| a postal survey of tail biting in pigs in south west england. | | 1995 | 7747389 |
| allergy to laboratory animals: a follow up study of its incidence and of the influence of atopy and pre-existing sensitisation on its development. | to investigate the incidence of allergy to laboratory animals (ala) during the first two years of employment, and to study the effect on ala of atopy and sensitisation. | 1995 | 7757166 |
| prevalence and distribution of foot lesions in finishing pigs in south-west england. | this paper gives the first estimate of the prevalence and distribution of foot lesions in finishing pigs in the south-west of england for 33 years. it was based on the examination of 4038 finishing pigs from 21 units. there were 3727 out of 3974 (93.8 per cent) pigs with at least one foot lesion. the prevalence of different lesions was: toe erosion (33.0 per cent), sole erosion (62.1 per cent), heel erosion (13.0 per cent), heel flaps (14.4 per cent), white line lesions (55.4 per cent), false sa ... | 1997 | 9342085 |
| a 1-year study of escherichia coli o157 in cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry. | samples of rectal faeces were collected immediately after slaughter from 400 cattle each month for a 1-year period and from 1000 each of sheep, pigs and poultry over the same period. samples were examined for escherichia coli o157 by enrichment culture in buffered peptone water with vancomycin, cefixime and cefsulodin followed by immunomagnetic separation and culture of magnetic particles onto cefixime tellurite sorbitol macconkey agar. e. coli o157 was isolated from 752 (15.7%) of 4800 cattle, ... | 1997 | 9363024 |
| campylobacter contamination of raw meat and poultry at retail sale: identification of multiple types and comparison with isolates from human infection. | campylobacter species are the major cause of acute bacterial enteritis reported in the united kingdom, nonetheless many aspects of campylobacteriosis epidemiology remain poorly understood. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in fresh bovine, ovine, and porcine liver and chicken portions from retail outlets and compare strain subtype distributions with those associated with cases of human campylobacteriosis occurring within the same ... | 2000 | 11131886 |
| investigation by long pcr of the genetic elements mediating vana glycopeptide resistance in enterococci from uncooked meat in south manchester. | | 1997 | 9331682 |
| protracted outbreak of salmonella typhimurium definitive phage type 170 food poisoning related to tripe, 'pig bag', and chitterlings. | an outbreak of food poisoning around south yorkshire due to salmonella typhimurium definitive phage type 170 related to eating tripe, 'pig bag', and chitterlings was associated with a common supplier. possible links with other suppliers were considered. twenty-two cases occurred between 11 april 1995 and 7 may 1995. the situation was complicated by the complex distribution network of suppliers and by possible cross contamination in the retail outlets. this complexity created difficulties in the ... | 1998 | 9718834 |
| variation in open reading frames 3, 4 and 7 among porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in the uk. | previous studies using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have revealed antigenic variation among uk isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (prrsv) and the use of in vitro translation products has shown that this variation lies in the protein encoded by open reading frame (orf) 3. this protein has been shown to be present in purified virion preparations, suggesting that it is a structural protein. the original objective was to investigate the degree of variation of orf3 amon ... | 1997 | 9220616 |
| a hospital outbreak of clostridium perfringens food poisoning--implications for food hygiene review in hospitals. | an outbreak of clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) food poisoning affected 17 of 44 (38.6%) patients interviewed on two hospital wards. a case-control study showed a statistically significant association between the consumption of roast pork and illness (p < 0.01). c. perfringens type a, untypable serotype, was isolated from samples of pre-cooked vacuum sealed pork supplied by a local meat producer. faults were noted in the food production process at the factory. cuts of meat were too large ... | 1995 | 7738342 |
| assessment of the injuries sustained by pregnant sows housed in groups using electronic feeders. | the incidence of injuries to pregnant sows kept in dynamic groups in a commercial herd was recorded over a period of 18 months. the sows were maintained in a solid-floored building with a straw-bedded lying area allowing 1.7 m2 per sow and fed by means of electronic feeders. injuries on 12 possible areas of the body were assessed every week, and graded on the scale of 0 to 3 (maximum body score 36). the lesion scores sustained by the sows were very low, with a maximum of 19 and a median of 4. le ... | 1998 | 9871954 |
| risk factors for vulva biting in breeding sows in south-west england. | a postal survey was conducted on 410 pig farms in south-west england to investigate the risk factors for vulva biting. the results of the bivariate analyses indicated that group housing, keeping a boar in the same pen and the number of sows per drinker were significantly associated (p < or = 0.05) with vulva biting in service sows. group housing, group size, keeping a boar in the same pen, straw bedding, electronic sow feeders, feeding once daily, providing water automatically and the number of ... | 1998 | 9885129 |
