| comparison of newborn screening records and birth certificates to estimate bias in newborn hiv serosurveys. | implicit in the new york state newborn hiv seroprevalence study is the assumption that newborns of all new york state residents are tested for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies. we examined this assumption by describing that part of the 1988 new york newborn population not tested in the hiv seroprevalence study and assessing any bias contributed by this group. of the expected total hiv specimens 1.5 percent were never received by the newborn screening program, 0.5 percent were invali ... | 1991 | 2014879 |
| treatment choice for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit at risk for aids. | many infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units are the children of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv); they have approximately a 30% risk of infection. to investigate attitudes surrounding treatment for such newborns, we conducted a survey of professionals at six neonatal intensive care units in new york city. a significant proportion of the 247 respondents recommended less aggressive treatment for non-hiv-related conditions for infants at risk for hiv compared wi ... | 1991 | 2033769 |
| impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on mortality in children, united states. | to assess the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic on mortality in us children younger than 15 years of age and to identify associated causes of death, the authors examined final national mortality statistics for 1988, the most recent year for which such data are available. in 1988, there were 249 deaths attributed to hiv/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in children younger than 15 years of age. associated causes of death listed most frequently on 270 death certific ... | 1991 | 2034483 |
| hair dye use and breast cancer: a case-control study among screening participants. | to investigate whether hair dye use increases the risk of breast cancer, a case-control study was conducted among patients attending a screening center in new york city. the study group consisted of 398 breast cancer cases identified at the screening center between 1977 and 1981, and 790 randomly selected controls screened during the same period. subjects were interviewed by telephone to obtain information on known risk factors for breast cancer, along with a complete history of hair dye use det ... | 1991 | 2035509 |
| detection and characterization of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) associated t-cell neoplasms in an htlv-i nonendemic region by polymerase chain reaction. | human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) associated adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atll) occurs endemically in southwestern japan, the caribbean, and west africa, but occurs sporadically in most of the rest of the world. however, because atll and non-htlv-i associated t-cell neoplasms share overlapping clinicopathologic features, the prevalence of atll in nonendemic regions is unknown. in this study, 75 t-cell neoplasms randomly procured from the metropolitan new york city area were exam ... | 1991 | 2039822 |
| microgeographic distribution of immature ixodes dammini ticks correlated with that of deer. | in order to determine whether the small-scale distribution of immature ixodes dammini spielman et al. corresponds closely to the activity patterns of white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmerman), these relationships were examined in a site on long island, new york, u.s.a. we first determined the extent and temporal pattern of adult ticks feeding on deer by examining twenty-three resident deer tranquilized during september-december 1985. i. dammini adults infested deer throughout this fa ... | 1990 | 2132979 |
| w.w. williams--a pioneer in fertility and infertility in animals and man. | | 1990 | 2276950 |
| seroepidemiology and clinical aspects of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i/ii infection in a cohort of intravenous drug users in new york city. | to define further the magnitude, epidemiology, and clinical features of human t-cell lymphotropic/leukemia virus type i/ii (htlv-i/ii) infection in 454 intravenous drug users in new york city, we evaluated previously frozen aliquots of sera for htlv-i/ii antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassay, western blot, and radioimmunoprecipitation techniques. we found htlv-i/ii infection in 18.9% of the subjects. age (p = 0.001), race (p = 0.001), having a same gender sexual relationship (p = 0.01), and ... | 1991 | 2047026 |
| interaction of human immunodeficiency and papilloma viruses: association with anal epithelial abnormality in homosexual men. | during the 7th annual follow-up of our cohort of homosexual men in 1989, we tested the hypotheses that infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) may enhance the expression of human papilloma virus (hpv) and that the development of anal epithelial abnormality is related to a biologic interaction between these two viruses. overall, 41 (39%) of the 105 men had anal swabs positive for one or more genotypes of hpv 6/11, 16/18 or 31/33/35. twenty-three (53%) of the 43 hiv-positive subjects har ... | 1990 | 2166710 |
| man/boy love and the american gay movement. | the issue of man/boy love has intersected the gay movement since the late nineteenth century, with the rise of the first gay rights movement in germany. in the united states, as the gay movement has retreated from its vision of sexual freedom for all in favor of integration into existing social and political structures, it has sought to marginalize cross-generational love as a "non-gay" issue. the two movements continue to overlap, amid signs of mutual support as well as tension--a state of affa ... | 1990 | 2086634 |
| amantadine attack on influenza a. | | 1990 | 2172115 |
| comparison of epidemic and endemic group g streptococci by restriction enzyme analysis. | restriction enzyme profiles of group g beta-hemolytic streptococci associated with a point source outbreak and an outbreak of sporadic pharyngitis in two different communities were compared. to asses the epidemiologic utility of this approach for studying group g streptococci, dna fingerprints of strains responsible for a point source outbreak of pharyngitis associated with the consumption of contaminated food were compared with dna fingerprints of pharyngeal isolates from children with pharyngi ... | 1990 | 2172291 |
| immune function in heroin addicts and former heroin addicts in treatment: pre- and post-aids epidemic. | these studies suggest that specific opiate receptors are not involved significantly in modulating nk-cell activity by any direct effect. the role normally played by the endogenous opioids in directly modulating nk-cell cytotoxic activity may be minimal and certainly is not a clinically relevant controlling factor. these findings also suggest that the repeatedly observed lowering of nk-cell activity in untreated heroin addicts is not due to a direct drug effect. it may be due, however, to an indi ... | 1990 | 2233996 |
