| chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of anethole-rich oil from leaves of selected varieties of fennel [foeniculum vulgare mill. ssp. vulgare var. azoricum (mill.) thell]. | the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oils obtained from the leaves of two different cultivars of florence fennel cropped under three different fertilization treatments (control not fertilized; mineral fertilization; compost from municipal solid wastes) have been analyzed. all the oils were characterized by high anethole concentration and some showed also a good percentage of limonene. thus, the leaves of florence fennel, which are agricultural wastes, could be used f ... | 2013 | 23933237 |
| activities of apiaceae essential oils against armyworm, pseudaletia unipuncta (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | essential oils (eos) from four apiaceae species and 11 pure compounds were evaluated for their antifeedant, growth inhibitory, and insecticidal activities against pseudaletia unipuncta (lepidoptera: noctuidae) fourth-instar larvae. eos from foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare var. vulgare, anethum graveolens , petroselinum crispum , and cuminum cyminum were characterized by gas-chromatography (gc) and mass spectrometry. anti-insect activity varied according to plant specie/composition, type, and e ... | 2013 | 23865423 |
| effects of foeniculum vulgare ethanol extract on osteogenesis in human mecenchymal stem cells. | osteoporosis or silent disease is a major bone disorder in elderly women in current century. estrogen has an important role in osteogenesis and prevention of bone fractures. hormone replacement therapy (hrt) is usually accompanied by such effects as breast and ovary cancers. thus, there is an increasing demand for replacement with plant phytoestrogens. this study is focused on determining the effects of foeniculum vulgare extract on proliferation and osteogenesis progress in human mesenchymal st ... | 2013 | 25050267 |
| phytotoxicity and stimulatory impacts of nanosized and bulk titanium dioxide on fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill). | the objective of the this study was to compare concentrations of nanosized tio2 at 0, 5, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg l(-1) with bulk tio2 for phytotoxic and stimulatory effects on fennel seed germination and early growth stage. after 14 d of seed incubation, germination percentage highly improved following exposure to 60 ppm nanosized tio2. similar positive effects occurred in terms of shoot dry weight and germination rate. application of bulk tio2 particles in 40 ppm concentration greatly decreased sh ... | 2013 | 23357866 |
| medicinal properties of foeniculum vulgare mill. in traditional iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy. | foeniculum vulgare mill. (f. vulgare), commonly known as fennel, is a popular medicinal plant with various pharmacological activities mentioned in traditional iranian medicine (tim) and modern phytotherapy such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, bronchodilatory, estrogenic, diuretic, lithontripic, galactogogue, emmenagogue, antithrombotic, hypotensive, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, memory enhancing, and antimutagenic activities. no serious adverse events were reco ... | 2013 | 23275017 |
| ultrasonic nebulisation extraction: extraction column coupled with liquid phase microextraction for analysis of the volatile organic compounds in foeniculum vulgare mill. as a model. | as the concentrations of the volatile organic compounds are always low and their matrix is complex, it is necessary to pre-concentrate the volatile organic compounds before analysis. ultrasonic nebulisation extraction with a self-made extraction column coupled with liquid phase microextraction is developed for the extraction of active constituents from spices. | 2013 | 23108694 |
| genetic diversity study of some medicinal plant accessions belong to apiaceae family based on seed storage proteins patterns. | cumin (cuminum cyminum l.), fennel (foeniculum vulgare l.) and longleaf (falcaria vulgaris bernh) that all belong to apiaceae family as medicinal plants are very important in many countries. study of genetic diversity for medicinal plant is important for researches in future. one of the methods to evaluate plant genetic diversity and classification of them is the electrophoresis of seed storage proteins. this research was conducted in order to evaluate seed protein variability in different irani ... | 2012 | 23086265 |
| depolymerized carrageenan ameliorates growth, physiological attributes, essential oil yield and active constituents of foeniculum vulgare mill. | irradiated carrageenan (ic) elicits an array of plant defense responses and biological activities in plants. an experiment was carried out in the naturally illuminated conditions of net house in order to assess the effects of foliar spray of ic on agricultural performance of fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.), which is a high-value essential oil bearing medicinal crop used in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. there were applied four ic concentrations (40, 60, 80 and 100 mg l(-1)) as f ... | 2012 | 24751059 |
| can estragole in fennel seed decoctions really be considered a danger for human health? a fennel safety update. | fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.) mature fruit (commonly known as seeds) and essential oil of fennel are widely used as flavoring agents in food products such as liqueurs, bread, cheese, and an ingredient of cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. moreover fennel infusions are the classical decoction for nursing babies to prevent flatulence and colic spasm. traditionally in europe and mediterranean areas fennel is used as antispasmodic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, secretomotor, secret ... | 2012 | 22899959 |
| inhibition of aldose reductase and anti-cataract action of trans-anethole isolated from foeniculum vulgare mill. fruits. | foeniculum vulgare fruits are routinely consumed for their carminative and mouth freshening effect. the plant was evaluated for aldose reductase inhibition and anti-diabetic action. bioguided fractionation using silica gel column chromatography, hplc, and gc-ms analysis revealed trans-anethole as the bioactive constituent possessing potent aldose reductase inhibitory action, with an ic50 value of 3.8μg/ml. prolonged treatment with the pet ether fraction of the f. vulgare distillate demonstrated ... | 2012 | 26434305 |
