| perioperative intratumoral administration of cisplatin for treatment of cutaneous tumors in equidae. | twenty-seven horses (and 1 mule) with 32 histologically confirmed cutaneous tumors were studied to evaluate the effects of intratumoral injection of cisplatin initiated at the time of surgery. as a result of surgery, 9 of the wounds were closed primarily (5 sarcoids, 4 carcinomas) and 23 were left open to granulate (16 sarcoids, 6 carcinomas, 1 hamartoma). chemotherapy consisted of 4 treatment sessions of intratumoral injection of cisplatin in purified sesame oil at 2-week intervals. the first t ... | 1994 | 7890578 |
| ultrastructure of the epithelium that lines the ductuli efferentes in domestic equidae, with particular reference to spermatophagy. | the epithelium that lines the ductuli efferentes in the horse, donkey and mule has been examined by electron microscopy. the epithelium consists of columnar ciliated and non-ciliated cells. lymphocytes and macrophages are also present, together with cells that are rich in lipofuscin. these 'lipofuscin-rich' cells are a peculiar feature of the excurrent ducts of equidae and are characterized by a large number of highly heterogeneous residual bodies. the general morphology of the epithelium and, i ... | 1994 | 7976167 |
| electron microscopic findings in brain of rocky mountain elk with chronic wasting disease. | we report here the electron microscopic findings in brain of rocky mountain elk with chronic wasting disease (cdw), a progressive and fatal neurological disorder of wild ruminants characterized neuropathologically by intraneuronal vacuolation, spongiform change of the neuropil and astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. ultrastructural findings included membrane-bound vacuoles in neuronal elements, increased number of glial filaments, dystrophic neurites, numerous neuritic plaques, hirano bodies ... | 1994 | 7982031 |
| characterization of a red blood cell antigen in donkeys and mules associated with neonatal isoerythrolysis. | a red cell antigen of donkeys and mules was identified using antibodies in serum from a mare which produced a mule foal affected with neonatal isoerythrolysis (ni). subsequently antibodies with similar activity were identified in the sera of other mares which had produced mule foals and were produced by immunization of horses with blood from donkeys. the antigen detected by these antibodies does not correspond to any recognized horse red cell alloantigen. this may be a xenoantigen since all donk ... | 1994 | 8010529 |
| chromosome conservation among the advanced pecorans and determination of the primitive bovid karyotype. | extensive monobrachial qfh-band homologies were found among cattle (bovidae), pronghorn (antilocapridae), masai giraffe (giraffidae), and mule and whitetail deer (cervidae). the deer species had identical karyotypes (2n = 70, naa = 70). interfamily comparisons demonstrated that cattle (2n = 60, naa = 58) and pronghorn (2n = 58, naa = 60) were karyotypically the most similar. the giraffe possessed a 2n = 30, naa = 54, and differed from the other artiodactyls by having a preponderance of biarmed a ... | 1994 | 8014460 |
| epidemiological study of sporotrichosis and histoplasmosis in captive latin american wild mammals, são paulo, brazil. | sporotrichosis and histoplasmosis are deep mycosis with a high incidence in human beings in brazil. in domestic animals histoplasmosis has been described only in dogs, but the occurrence of sporotrichosis among domestic animals in brazil has been described in dogs, cats, mules and asses. there is also a case of this disease reported in a chimpanzee (pan troglodites). the purpose of this research was to perform an epidomiological study of these mycoses using delayed hypersensitivity tests (histop ... | 1994 | 8028639 |
| [intestinal occlusion in cocaine-packet ingestion]. | during the last decade, the increase of drug traffic and close customs' control have led smugglers to attempt various methods to pass through customs undetected. one method is the ingestion of large numbers of drug-filled packets (usually containing cocaine), together with anticholinergics inhibiting intestinal peristalsis, by a smuggler, called "body-packer" or "mule". the up-to-date approach to cocaine-packet ingestion is conservative medical management during the spontaneous evacuation of the ... | 1993 | 8121597 |
| [experimental infection of the mule duck by eimeria mulardi sp. nov.: effects on body weight and modifications of different hematologic and biochemical parameters]. | eleven-day-old female mule ducks (cairina moschata x anas platyrhynchos) were individually infected per os with a single inoculation containing 10(4), 10(5) or 10(6) sporulated oocysts of e mulardi, or kept as uninfected controls. no mortality was observed. growth rate was not modified at lower doses, but was reduced in the other 2 groups, with weight loss on d 7 post inoculation (pi). blood was detected in feces by chemical characterization of hemoglobin as early as d 3 pi with the highest infe ... | 1994 | 8142956 |
| experimental infection of columbian black-tailed deer with the lyme disease spirochete. | the course of borrelia burgdorferi-infection in columbian black-tailed deer. (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), its effect on the health of these animals, and their reservoir competence for fleas were evaluated experimentally. four yearling females inoculated intramuscularly with 10(8) organisms of the ca4 strain of b. burgdorferi, and two yearling males unexposed to spirochetes, were monitored daily for 3 mo. spirochetes were reisolated from the blood of three does at 14 or 70 days postinjectio ... | 1994 | 8151819 |
| antibody prevalence of eight ruminant infectious diseases in california mule and black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus). | we tested 276 sera from 18 free-ranging black-tailed and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) herds in california (usa) collected from 1987 to 1991 in five biogeographical habitat types, for antibodies against eight infectious disease agents. overall antibody prevalence was 56% for anaplasma marginale, 31% for borrelia burgdorferi, 16% for bluetongue virus serotype 17, 15% for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, 7% for coxiella burnetii and toxoplasma gondii, respectively, and 0% for bovine leukosis ... | 1994 | 8151824 |
| [stopping of chromosome condensation in the interspecific hybrid between common duck and cairina moschata]. | the study of mitotic chromosomes from mule embryos at the 72-96 hour stage has shown that there is a blockage in the condensation of large regions of the small arms of the inherited number 1 parent chromosomes. zones of decondensation on chromosomes 2 and 3 were also observed. in some cells there is a blockage of condensation ("prophazing") in most of the microchromosomes. these phenomena could be linked to the inactivation of part of the hybrid genome and explain at least some of the early mort ... | 1993 | 8166422 |
| the biology and molecular biology of scrapie-like diseases. | the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse's) are degenerative diseases of the central nervous system which naturally affect man (creutzfeldt-jakob disease [cjd], gerstmann-sträussler syndrome [gss], kuru), sheep and goats (scrapie), cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy [bse]), mink (transmissible mink encephalopathy), mule deer, elk and antelope (chronic wasting disease). spongiform encephalopathies have also been diagnosed in captive species of zoo antelope and in domestic cats. mu ... | 1993 | 8219804 |