| racial/ethnic differences in hiv-1 seroprevalence and risky behaviors among intravenous drug users in a multisite study. | differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroprevalence and patterns of drug-use and sexual behaviors were examined among hispanic, black, and white intravenous drug users recruited at multiple sites in worcester, massachusetts. a total of 1,092 (786 males, 306 females) intravenous drug users were interviewed, and hiv-1 antibody test results were available for 874 (80.0%). after adjustment for demographic differences, black males were significantly less likely to report risky d ... | 1990 | 2239898 |
| a case-control study of milk-drinking and ovarian cancer risk. | it has been hypothesized that milk consumption increases the risk of ovarian cancer because of a possible association of lactose with human ovarian failure. milk is also a source of animal fats in the diet, and animal fat intake is associated with ovarian cancer risk. to explore further the possible confounding of the milk-ovarian cancer association by the animal fat content of milk, the authors performed a case-control study of 303 ovarian cancer cases and 606 age-matched nonmalignant-disease c ... | 1990 | 2239901 |
| the impact of an aids symposium on attitudes of providers of pediatric health care. | following reports of concern among health-care workers regarding the occupational risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), a symposium was designed in 1987 to demonstrate to health-care providers at three hospitals in the bronx, new york, the low risk of occupational hiv infection and techniques for avoiding infection. after the symposium, 103 of the health-care providers who had attended it completed a questionnaire assessing the impact of the symposium on their attitudes; ... | 1990 | 2242202 |
| geographic distribution of newborn hiv seroprevalence in relation to four sociodemographic variables. | the geographic distribution of newborn human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence at zip code level was compared with the distribution of four sociodemographic variables. for new york city significant univariate correlations were found between hiv and low birthweight, drug use (as measured by hospital discharges), maternal education less than 12 years, and race/ethnicity. less significant correlations were found for new york state exclusive of new york city. for new york city a model comprising ... | 1991 | 2014880 |
| projection of aids incidence in women in new york state. | the results of the newborn hiv seroprevalence study in new york state for 1988 were used to estimate the number of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected women of childbearing age in 1988. the estimate was accomplished for each of 80 age, racial/ethnic, and geographic strata by dividing the number of seropositive newborns by the 1988 estimated fertility rate. summing across strata yielded a total of 23,430 infected women age 15 to 44 years in 1988. from this estimate a tree model was used t ... | 1991 | 2014881 |
| hiv infection among women entering the new york state correctional system. | human immunodeficiency virus infection is the leading medical problem among prison inmates in several states. in 1988 a blinded seroprevalence study was conducted on 480 new york female prison entrants to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hiv infection in this population. ninety (18.8 percent) women were hiv-seropositive. seroprevalence was highest among women ages 30-39 (25.0 percent) and varied by ethnicity (hispanics, 29.4 percent; blacks, 14.4 percent; whites, 7.1 percent) and ... | 1991 | 2014882 |
| hiv seroprevalence surveys: impetus for preventive activities. | seroprevalence determinations of human immunodeficiency virus are essential for design and implementation of preventive strategies. by demonstrating the severity of hiv infections within communities, new york state surveys have spurred preventive interventions, including information to the public and health care providers and increased counseling and testing of women of reproductive age. in high-prevalence areas the community health workers have been employed in preventive activities. specific i ... | 1991 | 2014887 |
| [dimensions of the challenge introduced by hiv and aids]. | the mode of transmission of aids is via sexual intercourse, injection of drugs, and from infected mother to child. incubation time averages 11 years according to the latest studies. survival after the development of the disease amounts to 14.4 months in the u.s., only 11% live longer than 3 years. treatment with azt can prolong survival by months. an effective drug or a vaccine is not in sight, and the reliability of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody test has been questioned. ... | 1990 | 2092475 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis c virus. a preliminary study in volunteer blood donors. | in a survey carried out from 1985 through 1986, volunteer blood donors to the greater new york blood program were tested for two surrogate markers for non-a, non-b hepatitis--elevation of alanine aminotransferase level and presence of antibody to hepatitis b core antigen. stored serum samples from selected donors were also recently tested for antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv). anti-hcv was detected in 0.9% to 1.4% of donors and was higher in black and hispanic donors than in white donors. ... | 1990 | 2104548 |
| polychlorobiphenyl (pcb) congeners in striped bass (morone saxatilis) from marine and estuarine waters of new york state determined by capillary gas chromatography. | edible filets of striped-bass samples (60) from the hudson river estuary, the atlantic shore of long island, and long island sound were analyzed by high-resolution glass-capillary gas chromatography for 74 polychlorobiphenyl (pcb) compounds. the fish, a non-random subset of a larger sample, contained the following concentrations of total pcb residue (mean +/- the standard error of the mean). the corresponding mean values for the entire survey (n = 717) are given in parentheses: eastern long isla ... | 1990 | 2109967 |
