characterised strains of treponema hyodysenteriae originating from the u.k., canada and the u.s.a., and 16 isolates from cases of swine dysentery in western australia (w.a.). several of the w.a. isolates were also serotyped by the method of baum and joens (1979), and the two typing techniques were compared. rea typing was more discriminatory than serotyping, being able to distinguish strains within serotypes. the new technique w ... | 1989 | 2750076 |
| experimental transmission of treponema hyodysenteriae from mice to pigs. | transmission experiments with treponema hyodysenteriae were conducted with mice and pigs, using laboratory mice as the carrier host. mice were intragastrically inoculated with t hyodysenteriae and placed in a contact with nonexposed mice or healthy pigs. contact mice mingled with infected mice at 5 or 180 days after inoculation were shedding t hyodysenteriae in their feces 9 to 14 days after exposure. pigs exposed directly to infected mouse feces were shedding t hyodysenteriae in their feces aft ... | 1980 | 7447116 |
| use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of treponema hyodysenteriae infection in swine. | discriminate analysis was used to evaluate the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of anti-treponema hyodysenteriae antibodies in experimentally and naturally infected swine. in trial 1, 26 pigs were randomly divided into three groups (naturally infected, n = 8; experimentally infected, n = 11; and noninfected, n = 7), and samples were collected for 10 weeks. for trial 2, 31 pigs were randomly divided into two groups (naturally infected, n = 22; and noninfected, n = 7), a ... | 1989 | 2715317 |
| differentiation of treponema hyodysenteriae from t innocens by enteropathogenicity testing in the cf1 mouse. | fourteen isolates of treponema hyodysenteriae and 11 isolates of t innocens from eight different countries were evaluated in the cf1 strain female mouse for virulence. mice were fasted for 24 hours and inoculated intragastrically with 1 ml of culture for two consecutive days. mice were killed and necropsied at 12 to 15 days after inoculation. caecitis was detected in mice from each of the groups receiving t hyodysenteriae (67 per cent) but not in mice receiving t innocens or sterile broth. lesio ... | 1980 | 7467101 |
| purification and characterization of treponema hyodysenteriae hemolysin. | a hemolysin produced by treponema hyodysenteriae atcc27164 was purified from broth filtrates by acetic and (nh4)2so4 precipitations followed by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-sephacel and gel filtration using ultrogel aca44. the purified hemolysin displayed only one band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. by gel filtration the molecular weight was estimated as 74,000 daltons. the isolated hemolysin was oxygen resistant, heat labile and was not inactivated over a wide range ... | 1980 | 7470509 |
| characteristics of the interaction of a treponemal hemolysin with rabbit erythrocytes. | the mechanism of action on rabbit red cells of treponema hyodysenteriae hemolysin was studied using volume analysis and release of hemoglobin. while fixation of the hemolysin on the erythrocytes is temperature independent, it appears that hemolysis is temperature dependent. the kinetics of hemolysis proceed according to a sigmoid curve characterized by a prelytic lag. the duration of the prelytic lag varies inversely with the quantity of hemolysin but the rate and the maximum value of hemolysis ... | 1980 | 7470510 |
| survival of serpulina hyodysenteriae in an effluent lagoon. | to determine the survival of serpulina hyodysenteriae in an infected lagoon that received effluent from a confinement building housing swine dysentery-infected swine. | 1995 | 7493879 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against serpulina hyodysenteriae and s. innocens and their use in serotyping. | murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against serotypes 1, 2, 8, and 9 of serpulina hyodysenteriae and strain b256 of serpulina innocens were produced and characterized. a serological classification of 96 field strains of s. hyodysenteriae and 28 field strains of s. innocens isolated from pigs showing clinical signs of swine dysentery was performed by rapid dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with the mabs. the results indicated that the majority of the field strains of s. hyody ... | 1995 | 7494066 |
| distribution of the smpa gene from serpulina hyodysenteriae among intestinal spirochaetes. | forty intestinal spirochaete strains were investigated for nucleotide sequences related to the smpa locus from serpulina hyodysenteriae by southern hybridization of chromosomal dna using the smpa locus from s. hyodysenteriae strain p18a as a probe and by pcr using primers internal to the smpa gene. the intensity of the hybridization signal at high stringency and positive pcr results suggested that 12 s. hyodysenteriae strains possessed a similar nucleotide sequence. pcr was negative for another ... | 1995 | 7496514 |
| the use of 16s rdna sequence analysis to investigate the phylogeny of leptospiraceae and related spirochaetes. | the 16s rdna sequences from 15 leptospiraceae were determined by automated pcr-directed cycle sequencing. nucleotide comparisons, including those from published sequences for leptospira canicola moulton and serpulina spp., were used to construct phylogenetic trees. serpulina hyodysenteriae and s. innocens were related to each other but were distinct from the leptospiraceae comprising leptospira parva incertae sedis (turneria parva h), leptonema illini and leptospira spp. the pathogenic and the s ... | 1993 | 7506293 |
| characterization of the major outer membrane antigens of treponema hyodysenteriae. | outer membrane extracts of treponema hyodysenteriae were used to evaluate the antibody responses in immunized or convalescent pigs. western blot (immunoblot) analysis identified antibodies in sera reactive with 14- to 19-kilodalton (kda) antigens. reactivity against these antigens could be removed only by absorption of sera with butanol-water-extracted endotoxin from the homologous strain of t. hyodysenteriae. treatment of the outer membrane extracts with 0.1 m sodium meta-periodate, but not wit ... | 1988 | 2460406 |
| evaluation of different serological tests for detection of antibodies against serpulina hyodysenteriae in pig sera. | swine dysentery is a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease caused by s. hyodysenteriae. the detection of asymptomatic carriers in herds is possible by serological tests. however, cross-reactions between s. hyodysenteriae and s. innocens pose a major problem in serological diagnosis. several serological tests were evaluated for detection of antibodies to s. hyodysenteriae such as: indirect hemagglutination, passive hemolysis, conglutination and microagglutination tests. among the tests used, only the ... | 1995 | 7554822 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for lipooligosaccharide of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a contagious mucohemorrhagic disease of the colon. diagnosis of swine dysentery is extremely difficult because of the presence of cross-reactive antibodies to the proteins of s. hyodysenteriae and serpulina innocens, a nonpathogenic inhabitant of the porcine large intestine. therefore, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the serotype-specific lipooligosaccharide (los) antigens of s. hyodysenteriae were produced to r ... | 1995 | 7559965 |