| phenolic compounds from foeniculum vulgare (subsp. piperitum) (apiaceae) herb and evaluation of hepatoprotective antioxidant activity. | the study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the 80% methanolic extract as well as the ethyl acetate (etoac) and butanol (buoh) fractions of the wild fennel (foeniculum vulgare (subsp; piperitum)) and cultivated fennel (f. vulgare var. azoricum). in addition, quantification of the total phenolic content in the 80% methanol extract of fennel wild and cultivated herbs is measured. | 2012 | 22518082 |
| [antioxidant effects of the uygur herb, foeniculum vulgare mill, in a rat model of hepatic fibrosis]. | to evaluate therapeutic and antioxidant effects of uygur herb foeniculum vulgare mill (fvm) in hepatic fibrosis rats. | 2012 | 22475144 |
| potent inhibitory effect of foeniculum vulgare miller extract on osteoclast differentiation and ovariectomy-induced bone loss. | inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption is considered an effective therapeutic approach to the treatment of postmenopausal bone loss. to find natural compounds that may inhibit osteoclastogenesis, we screened herbal extracts on bone marrow cultures. in this study, we found that an aqueous extract of foeniculum vulgare miller seed (fvms) at low concentration, which has traditionally been used as a treatment for a variety of ailments, inhibits the osteoclast differentiation an ... | 2012 | 22447109 |
| assessment of fennel aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) and their predators in fennel intercropped with cotton with colored fibers. | the fennel aphid, hyadaphis foeniculi (passerini) (hemiptera: aphididae) is a major pest of fennel, foeniculum vulgare miller in northeast region of brazil. we hypothesize that intercropping can be used as an alternative pest management strategy to reduce aphid yield loss in fennel. thus, we investigated the severity of fennel plant damage in relation to infestation by the fennel aphid and predation by cycloneda sanguinea (l.) (coleoptera: coccinellidae) (spotless lady beetle), green lacewing, c ... | 2012 | 22420262 |
| formulation development of a cream containing fennel extract: in vivo evaluation for anti-aging effects. | this study was aimed to formulate and evaluate anti-aging effects of a topical cream (w/o emulsion) containig extract of fennel (foeniculum vulgare) versus its base. formulation containing 4% concentrated extract of foeniculum vulgare was developed by entrapping in the inner aqueous phase of w/o emulsion and base contained no extract. both the base and formulation were stored under different storage conditions to predict their stability. the formulation and base were evaluated for effect on skin ... | 2012 | 22393831 |
| investigation of antimutagenic potential of foeniculum vulgare essential oil on cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. | the present study investigated the protective effects of foeniculum vulgare (fennel) essential oil (feo) against genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (cp). mice bone marrow chromosomal aberration (ca), micronucleus, and sperm abnormality assays were employed to measure genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. the activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione (gsh), catalase (cat), and malondialdehyde (mda) content in the liver were also investigated spectrophotometrically. animal ... | 2013 | 22264205 |
| 5-lipoxygenase inhibition of the fructus of foeniculum vulgare and its constituents. | the fruits of foeniculum vulgare (foeniculi fructus) have been widely used in chinese medicine as an antiemetic, ameliorating stomach ailments and as an analgesic. in order to establish its potential for antiallergic use, inhibitory actions of the fruiton 5-lipoxgenase (5-lox) and β-hexosaminidase release were evaluated. the 70% ethanol extract of this plant material (fr) considerably inhibited 5-lox-catalyzed leukotriene production from a23187-induced rat basophilic leukemia (rbl)-1 cells. the ... | 2012 | 24116283 |
| fennel (foeniculum vulgare) provides antioxidant protection for boar semen cryopreservation. | boar semen is extremely vulnerable to cold shock and it is also sensitive to peroxidation due to the high content of unsaturated fatty acids in the plasma membrane. antioxidants exert a protective effect on the plasma membrane of frozen boar sperm. fennel has been shown to contain antioxidant substances. therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of fennel added to the freezing extender on boar semen quality and lipid peroxidation after thawing. semen ... | 2012 | 22106928 |
| study of foeniculum vulgare effect on folliculogenesis in female mice. | foeniculum vulgare (fve) is used in traditional medicine for its antiseptic, palliative and anti-inflammatory effects. traditionally, fve is utilized for treating female infertility. the present study aims to investigate the effects of fve extract on folliculogenesis in female albino mice. | 2011 | 25101154 |
| [chemical composition of essential oil obtained from romanian fennel fruits]. | for therapeutical purposes, fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.), an important aromatic plant, is used for its expectorant, antispasmodic, carminative and diuretic properties. the chemical composition, especially of the volatile fraction, depends on the origin of the plant, and the ecological and environmental conditions in which it grows. | 2012 | 21870762 |
| phytotherapy in medieval serbian medicine according to the pharmacological manuscripts of the chilandar medical codex (15-16th centuries). | the chilandar medical codex is the most significant and best preserved medieval serbian manuscript and collects together documents on european medical science from the 12th to 15th centuries. it represents the best-known and most complete example of a large collection of medical manuscripts from the salerno-montpellier school, written in the vernacular - something which does not exist among the majority of european nations. this paper presents the section of the codex that deals with phytotherap ... | 2011 | 21708242 |
| infusions and decoctions of mixed herbs used in folk medicine: synergism in antioxidant potential. | infusions (herbal teas) and decoctions are used frequently to administer oral doses of herbs. although some herbs are used as single ingredients, they are often prepared as mixtures, as reported by numerous ethnobotanical surveys. the present work was carried out to identify the different types of interaction (synergistic, additive and antagonistic effects) which may be found in the antioxidant activity of preparations from mixtures of the popular herbs aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena), foenicu ... | 2011 | 21308820 |
| chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from organically cultivated fennel cultivars. | essential oils of the fruits of three organically grown cultivars of egyptian fennel (foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum, foeniculum vulgare var. dulce and foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare) were examined for their chemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the essential oils revealed the presence of 18 major monoterpenoids in all three cultivars but their percentage in each oil were greatly different. trans-anethole, estragole, ... | 2011 | 21285921 |
| effects of piriformospora indica and sebacina vermifera on growth and yield of essential oil in fennel (foeniculum vulgare) under greenhouse conditions. | fennel (foeniculum vulgare) is a very important plant in the family of apiaceae. effects of inoculation of two endophytic fungi (piriformospora indica and sebacina vermifera) in growth, yield and composition of the essential oil of fennel (f. vulgare) were evaluated in pot cultures. dry fruits were ground with an electric grinder and oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and their composition was determined by gc/ms. in pot experiment, the maximum dry weight of the green tissue and root and pl ... | 2011 | 21259287 |
| volatile fraction of lavender and bitter fennel infusion extracts. | the relative proportions of chemical classes (hydrocarbons, oxides, alcohols/ethers, aldehydes/ketones, acids/esters/lactones) in the essential oil of lavender (lavendula angustifolia mill., family lamiaceae) and bitter fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare (mill.) thellung, family apiaceae) and in the volatile fraction of infusion extracts were examined and showed remarkable differences. the volatile compounds of infusions were isolated by hydrodistillation and solid phas ... | 2010 | 20923003 |
| effects of oral dosage form and storage period on the antioxidant properties of four species used in traditional herbal medicine. | herbal infusions and decoctions in water are some of the most commonly consumed beverages in the world. although water is not a good solvent for many of the active components in herbs, liquid preparations are rich in several bioactive compounds. most of them have powerful antioxidant activity and have been related to medicinal herbs' properties. herein, decoctions and infusions in water of lemon-verbena (aloysia citrodora) aerial parts and leaves, fennel (foeniculum vulgare), pennyroyal (mentha ... | 2011 | 20740475 |
| medicinal plants as immunosuppressive agents in traditional iranian medicine. | immunomodulation using medicinal plants provides an alternative to conventional chemotherapy for several diseases, especially when suppression of inflammation is desired. the "canon of medicine", the epochal work of avicenna, the great persian scientist of the middle ages, provides comprehensive information about medicinal plants which used to cure inflammatory illnesses in traditional iranian medicine. taking into consideration that the mechanisms of damage in these illnesses are mediated by im ... | 2010 | 20574119 |
| [spectral analysis of elements in different samples of processed foeniculum vulgare]. | the compositions and contents of chemical compounds in traditional chinese medicines would be changed after being processed using different methods, and their pharmacological activity may be influenced. icp-aes, aas and afs were the first methods to be used to scan and analyze macro elements, trace elements and heavy metals in foeniculum vulgare and its nine different processed samples in the present paper, which were correlated with people's health and lives. the experiment results showed that ... | 2010 | 20496712 |
| randomized clinical trial of a phytotherapic compound containing pimpinella anisum, foeniculum vulgare, sambucus nigra, and cassia augustifolia for chronic constipation. | a phytotherapic compound containing pimpinella anisum l., foeniculum vulgare miller, sambucus nigra l., and cassia augustifolia is largely used in brazil for the treatment of constipation. however, the laxative efficacy of the compound has never been tested in a randomized clinical trial. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the product. | 2010 | 20433751 |
| foeniculum vulgare essential oils: chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. | the essential oils from foeniculum vulgare commercial aerial parts and fruits were isolated by hydrodistillation, with different distillation times (30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h), and analyzed by gc and gc-ms. the antioxidant ability was estimated using four distinct methods. antibacterial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method. remarkable differences, and worrying from the quality and safety point of view, were detected in the essential oils. trans-anethole (31-36%), alpha-pinene (14- ... | 2010 | 20334152 |
| antimicrobial activities of essential oil and hexane extract of florence fennel [foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum (mill.) thell.] against foodborne microorganisms. | the objective of this study was to determine the chemical compositions of the essential oil and hexane extract isolated from the inflorescence, leaf stems, and aerial parts of florence fennel and the antimicrobial activities of the essential oil, hexane extract, and their major component, anethole, against a large variety of foodborne microorganisms. gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the essential oils obtained from inflorescence, leaf stems, and wh ... | 2010 | 20136455 |
| ultrasonic nebulization extraction coupled with on-line gas chromatography for determination of trans-anethole in spices. | ultrasonic nebulization extraction (une) coupled with on-line gas chromatography (gc) was proposed for the determination of trans-anethole in fruits of illicium verum hook. f. and foeniculum vulgare mill. the extraction was performed in a common self-made extraction system. in the une the analyte was transferred and enriched from the solid sample to gas phase. the sample gas containing analyte obtained by une was introduced into the sampling loop with the purging gas (n(2)). and then the sample ... | 2009 | 19836565 |
| [analysis on changes of chemical compounds in different samples of fried foeniculum vulgare]. | to analysis the changes of chemical compounds in fried foeniculum vulgare. | 2009 | 19623973 |
| a striking and frequent cause of premature thelarche in children: foeniculum vulgare. | isolated premature thelarche is a common disorder characterized by breast development, usually younger than 2 years, with no other signs of puberty. although it is usually associated with adrenal or ovarian disorders, hypothyroidism, and use of exogenous hormones or drugs, it may also be associated with long-term use of herbal medicine. thus, long-term use of preparations such as foeniculum vulgare, which is used to eliminate gas and regulate intestinal function in children, may cause premature ... | 2008 | 18970951 |