| drug users' aids-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors before and after aids education sessions. | the investigators interviewed 100 drug users in a detoxification facility before and after they received information about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the drug users already had a considerable amount of information about aids and hiv transmission modes before they received the information. however, 79 percent of them reported never having used condoms. fifty percent of intravenous drug users acknowledged having shared needles during the previ ... | 1990 | 2120728 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection among homeless men in a new york city shelter. association with mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence among a selected sample of 169 high-risk homeless men residing in a congregate shelter in new york city, ny, was 62%. seropositivity for hiv correlated significantly with intravenous drug use (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 4.4) and active tuberculosis (odds ratio, 7.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.4 to 13.5). most cases of active tuberculosis were among homeless men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-relat ... | 1990 | 2121112 |
| lack of housing and its impact on human health: a service perspective. | | 1990 | 2124158 |
| the incidence and epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection in 320 patients treated in an inner-city hemodialysis center. | from january 1, 1986 through june 30, 1989, 320 maintenance hemodialysis patients treated at the brookdale hospital medical center were tested for the presence of antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot assays. thirty-nine patients (12%) tested positive for hiv antibody (hiv+) with both the elisa and western blot, 24 (62%) of whom were known intravenous drug abusers (ivda). of the remaining non-ivda patients, unantic ... | 1990 | 2368703 |
| patterns of hiv-1 and htlv-i/ii in intravenous drug abusers from the middle atlantic and central regions of the usa. | seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and human t lymphotropic virus types i and ii (htlv-i/ii) was determined among 1160 intravenous (iv) drug abusers from five drug treatment or medical centers (manhattan, brooklyn, new jersey, detroit, and new orleans). hiv-1 infection ranged from 5% in new orleans to 48% in new york city. hispanics and blacks had a significantly higher rate of hiv-1 infection than whites (p less than .01), but within each group rates were similar betw ... | 1990 | 2373871 |
| recent developments in sexually transmitted diseases: is kaposi's sarcoma a sexually transmitted disease? | kaposi's sarcoma (ks), a major complication of aids, is found more frequently in the western hemisphere among homosexual and bisexual male aids patients than among other patients with aids. theory and arguments for the possibility of infectious cofactors playing a role in the cause and transmission of the sarcoma are reviewed. while cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr, and human herpesvirus have been explored as potential cofactors in aids-related ks, the focus here is on the suggestion that kaposi' ... | 1990 | 2261787 |
| hiv antibody in persons screened for syphilis: prevalence in a new york city emergency room and primary care clinics. | an anonymous human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence survey was performed on bloods sent for syphilis serologic testing from the general medical or pediatric clinics or emergency room of a municipal hospital in the bronx, new york city. from july-december 1987, 549 sera from persons aged 15-54 were collected. hiv antibody was detected in 29/549 (5.3%) sera, increased with age from 0% in the group under 20 to 16.7% in those aged 35-39, and was significantly higher in men (27/230, 11.7%) ... | 1990 | 2264007 |
| aids prevention program for puerto rican women. | historically women are considered the family's primary care provider and biologically, they are the link in the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. because of this dual role, they need programs that are culturally sensitive and effective. many latinas do not perceive themselves to be at risk despite the educational resources available to them. this article examines cultural factors that influence risk perception and behavioral changes in response to educational intervention. interv ... | 1990 | 2270255 |
| pott's disease in urban populations. a report of five cases and a review of the literature. | five patients were treated at the queens hospital center between 1987 and 1989 for tuberculosis of the spine. all were members of low socioeconomic status minority groups: four were black and one was asian. three were intravenous drug abusers and were positive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), one was homeless and suffering from alcoholism, and one had just arrived in the united states from a region in asia endemic for tuberculosis. all three hiv positive patients had negative tuberculin s ... | 1990 | 2277675 |
| kaposi's sarcoma in three hiv-1-infected cohorts. | we describe the kaposi's sarcoma (ks) experience in three cohorts of homosexual men, subjects with hemophilia, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroconverters. the risk of ks was higher in hiv-1-infected homosexual men from new york city as compared with washington, d.c. and was very low in the hemophilia subjects. while ks accounted for a decreasing proportion of aids cases in homosexual men, the absolute risk per year did not diminish. survival was similar after diagnosis of ks ... | 1990 | 2395084 |
| effect of knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus infection status on sexual activity among homosexual men. | one hundred thirty-four homosexual men from a prospective cohort study of aids risk from new york city and washington d.c. and 139 homosexual men from a similar cohort in copenhagen and aarhus, denmark were questioned regarding their sexual practices and knowledge of their human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) status over the previous 12 months. seventy percent of danish men and 63% of u.s. men participated in anal intercourse during the previous 12 months. knowledge of one's own hiv status by itse ... | 1990 | 2293644 |
| human immunodeficiency virus transmission through artificial insemination. | six human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seropositive semen donors were identified during an antibody screening program initiated at an artificial insemination clinic in new york city in 1985. a total of 176 women underwent artificial insemination with fresh semen from these six donors between 1978 and mid-1985. of these 176 women, 134 women were hiv-1 antibody tested and 1 was found to be seropositive; she denied all other aids-associated risk behavior and her husband was seronegative. t ... | 1990 | 2293645 |
| medicine court, ii: rivers in practice. | the authors conducted a retrospective study of the initial impact (1986-1987) of the rivers v. katz decision involving patients' right to refuse treatment at new york state's largest forensic psychiatric hospital. of 18 petitions submitted, 15 cases were adjudicated. all 15 patients were found incompetent, and all treatment plans submitted were approved by the court. most patients selected for rivers hearings were diagnosed as having chronic schizophrenia and/or were older than the hospital popu ... | 1990 | 2293787 |