| certain canine weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes are phenotypically and genotypically related to spirochetes associated with human and porcine intestinal spirochetosis. | four canine weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes associated with intestinal spirochetosis (is-associated wbhis) were compared with is-associated human and porcine wbhis and the type species for serpulina hyodysenteriae and s. innocens by using phenotypic and genotypic parameters. the is-associated canine, human, and porcine wbhis belonged to a phyletic group distinct from but related to previously described serpulina type species. | 1995 | 7559984 |
| diarrhea induced by treponema hyodysenteriae: a young chick cecal model for swine dysentery. | the experimental infection of 25 young chicks with treponema hyodysenteriae was carried out. treponemes were isolated from 21 of 25 chicks on day 21 after inoculation. the ceca of chicks infected with treponemes were atrophied. the lumen was filled with a white watery fluid instead of digested feed. in some infected chicks, a cecal core was observed with the fluid in the cecum. the cecal core was grayish, hard, and rod shaped. it consisted of eroded cells and debris of treponemes and resembled t ... | 1990 | 2205578 |
| dna probe and polymerase chain reaction procedure for the specific detection of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae, a gram-negative anaerobic spirochete, is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a mucohaemorrhagic diarrheal disease in which lesions are confined to the large intestine of pigs. a dna probe and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification procedures which are specific, rapid , and sensitive for the detection of s.hyodysenteriae have been developed. clone pf12 from a plasmid library of s.hyodysenteriae b204 genomic dna was identified as a clone specific fo ... | 1995 | 7603470 |
| growth of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae under iron-restricted conditions. | reference strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae expressed at least three iron-regulated proteins with apparent molecular masses of > 200, 134, and 109 kda when grown under iron-restricted conditions. cells of s. hyodysenteriae grown under these conditions also showed increased outer membrane bleb formation when examined by electron microscopy after negative staining. s. hyodysenteriae did not use the 2 most common types of siderophore, namely catechol and hydroxamate. western blotting with serum f ... | 1995 | 7648528 |
| the cytotoxic properties of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | examination of colonic enterocytes inoculate with pure culture of s. hyodysenteriae by phase-contrast microscopy revealed that only few spirochaetes adhere to epithelial cells. s. hyodysenteriae was observed to be highly motile, showed corkscrew-like movement which might suggest that bacteria were trying to penetrate and damaged the host cells. the pattern of motility provide evidence of a chemotaxis. supernatant of s.hyodysenteriae lysate were found to cause cte in cho, vero and pk-15 culture. ... | 1995 | 7660860 |
| expression of the smpa outer membrane lipoprotein of serpulina hyodysenteriae strain p18a in vivo. | an elisa has been developed using a monoclonal antibody (f325 ac4) to the smpa surface lipoprotein of serpulina hyodysenteriae strain p18a when grown in vitro. the lower level of detection of the elisa was approximately 5 x 10(6) spirochaetes/ml when spirochaetes were either resuspended in phosphate buffered saline or in pig faeces. when pigs were challenged with s. hyodysenteriae strain p18a the lipoprotein was detected in the faeces of pigs by elisa when the numbers of spirochaetes excreted wa ... | 1995 | 7667904 |
| tiamulin in drinking water for treatment and development of immunity to swine dysentery. | the diarrhea of swine dysentery receded in swine treated with 60 or 45 mg of tiamulin/l of drinking water (60 or 45 ppm). however, within 2 to 10 days (average 4.1 days) after drug withdrawal, diarrhea recurred. tiamulin (22.5 mg/l in drinking water) did not markedly reduce the diarrhea during medication, and tylosin (66 mg/l in the drinking water) was not effective. in swine treated with 120 mg of dimetridazole/l of drinking water, there was no recurrence of diarrhea. after the recurrence of di ... | 1986 | 3721965 |
| electron microscopic studies on the interaction between normal mice peritoneal phagocytes and treponema hyodysenteriae, treponema innocens and bacteroides vulgatus. | one hundred and twenty female mice (cf1 strain) were divided into three groups of 40. the first group was injected intraperitoneally with broth cultures of treponema hyodysenteriae. the second group was injected with a combination of t. hyodysenteriae and bacteroides vulgatus. the third group was injected with treponema innocens. peritoneal wash from four mice of each group was collected at eight time intervals postinjection, then prepared for and examined by light and electron microscopy. perit ... | 1986 | 3742364 |
| comparative study of the enzyme activities of borrelia burgdorferi and other non-intestinal and intestinal spirochaetes. | comparative analysis of the enzymatic profiles of 58 spirochaetal isolates clearly differentiated borrelias from leptospires, serpulinas and a treponeme. strains of both borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia hermsii characteristically produced significant amounts of leucine arylamidase. this enzyme activity was not unique to borrelias but was also detected amongst pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospira serovars. this fact, however, did not hamper a correct differentiation of borrelias from these s ... | 1995 | 7760753 |
| prophylactic effect of dietary zinc in a laboratory mouse model of swine dysentery. | reduced prevalence of diarrhea and mortality has been reported after dietary supplementation with zinc compounds in swine with naturally acquired colibacillosis and those challenge-exposed with serpulina hyodysenteriae; however, the usefulness of this approach for control of enteric diseases of swine remains to be determined. to examine the effect of dietary zinc-containing compounds on the colonization and development of cecal lesions associated with s hyodysenteriae infection, a defined diet a ... | 1995 | 7771701 |
| probable elimination of swine dysentery after feeding ronidazole, carbadox or lincomycin and verification by feeding sodium arsanilate. | swine dysentery did not recur during a nine week period after withdrawal of medication in swine fed ronidazole at a level of 60 parts per million of feed for ten weeks or fed either carbadox at 55 ppm or lincomycin at 110 ppm of feed for six weeks. during this period swine dysentery was neither transmitted to accompanying sentinels after the withdrawal of the above medication or was treponema hyodysenteriae isolated and cultured or observed in stained smears from rectal swabs and feces or from c ... | 1986 | 3742373 |