| investigation of the antioxidant behavior of air- and freeze-dried aromatic plant materials in relation to their phenolic content and vegetative cycle. | the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the aerial parts of five aromatic plants harvested at different periods was estimated, and their antioxidant capacity was evaluated. major phenolic compounds present in their extracts were determined by rp-hplc. the results demonstrated different amounts of total phenolic compounds and various degrees of antioxidant activity depending on the plant species, the time of harvest, and the drying method employed. extracts from air-dried mentha viridis l., o ... | 2008 | 18578534 |
| antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of wild, edible, and medicinal fennel from different mediterranean countries. | fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.) is a typical aromatic plant of the mediterranean area, long used as a medicinal and spice herb. fennel is also well-known for its essential oil, which has been extensively studied for many years owing to its commercial importance. in this work, the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the quantitative determination of individual flavonoids and phenolic acids of wild, edible, and medicinal fennel from different mediterran ... | 2008 | 18303817 |
| antifungal effects of essential oils from oregano and fennel on sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | the antifungal effects of essential oils of oregano (origanum syriacum var. bevanii) and fennel (foeniculum vulgare) were evaluated against sclerotinia sclerotiorum. effects of the essential oils on morphological structures of hyphae and sclerotia were studied under light and scanning electron microscopes (sem). | 2007 | 17897206 |
| phenolic glycosides from foeniculum vulgare fruit and evaluation of antioxidative activity. | two diglucoside stilbene trimers and a benzoisofuranone derivative were isolated from foeniculum vulgare fruit together with nine known compounds. their structures were elucidated by spectral methods including 1d, 2d nmr and ms and chemical methods. antioxidant activity was tested using three methods: dpph(), total antioxidant capacity and assay of lipid peroxidation. | 2007 | 17498761 |
| comparison of various extraction techniques for isolation and determination of isoflavonoids in plants. | in the present paper, the following extraction techniques have been used for extracting isoflavonoids from the species matricaria recutita, rosmarinus officinalis, foeniculum vulgare, and agrimonia eupatoria l.: supercritical fluid extraction (sfe), pressurized fluid extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion, ultrasonic extraction in an ultrasonic bath (use) and by means of an ultrasonic homogeniser (hom), extraction by means of soxhlet apparatus (sox), and solid phase extraction. experimental o ... | 2007 | 17313151 |
| extraction and characterization of foeniculum vulgare pectins and their use for preparing biopolymer films in the presence of phaseolin protein. | pectins from foeniculum vulgare were extracted under acidic conditions. the obtained pectins were mainly composed of uronic acid but also contained traces of rhamnose, galactose, and arabinose. extracted pectins were used as a carbohydrate source to prepare biopolymer films in the absence and in the presence of phaseolin protein. the swelling characteristics of the films were examined as a function of ionic strength, ph, and the applied osmotic stress. the swelling behavior was dominated by a do ... | 2007 | 17261013 |
| chemical variation among indigenous populations of foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare in israel. | the composition of hexane extract constituents of ripe mericarps ("achenes") of eleven indigenous populations of foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare (apiaceae) was studied. natural populations were selected along a gradient of annual rainfall from ca. 1000 mm in the northern region down to 125 mm in the negev desert. eighteen constituents, with estragole, trans-anethole, fenchone, limonene and alpha-pinene as the major components were separated by gc-ms. characterized by the level of estragole and t ... | 1999 | 17260278 |
| [determination of thirteen metal elements in the plant foeniculum vulgare mill. by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry]. | the objective of the paper is to determine the amount of metal elements of na, k, mg, ca, cu, zn, mn, fe, co, ni, cd, cr and pb in the planted foeniculum vulgare mill. by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (faas), after the cinefaction and the digestion with hno3-hclo4 (phi 4:1) at 90-95 degrees c and normal pressure. the optimum parameters of faas and the effects of solution medium on the results were investigated. the analytical results show that the amount of na, k, mg, ca, mn, fe, cu, ... | 2006 | 17205757 |
| composition of the volatile fraction of ocotea bofo kunth (lauraceae) calyces by gc-ms and nmr fingerprinting and its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. | the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the floral calyces of ocotea bofo kunth (lauraceae) was studied by means of gc, gc-ms, and 1h, 13c, and bidimensional nmr (cosy, hsqc, hmbc). twenty-five constituents were identified, and estragole (48.7%), alpha-phellandrene (19.6%) and sabinene (10.4%) were found to be the major components. antimicrobial activity against six aerobic bacteria and five yeasts and antioxidant activity performed by photochemiluminescen ... | 2006 | 17002452 |
| comparison of the volatile composition of wild fennel samples (foeniculum vulgare mill.) from central spain. | comparison of the volatile composition of fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.) has been carried out using direct thermal desorption (dtd) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. forty-two wild fennel stem samples were collected in two different geographical areas of central spain. dtd allowed a high recovery of volatiles from small sample sizes without thermal decomposition. trans-anethole was the main volatile compound for most cases, although a high variability was found among samples, s ... | 2006 | 16939344 |