| variables influencing condom use among intravenous drug users. | correlates of condom use were identified using cross-sectional data from a convenience sample of 211 sexually active intravenous drug users enrolled in methadone maintenance in new york city. sixty-eight percent did not use condoms at all in the previous month and only 11 percent used condoms every time. nineteen percent were planning on conception, only 20 percent of whom had been tested for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody (all seronegative). multiple logistic regression analysis in ... | 1990 | 2293811 |
| providers link health with human service. | this issue's cover story looks at a handful of hospital leaders who appear to be radically redefining their hospital's role, but who are really just returning to the basics of hospital management and the basic hospital mission of community service. these ceos of innercity hospitals are taking a leadership role in community development programs, ranging from literacy to housing. they bring together community groups to solve problems, work to find funding for projects, and attract new business to ... | 1990 | 2294028 |
| an appeal to members. | | 1989 | 2521872 |
| risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection in patients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic in new york city. | patients who attended a sexually transmitted disease clinic in new york city in 1987 were offered enrollment in a nonblinded study to estimate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroprevalence in adults with multiple sexual partners and to determine risk factors associated with hiv-1 infection. in addition, a blinded serosurvey of a representative sample of patients was performed to obtain an unbiased estimate of seroprevalence in clinic attendees. the seroprevalence in the blinded sero ... | 1990 | 2296975 |
| epidemiologic background of blood donors with antibody to human t-cell lymphotropic virus. transfusion safety study group. | we interviewed 51 blood donors in four major us metropolitan areas subsequently found to have had antibodies to human t-cell lymphotropic virus (anti-htlv) in late 1984-early 1985. sixteen donors (31%) reported that they or a sexual contact had a history of blood transfusion. twelve donors (24%) reported that they or a sexual contact used intravenous drugs. ten donors (20%) were blacks born in the southeastern us. four of the male donors (15%) reported homosexual contact. the most common charact ... | 1989 | 2572078 |
| evidence for spread of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic into low prevalence areas of the united states. | reports of an increased proportion of aids cases occurring in small and medium-sized cities suggest that the hiv epidemic may be spreading into locations that were previously characterized by their low hiv antibody prevalences. studying the question of the geographic spread of the hiv infection epidemic (rather than the aids epidemic) has been difficult largely because most serial seroprevalence data have been gathered from cohorts of high risk individuals (e.g., homosexual/bisexual cohorts) in ... | 1989 | 2585245 |
| hiv infection in state hospitals: case reports and long-term management strategies. | issues facing state psychiatric hospitals as a result of the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are illustrated by five cases. these issues include use of universal precautions to prevent transmission of hiv, medical diagnosis and management of hiv-infected patients, management of threatening behavior by infected patients, management of patients' sexual behavior, and discharge planning. the authors suggest that institutions will be required to ensure that sexual behavior between pati ... | 1990 | 2303216 |
| therapy may explain recent deficits in aids incidence. | since the middle of 1987, fewer consistently defined aids cases have been reported than expected among homosexual and bisexual men in the united states. this "aids deficit" was greater among homosexual and bisexual men in new york city, san francisco, and los angeles, but was also striking among all homosexual and bisexual men in the united states. deficits were virtually absent among intravenous drug users (ivdus) in the united states. three independent sources of data--placebo-controlled trial ... | 1990 | 2313558 |
| sex, drugs, and hiv infection in a new york city hospital outpatient population. | persons attending outpatient clinics at bellevue hospital center in manhattan, new york city were invited to be tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in pretest counseling, males were asked if they had injected nonprescription drugs or engaged in sex with other men since january 1, 1977; if so, they were asked not to participate and were referred elsewhere for testing. face-to-face interviews and hiv testing were completed for 1,119 subjects with no prior indication of hiv ... | 1990 | 2313559 |
| setting human-health-based groundwater protection standards when toxicological data are inadequate. | toxicological data are not adequate to assess fully the health effects of many of the pesticides that currently contaminate or have the potential to contaminate groundwater. the national academy of sciences estimated in 1984 that data to conduct a complete health hazard assessment exist for only 10% of the pesticides currently on the market. many pesticides have not been tested for their ability to cause cancer, genetic mutation, or birth defects. there are significant gaps in the toxicological ... | 1990 | 2248256 |
| cocaine injection and ethnicity in parenteral drug users during the early years of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic in new york city. | parenteral drug users have a high prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). new york city has had a prolonged and extensive epidemic of hiv infection and aids. in this study, we analyze, in relation to antibody to hiv (anti-hiv), available data from sera from parenteral drug users collected in new york city during 1978 through 1983 in the course of studies of liver disease. among parenteral users of both he ... | 1989 | 2614398 |
| aids and homosexuality: a longitudinal study of knowledge and attitude change among rural nurses. | with no effective medical treatment or vaccine for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) available now or in the near future, nursing can make the most difference by providing emotional support and physical care for people with aids and their families. one of the least understood areas in providing such care is the feelings nurses have toward persons with aids, especially in rural areas. this study measured changes in knowledge and attitude toward aids and homosexuality before, immediately a ... | 1989 | 2616450 |