| [hypothesis on the achean disease]. | a hypothesis on the achaean disease. analyzing the text in the light of the modern medical knowledge, the article traces a profile of the mortal illness described in the first book of homer's iliad. the disease was a severe, acute epidemic zoonosis, rapidly bringing death. first, it affected mules and dogs, then it involved men; the infection spread quickly and the number of deaths was high. these elements suggest that the illness occurred among the achaeans can be identified with glanders, an i ... | 1993 | 8233662 |
| prevalence of bluetongue virus expression in leukocytes from experimentally infected ruminants. | replication of bluetongue virus (btv) in leukocytes from the blood of sheep, cattle, elk, and mule deer inoculated with btv serotype 10 or 17 was assessed by immunocytochemical staining and dot blot northern hybridization to determine if differences in the prevalence of infection in this blood fraction might account for the differences in clinical disease among these species. viremia was confirmed by virus isolation in all inoculated animals. analysis of leukocytes with monoclonal antibodies spe ... | 1993 | 8239132 |
| isospora sp from ducks. infectivity for the goose, four anatids and the domestic fowl. | a coccidium was isolated from mule duck farms, the sporulated oocysts of which most closely resemble that of isospora anseris, a goose coccidium. by experimental infection, these oocysts were proved to be able to develop in the goose and in several duck species, but unable to develop in the chicken. no pathogenicity was noted in any species. | 1993 | 8260965 |
| diet selection in sheep: the ability of growing lambs to select a diet that meets their crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) requirements. | to test the proposition that sheep are able to select a diet that meets their crude protein (n x 6.25; cp) requirements, feeds l, a, b, c and h with the same energy content (11 mj metabolizable energy/kg feed) but different cp contents (78, 109, 141, 172 and 235 g cp/kg fresh feed respectively) were formulated. in addition, feed u, which was feed l plus 21.4 g urea/kg (cp content 132 g/kg), was also made. the feeds were offered ad lib. either singly (n 4 per treatment) or as a choice between fee ... | 1993 | 8329339 |
| effects of fetal genotype and uterine environment on placental development in equids. | measurement of the concentrations of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (ecg) in the serum of pregnant mares and jenny donkeys carrying normal intraspecies and hybrid interspecies pregnancies suggested that the production of this hormone may be influenced by parental gene imprinting. specifically, a differential expression of maternal and paternal genes may control the size and secretory activity of the structures that secrete ecg, the fetal endometrial cups. however, bisection of an interspecies mu ... | 1993 | 8345479 |
| african horse sickness. | ahs is a noncontagious vector-borne disease of equidae caused by orbiviruses. species susceptibility in decreasing order is horses, mules, donkeys, and zebras. the main vectors of ahs are culicoides. the disease is endemic in sub-saharan africa, but epizootics have occurred outside of this area on several occasions. the most recent outbreaks outside of the endemic area were in spain, morocco, and portugal between 1987 and 1990. ahs causes mortality up to 95% and is classically divided into four ... | 1993 | 8358648 |
| fibrils in brain of rocky mountain elk with chronic wasting disease contain scrapie amyloid. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a progressive, fatal neurological disorder of captive mule deer and rocky mountain elk, is characterized neuropathologically by spongiform change in the neuropil, intraneuronal vacuolation and astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. recently, scrapie amyloid-immunoreactive plaques have been demonstrated in brain tissues of cwd-affected captive mule deer, rocky mountain elk and hybrids of captive mule deer and white-tailed deer. we now report on the presence of abno ... | 1993 | 8372644 |
| characterization of serum lysosomal enzymatic activities. iii. effect of infectious influenza in egyptian equines. | an outbreak of infectious influenza was recognized in menofeia governorate in october 1989. eight naturally influenza infected as well as 8 healthy control horses, mules and donkeys were selected for collection of blood and sera separation to estimate four lysosomal enzymatic activities and to describe the clinical findings, which were fever, congested nasal, conjunctival membranes and cough. bronchopneumonia followed later with bilateral purulent nasal discharge as a complication in 2 donkeys. ... | 1993 | 8387424 |
| isolation and in vitro cultivation of babesia parasites from free-ranging desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis nelsoni) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california. | protozoal parasites of the genus babesia were isolated for the first time from free-ranging desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis nelsoni) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) populations in california by in vitro culture of host blood. these naturally infected animals did not have microscopically detectable parasitemia at the time blood was collected for parasite cultivation. three isolates of small babesia parasites were cultured from different sample groups of bighorn sheep, and 2 isolates of ... | 1993 | 8437062 |
| neuropathology of chronic wasting disease of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). | the pathology of the central nervous system of nine mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and six elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) with chronic wasting disease, a spongiform encephalopathy of mule deer and elk, was studied by light microscopy. lesions were similar in both species and were characterized by spongiform transformation of gray matter, intracytoplasmic vacuolation of neurons, neuronal degeneration and loss, astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia, occurrence of amyloid plaques, and absence of si ... | 1993 | 8442326 |
| first report of immature thelazia skrjabini (nematoda: thelazioidea) from the eye of a white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus. | the eyes from 103 hunter-killed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and 19 mule deer (o. hemionus) killed between 28 november to 14 december 1991 from wainwright, alberta were examined for thelazia spp. one immature male and two immature female thelazia skrjabini were collected from beneath the third eyelid of one adult female o. virginianus. this is the first report of t. skrjabini in a member of the cervidae. | 1993 | 8445781 |
| ultrastructural neuropathology of chronic wasting disease in captive mule deer. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a progressive and uniformly fatal neurological disorder, is characterized neuropathologically by intraneuronal vacuolation, spongiform change of the neuropil and astrocytic hyperplasia and hypertrophy. ultrastructural neuropathological findings consist of (1) extensive vacuolation in neuronal processes, within myelin sheaths, formed by splitting at the major dense lines or within axons; (2) dystrophic neurites (dendrites, axonal preterminals and myelinated axons co ... | 1993 | 8480515 |
