| assessing historical exposures of children to power-frequency magnetic fields. | one risk factor for human cancer currently being studied is residential exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields. a key problem in such research is how best to use contemporaneous measurements to assess past magnetic-field exposures. the main goal of the research presented in this paper was to examine the effectiveness of various surrogate measures in predicting historical exposures and to determine if residential power consumptions and the loads served by neighborhood electric networks could ... | 1994 | 7549471 |
| adolescents' preferences regarding human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related physician counseling and hiv testing. | to assess adolescents' preferences regarding human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related physician counseling and hiv testing. | 1995 | 7596723 |
| human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in massachusetts. | | 1995 | 7611594 |
| the paul kallós memorial lecture. from slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis to leukotriene c4 synthase. | the hypothesis of 35 years ago that slowreacting substance of anaphylaxis would prove to be a pathobiologic mediator of reversible airway disease in the human has been validated. the multidisciplinary approach required to achieve this goal has been particularly prominent and consistent for the entire period in the program described in this presentation. | 1995 | 7613129 |
| the incidence of herpes zoster. | there are few population-based studies of the natural history and epidemiology of herpes zoster. although a relatively common cause of morbidity, especially among the elderly, contemporary estimates of herpes zoster incidence are lacking. herein we describe a population-based investigation of incident and recurrent herpes zoster from 1990 through 1992 in a health maintenance organization. | 1995 | 7618983 |
| a model clinic for the initial evaluation and establishment of primary care for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients on initial presentation to primary medical care may have extensive problems relating to medical, substance abuse, psychiatric, and social issues. we examined a model for the initiation of primary medical care for patients infected with hiv at a public hospital and presented the clinical, educational, and research benefits associated with such a clinic. | 1995 | 7618986 |
| movement and distribution of arsenic in the aberjona watershed. | the distribution and movement of arsenic was investigated on the aberjona watershed in eastern massachusetts for the purpose of identifying where and by what processes present and past human exposures to this element could have occurred. it was found that although most of the arsenic was originally released in the headwaters of the watershed, extensive migration had occurred, and the potential for human exposure existed far from designated hazardous waste sites. both surface water and groundwate ... | 1995 | 7621797 |
| reducing employee back injuries in the perioperative setting. | an ergonomic consultant conducted an evaluation of a 14-room surgical suite that had a high rate of employee back injuries. the consultant made five specific recommendations regarding moving patients, maneuvering carts and equipment, using gallbladder boards, walking on wet floors, and accessing power outlets. most of the recommendations were implemented and well received. eighteen months after the implementation of the consultant's recommendations, there was a 25% reduction in the number of bac ... | 1995 | 7632048 |
| wear your hat: representational resistance in safer sex discourse. | through an analysis of four posters used by the aids action committee of massachusetts, this article asks how representation can effectively promote safer sex practices. the images under investigation have different targeted groups--one is aimed at african-american men, one at latinas, and two at gay men. using a frame-work that connects definitions of sex in the respective communities with differences surrounding gender, race, and class, the imagery is unpacked in order to expose the effects of ... | 1994 | 7798606 |
| proinsulin processing in the regulated and the constitutive secretory pathway. | proinsulin is converted to insulin in beta-cell granules. conversion involves endoproteolytic cleavage at the two pairs of basic residues linking the insulin a- and b-chains to c-peptide. the sequence of events leading to complete conversion differs from one proinsulin species to the next. in man, the structure of the proinsulin molecule is such as to favour cleavage at the b-chain/c-peptide junction leading to the generation of des-31,32 split proinsulin as the predominant, naturally occurring ... | 1994 | 7821742 |
| hans-lukas teuber: a tribute. | hans-lukas teuber (1916-1977) was one of the most influential neuropsychologists of his generation. in the first part of his career he headed the psychophysiology laboratory at the new york university--bellevue medical center. there he and his associates played a major role in establishing human neuropsychology as a rigorous experimental science closely linked to contemporary neurophysiology and experimental psychology. in the second part of his career he founded the department of psychology at ... | 1994 | 7833648 |
| the economic burden imposed by a residual case of eastern encephalitis. | to estimate the economic burden imposed by eastern encephalitis (ee), we identified a series of residents of eastern massachusetts who had survived ee infection and enumerated any costs that could be attributed to their experience. the records of three people who suffered only a transient episode of disease were analyzed as well as those of three who suffered severe residual sequelae. transiently affected subjects mainly required assistance for direct medical services; the average total cost per ... | 1995 | 7856830 |
| failure of information as an intervention to modify clinical management. a time-series trial in patients with acute chest pain. | to test whether a low-intensity, nonintrusive intervention improved the efficiency of management of patients with acute chest pain. | 1995 | 7856992 |