| increasing rate of pneumonia hospitalizations in the bronx: a sentinel indicator for human immunodeficiency virus. | to describe secular trends in pneumonia hospitalizations in the bronx, new york city from 1982-1986, we analysed all cases with a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia, excluding pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), for bronx residents by age, sex, neighbourhood, and length of stay (n = 21,822). hospital deaths from pcp and immune disorders were analysed separately as a non-recurrent indicator of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) related disease prevalence by age, sex and geographical areas. from 1 ... | 1989 | 2621030 |
| expanding the focus of human immunodeficiency virus prevention in the 1990s. | | 1990 | 2314713 |
| the rural health care challenge in new york state. | | 1989 | 2626223 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis seroepidemiology in new york city intravenous drug abusers (ivdas). | | 1989 | 2641023 |
| assessment of aids knowledge in selected new york state sexually transmitted disease clinics. | a 1988 survey regarding the level of knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) among 505 clients of sexually transmitted disease (std) clinics demonstrated 80% correct responses. however, 13% thought aids could be transmitted via sharing utensils, and 51% were unaware that acquiring another std could increase one's risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. in addition, only 10% always used condoms. an average 69% of patients obtained their aids information from newspa ... | 1990 | 2314717 |
| a seroprevalence survey for human immunodeficiency virus antibody in mentally retarded adults. | the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among adults who are mentally retarded is not known. policies for those in residential settings are being established despite incomplete information. knowledge regarding hiv seroprevalence would enable administrators to make more effective policy decisions concerning testing and hiv prevention. discarded sera from mentally retarded adults were anonymously tested for hiv antibody. sera were collected from a health facility in westches ... | 1990 | 2314720 |
| social workers' comfort in providing services to aids patients. | with the steadily increasing number of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, social workers are being called on to play a key role in meeting the complex psychosocial needs of infected individuals and their significant others. to understand more about social workers' levels of comfort in providing services to individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and their family and friends, a survey of social workers in 12 hospital centers was carried out. the majority of ... | 1990 | 2315759 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infections in teenagers. seroprevalence among applicants for us military service. the walter reed retrovirus research group. | between october 15, 1985, and march 31, 1989, serum specimens from 1 141 164 teenaged youths (aged less than 20 years) who applied for entry into the us military were tested for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus. overall, 393 teenaged applicants were found to be seropositive (prevalence, 0.34 per 1000). prevalences varied markedly in different geographic locales: less than 0.1 per 1000 throughout the north-central states, compared with greater than 2 per 1000 in urban counties in ma ... | 1990 | 2319667 |
| death, aids morbidity, and hiv seroprevalence in new york city intravenous drug abusers. | drug treatment programs represent a point of access to intravenous drug abusers and, as such, may also be useful in monitoring health status indicators among this population. such a surveillance project was established in 1985 among drug treatment clinics in new york city to monitor the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic. hiv seroprevalence was 54% (255/469) in 1985, 61% (159/262) in 1986, and 60% (133/222) in 1987. of the 2500 cumulative enrollees in these clinics each year, 4 patients ... | 1990 | 2258951 |
| a century of caring: the visiting nurse association of brooklyn. | reading the minutes of the annual meetings of the brooklyn visiting nurses over the years, one is reminded of the old french proverb plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose (the more things change, the more things stay the same). the questions of 1988 are often the same questions the board members struggled with 50, 80, and 100 years ago. human nature changes very little. science, it is true, gives us new instruments with which to work, and additional education is at our disposal. but the well- ... | 1989 | 2687208 |
| zidovudine therapy in an inner city population. | to determine the compliance and tolerance with zidovudine (azidothymidine or azt) therapy among poor, minority, and intravenous drug-using patients, data were collected on all aids and arc patients followed for at least 4 weeks in a new york city human immunodeficiency virus clinic. ninety-nine patients received zidovudine, of whom 75% were males, 92% were minorities, and 59% had a history of intravenous drug use. of the 99 patients, 72 had aids and 27 had arc with t-helper (cd4) lymphocytes les ... | 1990 | 2384864 |
| the relationship of cocaine use to syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus infections among inner city parturient women. | to study the relationship of cocaine use to syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus infections a blinded urine and serum survey was performed among parturient women at an inner city hospital. discarded urine samples of 1206 parturient women were saved and given code numbers that were also assigned to data sheets containing nonidentifying information, including prenatal care status and syphilis serologic results. in the latter part of the study blood remaining after syphilis serologic tests wer ... | 1990 | 2386137 |
| behavioral risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus infection among intravenous drug users and implications for preventive interventions. | risk behaviors for hiv infection in relation to drug and sexual activities among 262 intravenous drug users (ivdus) from methadone clinics in new york city were investigated using a structured questionnaire in 1986. the overall seroprevalence rate was 60.1 per cent. intravenous heroin and cocaine users were found to be significantly more likely to be hiv positive than those who used heroin and cocaine intranasally. among female ivdus, excluding prostitutes (defined by self-report of sex for mone ... | 1990 | 2393617 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and adolescents: knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in a new york city adolescent minority population. | in this survey, the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors concerning acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in a group (n = 196) of innercity adolescents in new york city were assessed. sexual activity was the major risk factor for aids in this population; 58% of the adolescents had engaged in sexual intercourse; 12% of these had never used contraception. there were small reported rates of homosexuality, anal intercourse, and prostitution. of respondents, 22% reported alcohol use and 2 ... | 1989 | 2740176 |