| body smuggling of illicit drugs: two cases requiring surgical intervention. | the smuggling of illicit drugs by concealing them within the human body has become a widespread practice. those individuals who transport packaged drugs are commonly known as "body packers" or "mules". "body stuffers," on the other hand, are individuals who emergently place the contraband in a body orifice when they sense apprehension is imminent. in the latter instance, the drugs are not well packaged for transportation by human "consumption," hence the high risk for leakage. these individuals ... | 1993 | 8506530 |
| forensic identification of ungulate species using restriction digests of pcr-amplified mitochondrial dna. | a survey of mitochondrial d-loop variation in 15 species of ungulates was conducted via amplification by the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. this survey included moose (alces alces), caribou (rangifer tarandus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (o. h. columbianus), white-tailed deer (o. virginianus), waipiti (cervus elaphus), pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), stone's she ... | 1995 | 8522926 |
| isolation of coronaviruses antigenically indistinguishable from bovine coronavirus from wild ruminants with diarrhea. | diarrheal feces from three sambar deer and one waterbuck in a wild animal habitat and one white-tailed deer on a wildlife farm in ohio contained coronavirus particles which were agglutinated by antiserum to bovine coronavirus (bcv) in immune electron microscopy. three coronavirus strains were isolated in human rectal tumor cells from the feces of the sambar and white-tailed deer and the waterbuck, respectively. hemagglutination, receptor-destroying enzyme activity, indirect immunofluorescence, h ... | 1995 | 8586714 |
| bovine tuberculosis in a free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from montana. | a survey of 41 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and three white-tailed deer (o. virginianus) for bovine tuberculosis was conducted on a montana (usa) cattle ranch from 2 november 1993 through january 1994. gross and microscopic lesions typical of tuberculosis were present in tonsil and lymph nodes of the head, thorax, and abdomen of one adult female mule deer. additionally, a single microgranuloma considered morphologically suggestive of tuberculosis was present in one lymph node of the head of a ... | 1995 | 8592372 |
| seroprevalence of two babesia spp. isolates in selected bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) populations in california. | sera from 111 bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) and 95 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay for antibodies to two isolates of babesia spp. recently obtained from these hosts in california (usa). the study populations were from six locations: three areas of real or potential sympatry of bighorn sheep and deer, one area with deer only, and two areas with bighorn sheep only. antibody titers from seroreactive individuals were similar with both babesial ... | 1995 | 8592376 |
| blue-cone horizontal cells in the retinae of horses and other equidae. | the morphology of horizontal cells chiefly of the horse, but also of asses, mules, and a zebra, has been examined by lucifer yellow injections into lightly fixed retinae and by immunocytochemistry. in common with other mammals, equids have a b-type horizontal cell, i.e., a cell with dendrites synapsing with cones and possessing a single axon synapsing with rods. most mammalian retinae have a further type of horizontal cell, the a-type, also synapsing with cones but without an axon. the second ty ... | 1996 | 8627374 |
| [human spongiform encephalopathies. diseases caused by prions]. | spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases are common denominators for a group of diseases, all fatal, which show characteristic neuropathological changes. in man the group includes four diseases: kuru, creutzfeldt-jakob's disease (cjd), gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker's disease (gss) and fatal familial insomnia (ffi). in animals it comprises the following six: scrapie (sheep and goats), transmissible mink encephalopathy (mink), chronic wasting disease (mule/elk), exotic ungulate encephalopath ... | 1996 | 8701521 |
| receptivity and susceptibility of the domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos), the muscovy duck (cairina moschata), and their hybrid, the mule duck, to an experimental infection by eimeria mulardi. | the receptivity and susceptibility of the muscovy duck, the domestic duck, and their hybrid, the mule duck, toward an experimental infection by eimeria mulardi were studied. to appraise their susceptibility, female ducklings were infected with a dose of 75,000 oocysts per duckling (bringing about a clinical coccidiosis). in another group, to compare the multiplication rates of the parasite in the three species of ducks, thus assessing their receptivity, an infection with 750 oocysts per duckling ... | 1996 | 8713040 |
| infectious keratoconjunctivitis in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from zion national park, utah. | an epizootic of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ik) was studied opportunistically in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from zion national park, utah (usa), from november 1992 to march 1994. moraxella sp. and chlamydia sp. were isolated from the conjunctiva of two of seven deer. in addition, thelazia californiensis occurred on the conjunctivas of six of seven deer. based on field observations, adults appeared to be affected clinically at a higher incidence during both years as opposed ... | 1996 | 8722272 |
| failure of endometrial cup development in the donkey-in-horse model of equine abortion. | the mature preinvasive chorionic girdles of horse, mule, donkey and extraspecies donkey-in-horse conceptuses, and the very young endometrial cups on d 37 of gestation in mares carrying horse, mule and transferred donkey-in-horse conceptuses, were compared histologically and ultrastructurally to determine possible mechanisms underlying failure of endometrial cup development in the donkey-in-horse model of equine abortion. the progenitor chorionic girdle from the failing donkey-in-house pregnancy ... | 1996 | 8763475 |
| systemic adenovirus infection associated with high mortality in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california. | seventeen counties in northern california experienced epizootics of high mortality in the mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) population during the latter half of 1993. thirteen deer submitted to the california veterinary diagnostic laboratory system as part of this natural die-off had systemic adenovirus infection. pulmonary edema was present in all 13 deer. erosions, ulceration, and abscessation of the upper alimentary tract occurred in 7/13 deer. four of 13 deer had hemorrhagic enteritis. all 13 ... | 1996 | 8801705 |
| prevalence of antibody to malignant catarrhal fever virus in wild and domestic ruminants by competitive-inhibition elisa. | a competitive-inhibition elisa (ci-elisa), based on a monoclonal antibody to an epitope conserved among malignant catarrhal fever virus (mcfv) strains of both wildebeest and sheep origin, was used to determine the prevalence of antibody to mcfv in selected domestic and wild ruminants, both free-ranging and captive, from the usa. we evaluated 2528 sera from 14 species between 1990 and 1995, including 80 pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), 339 bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), 103 biston (b ... | 1996 | 8827669 |