| aids among the homeless of boston: a cohort study. | we wanted to compare demographics, risk behaviors, aids-defining diagnoses, and survival between homeless and housed persons with aids in boston from 1983 to 1991. our retrospective cohort study used chart review to identify homeless aids cases and data from the massachusetts aids surveillance program for comparison of homeless and nonhomeless cases. seventy-two homeless and 1,536 nonhomeless boston residents were reported to have aids between jan. 1, 1983, and july 1, 1991. homeless persons wit ... | 1995 | 7859142 |
| cocaine use and risky injection and sexual behaviors. | the association between cocaine use (crack and injection cocaine) and risky behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was investigated among participants in a multi-site study at drug treatment and non-drug treatment sites in worcester, massachusetts. cocaine use was more prevalent among young, african-american men. compared to heroin injectors cocaine injectors had higher risk injection and sexual behaviors. among non-injectors, crack users were more likely to have multiple par ... | 1995 | 7882875 |
| clinical features of microsporidiosis in patients with aids. | microsporidia are protozoan parasites responsible for significant gastrointestinal disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. we report the clinical features of 20 patients with chronic diarrhea for whom microsporidian spores were identified by modified trichrome staining of stool smears and confirmed by biopsy and/or electron microscopy of stool. of the 18 microsporidian protozoa identified to the species level, 14 (78%) were enterocytozoon bieneusi and four (22%) were sept ... | 1994 | 7915548 |
| evaluation of epstein-barr virus antibody patterns and detection of viral markers in the biopsies of patients with hodgkin's disease. | we assessed the relationship of epstein-barr virus (ebv) serology to the presence or absence of ebv genome in 39 cases of hodgkin's disease (hd). biopsies from patients included in 2 previous published studies, 1 involving patients from the united states (eastern massachusetts) and 1 from denmark, were evaluated for ebv (eber-1) and latent membrane protein (lmp-1). the presence of ebv in reed-sternberg cells in the biopsies correlated with the histologic subtype of hd (mixed cellularity and lymp ... | 1994 | 7927903 |
| initial assessment of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: the yield and cost of laboratory testing. | our objective was to determine the yield and cost of standardized laboratory testing of hiv-infected patients entering medical care after testing positive for hiv. an hiv staging and referral clinic in a municipal public hospital was our site for a cross-sectional study, and 308 patients were evaluated in the clinic between february 1, 1990 and october 1, 1991. patients underwent standardized laboratory testing, including hematologic studies, serum chemistries, infectious disease serologies, and ... | 1994 | 7932080 |
| improving medical residents' attitudes toward hiv-infected persons through training in an hiv staging and triage clinic. | to assess the effect of a weekly outpatient clinic for staging and triage of newly identified human-immunodeficiency-virus (hiv)-infected patients on medical residents' attitudes and knowledge regarding care of hiv-infected persons. | 1994 | 7999177 |
| epidemiology of skin disease in hiv infection: a cohort study of health maintenance organization members. | the medical literature suggests that persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have an increased risk of many common and uncommon cutaneous diseases. further, it has been suggested that in hiv-infected people these conditions may be more persistent and they may be more prone to developing adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. we have identified a cohort of 684 hiv-infected persons who were members of a large massachusetts health maintenance organization. based on review of hospita ... | 1994 | 8006432 |
| the incidence of prenatal syphilis at the boston city hospital: a comparison across four decades. | to examine the incidence and epidemiologic correlates of congenital syphilis at an inner-city boston hospital, and draw comparisons with the situation at the same hospital 40 years ago. | 1994 | 8008532 |
| caring for people with human immunodeficiency virus. incorporating the patient's perspective. | the interdisciplinary hiv work team meets to improve care for people with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). through its efforts, including patient and provider focus groups, the team identified what is done well in caring for patients with hiv, the obstacles that patients encounter in accessing care, and how to prepare for the future. the work team has been instrumental in developing ideas and implementing changes by serving as a vehicle for communication and enhancing a spirit of collabor ... | 1994 | 8089718 |
| non-occupational exposures to pesticides for residents of two u.s. cities. | the non-occupational pesticide exposure study, funded by the u.s. environmental protection agency, was designed to assess total human exposures to 32 pesticides and pesticide degradation products in the non-occupational environment; however, the study focused primarily on inhalation exposures. two sites--jacksonville, florida (usa) and springfield/chicopee, massachusetts (usa)--were studied during three seasons: summer 1986 (jacksonville only), spring 1987, and winter 1988. probability samples o ... | 1994 | 8110023 |
| computer interview for screening blood donors for risk of hiv transmission. | to test the ability of a computer-based interview to detect factors related to the risk of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among potential blood donors, and to determine donor reactions to the use of the computer, we compared the rate of detection of hiv-related factors elicited by the computer interview with the rate elicited by standard american red cross procedures (written questionnaires and face-to-face interviews) for assessment of donor suitability. the study was performed at a red ... | 1994 | 8145632 |
| admissions of injection drug users to drug abuse treatment following hiv counseling and testing. | the outcomes of counseling and testing programs related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and risk of infection among injection drug users (idus) are not well known or understood. a counseling and testing outcome of potential public health importance is attaining admission to drug abuse treatment by those idus who are either infected or who are at high risk of becoming infected. the authors investigated factors related to admission to drug abuse treatment among 519 idus who receive ... | 1994 | 8153272 |