| the pattern of organ donation in a large urban center. | despite increasing referrals for organ donation in metropolitan new york, procurement has remained essentially unchanged from 1983 through 1988 at 9 to 13 per million population, falling far short of increasing demand. this is not due to delay in the diagnosis of brain death, higher discard rates, or increased medical unsuitability, although exclusion because of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease, or risk thereof, has increased and now accounts for 38% of exclusions. consent for organ do ... | 1990 | 2402354 |
| prevalence of use of cocaine and other substances in an obstetric population. | increasing use of cocaine among pregnant women has been reported. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of positive urine toxicologic screens for cocaine and other substances of patients admitted to the sloane hospital for women. urine samples were obtained from 509 women admitted to the delivery suite. the overall prevalence of cocaine was 10% (n = 51). cocaine use was 10 times more prevalent in the clinic population (14%) than in the private population, (1.4%). in addition, wome ... | 1990 | 2403158 |
| issues in medical ethics. 2. aids: challenge for medical ethics. conference proceedings. march 4, 1988, new york. | | 1989 | 2747686 |
| aids: the state of the new york state approach. | | 1989 | 2747689 |
| diagnosis related group 'all payor' hospital payment and medical diseases. financial risk and hospital cost in medical noncomplicating condition-stratified diagnosis related groups. | there are many health policy issues related to diagnosis-related group (drg) hospital payment. previous work by our group had suggested that some drgs did not adequately comorbidities. despite recommendations by federal advisory committees, the secretary of health and human services has proposed no major changes to drgs along these lines. we analyze resource consumption in any of the 88 non-complicating condition (cc)-stratified medical drgs using the drg prospective "all payor system" in effect ... | 1989 | 2492795 |
| frequency of mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia in patients with tuberculosis in an area endemic for aids. | mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia has recently been reported in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). at our institution, tuberculosis occurs commonly among patients with and without hiv infection. we sought to determine the frequency of m. tuberculosis bacteremia among patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis. during a 4-month period, mycobacterial blood cultures were obtained on all identifiable patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis. fifteen percent (9/59) o ... | 1989 | 2513763 |
| protecting the blood supply. | prevention of the transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) by transfusion has been the most successful area of epidemiologic control of the disease. only 2% of the more than 50,000 cases reported to the centers for disease control (cdc) have been attributed to transfusion, and the vast majority of these patients were infected before the introduction of screening tests in april 1985. the overall prevention program involves donor education, adequate medical history, physical e ... | 1989 | 2520547 |
| estimating population prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in urban areas with high rates of intravenous drug use: a model of the bronx in 1988. | the bronx, a borough of new york city with 1.16 million people, has a distinctive pattern of prevalence and distribution of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), i.e., 62.2% of aids patients are intravenous drug users, 20.3% are female, 87.3% are black or hispanic, and 4.5% are children under age 13 years. local data on reported aids cases by risk factors, age, and sex are combined with local indices of the intravenous drug use population to estimate numbers of intravenous drug users. the b ... | 1989 | 2787104 |
| defense against hrc ruling. | | 1989 | 2523028 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and mental health: meeting the needs of health professionals. | psychiatric-mental health nurses are taking a leadership role in the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. this article details activities, developed through federally-supported acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) projects, which are designed to meet the mental health needs of health professionals who work intensively with people with aids. | 1989 | 2596874 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a report entitled "kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocytosis carinii pneumonia among homosexual men in new york city and california" in the mmwr in july 1981 alerted the world to the appearance of a completely new disease. the opportunistic infections and cancers occurring in these patients had previously only been seen in patients who were immunosuppressed. homosexual men were the first as a major risk group to be identified. others quickly followed. the pattern of occurrence clearly indicated an infe ... | 1989 | 2599843 |
| aids in the workplace. | in a survey of 67 corporations done in 1987 and 1988, 66 were found to have had employees with human immunodeficiency virus infections. the numbers and backgrounds of the infected employees tend to reflect the experience of the surrounding community. these employees were accommodated in keeping with published public health and social guidelines, without significant event. responsible intervention should include defined medically and socially appropriate policy statements, effective education, an ... | 1989 | 2607381 |
| health costs of occupational disease in new york state. | occupational diseases and deaths are costly events. they are responsible for: 1) direct medical costs; 2) indirect costs, resulting from lost production, foregone opportunities, and diminished investment; and 3) non-economic costs, including pain and suffering, disrupted careers, and devastated families. to develop a partial estimate of the total costs of occupational disease in new york state, we have examined four categories of illness: occupational cancer, chronic respiratory disease and the ... | 1989 | 2610214 |
| sexual decision-making and aids: why condom promotion among vulnerable women is likely to fail. | this article examines the reasons for resistance to condom use among high-risk women (primarily intravenous drug users and/or the sexual partners of intravenous drug users) in two new york city aids prevention programs. the data collected indicate that a lack of economic, social, cultural, sexual, and technological options combine to lead vulnerable women to concentrate on addressing the more immediate risks in their lives: poverty, homelessness, and the frequent disruption of socioeconomic supp ... | 1989 | 2623725 |