| effect of divalent cations on hemolysin synthesis by serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae: inhibition induced by zinc and copper. | serpulina hyodysenteriae produces an oxygen-stable heat-labile hemolysin that may be an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of swine dysentery. we examined the effect of ca2+, co2+, cu2+, fe2+, mg2+, mn2+, ni2+, and zn2+ on the hemolytic activity of cell-free supernatant (cfs) from s. hyodysenteriae, isolate b204. cells harvested from late logarithmic phase cultures were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline containing glucose and rna-core (pbs-gr) with or without cations and the hem ... | 1994 | 7801526 |
| isolation of extracytoplasmic proteins from serpulina hyodysenteriae b204 and molecular cloning of the flab1 gene encoding a 38-kilodalton flagellar protein. | extracytoplasmic proteins were released from serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae (strain b204) by treatment of whole cells with a nonionic detergent (tween 20). centrifugation of the tween 20-released proteins at 100,000 x g sedimented 10 major extracytoplasmic proteins with approximate molecular masses of 44, 43.5, 42, 39, 38, 34, 33.5, 33, 31, and 29 kda. treatment of the sedimented fraction with 6 m urea solubilized all of the proteins except the 39-kda protein. peptide sequences were obtain ... | 1995 | 7806350 |
| identification of a new intestinal spirochete with pathogenicity for chickens. | two intestinal spirochete isolates obtained from chickens with diarrhea were examined by electron microscopy, biochemical tests, rrna gene restriction pattern analysis, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. one isolate (strain 91-1207/c1) was pathogenicity tested in vivo in chickens. the chicken spirochetes were morphologically indistinguishable from serpulina innocens and serpulina hyodysenteriae and phenotypically similar to s. innocens. however, the chicken spirochetes could be distinguished ... | 1995 | 7822007 |
| serogroups of australian isolates of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | | 1994 | 7848186 |
| autoclaved liquid medium for propagation of treponema hyodysenteriae. | three liquid media that differ slightly in composition but not in the method of preparation were developed for the propagation of treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens. the three media are unique in that all components are sterilized by autoclaving before use. these media supported better growth of t. hyodysenteriae than did previously used liquid media. | 1986 | 3771757 |
| 3-acetyl-4''-isovaleryl tylosin for prevention of swine dysentery. | the 21 field isolates of treponema hyodysenteriae which were tested were sensitive to 3-acetyl-4''-isovaleryl tylosin (aiv); the minimal inhibitory concentration was 0.25 to 16 micrograms/ml. 3-acetyl-4''-isovaleryl tylosin administered prophylactically to pigs at concentrations of 5 to 100 mg/kg of feed and tylosin at 110 mg/kg of feed for 28 or 31 days prevented swine dysentery induced by tylosin-sensitive t hyodysenteriae strain sq2; 15 nonmedicated, inoculated control pigs had bloody diarrhe ... | 1986 | 3789492 |
| identification and characterization of serpulina hyodysenteriae by restriction enzyme analysis and southern blot analysis. | chromosomal dna restriction enzyme analysis and southern blot hybridization were used to characterize serpulina hyodysenteriae strains. when chromosomal dnas from selected strains (reference serotypes) of s. hyodysenteriae were digested with the restriction endonuclease sau3a and hybridized with a 1.1-kb s. hyodysenteriae-specific dna probe, a common 3-kb band was always detected in s. hyodysenteriae strains but was absent from serpulina innocens strains. when the chromosomal dna was digested wi ... | 1994 | 7914209 |
| production of an inducible sucrase activity by serpulina hyodysenteriae. | strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae and serpulina innocens produced a cell-associated sucrase activity when grown in a medium containing sucrose. s. hyodysenteriae b204 sucrase activity cleaved sucrose and, to a lesser extent, raffinose and had a ph optimum of 5.7 to 6.2. this is the first report of an inducible enzyme produced by either s. hyodysenteriae or s. innocens. | 1994 | 7944375 |
| erythrocytes as a source of essential lipids for treponema hyodysenteriae. | mammalian erythrocytes were tested as a nutrient source for the spirochete treponema hyodysenteriae, the etiologic agent of swine dysentery. brain heart infusion (bhi) broth did not support growth of t. hyodysenteriae b204 or b78. however, bhi broth supplemented with washed bovine erythrocytes, erythrocyte membranes, or cholesterol was an excellent culture medium for these strains (4 x 10(8) to 10(9) cells per ml, final population densities). small amounts of cholesterol (3 to 10 micrograms/ml o ... | 1987 | 3804437 |
| characterization of three putative serpulina hyodysenteriae hemolysins. | serpulina hyodysenteriae hemolysin is though to be an important virulence factor in swine dysentery. one gene, tlya, previously called tly, encoding a hemolysin in s. hyodysenteriae strain b204 has been characterized (muir et al. infect immun 1992; 60: 529-35). two other genes of s. hyodysenteria strain b204, designated tlyb and tlyc, encoding hemolytic proteins in escherichia coli strain dh5 alpha were cloned and sequenced. the tlyb and tlyc genes, when expressed in e. coli, encode heat-labile, ... | 1994 | 7968456 |
| evaluation of microagglutination test for differentiation between serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae and s. innocens and serotyping of s. hyodysenteriae. | swine dysentery is a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease caused by the anaerobic spirochete serpulina hyodysenteriae. at present, the serotyping is done by immunodiffusion testing with lipopolysaccharide (lps) extract as antigen and rabbit hyperimmune sera produced against different serotypes of s. hyodysenteriae. since the preparation of lps is time-consuming and requires a large quantity of bacteria, it is desirable to use a serotyping method which does not require the extraction of lps. in the ... | 1994 | 7989552 |
| chemotactic response to mucin by serpulina hyodysenteriae and other porcine spirochetes: potential role in intestinal colonization. | chemotaxis of porcine spirochetes towards a variety of mucins was measured quantitatively by a capillary method. a chemotaxis buffer consisting of 0.01 m potassium phosphate buffer (ph 7.0) and 0.2 mm l-cysteine hydrochloride was necessary for chemotaxis of spirochetes. the optimum incubation time and incubation temperature were 1 h and 40 degrees c, respectively. the mucin concentration also affected the chemotaxis observed, and a concentration of 1% (wt/vol) was near the optimum. virulent serp ... | 1994 | 8063433 |
| cholesterol metabolism by treponema hyodysenteriae. | the sterol content of cellular lipids of treponema hyodysenteriae, the agent of swine dysentery, was determined. when cultured in lipid-depleted brain heart infusion broth containing vesicles made from [4-14c]cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine, t. hyodysenteriae cells incorporated radioactive label. most (95%) of this radioactivity was associated with bacterial membrane preparations. lipids were extracted from radiolabeled cells and fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography. components ... | 1987 | 3804438 |