| free-living wild boar in south-east england. | | 1998 | 9885139 |
| a serological study of canine herpes virus-1 infection in the english dog population. | an epidemiological survey investigated the prevalence of canine herpes virus-1 antibodies in a population of 325 pet dogs in england. sera were analysed for the presence of canine herpes virus-1 neutralising antibody by means of a serum neutralisation test and for virus-specific igg and igm by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. in contrast with published results from other parts of the world, canine herpes virus-1 infection was shown to be common among the domestic dog population of en ... | 1998 | 9739327 |
| prevalence and risk factors associated with adventitious bursitis in live growing and finishing pigs in south-west england. | the prevalence and risk factors associated with adventitious bursitis in 912 growing and finishing pigs, originating from 20 different housing systems in south-west england, were investigated in this study. the overall prevalence of bursal lesions was 63.4%. bursae were seen at different aspects of the hock: lateroplantar, plantar, medial and point of the hock. the most frequently affected site was lateroplantar (54.4%) followed by plantar (12.5%), medial (2.0%) and finally the point of the hock ... | 1999 | 10081787 |
| epidemiology of enteric disease in grower-finisher pigs: a postal survey of pig producers in england. | a questionnaire was sent to 238 members of local pig discussion groups in the west midlands region of england to identify farm level factors associated with the occurrence of diarrhoea in grower-finisher pigs. the questions related to the occurrence, diagnosis and aetiology of scour problems on the farm, the prevalence of common porcine diseases on the farm, the classes of pigs, staff employment, source of replacement stock and biosecurity measures, the husbandry techniques such as piglet manage ... | 1999 | 10230011 |
| free-living wild boar in south-east england. | | 1998 | 9854323 |
| questionnaire survey of proliferative enteropathy on british pig farms. | risk factors for proliferative enteropathy were investigated by means of a postal questionnaire survey of randomly selected british pig farms. replies were received from 319 (56 per cent) of the 569 questionnaires posted, representing 1.5 per cent of the total number of pig farms in britain. thirty-one per cent of the farms had experienced at least one episode of proliferative enteropathy within the previous three years, usually confirmed by their veterinary surgeon. there was a strong associati ... | 1998 | 9670457 |
| further cases of necrotic enteritis in calves. | | 1994 | 7801436 |
| incidence of foot and skin lesions in nursing piglets and their association with behavioural activities. | a total of 356 piglets from one farm were examined for foot and skin lesions every day for the first 10 days after birth, and then on alternate days until they were weaned. over a period of 24 days 100 per cent of the piglets examined developed sole bruising, and 49.1 per cent developed sole erosions. sole bruising lasted for an average of 13 days and sole erosions for seven days. at the beginning of the study, a higher proportion of piglets had mild sole bruising; from three to nine days of age ... | 1999 | 10466773 |
| thoracic organ transplantation at papworth hospital. | | 1996 | 9286566 |
| professor matthew stewart: asbestosis research 1929-1934. | matthew stewart, professor of pathology at leeds university, developed an interest in asbestosis during the late 1920s. in 1929, the medical research council (mrc), encouraged by an advisory committee, funded research into asbestosis at leeds university. stewart supported by physicians designed a program of clinical, radiological and physiological studies to follow up merewether's affected asbestos workers. unfortunately, this met with opposition from industry, and the home office factory depart ... | 1997 | 9327084 |
| free-living wild boar in south-east england. | | 1998 | 9921636 |
| characterisation of a recent virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus from britain with a deleted orf 3a. | analyses of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) isolates have suggested that tropism and pathogenicity are influenced by the spike protein and orf 3. in general, enteric viruses (tgev) have been shown to contain intact spike and orf 3 genes, whilst respiratory isolates (prcv) have major deletions within both regions. virulence has been correlated to a functional orf 3. here, sequence analysis of a recent isolate of virulent tgev, revealed a varia ... | 1999 | 10365166 |
| the prevalence of brodetella bronchiseptica and turbinate (conchal) atrophy in english pig herds in 1978-79. | examination of pigs (eight to 10 per farm) slaughtered between december 1978 and march 1979 at abattoirs in southern england indicated that infection with bordetella bronchiseptica was widespread. the organism was recovered from the nasal cavity of 424 out of 844 (50 per cent) of such pigs and these were distributed among 79 out of 86 (91 per cent) of the herds submitting animals. the sensitivity to sulphonamide or potentiated sulphonamide of 255 of these strains was determined: in 20 out of 70 ... | 1980 | 7445392 |
| foot-and-mouth disease outbreak. | | 2001 | 11289556 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis and porcine epidemic diarrhoea in britain. | | 1999 | 10390802 |
| fmd results in 70 per cent fall in submissions to vla regional laboratories. | | 2001 | 11394795 |