| determination of polychlorinated biphenyl levels in the serum of residents and in the homogenates of seafood from the new bedford, massachusetts, area: a comparison of exposure sources through pattern recognition techniques. | we measured the residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in the serum of 23 residents of the new bedford, massachusetts, area and from two homogenates each of bluefish and lobsters from the same area. we used congener-specific and total aroclor quantitative approaches, both of which involved gas chromatography with electron capture detection. using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (electron ionization mode), we confirmed the presence of pcbs in the combined serum samples and in the aliqu ... | 1994 | 8209226 |
| hiv risk among latino adolescents in two new england cities. | latino adolescents in two urban new england areas were surveyed to assess risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission. | 1993 | 8214227 |
| human ehrlichiosis in new england. | | 1994 | 8272102 |
| the nobel lectures in immunology. the nobel prize for physiology or medicine, 1990. the first successful organ transplants in man. | | 1994 | 8290887 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1992. | in 1992, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,644 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention. almost 92% (7,912 cases) were wild animals, the largest number of wild animals ever reported, whereas 8.5% (732 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 23.9% over that of 1991 (6,975 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons. t ... | 1993 | 8307825 |
| isolation of mycobacterium avium complex from water in the united states, finland, zaire, and kenya. | disseminated infection with organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a common complication of aids in the united states and other developing countries, but it is rare or absent in sub-saharan africa. to assess the comparative likelihood of exposure to mac in these geographic areas, we used a standard protocol to culture 91 water samples from environmental sites and piped water supply systems in the united states, finland, zaire, and kenya. mac was isolated from all geographic areas ... | 1993 | 8308115 |
| linkage analysis in familial alzheimer disease: description of the duke and boston data sets. | familial alzheimer diseases is a neurological disorder of adult onset. three research centers have each contributed their families and genetic linkage data for combined analyses. the data from the duke and boston centers, comprising 73 pedigrees for whom numerous markers on chromosomes 19 and 21 were typed are described. | 1993 | 8314027 |
| sib-pair linkage analyses of alzheimer's disease. | sib-pair linkage analyses were used to search for linkage to a set of chromosome 19 and 21 marker loci in two sets of families with alzheimer's disease. the advantage of this technique is that no assumption is made about the mode of inheritance of the disease. some mild suggestions of linkage were found in early-onset families for a chromosome 21 marker and in a set of late-onset families for a chromosome 19 marker. | 1993 | 8314029 |
| analysis of discrete phenotypes using a multipoint identity-by-descent method: application to alzheimer's disease. | the multipoint identity-by-descent method was developed to detect linkage to a specific chromosomal region through partitioning the genetic variance. this method has previously been applied to quantitative traits, and here is extended to a qualitative trait, where a dichotomous affected/unaffected status variable is transformed to a quantitative variable by incorporating covariates. this method is applied to the alzheimer's disease data sets from genetic analysis workshop 8, to investigate putat ... | 1993 | 8314031 |
| detecting heterogeneity with the affected-pedigree-member (apm) method. | we have developed a novel test of heterogeneity based on the apm method. we present tests of this method on both empiric and simulated data. | 1993 | 8314034 |
| is a single mutation at the same locus responsible for all affected cases in a large alzheimer pedigree (fad4)? | analysis of marker segregation in the large alzheimer pedigree, fad4, leads to the conclusion, with a type i error of 5%, of linkage heterogeneity between two branches of the pedigree: the disease cosegregates with chromosome 21 markers flanking the app area in one branch and not in the other one. thus, we conclude that a single mutation in the chromosome 21 region surrounding app cannot be responsible for all the affected cases in this pedigree. | 1993 | 8314039 |
| heterogeneity testing for alzheimer's disease within and between data sets. | we examined the three alzheimer's disease (ad) family data sets for heterogeneity. four markers that were represented in all three data sets were selected for analysis. markers bcl3/ecor-mlu and d19s13/taqi were chosen for chromosome 19 and d21s13/taqi and d21s16/xbai for chromosome 21. homogeneity testing was performed on the data by use of morton's pre-divided samples test (ps-test) and smith's admixture test (a-test). the c-test of maclean et al. [1992] was also used to test for linkage in th ... | 1993 | 8314041 |
| two new approaches toward linkage heterogeneity of fad: two-locus models and age of onset as a discriminator. | we present two new approaches to the problem of genetic heterogeneity encountered in linkage analysis of familial alzheimer's disease. we used two-locus models to represent the possible existence of two disease genes while allowing for intrafamilial heterogeneity, and modeled the occurrence of the early onset form of the disease with epistasis. we developed a mixture model of heterogeneity where the early and late onset family types can be either linked to chromosome 19, 21, or unlinked, and whe ... | 1993 | 8314043 |
| health-related quality of life in persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | assessing health-related quality of life in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is extremely important, but most available scales are too long, contain items that are not relevant for such persons, or do not assess important signs and symptoms of hiv infection. this study presents a new set of scales for assessing the symptoms and functioning of persons infected with hiv and reports data on their reliability and validity collected in face-to-face interviews with 189 patients ... | 1993 | 8326772 |