| genetic similarity of intestinal spirochetes from humans and various animal species. | the chromosomal dna of spirochetes isolated from human, swine, dog, mouse, rat, and chicken intestine or feces was subjected to restriction enzyme analysis and hybridization with three different dna probes, derived from a flagellin gene, a hemolysin gene, and the 16s rdna sequence of the pathogenic swine intestinal spirochete serpulina hyodysenteriae. this genetic analysis showed that intestinal spirochetes represent a heterogeneous but related population of bacteria. in general, unique genotype ... | 1993 | 8096218 |
| treponemycin, a nitrile antibiotic active against treponema hyodysenteriae. | two strains of streptomyces sp. (isolates 275 and 124) were isolated from soil samples collected from the fields around lewiston, idaho. based on their cellular morphology and physiology, the two isolates were identified as streptomyces albovinaceous. both isolates produced an antibiotic when grown in liquid culture medium containing homogenized oats. the antibiotic (treponemycin) was isolated from the culture broth by solvent extraction and purified by silica gel column and preparative thin-lay ... | 1985 | 3838636 |
| exacerbated onset of dysentery in swine vaccinated with inactivated adjuvanted serpulina hyodysenteriae. | after oral challenge exposure with serpulina hyodysenteriae-infected diced colon, fewer swine vaccinated with an experimental vaccine adjuvanted with mineral oil died (8 of 25 [32%]) than did nonvaccinated controls (6 of 15 [40%]), although the difference was not significant. however, onset and exacerbation of dysentery were accelerated in vaccinated swine because: 5 of the 8 dead vaccinated swine died before any of the nonvaccinates, which was significant (p < 0.01); vaccinated swine that died ... | 1994 | 8141499 |
| eradication of some infectious pig diseases by perinatal tiamulin treatment and early weaning. | from 10 days before the expected date of farrowing onwards, 97 sows infected by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and treponema hyodysenteriae were given tiamulin daily at a dosage of 20 mg/kg bodyweight via the feed. three days before farrowing the sows were washed with a disinfectant and transferred to an isolated farrowing house. the sucking piglets remained with their dams for five days, during which time the sows continued to receive the tiamulin-containing feed. the sucking piglets also received ti ... | 1985 | 3984171 |
| pathogenicity of porcine intestinal spirochetes in gnotobiotic pigs. | twelve intestinal spirochete strains of porcine origin were characterized on the basis of their phenotypic properties, by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and by pathogenicity testing in gnotobiotic pigs. the spirochetes used included two strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae (b204 and p18a), two strains of serpulina innocens (b256 and 4/71), one strain from the proposed new genus and species "anguillina coli" (p43/6/78), and seven non-s. hyodysenteriae strains recently isolated from united king ... | 1994 | 8188364 |
| 16 kda envelope proteins in non-serpulina hyodysenteriae spirochaetes isolated from pigs. | spirochaetes isolated from field samples of diarrhoea, 'colitis' and mucoid diarrhoea from pigs were examined by a series of cultural, biochemical and serological tests. in addition sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine whether the organisms possessed a 16 kda protein thought to distinguish serpulina hyodysenteriae from s innocens. spirochaetal isolates which differed culturally and biochemically from s hyodysenteriae were found to possess a 16 kda prot ... | 1993 | 8236639 |
| cross-reactivity between b. burgdorferi and other spirochetes affects specificity of serotests for detection of antibodies to the lyme disease agent in dogs. | western immunoblots, the kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (kela), and the microagglutination test were used to evaluate cross-reactivity among antibodies to serovars of leptospira interrogans (leptospiral serovars), and b. burgdorferi from naturally infected dogs, and to serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae from vaccinated rabbits. whole-cell lysates from borrelia spp., leptospiral serovars, and serpulina spp. were used for sds-page, western blots, and kela. crossreactivity occur ... | 1993 | 8236777 |
| a species-specific periplasmic flagellar protein of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | we have previously reported that a 46-kda protein present in an outer membrane protein preparation seemed to be a species-specific antigen of serpulina hyodysenteriae (z. s. li, n. s. jensen, m. bélanger, m.-c. l'espérance, and m. jacques, j. clin. microbiol. 30:2941-2947, 1992). the objective of this study was to further characterize this antigen. a western blot (immunoblot) analysis and immunogold labeling with a monospecific antiserum against this protein confirmed that the protein was presen ... | 1993 | 8253687 |
| identification and partial characterization of a group of weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes of swine distinct from serpulina innocens isolate b256. | comparative analyses of a group of 16 weakly beta-hemolytic spirochetes isolated from feces and mucosal scrapings of intestines of swine in the midwestern united states, and eastern canada revealed the existence of a phenotypically and genotypically related group of 7 isolates. although isolates in this group differed from all known reference isolates of intestinal spirochetes of swine, partial similarity was detected with s. joneseae isolate 16, a newly identified weakly beta-hemolytic intestin ... | 1993 | 8296452 |
| the role of hemolysin(s) in the pathogenesis of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae, an anaerobic beta hemolytic spirochaete, is the etiologic agent of swine dysentery. not much is known at present about the virulence factors of s. hyodysenteriae. however, the hemolysin production of this bacterium is generally accepted to be a virulence factor. to study the exact role of hemolysin production in the pathogenesis of swine dysentery, the gene encoding a hemolysin, tly, was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. after inactivation of th ... | 1993 | 8347935 |
| characterization of two dna probes specific for serpulina hyodysenteriae. | two dna probes, one 1.1- and one 0.75-kb probe, specific for serpulina hyodysenteriae were isolated from a genomic library generated from virulent s. hyodysenteriae 5380. these probes are highly specific and react with all s. hyodysenteriae strains tested. under stringent conditions, the dna probes did not react with the nonpathogenic species serpulina innocens or with other species of enteric bacteria, including escherichia coli. both probes are able to detect s. hyodysenteriae in colony blot h ... | 1993 | 8349750 |
| comparison of outer-membrane fractions of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | sarkosyl-insoluble fractions (outer-membrane proteins) and endoflagella (ef) fractions of serpulina hyodysenteriae serotypes 1-7 were examined for protein differences using sds-page. both the outer-membrane proteins (omp) and endoflagella were also examined for antigenicity using porcine sera from acutely infected and convalescent swine. seven major staining proteins were resolved in outer-membrane enriched fractions ranging in molecular weight between 42 and 32 kda. a comparison of purified ef ... | 1993 | 8362492 |