| determination of phenolic compounds in fennel by hplc and hplc-ms using a monolithic reversed-phase column. | a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method for analyzing phenolic compounds in fennel (foeniculum vulgare) has been developed. the use of a monolithic column with short dimensions in combination with optimized chromatographic conditions allows over 100 samples per day to be analyzed. chromatographic parameters such as column temperature and injection volume, were found to be crucial in obtaining adequate selectivity and resolution, consequently allowing short run times ... | 2007 | 16930913 |
| headspace solvent microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of volatile compounds from foeniculum vulgare mill. | a novel and rapid headspace solvent microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (hsme-gc-ms) for the analysis of the volatile compounds of foeniculum vulgare mill is described. hsme parameters including extracting solvent, extraction temperature and time, headspace volume and particle size were optimized. as a result, benzyl alcohol was finally used for the extraction at 70 degrees c for 20 min with headspace volume of 12.1 ml and particle size of 120 mesh. under the determi ... | 2006 | 16488098 |
| [antioxidant properties of essential oils: autoxidation of essential oils from laurel and fennel and effects of mixing with essential oil from coriander]. | changes in the composition of essential oils from the seeds of laurel (laurus nobilis l.) and fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill., var. dulce thelling) and their mixture with essential oil from coriander were studied by capillary gas-liquid chromatography during storage in the dark and in light. under these conditions, essential oil of laurel retained its composition for 12 months. essential oil of fennel was rapidly oxidized in light. however, the rate of its oxidation in the dark was lower. the m ... | 2012 | 16358762 |
| exchangeable sodium induced changes in yield, water relation and cation composition of fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill). | a pot experiment was conducted with the objectives to assess the adaptation potential of fennel crop grown at 10, 20, 25, 35 and 40 esp (exchangeable sodium percentage) levels. results showed that the rate of seed germination, plant growth including branching pattern, umbels per plant and 1000 test seed weight were adversely affected by sodic soils. assuming that fifty percent reduction in seed yield and na+/k+ ratio in leaf tissue as an index of alkali tolerance revealed that fennel was toleran ... | 2005 | 16334263 |
| a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a standardized extract of matricariae recutita, foeniculum vulgare and melissa officinalis (colimil) in the treatment of breastfed colicky infants. | the aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to investigate the effectiveness and side effects of a phytotherapeutic agent with matricariae recutita, foeniculum vulgare and melissa officinalis in the treatment of infantile colic. | 2005 | 16041731 |
| study on the transfer of components of aetheroleum carvi and aetheroleum foeniculi oils. | the transfer through a membrane of the main organic components and mineral elements of carum carvi and foeniculum vulgare volatile oils was studied. the transfer was studied from buffer solution ph 1.1 (stomach) and ph 6.5 (intestine) to ph 7.5 (plasma) in a sartorius model. the transferred components were measured by gc-ms for volatile components and icp-oes for inorganic elements. the main components (trans-anethole and fenchone from f. vulgare, carvone and d-limonene from c. carvi), as well a ... | 2005 | 15752626 |
| separation and characterization of phenolic compounds in fennel (foeniculum vulgare) using liquid chromatography-negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. | liquid chromatography (lc) diode array detection (dad) coupled to negative electrospray ionization (esi) tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) was used for the rapid and sensitive identification of water-soluble phenolic compounds in fennel waste. the plant material was first extracted and then chromatographed on sephadex lh-20 to afford seven fractions, each of them being subjected to lc-ms analysis. identification of the compounds was carried out by interpretation of uv, ms, and ms/ms spectra. fort ... | 2004 | 15186082 |
| improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in foeniculum vulgare mill on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with p-fertilizer. | two arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi glomus macrocarpum and glomus fasciculatum significantly improved growth and essential oil concentration of foeniculum vulgare mill. however, am inoculation of plants along with phosphorus fertilization significantly enhanced growth, p-uptake and essential oil content of plants compared to either of the components applied separately. among the two fungal inoculants, g. fasciculatum registered the highest growth at both levels of phosphorus used with up to 78 ... | 2004 | 15062827 |
| bioguided isolation and identification of the nonvolatile antioxidant compounds from fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.) waste. | a bioguided isolation of an aqueous extract of fennel waste led to the isolation of 12 major phenolic compounds. liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (lc/uv/apci-ms) combined with spectroscopic methods (nmr) was used for compound identification. radical scavenging activity was tested using three methods: dpph*, superoxide nitro-blue tetrazolium hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase, and *oh/luminol chemiluminescence. in addition to products describe ... | 2004 | 15053525 |
| near-infrared analysis of fennel (foeniculum vulgare miller) on different spectrometers--basic considerations for a reliable network. | the aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy and transferability of near-infrared (nir) calibrations for estimating the content and composition of the volatile fraction in fennel fruits (foeniculum vulgare miller) as an example of medicinal and spice plants. a master calibration with spectra obtained on a scanning monochromator was generated using 345 samples from three different harvests (1997-1999). a subset of 70 samples from 1999 was also measured on a dispersive grating and a scann ... | 2012 | 14516000 |
| antihirsutism activity of fennel (fruits of foeniculum vulgare) extract. a double-blind placebo controlled study. | idiopathic hirsutism is defined as the occurrence of excessive male pattern hair growth in women who have a normal ovulatory menstrual cycle and normal levels of serum androgens. it may be a disorder of peripheral androgen metabolism. in this study we evaluated the clinical response of idiopathic hirsutism to topical fennel extract. fennel, foeniculum vulgare, is a plant, which has been used as an estrogenic agent. the ethanolic extract of fennel was obtained by using a soxhlete apparatus. in a ... | 2003 | 13678227 |