| persistence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in dogs of new york and connecticut. | multiple blood samples were obtained from privately owned dogs living in tick-infested areas of new york (westchester county) and connecticut, where lyme disease in human beings has been reported. of the 175 dogs examined, 127 (72.6%) had limb/joint disorder, whereas the remaining 48 dogs were considered healthy. results of analysis of 419 serum samples revealed igm antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in healthy and lame dogs during all seasons. prevalence of seropositivity was significantly (p les ... | 1990 | 2329074 |
| the genesis of teaching human genetics at medical schools. | | 1990 | 2339713 |
| prevalence of nonclassical steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency based on a morning salivary 17-hydroxyprogesterone screening test: a small sample study. | early morning salivary 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-ohp) determination differentiates patients with non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (nc21ohd) from those who are not affected. using this test, we have conducted a trial screening study for nc21ohd and have compared the study results with previously reported figures for the frequency of this disorder. testing was performed on 258 subjects recruited from among the medical students and employees of the new york hospital-cornell medical ce ... | 1990 | 2347899 |
| serologic investigations in a new york city cohort of parenteral drug users. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection continues to be a major health problem for society. intravenous drug users are the second largest risk group for hiv infection. the disease primarily affects immunologic functioning. this study examined the inherent immunologic dysfunction by measuring the seroprevalence of infection against pathogens often associated with hiv infection. additionally, chi square analysis was used to compare intravenous drug users with a non-drug-using control group to ... | 1990 | 2362296 |
| a survey of exposures, practices and recommendations of surgeons in the care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus. | policy makers face a conflict between satisfying concerns of health care workers (hcw) about the occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and ensuring adequate care for patients. this conflict is particularly severe in the field of surgery. we mailed a questionnaire on the surgical care of patients infected with hiv to 1,461 surgeons in new york city and philadelphia, and 551 (37.7 per cent) responded. although 1.9 per cent currently were testing all patients for hiv, 42 ... | 1990 | 2382201 |
| social workers respond to the aids epidemic in an acute care hospital. | acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has had dramatic effects on hospital staff, particularly social workers. however, little documentation exists of how hospitals and their social work departments have responded to the myriad needs of people with human immunodeficiency virus-related conditions. patterns of social work service delivery to 152 persons with aids at st. luke's-roosevelt hospital center in new york city were reviewed. gaps were identified; in particular, social workers provide ... | 1989 | 2707682 |
| mandatory reporting of human immunodeficiency virus testing would deter blacks and hispanics from being tested. | | 1989 | 2739029 |
| antigenically variable borrelia burgdorferi isolated from cottontail rabbits and ixodes dentatus in rural and urban areas. | spirochetes were isolated from 71 subadult ixodes dentatus removed from cottontail rabbits captured in millbrook, n.y., and in new york, n.y. spirochetes were also cultured from kidney tissues of six rabbits. while all isolates reacted with monoclonal antibody h9724, which identifies the spirochetes as borreliae, more than half did not bind with antibody h5332 and even fewer reacted with h3ts, both of which were produced to outer surface protein a of borrelia burgdorferi. sodium dodecyl sulfate- ... | 1989 | 2913024 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in transfused patients with acute leukemia. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is transmitted by sexual contact and by blood products. patients with acute leukemia are extensively transfused as part of their supportive care. we conducted a retrospective study of the incidence of hiv antibody positivity in patients treated for acute leukemia at the mount sinai medical center between 1970 and 1986. serum samples from 106 patients were studied, including 71 (67%) with at least one posttransfusion specimen. six were found to have hiv anti ... | 1989 | 2747672 |
| issues in medical ethics. 1. justice and medical care. conference proceedings. march 6, 1987, new york. | | 1989 | 2747677 |
| needle injuries among pediatric housestaff physicians in new york city. | concerns regarding accidental needle puncture wounds, needle injuries among house officers have increased following reports of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission via this route. pediatric house officers training in areas with large numbers of children infected with hiv may face a significant risk of occupational hiv infection via needle injury. the cumulative incidence of needle injury among pediatric house officers in new york who completed at least 1 year of training was ascertain ... | 1989 | 2748246 |
| geographic differences in digoxin inactivation, a metabolic activity of the human anaerobic gut flora. | the inactivation of digoxin by conversion to reduced metabolites (digoxin reduction products, or drp), a function of the anaerobic gut flora, was studied in normal volunteers from southern india and the united states. digoxin was metabolised to drp by 28 (13.7%) of 204 healthy south indians in contrast to 67 (36.0%) of 186 new yorkers (p less than 1 x 10(-6)). only 1.0% of indians compared with 14.0% of americans excreted large amounts of metabolites (greater than 40% drp) in the urine (p less t ... | 1989 | 2759492 |
| hiv seroprevalence in newborns in new york state. | the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was determined in women at the time of childbirth throughout new york state between november 30, 1987, and november 30, 1988. mandatory blood specimens (276,609) obtained from all newborns were examined for hiv. the overall hiv seroprevalence rate was 0.66% (1816 newborns), with 0.16% in upstate new york and 1.25% in new york city. rates for newborns whose mothers were aged 20 to 29 years (1.30%) and 30 to 39 years (1.35%) were signi ... | 1989 | 2918672 |
| risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users. | to identify risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in intravenous drug users, we undertook a study of the seroprevalence of hiv antibody in 452 persons enrolled in a methadone-treatment program in the bronx, new york. the seroprevalence of hiv was 39.4 percent overall, 49.1 percent in blacks, 41.8 percent in hispanics, and 17.2 percent in non-hispanic whites (p less than 0.001 for all comparisons). the presence of hiv antibody was associated with the number of injections p ... | 1989 | 2770823 |
| heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus transmission among the middle class. | patterns of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) spread among the middle class have not been previously reported. thirty-nine (35 women and four men) heterosexual contacts of hiv-infected individuals were evaluated by a private infectious diseases practice located in a predominantly white middle-class borough of new york city. thirty-five of 39 patients were white. the mean household income of all patients was +41,200. source cases (28 men and four women) were predominantly intravenou ... | 1989 | 2919939 |
| prevalence of human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (htlv) type ii infection among high-risk individuals: type-specific identification of htlvs by polymerase chain reaction. | the extent of human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type ii (htlv-ii) infection and its rate of spread have been difficult to determine owing to the serological cross-reactivity between htlv-i and htlv-ii. the present study overcame this problem by directly detecting type-specific proviral sequences by means of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and liquid hybridization. screening was performed on a cohort of primarily white intravenous drug abusers (ivdas), and individuals of other behaviorally ... | 1989 | 2790192 |
| race/ethnicity as a risk factor for hiv-1 infection among connecticut intravenous drug users. | this cross-sectional study of 341 entrants to drug abuse treatment in four connecticut cities in 1986-1987 evaluated whether demographic, behavioral, viral serologic, or economic differences explained the disproportionate risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection among black and hispanic intravenous drug users (ivdus), relative to non-hispanic white ivdus. blacks [odds ratio (or) = 9.0, 95% confidence interval (ci) = 5.1-15.9] and hispanics (or = 4.1, 95% ci = 1.9-8.8) were a ... | 1989 | 2795451 |
| normal t cell subsets in homosexual men living in a community without endemic aids. | the cause of the abnormal t lymphocyte subsets reported in healthy homosexual men is not known. frequent sexually transmitted infections including human t cell lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) are possible causes. to determine if the t lymphocyte subsets were abnormal in this population in an area without endemic acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), t lymphocyte subsets of 52 homosexual men in rochester, new york, were enumerated, and evidence of ... | 1986 | 2945432 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in a cohort of intravenous drug users in new york city. demographic, behavioral, and clinical features. | in 1985, 454 intravenous drug users were recruited from among patients scheduled for physical examination in methadone treatment clinics in new york city. a questionnaire was administered, and serum was collected for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) serology. the hiv seroinfection rate was 60.6%, with antibody and antigen detected in 58.4% and 4.3%, respectively, of the population. nineteen percent of 307 subjects were in group iii or group iv of the centers for disease control (cdc) classific ... | 1989 | 2797531 |
| a bridge to treatment: the needle exchange pilot program in new york city. | the needle exchange pilot program in new york city is one element in a spectrum of drug prevention and treatment modalities under way to slow the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus. the program's aim is to help us learn about the addict behaviors that spread the aids virus, including whether needle exchange can help reduce the frequency or eliminate those behaviors. thus far, its primary value for clients lies in drug counseling and referral to treatment. where an active iv drug user has ... | 1989 | 2641253 |
| human t-lymphotropic retrovirus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus antibody. association with hemophiliacs' immune status and blood component usage. | we studied the human t-lymphotropic retrovirus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) antibody status of 234 factor viii concentrate recipients, 36 factor ix concentrate recipients, 69 long-term recipients of frozen packed red blood cells, and 47 persons not receiving routine transfusion therapy. factor viii concentrate recipients had a significantly higher rate of seropositivity (74%) than any other group. factor ix concentrate recipients had a significantly higher rate (39%) ... | 1985 | 2987559 |
| the papanicolaou test for cervical cancer detection. a triumph and a tragedy. | the complex detection system leading to the discovery and treatment of precancerous lesions and early cancer of the uterine cervix is described in detail and discussed. by far the most difficult and underestimated component of this system is the screening and interpretation of cervical (papanicolaou) smears. cytologic case finding may fail because of inadequate samples, insufficient time devoted to screening, or human fatigue. other weak points of the system, such as an inadequate clinical compo ... | 1989 | 2642983 |
| zoonotic brugia infections in north and south america. | nine new zoonotic brugia infections, 8 acquired in the united states and 1 in brazil, are described. in each, a single worm was found in histological sections of lymph nodes or lymphoid tissues. in those from north america, 5 of the 8 worms were females, all were infertile, and only 3 were alive at the time the tissues were excised; all of the patients were male. a dead female worm was collected from a brazilian male patient. in addition, 3 cases of filarial infections in the u.s., previously id ... | 1989 | 2662786 |
| review of human immunodeficiency virus infection in women in the united states. | in this review, available human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence data are presented for united states women attending clinics related to reproductive health and for women in other settings. at family planning clinics, prenatal clinics, and in delivery room settings (cord blood testing), studies that have not targeted women at high risk for hiv infection have shown prevalence rates ranging from 0-4.3%. higher rates (greater than 1%) have been observed in more urban areas--newark, new y ... | 1989 | 2682415 |