| genetic relationships between isolates of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae, and comparison of methods for their subspecific differentiation. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mee) was used to examine the extent of genetic diversity amongst 98 isolates of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. the species contained four major genetic divisions (a, b, c and d) and 29 electrophoretic types (ets). division d was relatively distinct, being separated from the other three divisions by fixed allelic differences at an average of 6.6 of 15 enzyme loci. electrophoretic differences were compared with results of dna restriction endonuclease analy ... | 1993 | 8383375 |
| molecular analysis of a flagellar core protein gene of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | the flab2 gene encoding a protein located in the core of the periplasmic flagella of serpulina hyodysenteriae was cloned and sequenced. the flab2 protein consists of 285 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of 31.1 kda. southern blot analysis indicated that at least one, and possibly two genes related to flab2 are present in the genome of s. hyodysenteriae. comparison of the amino acid sequence of flab2 to sequences present in data banks showed significant similarity with the core fla ... | 1993 | 8409912 |
| human intestinal spirochetes are distinct from serpulina hyodysenteriae. | twenty-nine intestinal spirochetes isolated from australian aboriginal children and six strains from italian adults (hrm1, -2, -4, -5, -7, and -14) were genetically examined at 15 enzyme loci by using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. results were compared with those previously obtained for 188 porcine intestinal spirochetes. dna from human strain hrm7 and porcine strain serpulina hyodysenteriae p18a were also radioactively labeled and hybridized with dna from 12 other human and porcine intesti ... | 1993 | 8417025 |
| molecular cloning, expression, and dna sequence analysis of the gene that encodes the 16-kilodalton outer membrane lipoprotein of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | the gene (smpa) that encodes the 16-kda outer membrane lipoprotein of serpulina hyodysenteriae was cloned in escherichia coli, and its primary structure was determined by nucleotide sequencing. the putative open reading frame encodes a prolipoprotein of 16.8 kda which in its fully acylated and cleaved form is 15.1 kda. analysis of the n-terminal amino acid sequence derived from the dna sequence revealed the presence of a signal sequence and a putative acylation and signal peptidase ii cleavage s ... | 1993 | 8432595 |
| experiences with a vaccine being developed for the control of swine dysentery. | a prototype vaccine that is being developed for the control of swine dysentery (sd) was tested in two groups of experimental pigs. vaccination induced high circulating antibody titres against the aetiological agent, serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. pigs in the first trial were vaccinated twice before being challenged orally with the bacteria. five of 6 unvaccinated animals developed dysentery within a fortnight of challenge, but only 1 of 6 vaccinated pigs showed signs of disease at this ti ... | 1993 | 8460983 |
| purification and characterization of nadh oxidase from serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | nadh oxidase (ec 1.6.99.3) was purified from cell lysates of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae b204 by differential ultracentrifugation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and chromatography on anion-exchange, dye-ligand-affinity, and size-exclusion columns. purified nadh oxidase had a specific activity 119-fold higher than that of cell lysates and migrated as a single band during denaturing gel electrophoresis (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [sds-page]). the enzyme wa ... | 1993 | 8491717 |
| identification of a novel group of serpulina hyodysenteriae isolates by using a lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | a monoclonal antibody to serpulina hyodysenteriae 8930 was produced and was used to probe pronase-treated cell lysates of s. hyodysenteriae isolates in immunblots. the results showed that the monoclonal antibody was specific for only five closely related s. hyodysenteriae isolates: 8930, 5380, 70a, rmit 88, and rmit 97. | 1993 | 8501237 |
| monitoring experimental swine dysentery: rectal swab blood test and serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae detection. | in two experiments, ten postweaning piglets were inoculated intragastrically with cultures of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae strain b204 and were individually monitored for swine dysentery. eight control animals received sterile culture medium. between the day of inoculation and 35 days later, rectal swab samples were assayed for fecal blood by means of a commercial test kit and for s. hyodysenteriae cells by direct (phase contrast) microscopy and selective culture methods. optimal detecti ... | 1993 | 8506612 |
| comparison of the fatty acid profiles of borrelia, serpulina and leptospira species. | fatty acid methyl ester (fame) derivatives were examined as a means of characterizing borrelia burgdorferi isolates and distinguishing them from other spirochaetes. analysis was performed using a gas liquid chromatography column in conjunction with microbial identification system (mis) software. reproducible fame profiles were produced which distinguished borrelia species, serpulina hyodysenteriae and leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. furthermore, the fame profiles of four recognized borrelia spec ... | 1993 | 8515244 |
| phenotypical characterisation of intestinal spirochaetes isolated from pigs. | a combined evaluation of the phenotypical properties of five serpulina type or reference strains and 163 swedish isolates of spirochaetes from pigs and two from birds was made. the porcine isolates were collected from herds with a history of dysentery or severe diarrhoea and from herds chosen at random. on the basis of beta-haemolysis, indole production, hippurate hydrolysis, and alpha-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucosidase activity, the isolates could be divided into four main gr ... | 1995 | 8525077 |
| swine dysentery: more unknown than known. | swine dysentery (sd) is an economically important disease. it is caused by the spirochete serpulina hyodysenteriae. in order to minimize the economic damage of sd, several methods to control this disease are recommended. whereas hygienic measures and use of antimicrobials are actually practised for prevention, detection and exclusion of carriers of s. hyodysenteriae and vaccination against the disease still needs further attention. the last two methods require reliable and sensitive diagnostic t ... | 1995 | 8560732 |