| spire corporation: a paradigm for success in the 90s. | there is much talk now of "defense conversion" and the need to turn a given country's "peace dividend" into improving its "infrastructure." beyond the obvious political rhetoric, those terms bode well for the field of biotechnology. every facet of technology must attend to its "delivery system," for the same obvious reason, roads and bridges must be maintained and improved. in the case of biosensors and their delivery into the human body, for example, it stands to reason that adequate focus shou ... | 1993 | 8357570 |
| cognitive impairment and the use of health services in an elderly rural population: the movies project. monongahela valley independent elders survey. | to describe the patterns of use of health and human services by elderly rural individuals and to determine whether cognitively impaired persons had a distinctive pattern of service utilization. | 1993 | 8409151 |
| canine exposure to borrelia burgdorferi and prevalence of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) on deer as a measure of lyme disease risk in the northeastern united states. | surveillance programs that identify areas where both the vector (ixodes dammini) and etiologic agent (borrelia burgdorferi) are present may identify the risk of lyme disease and its spread earlier and more accurately than do programs relying on any single method, particularly human case reports. hunter-killed deer (n = 1,204) from 22 counties in maryland, massachusetts, new hampshire, new york, and pennsylvania were examined in fall 1989 and all ectoparasites were identified. the following sprin ... | 1993 | 8433324 |
| ethnocultural influences on variation in chronic pain perception. | in multiple studies cultural affiliation has been found to have an important influence on perception of and response to experimental and acute pain. despite that evidence little work has been directed to understanding the cultural dimensions of the chronic pain experience. we present the results of a quantitative study of reported chronic pain perception in 372 chronic pain patients in six ethnic groups, who were under treatment at a multidisciplinary pain-management center. the role of ethnic a ... | 1993 | 8446431 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis applied for comparing listeria monocytogenes strains involved in outbreaks. | recent food-borne outbreaks of human listeriosis as well as numerous sporadic cases have been mainly caused by listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b strains. thus, it was of interest to find out whether a certain clone or a certain few clones were responsible for these cases and especially for outbreaks. we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large chromosomal dna restriction fragments generated by apai, smai, or noti to analyse 75 l. monocytogenes strains isolated during six major and eight sm ... | 1993 | 8500010 |
| hiv infection as leading cause of death among young adults in us cities and states. | to describe the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has become the leading cause of death among young adults (25 to 44 years of age) in us states and cities of at least 100,000 population. | 1993 | 8501840 |
| elevated incidence of childhood leukemia in woburn, massachusetts: niehs superfund basic research program searches for causes. | between 1966 and 1986, the childhood leukemia rate in woburn, massachusetts, was 4-fold higher than the national average. a multidisciplinary research team from mit, which is being supported by the niehs superfund basic research program, has explored the possible importance of a temporal correlation between the period of elevated leukemia and a previously unrecognized mobilization of toxic metals from a waste disposal site in north woburn. residents of woburn may have been exposed to arsenic (70 ... | 1995 | 8549500 |
| health values of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. relationship to mental health and physical functioning. | to assess the health values of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and examine the relationships between their health values and health status at two points in time, the authors sought to determine whether patients' physical and mental health statuses were good predictors of how they valued their current state of health. one hundred thirty-nine patients with various stages of hiv infection were interviewed in a prospective cohort study based in a primary care practice of a ... | 1996 | 8551811 |
| hemocytic rickettsia-like organisms in ticks: serologic reactivity with antisera to ehrlichiae and detection of dna of agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis by pcr. | ixodid ticks were collected from connecticut, massachusetts, missouri, pennsylvania, rhode island, and british columbia (canada) during 1991 to 1994 to determine the prevalence of infection with hemocytic (blood cell), rickettsia-like organisms. hemolymph obtained from these ticks was analyzed by direct and indirect fluorescent antibody (fa) staining methods with dog, horse, or human sera containing antibodies to ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia equi, or rickettsia rickettsii. of the 693 nymphal and a ... | 1995 | 8567911 |
| the visible human data set: an image resource for anatomical visualization. | the national library of medicine (nlm) has long been a world leader in the archiving and distribution of the print-based images of biology and medicine. nlm has also been a pioneer in the use of computer systems to encode and distribute textual knowledge of the life sciences. nlm's long range planning effort of 1985-86 foresaw a coming era where nlm's bibliographic and factual database services would be complemented by libraries of digital images, distributed over high speed computer networks an ... | 1995 | 8591405 |
| invasive pneumococcal infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | invasive pneumococcal infection (ipi) is the most common serious bacterial infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children. data from a population-based pediatric hiv surveillance project were used to determine the incidence of ipi in hiv-infected children and to conduct a case-control study assessing potential risk factors for ipi in hiv-infected children. there were 50 episodes of ipi and a cumulative incidence of 6.1 cases/100 patient-years through age 7 years. children with ... | 1996 | 8603965 |