| [studies on the etheric oil of foeniculum vulgare. ii. changes of different fennel oils beforeand after harvest]. | | 1967 | 5603480 |
| [studies on the essential oil from foeniculum vulgare. i. composition of fruit-and root oil]. | | 1967 | 5615933 |
| [studies on the essential oil from foeniculum vulgare. i. composition of fruit- and root oil]. | | 1967 | 5608992 |
| biogenetic studies of natural products. viii. biosynthesis of anethole by foeniculum vulgare. (4). | | 1962 | 13962204 |
| [investigations on the effect of foeniculum vulgare, carum carvi, anisum vulgare, crataegus oxyacanthus, and galga officinalis on lactation]. | | 1951 | 14888359 |
| monitoring in vitro antibacterial efficacy of 26 indian spices against multidrug resistant urinary tract infecting bacteria. | to screen methanolic extracts of 26 commonly used indian spices against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria (enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter baumannii, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa), isolated from clinical samples of a tertiary care hospital for antibacterial activity. | 2014 | 28664089 |
| comparative efficacy of herbal essences with amphotricin b and ketoconazole on candida albicans in the in vitro condition. | the candida species are the most important factors of fungal infections in humans and animals. it is necessary to prepare antifungal or antimicrobial drugs because of increasing drug resistance. the natural treatment of diseases of bacterial origin using medicinal plants is important. in this study the effect of antimicrobial medicinal herbal essential oils and conventional antifungal drugs were evaluated on candida albicans in vitro. | 2015 | 28664116 |
| anethole and fenchone in the developing fruits of foeniculum vulgare mill. | | 1968 | 4386530 |
| [contents of fennel root (foeniculum vulgare mill.)]. | | 1969 | 5379026 |
| [recent studies in foeniculum vulgare. organic acids, especially phenyl carbonic acids]. | | 1971 | 5137746 |
| [recent studies on fennel (foeniculum vulgare m.) 2. the volatile oil of the fruit, herbs and roots of fruit-bearing plants]. | | 1972 | 4647561 |
| [residues of herbicides in medicinal and spice plants. residues of methylparathion in fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.) and in peppermint (mentha piperita l.)]. | | 1972 | 5084574 |
| the effect of date of sowing and plant spacing on yield of seed and volatile oil of fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.). | wider spacing produced taller fennel plants. the compound umbels per plant increased as the distance between plants increased. the yield of seed per plant was greater in wider spacing. on the other hand, the medium space (30 cm) produced higher seed and oil contant per acre. early sown plants produced taller plants, with higher compound umbels. the oil percentage was not affected while higher yield of seed and oil were significantly obtained. | 1978 | 733879 |
| the effect of fertilizer treatments on yield of seed and volatile oil of fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.). | nitrogen fertilization gave higher number of compound umbels and increased oil percentage, seed yield and oil yield with increase in dose. phosphorus and potassium produced significant increase in the previons aspects with the second dose only. | 1978 | 733880 |
| biosynthesis of monoterpenes: conversion of the acyclic precursors geranyl pyrophosphate and neryl pyrophosphate to the rearranged monoterpenes fenchol and fenchone by a soluble enzyme preparation from fennel (foeniculum vulgare). | | 1980 | 7436420 |
| analysis and evaluation of the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of the essential oil isolated from foeniculum vulgare from hamedan, iran. | in this study, biological properties of the essential oil isolated from seeds of foeniculum vulgare (f. vulgare) were evaluated. gc-ms analysis revealed trans-anethole (80.63%), l-fenchone (11.57%), estragole (3.67%) and limonene (2.68%) were the major compounds of the essential oil. antibacterial activity of the essential oil against nine gram-positive and gram-negative strains was studied using disc diffusion and micro-well dilution assays. essential oil exhibited the antibacterial activity ag ... | 2018 | 29308661 |
| rescue effects of aqueous seed extracts of foeniculum vulgare and carum carvi against cadmium-induced hepatic, renal and gonadal damage in female albino rats. | to investigate the protective effects of aqueous seed extracts of fennel "foeniculum vulgare" (fve) and caraway "carum carvi" (cce) on liver, kidney and reproductive organs in female rats against cadmium chloride (cc) intoxication. | 2017 | 29268967 |
| in vitro toxicity evaluation of estragole-containing preparations derived from foeniculum vulgare mill. (fennel) on hepg2 cells. | estragole, a common component of herbs and spices, is a wellknown genotoxic hepatocarcinogen in rodents, whereas its potential toxic effect in humans is still debated. in the european contest, one of the major sources of human exposure to this phytochemical is foeniculum vulgare mill. (fennel). therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro toxicity of estragole in the context of two complex phytochemical mixtures derived from fennel: fennel seed powder (fspw) and fennel seed esse ... | 2018 | 29233689 |
| foeniculum vulgare essential oil ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats through the inhibition of nf-kb pathway. | the aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effects of foeniculum vulgare essential oil on intestinal inflammation through the inhibition of nf-kb pathway in acetic acid-induced rat colitis. | 2017 | 29067571 |
| effect of foeniculum vulgare (fennel) on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | objectives this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of orally administered fennel on vaginal atrophy. materials and methods in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 60 postmenopausal women living in mashhad, iran, were randomly divided into an oral fennel group (n = 30) and a placebo group (n = 30). the maturation vaginal index and maturation values were measured once at baseline and again upon a three-month follow-up. results the paired t-test showed statistically sig ... | 2017 | 28990439 |
| study of anticancer and antibacterial activities of foeniculum vulgare, justicia adhatoda and urtica dioica as natural curatives. | high-throughput technologies, such as synthetic biology and genomics have paved new paths for discovery and utility of medicinally beneficial plants. bioactive molecules isolated from different plants have significantly higher biological activities. the present study was done to analyze antibacterial potential of some medicinal plants against multi drug resistant (mdr) pathogens and anticancer effect against mcf-7 cell line. methanolic and ethanolic extracts were tested for their antibacterial a ... | 2017 | 28980930 |