| new serotypes of treponema hyodysenteriae. | three isolates of pathogenic treponema hyodysenteriae, b8044, b6933, and ack 300/8, were serotyped by double immunodiffusion using lipopolysaccharide antigen and rabbit antiserum. the precipitation reactions of these three isolates were then compared with precipitin reactions from the reference strains of serotypes 1 through 4. the data indicated that b8044, b6933, and ack 300/8 share antigenic determinants with either serotype 1 or 2 or both. however, when the cross-reacting antibodies were rem ... | 1985 | 4031031 |
| mitomycin c induction of bacteriophages from serpulina hyodysenteriae and serpulina innocens. | a prophage was induced from cells of the pathogenic spirochaete serpulina hyodysenteriae using mitomycin c. five to seven hours after mitomycin c was added (8 micrograms/ml, final concentration) to s. hyodysenteriae b204 cultures in bhis broth (od620 = 0.9) cell lysis was detected as a decrease in culture optical density. bacteriophage particles attached to whole cells and to cell debris were detected by electron microscopic analysis of negatively stained (2% pta, ph 7.0) bacteria harvested by c ... | 1995 | 8593962 |
| ultrastructural characterization of colonic lesions in pigs inoculated with treponema hyodysenteriae. | twelve pigs were inoculated orally with pure cultures of treponema hyodysenteriae. pigs were necropsied at different time intervals postinoculation; colonic specimens were collected and prepared for light and electron microscopy. the earliest colonic lesion detected by electron microscopy consisted of superficial vascular congestion and dilatation, edema of the lamina propria and intercellular separation of the epithelial cells at the crypt shoulders. this lesion progressed to epithelial cell ne ... | 1985 | 4075238 |
| sensitivity of strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae isolated in hungary to chemotherapeutic drugs. | the sensitivity of 332 strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae isolated in hungary between 1978 and 1992 was tested against seven chemotherapeutic drugs frequently used for the treatment of swine dysentery, and the changes in the patterns of resistance were also monitored. all the strains remained sensitive to carbadox, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of only 0.05 to 0.40 microgram/ml at present. the susceptibility of the strains to dimetridazole has gradually decreased, but about half ... | 1996 | 8677605 |
| identification and characterization of genus-specific epitopes of serpulina species using monoclonal antibodies. | four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) designated as c9e8, a10, g12, and g8 which recognized both serpulina hyodysenteriae and s. innocens were produced and characterized. the mabs reacted with whole cell antigens in elisa, indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays. the mabs did not show any cross reactivity in rapid dot elisa or immunoblot assay with leptospira icterohemorrhagiae, campylobacter jejuni and escherichia coli. treatment of whole cell suspension with proteinase k and sodiu ... | 1996 | 8701579 |
| sensitivity of serpulina hyodysenteriae to tiamulin in the uk. | | 1996 | 8711890 |
| cell membrane permeability and mitochondrial dysfunction-inducing activities in cell-free supernatants from serpulina hyodysenteriae serotypes 1 and 2. | membrane permeability (mp) and mitochondrial dysfunction-inducing (mdi) activities were detected in cell-free supernatants (cfs) of serpulina hyodysenteriae, using either hemoglobin release from porcine red blood cells (rbc) or cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase release from porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl), and reduction of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye by porcine pbl. the mp and mdi activities of cfs correlated with each other for serotype 1 and ... | 1996 | 8800549 |
| characterization of predominant bacteria from the colons of normal and dysenteric pigs. | bacterial populations adherent to the mucosa of the proximal colons of weaned, healthy pigs were compared with populations from pigs with dysentery induced by inoculation with a culture of treponema hyodysenteriae. isolates (136) representative of the predominant flora adherent to colonic epithelia of normal pigs and isolates (162) from pigs with dysentery were cultured anaerobically on a rumen fluid-based medium and characterized. most (71%) of the isolates from colonic epithelia of normal pigs ... | 1984 | 6508310 |
| pathophysiology of swine dysentery: colonic transport and permeability studies. | net transport of electrolytes and water, unidirectional na+ and cl- fluxes, and mucosal permeability were examined in isolated colonic loops of control pigs and pigs infected with treponema hyodysenteriae. results indicated that all net ion and water absorption from the colon was abolished in infected pigs. this abolition of net absorption was almost exclusively the result of a decrease in the lumen-to-blood fluxes of na+ and cl-; the blood to lumen fluxes and mucosal permeability were essential ... | 1980 | 6780628 |
| differentiation of intestinal spirochaetes by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis and 16s rrna sequence comparisons. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mee) analysis and comparisons of nearly complete 16s rrna gene sequences (1416 nucleotide positions) were used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships among serpulina hyodysenteriae strain b78t, s. innocens strain b256t, brachyspira aalborgi strain 513at, and eight uncharacterised strains of swine, avian, and human intestinal spirochaetes. from mee analysis, nine strains could be assigned to five groups containing other intestinal spirochaetes (genetic distances ... | 1996 | 8869502 |
| production and characterisation of a monoclonal antibody to serpulina hyodysenteriae. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) directed against serpulina hyodysenteriae, the causative agent of swine dysentery, was produced and characterised. the mab (bjl/sh1) reacted in western blots with a protein with a molecular mass of about 30 kda in outer membrane preparations from a range of s. hyodysenteriae isolates of different serotypes. it did not react with preparations made from a variety of non-s. hyodysenteriae intestinal spirochaetes. immunogold labelling was used to confirm the location of t ... | 1996 | 8869504 |
| serotype-specific protection against treponema hyodysenteriae infection in ligated colonic loops of pigs recovered from swine dysentery. | resistance to treponema hyodysenteriae (serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4) infection was evaluated in ligated colonic loops in pigs recovered from swine dysentery. lesions were present in most loops from recovered swine inoculated with heterologous serotypes; however, lesions were not present in loops of recovered swine inoculated with homologous serotypes. | 1983 | 6822429 |
| dual flaa1 flab1 mutant of serpulina hyodysenteriae expressing periplasmic flagella is severely attenuated in a murine model of swine dysentery. | the motility imparted by the periplasmic flagella (pf) of serpulina hyodysenteriae is thought to play a pivotal role in the enteropathogenicity of this spirochete. the complex pf are composed of multiple class a and class b polypeptides. isogenic strains containing specifically disrupted flaal or flab1 alleles remain capable of expressing pf, although such mutants display aberrant motility in vitro. to further examine the role that these proteins play in the maintenance of periplasmic flagellar ... | 1996 | 8926083 |