| classical swine fever: essex ban to stay in place. | | 2000 | 11083043 |
| surveys for salmonella in pigs, cattle and sheep at slaughter in great britain. | | 2000 | 11132678 |
| reproductive ageing and the menopause. | this brief review describes early work initiated by anne mclaren and john biggers, in which they repeated on mice a very early experiment carried out by john hunter on pigs, to test the effect of unilateral ovariectomy on subsequent breeding performance. this and subsequent experiments led to the conclusion that reproductive ageing in the female mouse was largely due to ageing changes in the uterus. as a result of these changes fewer implanted blastocysts are carried to term in the older females ... | 2001 | 11417906 |
| the gubernaculum testis hunteri: testicular descent and maldescent. arris and gale lecture delivered at the royal college of surgeons of england on 27th october 1959. | | 1964 | 14172018 |
| descriptive epidemiology of the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in great britain: the first five months. | in february 2001, foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) was confirmed in great britain. a major epidemic developed, which peaked around 50 cases a day in late march, declining to under 10 a day by may. by mid-july, 1849 cases had been detected. the main control measures employed were livestock movement restrictions and the rapid slaughter of infected and exposed livestock. the first detected case was in south-east england; infection was traced to a farm in north-east england to which all other cases were ... | 2001 | 11808655 |
| phylogenetic relationships of asian and european pig breeds determined by mitochondrial dna d-loop sequence polymorphism. | phylogenetic relationships among asian and european pig breeds were assessed using 1036 bp of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) d-loop sequences. an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (upgma) tree was constructed on the basis of maximum likelihood distances using sequences determined for three cheju (korea), 11 chinese, one westran (australian feral origin) and two european pigs (berkshire and welsh), and also published sequences for four japanese (including two wild boars), one yucatan m ... | 2002 | 11849133 |
| evidence for the presence of hepatitis e virus in pigs in the united kingdom. | samples of serum, tissue and faeces from two pig herds in england were examined for hepatitis e virus by reverse-transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr), and a virus strain from each herd was partially sequenced. eleven of 42 faecal samples and 16 of 21 tissue samples from two pigs were positive for the virus by rt-pcr. analysis of two unique but closely related nucleotide sequences obtained from the two herds showed that the viruses clustered in genotype iii (6) with a human strain of the virus from an auto ... | 2004 | 15005446 |
| national survey for salmonella in pigs, cattle and sheep at slaughter in great britain (1999-2000). | the objective of these surveys was to estimate the prevalence of faecal carriage of salmonella in healthy pigs, cattle and sheep at slaughter, and of pig carcase contamination with salmonella. these data can be used as a baseline against which future change in salmonella prevalence in these species at slaughter can be monitored. | 2004 | 15012813 |
| zoonotic illness--determining risks and measuring effects: association between current animal exposure and a history of illness in a well characterised rural population in the uk. | to recruit a representative sample of farmworkers, accurately quantify the range and extent of their animal exposures, and measure the associated risks of illness. | 1994 | 8189169 |
| general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease linked with red meat, england and wales, 1992-1999. | between 1992 and 1999, 1,426 foodborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease (iid) were reported to the public health laboratory service (phls) communicable disease surveillance centre (cdsc). sixteen percent were linked with the consumption of red meat. over 5,000 people were affected, with 186 hospital admissions and nine deaths. beef (34%) and pig meat (32%) were the most frequently implicated meat types, with lamb implicated in 11% of outbreaks. the organisms most frequently rep ... | 2001 | 12109392 |
| research in the canine block. | this article, in honor of dr. anne mclaren, describes research done during 1955-1959 in the canine block at the royal veterinary college, london. during that period, anne in collaboration with the author demonstrated that cultured mouse preimplantation embryos could develop into normal mice after transfer to surrogate mothers. we also studied in depth the control of variability of experimental animals and reproductive aging. in recalling this period, i reminisce about anne and the scientific env ... | 2001 | 11417886 |
| antimicrobial resistance in salmonella isolated from animals and their environment in england and wales from 1988 to 1999. | resistance to 16 antimicrobial agents was monitored in 109,125 salmonella cultures isolated from animals, their environment and feedstuffs between 1988 and 1999. the sensitivity of the 6512 isolates of salmonella enterica enterica serotype dublin to all the antimicrobial agents tested varied from 98.2 per cent in 1997 to 99.7 per cent in 1990 and 1996. in contrast, among 28,053 isolates of salmonella enterica enterica serotype typhimurium, there was a marked decrease in their sensitivity to all ... | 2002 | 12054133 |