| crossbreeding effects on reproductive traits in two strains of duck (anas platyrhynchos): brown tsaiya and pekin. | 1. the reproductive performances of 211 domestic duck females (anas platyrhynchos) from the pure breeds brown tsaiya (ts) and pekin (pk) and their two reciprocal crossbreds were analysed. 2. differences in the 4 genotypes, additive direct and maternal crossbreeding effects and heterosis were estimated on the following traits: age at first egg, egg production to the ages of 30, 35, 40 and 52 weeks of age, egg weight at 30 weeks of age, and (egg) fertility by artificial insemination with muscovy d ... | 1996 | 8842464 |
| spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in northcentral colorado. | between march 1981 and june 1995, a neurological disease characterized histologically by spongiform encephalopathy was diagnosed in 49 free-ranging cervids from northcentral colorado (usa). mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) were the primary species affected and accounted for 41 (84%) of the 49 cases, but six rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) and two white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were also affected. clinical signs included emaciation, excessive salivation, behavioral changes, ... | 1997 | 9027685 |
| a survey for antibodies to equine arteritis virus in donkeys, mules and zebra using virus neutralisation (vn) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | a seroepidemiological survey of donkeys in south africa (n = 4300) indicated a wide distribution and increasing prevalence of antibodies to equine arteritis virus (eav). donkey sera inhibited equine arteritis virus infection in virus neutralisation (vn) tests and in elisa specifically bound to a recombinant antigen derived from the bucyrus isolate of eav. these results suggest that donkeys have been exposed to the same serotype of this virus as circulates among horses. a good correlation existed ... | 1997 | 9031862 |
| placental localization of relaxin in the pregnant mare. | in situ hybridization employing a crna probe derived from a 428-bp fragment of equine relaxin was used to localize relaxin mrna, and immunocytochemistry was used to localize relaxin itself, in tissues of the placenta-endometrium interface recovered between 33 and 153 days of gestation from mares carrying intraspecific horse, interspecific mule and extraspecific donkey conceptuses. immunocytochemical staining was also used to localize trophoblast-specific and class i major histocompatibility comp ... | 1997 | 9089772 |
| field trial evaluation of detomidine as a sedative and analgesic in horses with colic. | in this uncontrolled clinical study 12 investigators cooperated to evaluate the analgesic and sedative effect of detomidine (dormosedan; farmos group ltd; finland) in 234 horses with abdominal pain caused by colic. the study was designed to use each animal as its own control and to evaluate its response to the drug over a 60 min period. detomidine was given intravenously (i.v.) once in 169 cases (167 horses, 1 mule, 1 donkey) at a dose of 20 micrograms/kg bodyweight (bwt), and to 65 horses at 40 ... | 1989 | 9118092 |
| pathogen exposure patterns among sympatric populations of bighorn sheep, mule deer and cattle. | we sampled sympatric bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis, n = 31), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus, n = 38), and domestic cattle (n = 26) in the san bernadino mountains of southern california (usa) for the presence of psoroptes spp. mites and for serologic evidence of exposure to bluetongue virus (btv) and babesia spp. from 1991 through 1994, psoroptes spp. infestations were found on 12 (44%) of 27 bighorn sheep. no mites were found on mule deer or cattle. the btv serum antibody prevalence in a cohort ... | 1997 | 9131583 |
| [description of eimeria mulardi n. sp. from the hybrid duck. study of the endogenous phase of its developmental cycle with demonstration of intranuclear development]. | a new species of coccidium. eimeria mulardi n. sp., has been described from the mule duck. the endogenous cycle is studied in experimentally infected ducks. a least two generations of meronts were observed, mainly in the lamina propria of jejunum and ileum and the gametogony occurred principally in glandular cells of the intestinal tract, except in duodenum. all the endogenous stages were localized in the nucleus of the cell. | 1994 | 9235191 |
| testicular atrophy in a mule deer population. | monitoring mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) on a former plutonium production site along the columbia river at the hanford site, washington (usa) revealed 27 (23%) of 116 adult males had unusually shaped, velvet-covered antlers and abnormally developed testicles. we captured 32 males to examine age-class differences and the ratio of affected to unaffected deer and determine whether affected testicles were atrophic or hypoplastic. we found testicular atrophy in most deer with velvet-covered antlers ... | 1997 | 9249686 |
| experimental infection of deer with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | in order to determine the susceptibility of deer to infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), four mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) fawns and one white-tailed deer (o. virginianus) fawn were inoculated intranasally with the new york-1 strain of bvdv originally isolated from cattle. none of the animals developed clinical signs of illness. virus was isolated from white blood cells from four fawns on one or more occasions from day 2 through day 15 post-inoculation (pi) indicating that infec ... | 1997 | 9249703 |
| high sequence homology of the prp gene in mule deer and rocky mountain elk. | | 1997 | 9250209 |
| [length of gestation of freiberger mares with mule and horse foals]. | in a retrospective study the gestation lengths of two groups, each consisting of 193 "freiberger" mares, were compared. the mares of the first group were bred by a donkey, those of the second group by a stallion of the "freiberger" breed. on average, the gestation length of mares with "freiberger" foals lasted 336.5 days, and that of mares with mule foals 343.1 days. the difference between both groups was significant (p < 0.001). the shortest and longest observed gestation length of mares with " ... | 1997 | 9281060 |
| [equine recurrent uveitis]. | equine recurrent uveitis is an important ocular disease and the most common cause for blindness in horses and mules worldwide. the anatomy, physiology, immunology and inflammatory reactions of the uveal tract are discussed. possible etiologies and the clinical signs are described. a detailed description of possible therapies is given and the prognosis is discussed. | 1997 | 9324749 |
| the spatial and seasonal distribution of african horse sickness and its potential culicoides vectors in morocco. | african horse sickness (ahs) is a vector-borne, infectious disease of equines that is caused by african horse sickness virus (ahsv). the only proven field vector is the biting midge culicoides imicola, although c. obsoletus and c. pulicaris are suspected vectors. there was a recent epizootic of ahs in iberia (1987-90) and morocco (1989-91). in 1994-45 a total of 3887 light trap samples were taken from twenty-two sites distributed over most of morocco. culicoides imicola was found to be very wide ... | 1997 | 9330250 |
| neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia in a quarter horse foal. | neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is recognized as a spontaneous disease of human infants, piglets, and possibly mules, but it has not been previously reported in horses. a 1-day-old quarter horse foal presented to michigan state university large animal clinic with severe thrombocytopenia of unknown origin. immunoglobulins that bound to the foal's platelets were identified in the mare's plasma, serum, and milk by indirect assays. the immunoglobulins were further shown to recognize platelets f ... | 1997 | 9348499 |
| mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus elaphus) as experimental definitive hosts for fascioloides magna. | in august 1992, six mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) fawns and four elk (cervus elaphus) calves (n = 2) or yearlings (n = 2) each were inoculated orally with 50, 250, or 2,000 metacercariae of the liver fluke fascioloides magna to evaluate their potential to serve as definitive hosts. animals were maintained for up to 403 days. three mule deer each inoculated with 50 metacercariae survived the infection and shed eggs in feces; thus mule deer can function as definitive hosts for f. magna. ... | 1996 | 9359058 |
| biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei. | artiodactyl and perissodactyl calcanei have been recently introduced as models for examining bone for mechanically mediated adaptation. we have reported substantial regional variations in cortical bone microstructure and mineral content within the same cross-section of mule deer calcanei. in part, these variations may be adaptations accommodating the customary presence of predominantly tension, compression, and shear strain modes in mutually exclusive cortical locations. calcanei from skeletally ... | 1997 | 9372164 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mycobacterium bovis isolates from captive and free-ranging animals. | mycobacterium bovis isolates from cattle, captive elk, and free-ranging mule deer and coyotes were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. dna extracted from each isolate was digested with restriction endonucleases alui and pvuii. dna probes used for southern hybridizations were a 37-base oligonucleotide and a 123-base-pair sequence specific for the insertion sequence is6110 and a plasmid, ptbn12, which contains a polymorphic gc-rich repetitive sequence present in s ... | 1997 | 9376427 |
| interspecific and extraspecific pregnancies in equids: anything goes. | equids possess the unusual ability to interbreed freely among the phenotypically and karyotypically diverse member species of the genus to produce viable, but usually infertile, offspring. the mule (female horse x male donkey) was humanity's first successful attempt at genetic engineering and its clear expression of both parental phenotypes has contributed much to our understanding of genetic inheritance over the centuries. even more surprising, mares and donkeys have been shown to be capable of ... | 1997 | 9378914 |
| vitreous humor analysis for selected biochemical parameters from cervids in idaho. | vitreous humor and liver samples were collected from hunter-harvested elk (cervus elaphus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in idaho (usa). concentrations of calcium, chloride, potassium, sodium, urea nitrogen and selenium were determined and evaluated according to species, age, gender, geographic location, and time elapsed following death. vitreous humor analysis yielded reliable biochemical information for < or = 96 hr subsequent to the death of the animal. vitreous potassium concentration ... | 1997 | 9391961 |
| carbon dioxide laser as a surgical instrument for sarcoid therapy--a retrospective study on 60 cases. | the objective of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate the carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of single and multiple sarcoids in 60 animals (44 horses, 13 donkeys, 2 mules, and 1 pony). only animals that had been operated on 6 mo or more ago were included. recurrence, new manifestation rate, and cosmetic outcome were determined. recurrence was observed in 23 (38%) individuals. animals with new sarcoid manifestation with or without recurrence of a sarcoid were observed in 35 cases ... | 1997 | 9426943 |
| babesiosis in china. | the importance of babesiosis in livestock in china is discussed and mainly focused on bovine and equine babesiosis. babesiosis is still one of the most important diseases affecting livestock and has caused great economic loss. nine species of babesia have been recognized in livestock: b. bigemina, b. bovis, b. major, b. motasi, b. ovis, b. perroncitoi, b. trautmanni, b. equi (theileria equi), b. caballi. the distribution of babesia follows the distribution of the tick vectors. the main vectors o ... | 1997 | 9512738 |
| histopathological and ultrastructural observations of ovine mammary glands experimentally inoculated with coagulase-negative staphylococci. | the mammary glands of 21 primiparous mule ewes were infected experimentally with one or other of seven isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci belonging to one of four different species. all isolates caused inflammation that contributed to histopathological and ultrastructural changes. histopathological changes varied from various degrees of neutrophilic inflammation at the early stages of infection to extensive mononuclear cell infiltration and development of fibrotic tissue at the late st ... | 1998 | 9529996 |
| [the genetic selection aspects of the "holsteinization" of dairy cattle breeding in ukraine]. | results of the use of holstein-friesian bulls in milk-production cattle breeding in ukraine have been stated. genetic consequences of crossbreeding have been noted. an analysis of pedigrees of holstein bull has shown the availability of predecessors carriers of genes blad, mule-foot, dumps with frequency of their recessive forms 34, 19.3, 3.2%, respectively. | 1997 | 9591346 |
| follicular fluid is not a compulsory carrier of the oocyte at ovulation in the mare. | the aim of this study was to test the possibility that ovulation can occur from a preovulatory follicle emptied of its follicular fluid. transport of the oocyte into the oviduct and fertilisation in 29% of cases demonstrated that ovulation can occur in the absence of follicular fluid but the higher fertility achieved in control mares (62.5%) suggested that follicular fluid does serve a role during ovulation, fertilisation and oviductal transport. injection of horse oocytes into preovulatory foll ... | 1997 | 9593522 |
| effects of follicular aspiration and flushing, and the genotype of the fetus on circulating progesterone levels during pregnancy in the mare. | when aspirating ovarian follicles in pregnant mares to obtain oocytes for in vitro fertilisation (ivf), the effect of the manipulation on circulating concentrations of progesterone may be an important consideration in terms of the maintenance of pregnancy. the object of this study was to compare the effects of 3 different forms of transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration (treatment 1, no aspiration, n = 4; treatment 2, aspirate only follicles > or =20 mm in diameter, n = 7; treatment 3 ... | 1997 | 9593523 |
| plasma lipid changes in the female mule duck (cairina moschata x anas platyrhynchos) experimentally infected with eimeria mulardi. | plasma levels of phospholipids, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (hdl)-cholesterol and hdl-phospholipids were studied in 48 11-d-old female mule ducks infected per os with 5 x 10(3) x 10(4) x 5 x 10(5) sporulated oocysts of eimeria mulardi (d0), or kept as an uninfected control group. data were recorded from d-1 to d17. mortality and weight loss were only observed with the 5 x 10(5) oocyst dose. plasma phospholipids were significantly reduced with the two highest infecting doses on d3, a ... | 1998 | 9601151 |
