| psychiatry: the battered child of medicine. | psychiatry has had a troubled history. after the french revolution "moral treatment" brought to america a period of effective and humane hospital treatment, but this progress was corrupted by the industrial revolution, and psychiatry was rejected by society as well as by medicine. although the freudian enlightenment and the introduction of social psychiatry have led to greater acceptance, today's criticisms are strident. psychiatry is criticized for imprecise diagnosis, conceptual vagaries, jarg ... | 1975 | 1089193 |
| letter: the ethics of clinical trials in england today. | | 1975 | 1089415 |
| computer-aided diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal tract disorders. | this paper reports a survey of human and computer-aided diagnosis in a prospective consecutive series of 301 patients admitted to the hospital with lower gastrointestinal tract disease. at initial outpatient contact (at which time endoscopy was customarily performed), the clinicians' diagnostic accuracy was 64.5%. after biopsy, radiology, and other investigative procedures, the clinicians' preoperative diagnostic accuracy rose t0 82.7%. when data from the house surgeon's case notes were fed into ... | 1975 | 1090479 |
| sex research and social change. | the history of scientific sex research which emerged at the turn of the century with the exemplary work of sigmund freud and havelock ellis has been complexly interactive with changing general social conditions, specific trends in sexual conduct, the content of sexual ideologies, and the developing techniques of scientific inquiry. the earliest sex researchers, although serving to bring sexuality out of the victorian cold and into the center of human development based their views of sexuality on ... | 1975 | 1091236 |
| a man-midwife. etching, hand colored, by s. w. fores, london, 1793. | | 1975 | 1095644 |
| marie stopes memorial lecture 1975. the compulsory pregnancy lobby--then and now. | the 1975 marie stopes memorial lecture reviews the efforts of marie stopes to promote contraception in the 1920s and reviews opposition to abortion voiced in the 1937 committee of the ministry of health and the home office on abortion. marie stopes believed motherhood to be too sacred an office to be held unwillingly and in the 1920s sought to combat compulsory pregnancy and high maternal mortality rates thorugh contraception. she was opposed to abortion. abortion was common since laws regula ... | 1975 | 1104826 |
| the ebb and flow of infection. | | 1976 | 1104909 |
| classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology: an account of a particular change of structure in the human ovarium. matthew baillie, 1789. | | 1975 | 1106198 |
| [isolation of the influenza virus variant a/england/42/72 (h3n2) in quebec in 1973]. | | 1975 | 1131778 |
| the influenza problem. | | 1975 | 1160812 |
| murder and the death penalty: a case report. | psychiatrists frequently maintain that the death penalty may encourage rather than deter, the commission of homicide and other violent crimes. however, there is a dearth of case reports in the literature to substantiate this belief. one such history is offered, of a man who committed three murders and attempted a fourth, hoping thereby to be executed by the state. his death wish was fulfilled. | 1975 | 1180350 |
| by the london post. private rights and the public good - sterilization of minors - comment or report? | the erosion of personal liberty and privacy is discussed in terms of the computer and data bank and the sterilization of minors. in sussex c ounty, england a computerized school health service records the health a nd physique of school children. in 1970, 55 family physicians sent off personal details of their patients to be computerized without patient pe rmission. mr. hugh macpherson has conceded the medical and administrative advantages of a computer system but thinks it is the perfect tool ... | 1975 | 1186777 |
| a 6-year survey of human brucellosis in a rural area of north-western england and north wales. | | 1975 | 1187495 |
| survey of general practitioners' attitudes to management of patients with heart attacks. | out of 305 general practitioners sent a questionnaire asking how they would treat three hypothetical patients with heart attacks 231 (76%) replied. of these, only 179 were prepared to make an unqualified choice of home or hospital treatment for a middle-aged man with an uncomplicated attack, 70 (39%) saying that they would keep the patient at home. practitioners qualifying before 1960 were more likely to do this than those qualifying in 1960 or later. if a patient declined hospital treatment 161 ... | 1975 | 1191971 |
| c'3 polymorphism of human complement in north-east england. | the c'3 polymorphism of human complement was investigated in a sample of 268 unrelated individuals in north-east england. the two common genes were comparable in frequency with other european populations investigated so far. two individuals were found to have rare variant c'3 types. | 1975 | 1222947 |
| clostridia isolated from faeces. | clostridia were isolated from human faecal samples from england, scotland, wales, usa, hong kong, uganda and japan. strains were identified on the basis of various biochemical reactions and on the type of fatty acid produced from glucose. analysis of these acids was by gas-liquid chromatography. clostridium paraputrificum was common in stool samples from england, scotland, wales, and usa, but rare in samples from hong kong, uganda and japan. | 1976 | 1263249 |