| effect of foeniculum vulgare (fennel) on symptoms of depression and anxiety in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of foeniculum vulgare (fennel) on anxiety and depression symptoms in postmenopausal women. this study was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, in which 60 eligible postmenopausal women were selected and then randomly assigned to fennel and placebo groups. then, symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using hospital anxiety and depression scale (hads) and zung's self rating depression scale (sds). following the interventio ... | 2018 | 28891367 |
| protective effects of foeniculum vulgare root bark extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. | to investigate the protective effects of foeniculum vulgare root bark (fvrb), a traditional uyghur medicine, against carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. | 2017 | 28883697 |
| cytotoxicity of the essential oil of fennel (foeniculum vulgare) from tajikistan. | the essential oil of fennel (foeniculum vulgare) is rich in lipophilic secondary metabolites, which can easily cross cell membranes by free diffusion. several constituents of the oil carry reactive carbonyl groups in their ring structures. carbonyl groups can react with amino groups of amino acid residues in proteins or in nucleotides of dna to form schiff's bases. fennel essential oil is rich in anise aldehyde, which should interfere with molecular targets in cells. the aim of the present study ... | 2017 | 28846628 |
| anethole inhibits the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. | prostate cancer-associated mortality is increasing at an alarming rate, which highlights the inevitability for unearthing novel agent for the management of this disease. anethole, a major constituent of foeniculum vulgare (fennel) essential oil, is widely used in folk medicine; it possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and tumoricidal potentialities. | 2017 | 28745237 |
| breastfeeding: a review of its physiology and galactogogue plants in view of traditional persian medicine. | the beneficial effects of breastfeeding for the infant and mother are well recognized. many natural products are reputed to be galactogogue agents in major traditional persian medicine (tpm) textbooks. the aim of this study is to review those medicinal plants that are reported to be effective in increasing breast milk in tpm and to compare the data from tpm texts with the findings of modern pharmacological and clinical research. | 2017 | 28714737 |
| effect of foeniculum vulgare mill. (fennel) on menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | preliminary data suggest that foeniculum vulgare (fennel) can be an effective treatment for menopausal symptoms. this trial was designed to assess the efficacy of fennel in the management of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. | 2017 | 28509813 |
| protective effects of fennel oil extract against sodium valproate-induced hepatorenal damage in albino rats. | foeniculum vulgare (apiaceae) is commonly known as fennel. this herb is well-known worldwide and traditionally used as curative herbal therapy for the treatment of epileptic disease, seizurescarminative, digestive, lactogogue, diuretic, treating respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. the aim of present study is to investigate the possible effect of fennel oil against the toxicity of sodium-valproic (svp) in albino rats. in order to assess the protection of fennel oil on svp induced hepato- ... | 2017 | 28490965 |
| effects of foeniculum vulgare essential oil compounds, fenchone and limonene, on experimental wound healing. | we investigated the wound healing efficacy of the foeniculum vulgare compounds, fenchone and limonene, using an excisional cutaneous wound model in rats. an excision wound was made on the back of the rat and fenchone and limonene were applied topically to the wounds once daily, separately or together, for 10 days. tissue sections from the wounds were evaluated for histopathology. the healing potential was assessed by comparison to an untreated control group and an olive oil treated sham group. w ... | 2017 | 28426256 |
| endophytic detection in selected european herbal plants. | a total of 181 cultivable endophytic bacterial isolates were collected from stems of 13 species of herbs inhabiting europe (poland): chelidonium majus l., elymus repens l., erigeron annuus l., euphrasia rostkoviana hayne, foeniculum vulgare l., geranium pratense l., humulus lupulus l., matricaria chamomilla l., mentha arvensis l., papaver rhoeas l., rosmarinus officinalis l., solidago gigantea l. and vinca minor l. the isolates were screened for their antifungal activity and fifty three were fou ... | 2016 | 29334055 |
| variation in preference and specificity in monophagous and oligophagous swallowtail butterflies. | although variation in oviposition preference and specificity for host plants has been demonstrated within populations of a variety of oligophagous insect species, it is unknown whether genetic variation in host choice is lost within populations of monophagous species. analysis of a locally monophagous butterfly species, papilio oregonius, and a locally oligophagous species, p. zelicaon, showed significant variation in oviposition preference within populations of both species. females of both spe ... | 1988 | 28563838 |
| biosynthesis of monoterpenes: preliminary characterization of i-endo-fenchol synthetase from fennel (foeniculum vulgare) and evidence that no free intermediate is involved in the cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to the rearranged product. | | 1980 | 7436421 |
| effect of foeniculum vulgare seed extract on mammary glands and oviducts of ovariectomised rats. | the effect of acetone extracts of foeniculum vulgare mill., seeds at different dose levels (50/ug, 150/ug and 250/ug/100gm body wt.) on mammary glands and oviducts of castrated rats was investigated. the extract was found to increase nucleic acids and protein concentration as well as the organ weights in both the tissues. the medium and high doses were very effective. the results confirm the estrogenic nature of the seed extract. | 1985 | 22557513 |