| the return of the prodigal swine. | wild boar sus scrofa were early natives of the british isles, survived through to norman times as beast of the chase, and died out only 300 years ago, if popular mythology is to be believed. now they are back, in a remarkable, unplanned. reintroduction programme. should conservationists be celebrating, or should biologists be heeding the caution of the veterinary world? | 2001 | 11740076 |
| hospital outbreak of salmonella virchow possibly associated with a food handler. | a foodborne outbreak of salmonella infection at a private hospital in london in 1994 was found to be associated with eating turkey sandwiches prepared by a food handler. one patient, nine staff, and a foodhandler's baby were confirmed to have salmonella enterica serotype virchow, phage type 26 infection. the attack rate was estimated to be 5% among the approximately 200 patients and staff at risk. a food handler reportedly became ill days after, but her baby days before, the first hospital case. ... | 2000 | 10772833 |
| the relationship between tail biting in pigs, docking procedure and other management practices. | the tail length (docked, tipped or undocked) and tail status (bitten or unbitten) of 27,870 pigs from 450 units was recorded at six uk abattoirs. a farm survey of the final finishing stage was used to investigate the relationship between management practice and tail biting. this showed that docking was the most important factor influencing the probability of being not bitten, with 2.4% of docked and 8.5% of long-tailed pigs being tail-bitten. the following factors reduced the probability of long ... | 2001 | 11145831 |
| pmws and porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome in great britain. | | 2000 | 10955884 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus suis isolated from swine in france and from humans in different countries between 1996 and 2000. | the susceptibility of 135 streptococcus suis strains isolated from pigs (n = 110) and from humans (n = 25) to 13 antimicrobial agents was studied by microdilution and disc diffusion methods using mueller-hinton agar ii (mh) supplemented with either defibrinated sheep blood (mhsb) or horse serum (mhhs). results were similar for both methods used except for penicillin g whose zone diameters were reduced with mhsb compared with mhhs. when mh was supplemented with sheep blood, 39% of s. suis strains ... | 2002 | 12161400 |
| depressed state of the livestock sector reflected in submissions to the vla. | | 1999 | 10574270 |
| poor reproductive performance in pigs. | | 2003 | 12790170 |
| influenza a pandemics of the 20th century with special reference to 1918: virology, pathology and epidemiology. | influenza a virus initiated worldwide epidemics (pandemics) in 1918, 1957, 1968 and 1977. a revised calculation of the 1918-1919 pandemic estimates that 40 million persons died and 500 million were infected. the mortalities in 1957 and 1968 were nearly 6 million. biological and genetic characteristics of the causative agents of the more recent pandemics, have been well studied but little is known about the causative agent of the great pandemic in 1918. genetic characterisation of the 1918 virus ... | 2000 | 10713598 |
| watch out guinea pigs, here i come. | we live in an age of increasing emphasis of do-it-yourself, as a mere glance at the tv schedule will prove. why not apply this same principle to your research? by becoming the guinea pig of your own experimentation you will be following a noble precedent--though maybe not a sane one! | 2001 | 11313542 |
| the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in the united kingdom: epidemiological and meteorological case studies. | the possibility of the airborne spread of foot-and-mouth disease during the 2001 epidemic in the uk has been investigated in three epidemiological case studies. on the basis of evidence from field investigations, and a simple meteorological analysis, it is concluded that the spread of disease was consistent with the airborne transport of virus. the distances ranged from less than 1 km to 16 km; six of the farms were over 6 km from the source and involved the passage of virus over the sea combine ... | 2005 | 15965003 |
| characteristics of clostridium perfringens strains associated with food and food-borne disease. | hall, herbert e. (robert a. taft sanitary engineering center, cincinnati, ohio), robert angelotti, keith h. lewis, and milton j. foter. characteristics of clostridium perfringens strains associated with food and food-borne disease. j. bacteriol. 85:1094-1103. 1963.-a total of 83 strains of clostridium perfringens-30 from england, europe, and asia, associated with food-poisoning outbreaks; 28 from the united states, associated with outbreaks or contaminated foods; and 25 from natural or pathologi ... | 1963 | 14044000 |
| prevalence of foot and limb lesions in 528 weaned pigs from 15 units in south-west england. | | 1999 | 10343378 |
| a comparison of antimicrobial susceptibilities in nontyphoidal salmonellas from humans and food animals in england and wales in 2000. | a joint study by the public health laboratory service and the veterinary laboratories agency of resistance to antimicrobials in isolates of salmonella enterica serotypes enteritidis, typhimurium, hadar, and virchow from humans and food-producing animals in england and wales in 2000 has demonstrated that resistance was most common in typhimurium, particularly in strains of definitive phage type (dt) 104. however resistance was also common in other phage types, particularly dts 193 and 208 and pha ... | 2003 | 12820804 |