| recent advances in the laboratory of molecular and cellular cardiology. | this article highlights some of the research in cardiac molecular biology in progress in the department of cardiology at children's hospital. it provides a sampling of investigative approaches to key questions in cardiovascular development and function and, as such, is intended as an overview rather than a comprehensive treatment of these problems. the featured projects, encompassing four different "model" systems, include (1) genetic analysis of the mef2 gene required for fruit fly cardial cell ... | 1995 | 8604921 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma in the united states. prognostic features, treatment outcome, and survival. | the purpose of this study was to investigate prognostic factors at presentation and the survival of north american patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). | 1996 | 8635087 |
| reliability of self-reported human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors in a residential drug treatment population. | this study examined test-retest reliabilities of self-reported human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) sexual and drug injection behaviors among 246 prior drug users admitted to either of two residential drug treatment programs in westborough, massachusetts, and providence, rhode island, between june 1990 and september 1992. participants, selected by their date of admission, were administered admission and reliability questionnaires pertaining to hiv risk behaviors, the latter at approximately 2 week ... | 1996 | 8651235 |
| using administratively collected hospital discharge data for aids surveillance. | the objectives of this study were twofold: to improve methods of identifying possible and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related hospital discharges in administrative databases and to measure aids-reporting completeness in massachusetts both overall and by subgroup. we used fiscal year 1988 discharge data from the massachusetts rate setting commission (rsc) and data from the massachusetts aids reporting system (ars). we identified 3362 discharges of adult patients (> 12 years old) fro ... | 1995 | 8653205 |
| clinical predictors of functioning in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | to help clinicians better assess and treat functional disabilities in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), the authors estimate empirical relations among biologic and physiologic variables, symptoms, and physical functioning in persons with aids. the sample of 305 persons with aids for this cross-sectional analysis came from three sites in boston, massachusetts: a hospital-based group practice, a human immunodeficiency virus clinic at a city hospital, and a staff-model health ... | 1996 | 8656726 |
| chemistry, toxicology, and human health risk of cyanide compounds in soils at former manufactured gas plant sites. | cyanide-containing wastes are commonly found in soils at former manufactured gas plant (mgp) sites, also known as town gas sites. the complex forms of cyanide are responsible for the blue-stained soils and rocks found at these sites. most concentrations of cyanide at mgp sites are below 2000 ppm, although concentrations greater than 20,000 ppm have been observed. an understanding of the chemistry of the mgp cyanide-containing compounds, their fate, and transport as well as their toxicology is cr ... | 1996 | 8661329 |
| the impact of the medicare influenza demonstration project on influenza vaccination in a county in massachusetts, 1988-1992. | influenza and related pneumonia continue to cause significant amounts of morbidity and mortality despite the availability of effective vaccines. two comparable counties in massachusetts served as project areas of a national trial to see if reimbursement for immunizing medicare-b eligible recipients against influenza would increase the use of the vaccine and reduce the costs attributed to related morbidity. providers of health and social services to elders were recruited to participate in one cou ... | 1996 | 8726210 |
| emerging participatory approaches to ergonomic interventions in the construction industry. | the central artery/third harbor tunnel (ca/t) construction project in boston is the largest and most costly highway construction project ever undertaken in the united states. the construction occupational health project (cohp) of the work environment department at the university of massachusetts-lowell was established to conduct exposure assessment and to develop, introduce, and evaluate interventions in the areas of ergonomics and industrial hygiene on the ca/t project. for both political and p ... | 1996 | 8728154 |
| preferred sources of aids information, risk perceptions, and risk behaviors among inner-city community college students. | to understand preferred sources of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) information and level of worry about human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among community college students, a survey of 102 students in an inner-city community college was conducted. the survey requested information on preferred sources of information about aids, risk behaviors, and level of worry about hiv infection compared with other life risks. forty-six per cent of respondents had engaged in risk behaviors for aids. ... | 1996 | 8776063 |
| animal care and use: an issue now and in the future. | animal rights proponents equate human and animal rights or capacity to suffer pain. animal welfare is a philosophy that centers on animal well-being, a stewardship role that producers view as affecting profitability but the general public may view as having additional components. the agenda of some animal rights proponents may be positioned under the guise of animal welfare to gain acceptability for portions of their work. currently, guidelines and accreditation programs targeted at ensuring pro ... | 1996 | 8778107 |
| use of computational models to reconstruct and predict trichloroethylene exposure. | in this study, a type frequently encountered by atsdr, groundwater and surface-water contamination have occurred near the gratuity road site in the town of groton, massachusetts. a petitioned public health assessment for the gratuity road site identified the primary contaminants as trichloro-ethylene (tce), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (tca), hexavalent chromium (cr+6), chromium (cr), and lead (pb) (atsdr 1992). the health assessment also indicated that off-site residential groundwater wells had been c ... | 1996 | 8794528 |