| induction of interleukin (il)-1beta and il-8 mrna expression in porcine macrophages by lipopolysaccharide from serpulina hyodysenteriae. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a classic inducer of inflammatory cytokines and is a key virulence factor for most gram-negative pathogens. the effect of phenol-water (lps) and butanol-water (endotoxin) extracts from serpulina hyodysenteriae on inflammatory cytokine mrna expression from porcine alveolar macrophages was investigated. the lps and endotoxin extracts from s. hyodysenteriae induced a dose-dependent expression of interleukin 1beta (il-1beta) and il-8 which was weak compared with the respo ... | 1996 | 8926114 |
| enhanced isolation of serpulina hyodysenteriae by using sliced agar media. | a method has been developed for separating serpulina hyodysenteriae, a large spirochete and the causative agent of swine dysentery (sd), from other fecal anaerobic bacteria in rectal and colonic swabs. this was done by cutting the blood agar in parallel cuts and streaking perpendicular to the cuts in the center of the petri dish. migration of s. hyodysenteriae from the central streak was apparent by the presence of strong beta-hemolysis along the edges of the cuts. if only s. hyodysenteriae migr ... | 1996 | 8940426 |
| identification of the swine pathogen serpulina hyodysenteriae in rheas (rhea americana). | recently intestinal spirochetes were isolated from rheas in ohio and iowa with a necrotizing typhlocolitis. these intestinal spirochetes, strains r1 and niv-1, were characterized and compared with other intestinal spirochetes, including strains of s. hyodysenteriae. both rhea spirochetes were indole positive, strongly beta-hemolytic, grew under a 1% o2:99% n2 atmosphere, and were morphologically similar to spirochetes in the genus serpulina. analysis of rrna gene restriction patterns (ribotypes) ... | 1996 | 8972051 |
| isolation of treponema hyodysenteriae from wild rodents. | rodents from swine-producing farms were examined for the presence of treponema hyodysenteriae. wild mice (n = 257) and rats (n = 41) were trapped on eight farms. ceca were removed aseptically, and the contents and mucosal scrapings were cultured on selective medium (blood agar containing 400 micrograms of spectinomycin per ml). t. hyodysenteriae was detected in the cecal scrapings of four mice from three different farms where swine dysentery had occurred. gross lesions were detected in the ceca ... | 1982 | 7050159 |
| purification and characterization of vsh-1, a generalized transducing bacteriophage of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | serpulina hyodysenteriae b204 cells treated with mitomycin (20 microg of mitomycin/ml of culture broth) lysed and released bacteriophages. bacteriophage particles, precipitated by using polyethylene glycol and purified by csc1 density gradient ultracentrifugation, had a buoyant density of 1.375 g/cm3 and consisted of a head (45-nm diameter) and an ultrastructurally simple (noncontractile) tail (64 by 9 nm) composed of at least 13 proteins with molecular masses ranging between 13 and 101 kda. the ... | 1997 | 8990282 |
| characterization of serpulina hyodysenteriae isolates of serotypes 8 and 9 by random amplification of polymorphic dna analysis. | a pcr-based dna fingerprinting method termed rapd (random amplification of polymorphic dna), or ap-pcr (for arbitrary primed pcr) was used to detect sequence diversity among reference strains and isolates of serpulina hyodysenteriae. rapd fingerprinting of 20 s. hyodysenteriae isolates of serotypes 8 or 9 from quebec was generated with 2 different 10-base primers used independently. reference strains and field isolates belonging to serotypes 8 or 9 revealed polymorphisms in rapd fingerprints wit ... | 1996 | 9054126 |
| [mortality in sows caused by treponema hyodysenteriae]. | | 1982 | 7054924 |
| cell membrane permeability- and mitochondrial dysfunction-inducing activities in cell free supernatants from serpulina hyodysenteriae serotypes 1 and 2. | | 1997 | 9192022 |
| functional analysis of serpulina hyodysenteriae hemolysin lytic activity. | | 1997 | 9192025 |
| biological activity of a lipopolysaccharide extracted from treponema hyodysenteriae. | a lipopolysaccharide (lps) was obtained from pathogenic treponema hyodysenteriae by hot phenol-water extraction. various effects of the lps on host cells were examined in vitro. toxicity for mouse peritoneal macrophages was observed after 10 h of incubation at concentrations as low as 15 micrograms of the lps per ml. marked enhancement of both complement (c3) and immunoglobulin g-fc receptor-mediated internalization was noted in macrophages obtained from mice injected 6 days previously with 75 m ... | 1982 | 7107001 |
| the growth of treponema hyodysenteriae and other porcine intestinal spirochaetes in a liquid medium. | a new simple method for the preparation of a liquid medium containing rabbit serum for the propagation of treponema hyodysenteriae and other porcine intestinal spirochaetes is described. the medium, when dispensed in shallow layers and sealed under 10 per cent co2 in nitrogen, had a redox potential not greater than -125mv and an initial ph of about 6.9 when buffered with bicarbonate. growth of t hyodysenteriae developed more rapidly and viable counts reached higher levels at 42 degrees c than at ... | 1979 | 42126 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of lawsonia intracellularis, serpulina hyodysenteriae, and salmonellae in porcine intestinal specimens. | proliferative enteritis, swine dysentery, and porcine salmonellosis are the most common enteric bacterial diseases affecting pigs in the growing and finishing stages of production. currently, diagnoses of these diseases by standard cultural techniques of intestinal specimens can be laborious, time consuming, and expensive (swine dysentery, porcine salmonellosis) or impossible (proliferative enteritis). amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of dna sequences specific for each bacterial ... | 1997 | 9249167 |
| unification of the genera serpulina and brachyspira, and proposals of brachyspira hyodysenteriae comb. nov., brachyspira innocens comb. nov. and brachyspira pilosicoli comb. nov. | the phylogenetic positions of serpulina hyodysenteriae, serpulina innocens, serpulina pilosicoli and brachyspira aalborgi were studied. complete 16s ribosomal dna sequences of these three species and b. aalborgi revealed that their 16s rdna sequences were related more than 96.0%. the mol% guanine plus cytosine (g+c) of b. aalborgi dna was 27.1, and was similar to those of the 3 members of the genus serpulina. the homologous rates using 31p-labeled b. aalborgi chromosome dna in dna-dna reassociat ... | 1997 | 9251055 |
| characterization of flaa- and flab- mutants of serpulina hyodysenteriae: both flagellin subunits, flaa and flab, are necessary for full motility and intestinal colonization. | motility of serpulina hyodysenterlae is thought to play a pivotal role in the enteropathogenicity of this spirochete. to test this, a series of isogenic mutants containing specifically disrupted flagellar alleles (flaa1 and flab1) were constructed and examined for virulence and ability to colonize the intestinal tract of mice. mice challenged with the wild-type, parent strain showed a dose-related response to the challenge organism. in contrast, all flagellar mutant strains demonstrated aberrant ... | 1997 | 9252581 |