| anal biting in pigs. | | 2003 | 12790245 |
| origins of the csf outbreak. | | 2000 | 11037735 |
| an outbreak of salmonella brandenburg infection caused by infected pork products. | | 1965 | 14267950 |
| poor reproductive performance in pigs. | | 2003 | 14582737 |
| observations on eaton primary atypical pneumonia agent and analogous problems in animals. | | 1963 | 14064932 |
| detection and genetic typing of type 2 porcine circoviruses in archived pig tissues from the uk. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) is implicated as the causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and is also associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). the recent emergence of epidemic pmws in the united kingdom was predated by sporadic cases of pdns dating back to the early 1980's. the aim of this study was to investigate whether pcv-2 dna was present in archival tissues, and if so, to investigate the relatedness of these viruses with contemporary ... | 2004 | 15168203 |
| potentially novel segmental polioencephalomyelitis in weaner pigs. | | 2004 | 15260452 |
| virulence in the guinea-pig, susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide, and catalase activity of isoniazid-sensitive tubercle bacilli from south indian and british patients. | | 1963 | 14068947 |
| mycobacterium microti infection (vole tuberculosis) in wild rodent populations. | mycobacterium microti (vole tuberculosis) infections in small wild mammals were first described more than 60 years ago in several populations in great britain. few studies of vole tuberculosis have been undertaken since then, and little is known about the relationship between m. microti isolates originating from different populations or at different times or of the prevalence of this infection in wild rodent populations, despite human cases of m. microti infections being increasingly reported. i ... | 2002 | 12202566 |
| the foot and mouth disease (fmd) epidemic in the united kingdom 2001. | the foot and mouth disease epidemic commenced in february 2001 when diseased pigs were identified in an abattoir. the infection had become widespread in sheep in england and wales before this discovery. it was decided to eradicate the disease by slaughter rather than use vaccine. the virus was a pan-asia o strain that caused few lesions in sheep and this made the identification of infected flocks very difficult leading to a long drawn-out epidemic. over four million animals were slaughtered in 2 ... | 2002 | 12365809 |
| characterisation of attaching-effacing escherichia coli isolated from animals at slaughter in england and wales. | escherichia coli isolates were recovered from faecal samples taken from cattle, sheep and pigs at slaughter in england and wales. isolates (n = 1227) selected at random from this collection were each hybridised in colony dot-blot experiments with an eae gene probe that presumptively identified attaching-effacing e. coli (aeec). of the 99 (8.1%) eae positive isolates 72 were of ovine origin, 24 were of bovine origin and three of porcine origin. none were typed as o157:h7 whereas 78 were assigned ... | 2004 | 15288926 |
| genetic diversity among pasteurella multocida strains of avian, bovine, ovine and porcine origin from england and wales by comparative sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene. | genetic diversity among 86 pasteurella multocida isolates was investigated by comparative sequence analysis of a 1468 bp fragment of the 16s rrna gene. the strains included 79 field isolates recovered from birds (poultry) (22), cattle (21), pigs (26) and sheep (10) within england and wales, four asian isolates associated with bovine haemorrhagic septicaemia, and the type strains of the three subspecies of p. multocida. dulcitol and sorbitol fermentation patterns were also determined to establish ... | 2004 | 15583172 |
| serologic studies of some porcine enteroviruses by means of neutralization tests in tissue culture. | | 1964 | 14125909 |
| spatiotemporal patterns and risks of herd breakdowns in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a retrospective cohort study of 116 british pig farms was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological risk factors associated with herd breakdowns with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). farmers reported the pmws status of their herd (case definition 1) and, where applicable, when the disease was first suspected and what they observed; they described a prolonged increase in mortality in six to 16-week-old pigs that was not attributable to any disease known to be on their farm. ... | 2007 | 17545645 |
| clinical and laboratory investigations of five outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease during the 2001 epidemic in the united kingdom. | clinical and laboratory investigations of five outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) were made during the early stages of the 2001 epidemic in the uk. the first outbreak, confirmed on february 20, was at an abattoir in essex which specialised in the processing of culled sows and boars. on february 23, the disease was confirmed at a pig farm in northumberland which held cull sows and boars fed on waste food; the findings indicated that it was the first of the five premises to be infected. the ... | 2003 | 12733557 |