| biosynthesis of monoterpenes. enantioselectivity in the enzymatic cyclization of linalyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol. | the conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol is considered to proceed by the initial isomerization of the substrate to (-)-(3r)-linalyl pyrophosphate and the subsequent cyclization of this bound intermediate. to test this stereochemical scheme, phosphatase-free preparations of (-)-endo-fenchol cyclase from fennel (foeniculum vulgare m.) fruit were repeatedly incubated with a sample of (3rs)-[1-3h2]linalyl pyrophosphate until approximately 50% of this precursor was converted to the ... | 1985 | 4055764 |
| direct somatic embryogenesis from protoplasts of foeniculum vulgare. | protoplasts prepared from an embryogenic cell suspension culture of fennel gave rise to somatic embryoids directly through unequal cell divisions of enlarged, ellipsoidal cells, when embedded in hormone-free ls agarose medium. on the other hand, protoplasts embedded in ls agarose medium containing 2,4-d and kinetin proliferated through unpolarized cell divisions to form calli, which gave somatic embryoids on the surface upon transfer onto the same medium. in either case, somatic embryoids germin ... | 1986 | 24248255 |
| biosynthesis of monoterpenes. stereochemistry of the enzymatic cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol. | the conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol is considered to proceed by the initial isomerization of the substrate to (-)-(3r)-linalyl pyrophosphate and the subsequent cyclization of this bound intermediate. incubation of (1r)-[2-14c,1-3h]- and (1s)-[2-14c,1-3h]geranyl pyrophosphate with a preparation of (-)-endo-fenchol cyclase (synthase) from common fennel (foeniculum vulgare) gave labeled product of unchanged 3h:14c ratio in both cases, and each was dehydrated to a mixture of ... | 1988 | 3170591 |
| monoterpene biosynthesis: mechanistic evaluation of the geranyl pyrophosphate:(-)-endo-fenchol cyclase from fennel (foeniculum vulgare). | geranyl pyrophosphate:(-)-endo-fenchol cyclase catalyzes the conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol by a process thought to involve the initial isomerization of the substrate to the tertiary allylic isomer, linalyl pyrophosphate, and the subsequent cyclization of this bound intermediate. studies with 18o-labeled acyclic precursors and h2(18)o, followed by mass spectrometric analysis of the cyclic product, confirmed that water was the sole source of the carbinol oxygen atom of en ... | 1989 | 2919880 |
| toxicity studies in mice of ethanol extracts of foeniculum vulgare fruit and ruta chalepensis aerial parts. | acute (24-h) and chronic (90-day) oral toxicity studies on the ethanolic extracts of foeniculum vulgare fruit and ruta chalepensis aerial parts were carried out in mice. acute dosages were 0.5, 1.0 and 3 g/kg while the chronic dosage was 100 mg/kg per day of extract. all external morphological, haematological and spermatogenic changes, in addition to body and vital organ weights were recorded. the extracts caused no significant acute or chronic mortality as compared to controls during this inves ... | 1991 | 1795520 |
| phytotherapy in functional upper abdominal complaints results of a clinical study with a preparation of several plants. | efficacy and tolerance of lomatol® drops (a preparation with extracts of the fruits of carum carvi [caraway], fruits of foeniculum vulgare [fennel], leaves of menta piperita [peppermint] and the herb of artemisia absinthium [wormwood] in the treatment of upper abdominal complaints was compared with the efficacy and tolerance of metoclopramide drops in a controlled, randomized, double-blind study. their impact on the symptoms of pain, nausea, heartburn, retching and gastrospasms were assessed on ... | 1996 | 23194763 |
| identification by hplc-dad and hplc-ms analyses and quantification of constituents of fennel teas and decoctions. | qualitative and quantitative differences among the constituents in various fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill., family apiaceae) teas prepared by classical infusion, microwave decoction, and dissolution are reported. different commercial starting materials, such as fruit (unbroken and crushed), four herbal teas, and two instant herbal teas were evaluated. chlorogenic acid (1), quercetin-3-o-beta-d-glucuronide (2), p-anisaldehyde (3), and trans-anethole (4) were identified by hplc-dad and hplc-ms as ... | 2000 | 11052726 |
| characterization of some italian types of wild fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.). | wild samples of foeniculum vulgare mill. (fennel) were collected from thirteen italian localities at different latitudes and grown in field trials to evaluate their morphological and agronomic characteristics and essential oil compositions. all the parameters were recorded at full bloom stage, and the essential oils (obtained by steam distillation) were characterized by gas chromatography (gc) and gc/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). the morphological characteristics showed positive relations among the ... | 2001 | 11170583 |
| antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of foeniculum vulgare and crithmum maritimum essential oils. | the essential oils obtained from crithmum maritimum l. (marine fennel) and two samples of foeniculum vulgare miller (common fennel) were analysed by gc and gc-ms and assayed for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. the antioxidant activity of the oils was evaluated by two lipid model systems: a modified thiobarbituric acid reactive species (tbars) assay and a spectrophotometric detection of hydroperoxydienes from linoleic acid in a micellar system. the oils demonstrated antioxidant ca ... | 2000 | 11199122 |
| contact and fumigant activities of constituents of foeniculum vulgare fruit against three coleopteran stored-product insects. | the insecticidal activities of materials derived from the fruit of fennel, foeniculum vulgare, against adults of sitophilus oryzae, callosobruchus chinensis and lasioderma serricorne were examined using direct contact application and fumigation methods. the biologically active constituents of the foeniculum fruits were characterized as the phenylpropenes (e)-anethole and estragole, and the monoterpene (+)-fenchone, by spectroscopic analysis. responses varied with insect species, compound, dose a ... | 2001 | 11455661 |
| comparison of fennel and mefenamic acid for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. | to compare the effect of foeniculum vulgare variety dulce (sweet fennel) vs. mefenamic acid for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. | 2003 | 12566188 |
| [selective isolation of anethole from volatile oil of foeniculum vulgare mill by inclusion crystalline with chela-shape host]. | to isolate the components from the volatile oil of foeniculum vulgare mill. | 2001 | 12580105 |