| the significance of isolated antibody to hepatitis b core antigen seropositivity in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1996 | 8816158 |
| radioiodine and thyroid disease: the beginning. | in 1936, karl compton, then president of the massachusetts institute of technology (mit) and the thyroid group of the massachusetts general hospital (mgh), undertook a joint study that led to the production of small amounts of short-lived radioiodine (iodine 128, half-life, 25 min). the original intent was to use it for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease, but in order to explore the underlying physiology, their first work was performed in rabbits and published in 1938. it clearly showed ... | 1996 | 8829276 |
| dangerous and cancer-causing properties of products and chemicals in the oil-refining and petrochemical industry--part xxii: health hazards from exposure to gasoline containing methyl tertiary butyl ether: study of new jersey residents. | methyl tertiary butyl ether has caused the following cancers in rats and mice: kidney, testicular, liver, lymphomas, and leukemias. thus, in the absence of adequate data on humans, it is biologically plausible and prudent to regard methyl tertiary butyl ether-for which there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals-as a probable human carcinogen. this means that some humans are at extreme risk of contracting cancers resulting from their exposure to oxygenated gasoline co ... | 1996 | 8989842 |
| trials of 9-amino-20(s)-camptothecin in boston. | 9-amino-20(s)-camptothecin (9-ac) is an analog of camptothecin with limited water solubility which has shown significant preclinical activity in a variety of human solid tumor xenografts. a phase i trial using a soluble formulation of 9-ac, given as a 72-hour continuous infusion, has been completed. thirty-one patients with resistant cancers received 5-60 micrograms/m2/h at three week intervals. the maximum tolerated dose (mtd) was 45 micrograms/m2/hour. neutropenia was the dose limiting toxicit ... | 1996 | 8993518 |
| inadequate hepatitis b vaccination of adolescents and adults at an urban community health center. | hepatitis b remains a major public health problem in the united states, but public vaccination policy has targeted infants rather than the high-risk adults who constitute the vast majority of patients at imminent risk of infection. the effects of this policy were studied at a community health center in boston. adolescents and adults who attended a community health center between january 1, 1992 and may 31, 1993 and had human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or another sexually transmitted disease (s ... | 1997 | 9046761 |
| hiv and hepatitis b infection and risk behavior in young gay and bisexual men. | to estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections and unprotected anal intercourse among young homosexual and bisexual men. | 1997 | 9071279 |
| human rabies--new hampshire, 1996. | on august 20, 1996, a 32-year-old resident of new hampshire died in a massachusetts hospital from an illness characterized by rapid neurologic deterioration. rabies had been clinically suspected on the date of her transfer from a new hampshire hospital (august 14) and was confirmed by cdc on august 17. this report summarizes the investigation of this case by the state health departments of new hampshire, massachusetts, maryland, and pennsylvania, which implicated a dog in kathmandu, nepal, as th ... | 1997 | 9091784 |
| endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract as a diagnostic tool for children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal tract lesions in children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who undergo endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and to identify important clinical predictors of abnormal endoscopic results. | 1997 | 9152287 |
| the impact of restructuring and work design on nursing practice and patient care. | the purpose of this study was to examine if registered nurses' (rns) reports of the structure, work processes and performance of massachusetts hospitals have changed over a five year period. responses of 928 randomly selected rns surveyed in 1989 and 858 randomly selected rns in 1994 to the rn quality of worklife survey (rnqows) were compared. data analysis was performed with a between-subjects multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for number of years as an rn and as a member of a col ... | 1996 | 9192592 |
| school-related issues among hiv-infected children. | many children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are surviving long enough to reach school age. this study describes issues related to school attendance and disclosure of hiv infection in a population of hiv-infected children. | 1997 | 9200382 |
| the latino health advocacy program: a collaborative lay health advisor approach. | there have been numerous calls in the literature for health educators to develop programs to improve access to and utilization of health and human services by traditionally underserved communities, including latinos. while the literature suggests several principles that can guide the development of these programs, it is important to address the needs, and build on the strengths, of the specific community of interest. it is, therefore, important to use collaborative approaches in which community ... | 1997 | 9247827 |
| factors associated with hiv testing among sexually active adolescents: a massachusetts survey. | to assess sexually active adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing and to determine the factors important in their decision to obtain voluntary hiv testing. | 1997 | 9282708 |
| long-term hospitalization for tuberculosis control. experience with a medical-psychosocial inpatient unit. | patients with tuberculosis (tb) who are nonadherent to therapy or have complicated medical or social problems pose a threat to public health. in some cases, hospitalization may be a necessary component of a comprehensive tb control program. | 1997 | 9293992 |
| use of the mqol-hiv with asymptomatic hiv-positive patients. | the purpose of this study was to determine the appropriateness of the recently developed multidimensional quality of life questionnaire for hiv/aids (mqol-hiv) as a measure of quality of life (qol) in cases of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the mqol-hiv is a 40-item instrument measuring ten domains (mental health, physical health, physical functioning, social functioning, social support, cognitive functioning, financial status, partner intimacy, sexual functioning and ... | 1997 | 9330554 |