| further characterization of porcine brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates with decreased susceptibility to tiamulin. | brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a severe diarrhoeal disease in pigs. few drugs are available to treat the disease, owing to both antimicrobial resistance and withdrawal of drugs authorized for use in pigs. tiamulin is the drug of choice in many countries, but isolates with decreased susceptibility have recently been reported. the mechanism of tiamulin resistance in b. hyodysenteriae is not known and this facet is essential to understand the dissemination of ... | 2004 | 15017283 |
| area-level risks for bse in british cattle before and after the july 1988 meat and bone meal feed ban. | in this paper we investigate area-level risk factors for bse for the cattle population present in great britain between 1986 and 1997. by dividing this population into two birth cohorts, those born before the july 1988 ban on feeding ruminant-derived meat and bone meal to ruminants and those born after, second-order regional influences are distinguished from the strong first-order south-to-north gradient of area-level bse risk using bayesian hierarchical models that account for structured (spati ... | 2005 | 15899301 |
| characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates from broiler poultry and pig farms in england and wales. | this study aimed to investigate the occurrence and molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) isolates on poultry and pig farms in england and wales. a total of 217 vref isolates were obtained from fresh feces and environmental swabs collected from conventional and organic farms. a predominant pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profile was found for each vref-positive farm, together with less frequent types. all isolates presented the vana genotype and were e ... | 2005 | 16000449 |
| further cases of csf confirmed in east anglia. | | 2000 | 11037724 |
| non-travel-associated hepatitis e in england and wales: demographic, clinical, and molecular epidemiological characteristics. | between 1996 and 2003, 186 cases of hepatitis e were serologically diagnosed. of these, 17 (9%) were not associated with recent travel abroad. patients were >55 years old (range, 56-82 years old) and tended to be male (76%). two patients presented with fulminant hepatitis. a total of 129 (69%) cases were associated with recent travel to countries where hepatitis e virus (hev) is hyperendemic. compared with patients with travel-associated disease, patients with non-travel-associated disease were ... | 2005 | 16136458 |
| surveillance of suspect animal toxicoses with potential food safety implications in england and wales between 1990 and 2002. | the potential chemical contamination incidents investigated by the veterinary laboratories agency (vla) between 1990 and 2002 are reviewed. incidents were identified in the course of the vla's surveillance of food animal disease and further investigations were carried out on behalf of the food standards agency in order to identify and control the contamination of food animals and animal products with chemical hazards. in total 876 incidents were investigated, of which 588 involved the poisoning ... | 2005 | 16227381 |
| transmission pathways of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the united kingdom in 2007. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus causes an acute vesicular disease of domesticated and wild ruminants and pigs. identifying sources of fmd outbreaks is often confounded by incomplete epidemiological evidence and the numerous routes by which virus can spread (movements of infected animals or their products, contaminated persons, objects, and aerosols). here, we show that the outbreaks of fmd in the united kingdom in august 2007 were caused by a derivative of fmdv o(1) bfs 1860, a virus strain h ... | 2008 | 18421380 |
| potentially novel segmental polioencephalomyelitis in weaner pigs. | | 2004 | 15285288 |
| effects of insulation on the temperature within farrowing huts and the weaning weights of piglets reared on a commercial outdoor pig unit. | the air temperatures inside uninsulated and insulated huts were recorded on an outdoor pig unit in the south of england between september 1997 and september 1998, and the herd's production parameters were also recorded. during the summer the temperatures inside some of the uninsulated huts exceeded 45 degrees c, but the temperatures inside the insulated huts were lower and fluctuated less. despite the high temperatures, the weaning weight of piglets reared in the uninsulated huts were often high ... | 2005 | 16361473 |
| comparison of different control strategies for foot-and-mouth disease: a study of the epidemics in canada in 1951/52, hampshire in 1967 and northumberland in 1966. | the measures used to control the epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease in canada in 1951/52 (29 outbreaks) were compared with those used in the epidemic in hampshire in 1967 (29 outbreaks). in both epidemics the disease spread more from premises where the disease was reported late and the imposition of quarantine or restrictions on infected premises was delayed. in hampshire, area restrictions were imposed, susceptible livestock on infected premises and on premises in direct contact were slaughter ... | 2006 | 16400097 |
| epidemiology of the 2000 csf outbreak in east anglia: preliminary findings. | | 2001 | 12503600 |
| bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle. | in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ... | 2007 | 16434219 |