| [relationship between digestive repletion state and hepatic composition in gavaged mule ducks]. | two batches of male mule ducks were constituted on the basis of the filling state of the crop at slaughter, after being over-fed twice a day for 5 days: no corn in the crop defined 'ov' birds, and corn in the crop defined 'op' birds. 'op' animals presented significantly lower daily consumption during the last 3 days of force-feeding. they had a lighter liver weight than 'ov' ducks (178 versus 197 g), lower hepatic lipid percentages (25.0 versus 33.0%), and enhanced hepatic glycogen rates (4.7 ve ... | 1998 | 9606748 |
| [transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in animals]. | transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in animals are known for centuries. in particular scrapie in sheep and goats occurs worldwide; it spreads as a natural disease and is genetically controlled. chronic wasting disease (cwd) in the united states (wyoming and colorado) also spreads as natural disease among free ranging and captive elk and mule deer. in contrast, transmissible mink encephalopathy (tme) of mink in fur producing farms is caused by contaminated feed; the source of this food cont ... | 1998 | 9611347 |
| monoclonal antibody f89/160.1.5 defines a conserved epitope on the ruminant prion protein. | the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a heterogeneous group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders occurring in humans, mink, cats, and ruminant herbivores. the occurrence of novel transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in cattle in the united kingdom and europe and in mule deer and elk in parts of the united states has emphasized the need for reliable diagnostic tests with standardized reagents. postmortem diagnosis is performed by histologic examination of brain sections from affe ... | 1998 | 9620413 |
| a comparative study of mast cells and eosinophil leukocytes in the mammalian testis. | the existence of a physiological integration between the immune and endocrine systems has long been recognized. in spite of the abundant literature data on the presence of cells of the immune system in the testis, mast cells and eosinophil leukocytes have received little attention. we have studied the presence, distribution and numbers of mast cells and eosinophils in the testes of 12 mammalian species. mast cells were frequently found in equine (stallion, ass and mule) and human testis, whereas ... | 1998 | 9697421 |
| a diet supplement for captive wild ruminants. | nutritional husbandry of captive wild ruminants often requires feeding these animals a supplemental diet to enhance their health, reproductive performance, and productivity. although supplemental diets for wild ruminants are commercially available, few have been evaluated in controlled intake and digestion trials. voluntary intake, digestive efficiency, nitrogen retention, and gross energy utilization of pronghorn (antilocapra americana), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), mountain sheep (ovis can ... | 1998 | 9732028 |
| a catalogue of imprinted genes and parent-of-origin effects in humans and animals. | parent-of-origin effects were first recorded >3000 years ago by mule breeders in asia minor. there are now several different types of evidence suggesting the presence of a large number of imprinted genes, many of which have not yet been identified. here, we catalogue a wide range of evidence and phenomena which indicate or suggest the presence of genomic imprinting in animals. this evidence includes: the direct documentation of parent-of-origin-specific gene transcription; human disease inherita ... | 1998 | 9735381 |
| serological and virological responses in mules and donkeys following inoculation with african horse sickness virus serotype 4. | two groups, comprising 4 donkeys and 4 mules (group 1) and 4 donkeys and 3 mules (group 2), were used to determine the duration of viraemia and to monitor the development of antibodies following inoculation with african horse sickness virus (ahsv). one group of animals was given a single dose of attenuated ahsv serotype 4 (ahsv 4) vaccine. the second group was inoculated with a virulent field strain of ahsv 4. both groups were subsequently challenged with the virulent field strain of ahsv 4, 51 ... | 1998 | 9785493 |
| application of an indirect fluorescent antibody assay for the detection of african horse sickness virus antibodies. | an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) technique was used to screen and quantify antibodies against african horse sickness virus (ahsv) in equine sera. results obtained with the ifa assay were compared directly with those obtained with standard complement fixation (cf) and virus neutralisation (vn) tests using horse sera from experimental studies and samples from the field. positive fluorescent antibody titres were detected from as early as 7 days after primary vaccination and persisted for at l ... | 1998 | 9785515 |
| use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and dot-blot hybridisation for the detection and identification of african horse sickness virus nucleic acids. | a coupled reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (rt-pcr) for the detection of african horse sickness virus (ahsv) dsrna, has been developed using genome segment 7 as the target template for primers. rna from isolates of all nine ahsv serotypes were readily detected. the potential inhibitory effects of either ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (edta) or heparin on the rt-pcr were eliminated by washing blood samples before lysis of the red blood cells and storage. there was a close ... | 1998 | 9785517 |
| testosterone concentrations, testes weight and morphology of mule drakes (muscovy drake x khaki campbell). | 1. mule ducks were produced by naturally mating muscovy drakes and khaki campbell ducks. 2. semen was collected from 6-month-old mule drakes via an artificial vagina. the fluid was clear without any spermatozoa or spermatids. 3. testes from 27-week-old mule drakes were smaller in size than those of khaki campbell drakes but heavier than muscovy males of the same age. histological sections of these testes revealed that spermatogenesis was not complete. 4. testosterone concentration in the mule dr ... | 1998 | 9800046 |
| ehrlichia spp. in cervids from california. | blood samples from six mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), 15 black-tailed deer (o. hemionus columbianus), and 29 elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) were assayed for human monocytic and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), dna sequencing, and serology to determine whether or not cervids are involved in the maintenance of these potential human pathogens in california (usa). the deer were sampled in august to october 1992-95. the 29 tule elk from point reyes n ... | 1998 | 9813842 |
| the host range of chronic wasting disease is altered on passage in ferrets. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a member of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses), was first identified in captive mule and black-tail deer in 1967. due to the failure to transmit cwd to rodents, we investigated the use of ferrets (mustela putorius furo) as a small animal model of cwd. the inoculation of cwd into ferrets resulted in an incubation period of 17-21 months on primary passage that shortened to 5 months by the third ferret passage. the brain tissue of animals inoculated ... | 1998 | 9837794 |