| structure-activity relationships of hygromycin a and its analogs: protein synthesis inhibition activity in a cell free system. | several analogs of hygromycin a were tested in an escherichia coli cell free protein synthesis inhibition assay and in a serpulina hyodysenteriae whole cell assay. the aminocyclitol moiety is essential for antibacterial activity in both cell free and whole cell assays. however a 4'-o-allyl ether of hygromycin a aglycone showed an equivalent mic to hygromycin a, while having a less potent ic50 in the cell free assay. hence 6-deoxy-5-keto-d-arabino-hexofuranose can be replaced by a hydrophobic all ... | 1997 | 9268009 |
| pathogenicity of serpulina hyodysenteriae: in vivo induction of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 by a serpulinal butanol/water extract (endotoxin). | lipopolysaccharide (lps) of gram-negative bacteria is a classic inducer of inflammatory cytokines. in the present experiments, lps-like (phenol/water extract) or endotoxin-like (butanol/water extract) preparations from serpulina hyodysenteriae were examined for their ability to induce serum tumor necrosis factor (tnf) or interleukin (il)-6 bioactivity in mice and swine. serpulina hyodysenteriae endotoxin (butanol/water extract) elicited increased serum tnf activity in mice, although serpulinal e ... | 1997 | 9281475 |
| alk-1-enyl ether phospholipids (plasmalogens) and glycolipids of treponema hyodysenteriae. analysis of acyl and alk-1-enyl moieties. | the lipids of treponema hyodysenteriae b78, the etiologic agent of swine dysentery, comprised 16.4% of the cell dry weight, and consisted of 37.4% glycolipids, 28.6% phospholipids, and 34.0% neutral lipids. monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, a major lipid in all treponema except treponema pallidum, comprised 80% of the glycolipids. an unidentified galactolipid less polar than monogalactosyldiacylglycerol was also detected. phosphatidylglycerol (19.5% of the total lipids) was the major phospholipid. p ... | 1980 | 7378438 |
| outer membrane-associated serine protease of intestinal spirochetes. | pathogenic intestinal spirochetes cause damage to the intestinal mucosa of humans and animals by an unknown mechanism. the purpose of this study was to assess the pathogenic intestinal spirochetes serpulina hyodysenteriae, serpulina pilosicoli, and brachyspira aalborgi and the non-pathogenic commensal intestinal spirochetes serpulina innocens and treponema succinifaciens for protease activity. a partially heat stable, subtilisin-like, serine protease was identified in the outer membrane of all s ... | 1997 | 9297834 |
| sub-specific differentiation of intestinal spirochaete isolates by macrorestriction fragment profiling. | macrorestriction fragment profile analysis by pfge was used to distinguish intestinal spirochaetes, some of which were isolated from cases of swine dysentery and intestinal spirochaetosis in humans, pigs, mice, chickens and dogs. macrorestriction fragment profiles using smai and sacii restriction enzymes were produced and used in statistical analysis. this permitted the division of the isolates into two major clusters. one cluster contained isolates which were identified as serpulina pilosicoli ... | 1997 | 9308176 |
| induction of gross and microscopic lesions of porcine proliferative enteritis by lawsonia intracellularis. | to evaluate experimental induction of porcine proliferative enteritis (ppe), using cell cultured lawsonia intracellularis (ileal symbiont intracellularis), and to determine whether dexamethasone administration or age of the host or both affects susceptibility to l intracellularis infection. | 1997 | 9328666 |
| swine dysentery. comparison of experimental diseases produced by infection with colonic mucosa or with treponema hyodysenteriae, french strains, and of "natural" disease. | oral inoculation of colonic mucosa scrapings and intestinal contents of animals affected with swine dysentery, or of pathogenic strains of treponemia hyodysenteriae, as well as spontaneous contamination in infected pens caused in average swine dysentery to appear in 359 out of 409 spf piglets. the morbidity is high irrespective of the method of contamination: after pen contamination, 75 out of 83 piglets were dysenteric; after only one ingestion of contaminated matter, 265 out of 280 animals wer ... | 1980 | 7436331 |
| a comparative study of spirochaetes from the porcine alimentary tract. | strains of treponema hyodysenteriae capable of inducing swine dysentery in specific pathogen-free pigs were compared with other spirochaetes from the porcine alimentary tract by biochemical and serological tests and by electrophoresis of their proteins. carbohydrate fermentation and esculin hydrolysis were similar in all the spirochaetes. indole was produced by t. hyodysenteriae and by some of the other spirochaetes. analysis of the fatty acids produced from glucose showed a difference between t ... | 1981 | 7462601 |
| characterization of serpulina hyodysenteriae isolates of serotypes 8 and 9 from quebec by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting and ribotyping. | this study was undertaken to assess the discriminatory value of restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (ref) analysis and ribotyping of 21 serpulina hyodysenteriae isolates of serotypes 8 and 9. for ref analysis, dnas were digested with the bglii restriction enzyme and the resultant fragments were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. for ribotyping, hybridization of bglii genomic fragments with a probe of rrnb operon using an escherichia coli rdna probe was performed on all isolates ... | 1994 | 7534207 |
| specific detection of serpulina hyodysenteriae and potentially pathogenic weakly beta-haemolytic porcine intestinal spirochetes by polymerase chain reaction targeting 23s rdna. | a 2470-bp section of the 23s ribosomal dna from serpulina hyodysenteriae and five biochemically different groups of weakly beta-haemolytic porcine intestinal serpulina strains was sequenced. the similarity between the sequenced strains was high (96.85% to 99.84%). a phylogenetic tree was estimated by the maximum likelihood method. the sequenced strains formed three groups. serpulina hyodysenteriae and biochemical group ii ('s. intermedius') formed a cluster, but 20 nucleotide positions were diff ... | 1997 | 9375296 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism of the periplasmic flagellar flaa1 gene of serpulina species. | forty-one reference and field isolates of intestinal spirochetes representing serpulina hyodysenteriae, serpulina innocens, serpulina pilosicoli, brachyspira aalborgi, and nonclassified weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes were compared by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the periplasmic flagellar (pf) flaa1 gene. six genetically distinct groups (i through vi), each with a unique rflp fingerprint pattern, were identified by southern blotting analysis of ecorv chromosoma ... | 1997 | 9384289 |