| germs and angels: the role of testimony in young children's ontology. | in three experiments, children's reliance on other people's testimony as compared to their own, first-hand experience was assessed in the domain of ontology. children ranging from 4 to 8 years were asked to judge whether five different types of entity exist: real entities (e.g. cats, trees) whose existence is evident to everyone; scientific entities (e.g. germs, oxygen) that are normally invisible but whose existence is generally presupposed in everyday discourse; endorsed beings (e.g. the tooth ... | 2006 | 16445398 |
| neuropsychological effects of long-term low-level organophosphate exposure in orchard sprayers in england. | the health effects from prolonged low-level organophosphate exposure are unknown. we hypothesized that exposed individuals would show neuropsychological decrements when compared with unexposed individuals, and that cumulative organophosphate exposure would be correlated with neuropsychological performance. we used a quasiexperimental cross-sectional design to compare neuropsychological test scores among three groups: orchard sprayers exposed to organophosphates, and construction worker and pig f ... | 2004 | 16599004 |
| coccidiosis in replacement gilts. | | 2005 | 16244235 |
| modelling the initial spread of foot-and-mouth disease through animal movements. | livestock movements in great britain (gb) are well recorded and are a unique record of the network of connections among livestock-holding locations. these connections can be critical for disease spread, as in the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in the uk. here, the movement data are used to construct an individual-farm-based model of the initial spread of fmd in gb and determine the susceptibility of the gb livestock industry to future outbreaks under the current legislative requir ... | 2006 | 17015320 |
| survey of pigs' kidneys with lesions consistent with pmws and pdns and ochratoxicosis. part 2: pathological and histological findings. | one thousand condemned pigs' kidneys were collected in february 2002 from two pig abattoirs in england to assess the lesions due to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) and the possible contribution of ochratoxicosis; 174 of the kidneys were pale, 295 were swollen and 81 were abnormally firm with the gross appearance of fibrosis. the main macroscopic finding was the presence of multifocal pale cortical lesions, observed in 446 o ... | 2006 | 17142623 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in southwest england. | although autochthonous hepatitis e has been reported in developed countries, its extent and nature in the united kingdom are unclear. the aim of the present study was to report the natural history, lifestyle risk factors and molecular epidemiology of autochthonous hepatitis e infection in southwest england. three hundred and thirty-three patients with unexplained hepatitis were tested for markers of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection over a 7-year period. hev rna isolated from the cases was ampli ... | 2007 | 17439519 |
| dynamics of salmonella transmission on a british pig grower-finisher farm: a stochastic model. | previous modelling studies have estimated that between 1% and 10% of human salmonella infections are attributable to pig meat consumption. in response to this food safety threat the british pig industry have initiated a salmonella monitoring programme. it is anticipated that this programme will contribute to achieving a uk food standards agency target for reducing salmonella levels in pigs at slaughter by 50% within 5 years. in order to better inform the monitoring programme, we have developed a ... | 2008 | 17475090 |
| risks to farm animals from pathogens in composted catering waste containing meat. | uncooked meat may contain animal pathogens, including bovine spongiform encephalopathy, foot-and-mouth disease virus, african swine fever virus and classical swine fever virus, and to prevent outbreaks of these diseases in farm animals, the disposal of meat from catering waste is controlled under the animal by-products regulations. this paper estimates the risks to farm animals of grazing land on to which compost, produced by the composting of catering waste containing meat, has been applied. th ... | 2004 | 15311800 |
| tyre wire disease causes further losses in cornish cattle in june. | | 2004 | 15384502 |
| surveillance. november 2008. | | 2009 | 19151403 |
| the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in dumfries and galloway, 2001. 1: characteristics and control. | the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in dumfries and galloway in south-west scotland comprised 177 infected premises (ips) in 24 geographical clusters, and ran from march 1 until may 23, 2001. initial seeding of infection was by livestock (predominantly sheep) that had passed through longtown market in adjacent cumbria. thereafter, spread within existing, and to new, clusters was associated with the movement of personnel and vehicles, with further transmission by longtown market contacts and acro ... | 2005 | 15751571 |
| disease risks from foods, england and wales, 1996-2000. | data from population-based studies and national surveillance systems were collated and analyzed to estimate the impact of disease and risks associated with eating different foods in england and wales. from 1996 to 2000, an estimated 1,724,315 cases of indigenous foodborne disease per year resulted in 21,997 hospitalizations and 687 deaths. the greatest impact on the healthcare sector arose from foodborne campylobacter infection (160,788 primary care visits and 15,918 hospitalizations), while sal ... | 2005 | 15757549 |