| sampling with light traps and human bait in epidemic foci for eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in southeastern massachusetts. | to estimate human exposure to potential vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus, we compared collections of putative eee virus vectors from human biting collections with collections from cdc, ab (american biophysics), and new jersey light traps and resting boxes in enzootic/epidemic foci of eee virus in southeastern massachusetts. human biting collections caught significantly more host-seeking females than resting boxes or unbaited light traps (p < 0.05). regression analysis of h ... | 1997 | 9474561 |
| clonal distribution of the three alleles of the gal(alpha1-4)gal-specific adhesin gene papg among escherichia coli strains from patients with bacteremia. | the three alleles of papg, the gal(alpha1-4)gal-specific adhesin gene of escherichia coli p fimbriae, were detected in 101 (54%) of 187 e. coli bacteremia isolates from boston, long beach, california, and nairobi, kenya, by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay, and their distribution was compared with clonal structure and other bacterial and host characteristics. allele ii predominated overall (57% of papg+ strains, vs. 32% for iii and 2% for i). allele distribution differed significantly bet ... | 1998 | 9498444 |
| performance of massachusetts hmos in providing pap smear and sexually transmitted disease screening to adolescent females. | to describe the extent to which health maintenance organizations (hmos) provide preventive health services to female adolescent enrollees. | 1998 | 9502004 |
| detection of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent and borrelia burgdorferi in ticks by polymerase chain reaction. | adult ixodid ticks were collected from westchester county, new york, and ipswich, massachusetts, to determine the presence of infection with a human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) agent by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the presence of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks collected from new york was also determined by pcr. of the 229 ticks from new york and 47 ticks from massachusetts, 9% (22/229) and 25% (12/47) of ticks contained hge agent, respectively. fifty-four percent (123/229) of t ... | 1998 | 9526861 |
| the cost of rabies postexposure prophylaxis: one state's experience. | this study was undertaken to evaluate trends in the use of rabies postexposure prophylaxis (pep) before, during, and following an epidemic of raccoon rabies in massachusetts. | 1998 | 9633871 |
| exposure to breast milk in infancy and adult breast cancer risk. | there is considerable interest in the possibility of an infectious etiology for human breast cancer. although studies have shown that certain strains of mice transmit mammary tumor virus via breast milk, few epidemiologic studies have addressed this topic in humans. | 1998 | 9637142 |
| diversity of babesia infecting deer ticks (ixodes dammini). | to determine whether the presence of nonpathogenic piroplasms may confound field estimates of risk of babesia microti infection, we identified sporozoites infecting the salivary glands of deer ticks (ixodes dammini) by parallel microscopy and polymerase chain reaction assays. piroplasms were evident in 14.4% of adult ticks from sites in the northcentral and northeastern united states. of these, 83.3% contained dna characteristic of ba. odocoilei. this cervid piroplasm was detected in all of the ... | 1998 | 9660456 |
| deregulation of syringes and needles for medical use and to prevent the spread of blood-borne pathogens among illicit injection drug users. | | 1998 | 9663640 |
| risk factors for death in homeless adults in boston. | homeless individuals experience high mortality rates. males, whites, and substance abusers are more likely to die, but other high-risk characteristics are unknown. | 1998 | 9665356 |
| high breast milk levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) among four women living adjacent to a pcb-contaminated waste site. | as a consequence of contamination by effluents from local electronics manufacturing facilities, the new bedford harbor and estuary in southeastern massachusetts is among the sites in the united states that are considered the most highly contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). since 1993, measures of intrauterine pcb exposure have been obtained for a sample of new bedford area infants. among 122 mother-infant pairs, we identified four milk samples with total pcb levels that were signifi ... | 1998 | 9681980 |
| interactions between metals and microbial communities in new bedford harbor, massachusetts. | the fate of toxic metals in marine sediments depends on a combination of the physical, chemical, and biologic conditions encountered in any given environment. these conditions may vary dramatically, both spatially and temporally, in response to factors ranging from seasonal changes and storm events to human activities such as dredging or remediation efforts. this paper describes a program designed to evaluate the interrelationships between the microbial community and pollutants in the new bedfor ... | 1998 | 9703489 |
| boston happens program: a model of health care for hiv-positive, homeless, and at-risk youth. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) adolescent provider and peer education network for services. | the boston happens [human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) adolescent provider and peer education network for services] program is a project supported by special projects of national significance (spns) program, hiv/aids bureau, health resources and services administration, which provides a network of care for homeless, at-risk, and hiv-positive youth (ages 12-24 years), involving eight agencies. the program has provided services to 1301 youth, including 46 who are hiv-positive. boston happens provi ... | 1998 | 9712252 |
| outbreak of pneumonia in a long-term care facility: antecedent human parainfluenza virus 1 infection may predispose to bacterial pneumonia. | to determine the causes of an outbreak of lobar pneumonia. | 1998 | 9736104 |