| meningeal worm in free-ranging deer in nebraska. | the meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) was found in 22 (7%) of 300 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) (257 adults, 43 fawns) examined from nebraska (usa) during november 1996. none of 53 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) (47 adults and 6 fawns) examined were infected. twenty-two white-tailed deer from 18 counties in eastern nebraska were infected with parelaphostrongylus tenuis. this is the first record of p. tenuis in white-tailed deer from this state. | 1999 | 10073356 |
| absence of tuberculosis in free-ranging deer in nebraska. | lymph nodes from 271 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in nebraska (usa) were examined microscopically for tuberculoid lesions. lymph nodes lesions in at least one node were found in 12 deer. lesions were examined with zeihl-neelson acid fast stains and by polymerase chain reactions using m. bovis specific probes. no evidence of tuberculosis was found. the small granulomatous lesions were likely caused by other bacteria. | 1999 | 10073357 |
| lesions and transmission of experimental adenovirus hemorrhagic disease in black-tailed deer fawns. | adenovirus infection was the cause of an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease that is believed to have killed thousands of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california during the latter half of 1993. a systemic vasculitis with pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic enteropathy or a localized vasculitis associated with necrotizing stomatitis/pharyngitis/glossitis or osteomyelitis of the jaw were common necropsy findings in animals that died during this epizootic. to study transmission of adenovirus infecti ... | 1999 | 10098637 |
| modulation of allospecific ctl responses during pregnancy in equids: an immunological barrier to interspecies matings? | maternal immune recognition of the developing conceptus in equine pregnancy is characterized by the strongest and most consistent alloantibody response described in any species, a response directed almost exclusively against paternal mhc class i ags. this work investigated the cellular immune response to paternal mhc ags in pregnant and nonpregnant horses and donkeys, and in horses carrying interspecies hybrid mule conceptuses. we observed profound decreases in classical, mhc-restricted, ctl act ... | 1999 | 10201987 |
| administration of toltrazuril during experimental coccidiosis in mule ducks: comparison of the efficacy of a single administration at two different endogenous stages. | an experimental eimeria mulardi coccidiosis was reproduced in mule ducks. a single dose of toltrazuril (7 mg per kg) was administered at two different endogenous stages: day 2 (first meronts) or day 5 (last meronts and gamonts). the efficacy of the drug was assessed on four criteria (body weight, oocyst counts, macroscopic lesions, and presence of the meronts and gamonts). to have a curative effect, a single dose of toltrazuril should be administered early on. however, a single treatment on day ... | 1999 | 10206100 |
| management of indigenous north american deer at the end of the 20th century in relation to large predators and primary production. | five deer species occupy north america: caribou (3.6 x 10(6) individuals), moose (1.1 x 10(6)), white-tailed deer (28.5 x 10(6)), mule deer (5.0 x 10(6)) and wapiti (1.1 x 10(6)). caribou characterise the north of the boreal forest and the tundra, whereas moose dominate in coniferous and mixed forests growing further south. white-tailed deer are typical of the deciduous forests of the east while mule deer replace them in the mountainous terrain of the west. wapiti possess the smallest range, mos ... | 1999 | 10213925 |
| bovine spongiform encephalopathy and new variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease. | bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) and creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) belong to a group of degenerative neurological disorders collectively known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses). the group also includes scrapie of sheep and goats, kuru of humans, chronic wasting disease of mule deer and elk and transmissible encephalopathy of mink. these fatal diseases cause behavioural changes, alterations of sensation, changes in mental state and ataxia. the typical pathology is no ... | 1998 | 10326298 |
| ovulation, fertilization and lambing rates, and peripheral progesterone concentrations, in ewes inseminated at a natural oestrus during november or february. | the objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of seasonal changes in ovulation rate, fertilization rate and embryo survival as the cause of reduced lambing rates in ewes mated in february compared with those mated in november. the study was conducted at 57 degrees n using mature mule ewes and suffolk rams. sixty ewes were allocated equally to five groups: unbred (ub) or mated at a natural oestrus during november (n) or february (f) by natural (n) or cervical artificial (a) ... | 1999 | 10341731 |
| acute phase protein response of ewes and the release of pgfm in relation to uterine involution and the presence of intrauterine bacteria. | the rate of uterine involution postpartum was monitored in 13 suckling mule ewes by using radio-opaque markers and radiography, and each ewe was also monitored for intrauterine bacterial contamination during the first week, using a sterile guarded swab. peripheral plasma or serum concentrations of haptoglobin, seromucoid, ceruloplasmin and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin f2 alpha (pgfm) were measured up to six weeks postpartum. the maximum reduction in the length of the uterine body and in t ... | 1999 | 10358889 |
| corticosterone plasma concentration in male mule ducks: effects of sampling sites, repeated samplings and acth injections. | 1. changes in plasma corticosterone concentrations according to puncture sites and various challenges including injections of an acth agonist (immediate synacthen) were investigated in male mule ducks. 2. lower concentrations were measured in samples drawn by puncture from the occipital sinus than at a wing vein site. 3. immobilisation and a single intramuscular injection of saline solution (1 ml, 0.9%) had no effect on plasma corticosterone after 15 min. 4. a single intramuscular injection of a ... | 1999 | 10465400 |
| radionuclides in deer and elk from los alamos national laboratory and the doses to humans from the ingestion of muscle and bone. | this paper summarizes radionuclide concentrations (3h, 90sr, 137cs, 238pu, 239,240pu, 241am, and totu) in muscle and bone tissue of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus) collected from los alamos national laboratory (lanl), los alamos, new mexico, lands from 1991 through 1998. also, the committed effective dose equivalent (cede) and the risk of excess cancer fatalities (recf) to people who ingest muscle and bone from deer and elk collected from lanl lands were e ... | 1999 | 10466109 |
| alternative approaches to control of cyathostomes: an african perspective. | cyathostomes are common nematode parasites of horses, donkeys and mules in developing countries. these equids usually work on a daily basis and this includes transportation of goods, crops and people. stress, associated with work, and limited nutrition often result in a loss of condition, and cyathostomid nematodes may, then, cause clinical disease. because anthelmintics are not always accessible or affordable in many parts of africa, or there may be anthelmintic resistance to current remedies, ... | 1999 | 10485361 |