| the evolution of mitral valve surgery: 1902-2002. | the evolution of the surgical therapy of mitral valve disease emanates from original statements by british cardiologists in 1902 and anecdotal individual surgical cases in 1923 and 1925. considerable amounts of experimental investigation during these years and after world war ii in 1948 finally resulted in the widespread use of closed mitral commissurotomy, a successful therapy for noncalcified mitral stenosis. the history of mitral valve surgery then rapidly progressed with a variety of prosthe ... | 2003 | 15785175 |
| transport of veterinary antibiotics in overland flow following the application of slurry to arable land. | the environment may be exposed to veterinary medicines administered to livestock due to the application of organic fertilisers to land. slurry is often spread on to fields following the harvest of the previous crop. despite recommendations to do so, the slurry may not be ploughed into the soil for some time. if precipitation occurs before incorporation then it is likely that the slurry and any antibiotic residues in the slurry will be transported towards surface waters in overland flow. this phe ... | 2005 | 15823328 |
| the work of the animal research station, cambridge. | this paper traces the history of the animal research station, cambridge from its establishment in 1932 to its closure in 1986. the author worked there for forty years and was director from 1979. originally set up as a field station for cambridge university's school of agriculture, the station was expanded after world war ii as the agricultural research council's unit of animal reproduction. beginning with semen and artificial insemination, research at the station soon embraced superovulation and ... | 2007 | 17543843 |
| factors associated with preweaning mortality on commercial pig farms in england and wales. | data from 67 pig farms with a variety of farrowing systems were used to identify factors associated with preweaning mortality in british pig herds. the median mortality reported by the farmers was 10.7 per cent (interquartile range 8.5 to 14 per cent). there was a significantly higher mortality when the pigs were weaned when they were older. a multivariable poisson model was developed into which the types of farrowing system on each farm and the age at weaning were forced. factors associated wit ... | 2006 | 16905731 |
| detection and surveillance for animal trichinellosis in gb. | the zoonotic disease trichinellosis is considered one of the re-emerging diseases with surveillance and control methods constantly gaining more importance worldwide. recent change in european union (eu) legislation introduces trichinella-free production, and the possibility of risk-based monitoring for trichinella in pigs. this has increased the role of wildlife surveillance programmes and their impact on protecting human health as well as highlighted the need for harmonised surveillance protoco ... | 2008 | 18160221 |
| sources of escherichia coli o157 and experiences over the past 15 years in sheffield, uk. | in the first documented outbreak of hc caused by escherichia coli o157, which occurred in the north-west usa in 1982, there was a strong association between infection and prior consumption of ground beef from a chain of fast food restaurants. foods of bovine origin, including beef, milk and dairy products, have since been implicated in many outbreaks of infection world-wide. investigations during the course of outbreaks, or at random, have shown that cattle are a major reservoir of e. coli o157. ... | 2000 | 10880179 |
| a cross-sectional study of the prevalence and associated risk factors for bursitis in weaner, grower and finisher pigs from 93 commercial farms in england. | a cross-sectional study of 93 farms in england was carried out to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors for bursitis. a total of 6250 pigs aged 6-22 weeks were examined for presence and severity of bursitis. details of pen construction, pen quality and farm management were recorded including floor type, presence of bedding, condition of the floor and floor materials. the prevalence of bursitis was 41.2% and increased with each week of age (or 1.1). two-level logistic regression mod ... | 2008 | 17942176 |
| exploratory spatial relative risk mapping. | the many faces of disease mapping include maps of disease case locations, regional counts of cases, and disease risk. another approach is that of mapping the relative risk. previous methods to map the relative risk were based on regression models of relative risk, given information about geographical locations and established risk factors. however, spatial epidemiological investigations are often exploratory with limited knowledge about the putative risk factors. indeed, often the primary motiva ... | 2005 | 16122824 |
| clinical and laboratory investigations of the outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in southern england in 2007. | a case of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) on a cattle farm in normandy, surrey, was confirmed on friday august 3, 2007, the first case in the uk since 2001. the infection was detected nearby on a second farm on august 6. on september 12, fmd was confirmed on a farm approximately 20 km from normandy in egham, and this was followed by cases on five more farms in that area in the next three weeks. the majority of the infected farms consisted of multiple beef cattle holdings in semi-urban areas. in tot ... | 2008 | 18676997 |