| [tumor angiogenesis inhibitors: media and scientific aspects]. | work begun more than 30 years ago at children's hospital in boston led to the publication of an article on the antiangiogenic properties of two compounds, endostatin and angiostatin (j. folkman, nature 1997; 390:404-7). it only took weeks for the medias in the us and then in france and the rest of europe to stimulate the fervor of patients for this new 'cure' for cancer. insight into the fundamental role of angiogenesis in locoregional and metastatic development of cancer has been accumulated ov ... | 1998 | 9767782 |
| mortality associated with an influenza outbreak on a dementia care unit. | the purpose of this study was to describe an episode of increased mortality, whose cause was initially unknown. this retrospective cohort investigation was conducted on a dementia special care unit of a department of veterans affairs facility, with more than 75% of residents clinically diagnosed with dementia of the alzheimer type. one hundred five residents residing in the facility during february 1995 were included as subjects. a cluster of deaths occurred, triggering the investigation. ultima ... | 1998 | 9772015 |
| reactivity of human sera to different strains of granulocytic ehrlichiae in immunodiagnostic assays. | sera from 35 patients diagnosed with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in connecticut were tested by indirect ifa staining methods with 5 strains of ehrlichia equi or the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent to assess the suitability of different strains in laboratory analyses. antigens included horse-derived infected neutrophils (mrk and bds strains) and human isolates cultured in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (nch-1, rch, and webster). of 35 sera, 23 (65.7%) reacted to all 5 strains. serop ... | 1998 | 9815246 |
| patterns of use, expenditures, and perceived efficacy of complementary and alternative therapies in hiv-infected patients. | complementary and alternative medicine (cam) use is common in the general population, accounting for substantial expenditures. among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, few data are available on the prevalence, costs, and patterns of alternative therapy use. | 1998 | 9818806 |
| william jason mixter (1880-1958). ushering in the "dynasty of the disc". | william jason mixter was born in 1880 and graduated from the harvard medical school class of 1906. like his father, mixter was a prominent surgeon at the massachusetts general hospital, and in 1911 the two shared the job of overseeing all neurosurgery at that institution. by the early 1930s, w. j. mixter was considered to be one of the nation's leading experts in spinal surgery, and he went on to become the first chief of the neurosurgery department at massachusetts general hospital. he served i ... | 1998 | 9820919 |
| human contact with bait containing vaccine for control of rabies in wildlife. | to document the number of human contacts with bait containing liquid vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) vaccine, to evaluate factors that might affect human contact with bait-vaccine units, and to summarize adverse reactions in people after contact with vaccine. | 1998 | 9828931 |
| integrating women's perspectives on prenatal human immunodeficiency virus screening: toward a socially just policy. | the purpose of this study was to include the voices of laywomen at risk for or living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the ongoing debate on prenatal and newborn hiv screening. a phenomenological approach based on moustakas's heuristic model was used in order to explore women's lived experience. the investigator interviewed 33 women, half of whom were hiv-positive, using an open-ended, loosely structured interview guide. two major domains were identified related to the women's views an ... | 1998 | 9839795 |
| determinants of nitrogen dioxide concentrations in indoor ice skating rinks. | the combination of poor ventilation and fuel-powered ice resurfacers has resulted in elevated nitrogen dioxide (no2) concentrations in many indoor ice skating rinks. this study examined the factors influencing concentrations and the effects of various engineering controls in ice rinks with different resurfacer fuels. | 1998 | 9842374 |
| readmissions to drug abuse treatment and hiv risk behavior. | the objectives of the study were (a) to investigate the characteristics of drug abuse treatment clients who return to treatment and (b) among those with readmissions, to describe changes over time in risk behavior for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and to identify factors associated with behavior change. data were derived from a multisite hiv surveillance program in a single community; the program used a unique identifier to link hiv test results and behavioral information from mul ... | 1998 | 9849766 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1997. | in 1997, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,509 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 93% (7,899) were wild animals, whereas 7% (610) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 19.4% from that of 1996 (7,128 cases). increases were apparent in each of the major species groups, with the exception of cattle. the relative contributions of these groups to the total ... | 1998 | 9861958 |
| accidental occupational exposure of intravenous nurses to human immunodeficiency virus. anticipating the consequences. | this descriptive study randomly surveyed all 302 massachusetts members of the intravenous nurses society in 1991 regarding their perceptions of nine possible consequences of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection caused by accidental occupational exposure. areas of highest concern were financial: adequacy of worker's compensation, ability of the employer to cover all healthcare costs, and job security. nurses also were concerned about confidentiality of their hiv status and personal histor ... | 1998 | 9866537 |
| multistate outbreak of listeriosis--united states, 1998. | since early august 1998, 40 illnesses caused by a single strain of listeria monocytogenes (lm) have been identified in 10 states: ohio (13 cases); new york; tennessee, massachusetts, and west virginia (three each); michigan (two); and connecticut, oregon, vermont, and georgia (one each). dates of illness onset or lm isolation ranged from august 2 through december 2. all lm isolates from these cases are serotype 4b and share an unusual pattern when subtyped either by pulsed-field gel electrophore ... | 1998 | 9883769 |