| loading conditions and cortical bone construction of an artiodactyl calcaneus. | customary nonuniform distributions of physiological bone strains are thought to evoke heterogeneous material adaptation in diaphyseal cortices of some limb bones. recent studies of artiodactyl calcanei have suggested that the regional prevalence of specific mechanical strain features such as mode and magnitude correlate with specific variations in cortical bone ultrastructure, microstructure and mineralization. these data are also consistent with predictions of current algorithms of mechanically ... | 1999 | 10539972 |
| pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in donkeys, mules, and horses. | to compare serum disposition of flunixin meglumine after i.v. administration of a bolus to horses, donkeys, and mules. | 1999 | 10566824 |
| sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a petting zoo. | in a privately owned petting zoo in arizona, 17 deer from five different species, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), reeve's muntjac (muntiacus reevesi), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus), and axis deer (axis axis), died of suspected malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) over a period from late 1992 to early 1995. a pcr assay specific for ovine herpesvirus 2, the putative causative agent of sheep-associated mcf, and a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorb ... | 1999 | 10572865 |
| oral transmission and early lymphoid tropism of chronic wasting disease prpres in mule deer fawns (odocoileus hemionus). | mule deer fawns (odocoileus hemionus) were inoculated orally with a brain homogenate prepared from mule deer with naturally occurring chronic wasting disease (cwd), a prion-induced transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. fawns were necropsied and examined for prpres, the abnormal prion protein isoform, at 10, 42, 53, 77, 78 and 80 days post-inoculation (p.i.) using an immunohistochemistry assay modified to enhance sensitivity. prpres was detected in alimentary-tract-associated lymphoid tissues ... | 1999 | 10573172 |
| elaeophorosis in bighorn sheep in new mexico. | two bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) in new mexico (usa) were found to be naturally infected with elaeophora schneideri. an adult ram examined in 1997 in the fra cristobal mountains had 26 nematodes in the carotid and iliac arteries, and microfilariae were present in the skin, nasal mucosa, brain, and lungs. this ram was markedly debilitated prior to euthanasia and extensive crusty, scabby lesions were observed on its head. in 1998, a yearling ewe found dead adjacent to watson mountain near the g ... | 1999 | 10574542 |
| african horse sickness in portugal: a successful eradication programme. | african horse sickness (ahs) was diagnosed for the first time in southern portugal in autumn 1989, following outbreaks in spain. ahs virus presence was confirmed by virus isolation and serotyping. an eradication campaign with four sanitary zones was set up by central veterinary services in close collaboration with private organizations. vaccination began on 6 october. in february 1990, vaccination was extended to all portuguese equines (170000 animals). there were 137 outbreaks on 104 farms: 206 ... | 1999 | 10579455 |
| detection and effects on platelet function of anti-platelet antibody in mule foals with experimentally induced neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. | horse mares carrying mule foals were immunized during the last trimester of pregnancy with whole acid-citrate-dextrose-anticoagulated donkey blood to experimentally induce neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. thrombocytopenia occurred in the neonatal mule foals born to immunized horse mares within 24 hours after ingestion of their dams' colostrum. mule foals born to mares not immunized with donkey blood did not develop thrombocytopenia. these findings suggest that antibodies may have been direc ... | 1999 | 10587252 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1998. | during 1998, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,961 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention, a decrease of 6.5% from 8,509 cases in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings reported in 1997. more than 92% (7,358 cases) were in wild animals, whereas > 7.5% (603 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93% in wild animals and 7% in domestic species in 1997). decreases were evident in al ... | 1999 | 10613210 |
| association of moraxella ovis with keratoconjunctivitis in mule deer and moose in wyoming. | six cases of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and moose (alces alces) in wyoming (usa) were investigated during fall and winter of 1995 and 1996. excessive lacrimation, mucopurulent conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal opacity were observed in mule deer. moose had severe mucopurulent conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal ulceration. hemolytic, non-piliated moraxella ovis was isolated from two mule deer and two moose. we attempted to reproduce ikc in thr ... | 2000 | 10813605 |
| meningeal worm in deer from western nebraska. | one hundred seventy-eight white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and 275 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) collected from locker plants in the western 2/3 of nebraska (usa) in november 1997 were examined for the meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis). parelaphostrongylus tenuis was identified in 17 (10%) of 168 white-tailed deer and in one (<1%) of 273 mule deer. this is the first naturally occurring infection of p. tenuis recorded in a mule deer. | 2000 | 10813621 |
| bartonella spp. isolated from wild and domestic ruminants in north america. | bartonella species were isolated from 49% of 128 cattle from california and oklahoma, 90% of 42 mule deer from california, and 15% of 100 elk from california and oregon. isolates from all 63 cattle, 14 deer, and 1 elk had the same polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles. our findings indicate potential for inter- and intraspecies transmission among ruminants, as well as risk that these bartonella spp. could act as zoonotic agents. | 2000 | 10827123 |
| cross-sectional study of faecal shedding of giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium parvum among packstock in the sierra nevada range. | faecal specimens from 305 horses and mules used as packstock at one of 17 commercial or governmental (national park service, us forest service) operations were examined for giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium parvum using immunofluorescent microscopy. fourteen packstock (4.6%) were shedding g. duodenalis cysts, with herd-level prevalences ranging 0-22%. number of packstock in the corral, size of corral and density of packstock in the corral were associated with the odds of shedding g. duodena ... | 2000 | 10836481 |
| phylogenetic relationships of human and wildlife piroplasm isolates in the western united states inferred from the 18s nuclear small subunit rna gene. | the 18s nuclear small subunit ribosomal rna gene of piroplasms from wildlife and human cases of babesiosis in the western usa were isolated by pcr and sequenced. phylogenetic analyses of these sequences and comparisons with sequences from other babesia and theileria species revealed that piroplasm isolates from the human cases were indistinguishable from some of the isolates from the western wildlife species, most notably the isolates from mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). these results suggest t ... | 2000 | 10840978 |
| radiofrequency thermal balloon angioplasty in an experimental model of peripheral arterial stenosis. | to assess the effect of thermal balloon angioplasty on surgically created peripheral arterial stenoses. | 2000 | 10854677 |