| hepatitis a and travel abroad: a study of notifications in birmingham. | one hundred and seventy-two cases of viral hepatitis a (or 'infective hepatitis' or 'infective jaundice' judged to be viral hepatitis a) were notified in birmingham in the 15 months from january 1990 to march 1991. forty patients had travelled abroad in the three months prior to onset, 30 of whom had been to the indian subcontinent. a survey of general practitioners attending to patients going abroad indicated that human normal immunoglobulin (hnig) was rarely given to intending travellers, wher ... | 1992 | 1285100 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: november 1991-june 1992. | | 1992 | 1285133 |
| influenza surveillance. | | 1992 | 1285163 |
| swine influenza. | | 1992 | 1285165 |
| influenza update. | | 1992 | 1285173 |
| virological surveillance of influenza a. | | 1992 | 1285178 |
| influenza. | | 1992 | 1285186 |
| echovirus surveillance. | | 1992 | 1285234 |
| schizophrenia following pre-natal exposure to influenza epidemics between 1939 and 1960. | we examined the relationship between the dates of births of schizophrenic patients admitted to hospitals for the first time in england and wales between 1970 and 1979, and the occurrence of influenza epidemics between 1939 and 1960. our results indicate that exposure to influenza epidemics between the third and seventh month of gestation is associated with schizophrenia in adult life. the hypothesis that maternal viral infection is an important cause of schizophrenia can explain many aspects of ... | 1992 | 1294066 |
| the medico-legal, social and ethical implications of surrogate parenthood. | infertility has existed for thousands of years and treatment has evolved with the advance of medical science. surrogate parenthood was effected previously by sexual intercourse, but aih, aid and gift have rendered this practice obsolete. the terms surrogate mother, partial and full surrogacy are defined. medico-legal, social and ethical arguments for and against surrogacy are discussed. references are made to varying national attitudes as to the desirability of legalizing surrogate parenthood an ... | 1992 | 1302784 |
| multistage carcinogenesis: population-based model for colon cancer. | recent laboratory work and previous models suggest that multiple mutations are associated with the development of colon cancer. | 1992 | 1313509 |
| the correct sequence of the porcine group c/cowden rotavirus major inner capsid protein shows close homology with human isolates from brazil and the u.k. | amino acid sequence alignments between the human group c/bristol and the published porcine group c/cowden vp6 proteins have revealed a region of extreme sequence divergence. we have been unable to confirm the nucleotide sequence of the cowden vp6 gene corresponding to this region of divergence. direct sequencing of a pcr-amplified cdna pool has revealed a frame shift, and three nucleotide changes, within the published sequence of the porcine (cowden) vp6 gene. the corrected sequence of the porci ... | 1992 | 1326817 |
| parvovirus b19 outbreak in a children's ward. | parvovirus b19 infection can cause severe complications in pregnant women, individuals with haemolytic anaemia, and those who are immunocompromised. in a hospital outbreak of this infection, a balance should be struck between protection of these individuals and the maintenance of medical services. the index case of an outbreak of parvovirus b19 infection among staff and patients of a paediatric ward was not identified. 58 members of staff were screened for b19 markers and 4 of the 6 susceptible ... | 1992 | 1345828 |
| betel-nut chewing and asthma. | two asian patients admitted to hospital with acute severe asthma had been chewing betel nut immediately before the attacks. arecoline, a cholinergic alkaloid, is a major constituent of areca catechu (betel) nut and causes the euphoric effects. we sought an association between betel-nut chewing and bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients. in vitro, arecoline caused dose-related contraction of human bronchial smooth-muscle strips, with one-tenth the potency of methacholine. in a double-blind cha ... | 1992 | 1349367 |
| efficacy and effects on pulmonary function tests of weekly 600 mg aerosol pentamidine as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a prospective study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and effects on pulmonary function tests of weekly 600 mg aerosolised pentamidine as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) amongst two groups of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. group 1 (primary prophylaxis) consisted of patients with either diseases indicative of aids other than pcp or whose absolute cd4 positive lymphocyte count was below 200/mm3, and group 2 (secondary prophylaxis) comprised pa ... | 1992 | 1353750 |
| risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission through breastfeeding. | detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in breast milk by culture and polymerase chain reaction does not necessarily mean that breastfeeding is a route of transmission, although evidence from several case-reports points in that direction. we undertook a systematic review of published studies meeting criteria that allowed determination of quantitative risk of transmission via breastfeeding. based on four studies in which mothers acquired hiv-1 postnatally, the estimated risk of t ... | 1992 | 1355163 |
| analysis of three glucose transporter genes in a caucasian population: no associations with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and obesity. | the significance of variation within the genes coding for three glucose transporter proteins in the aetiology of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus was assessed by analysing restriction fragment length polymorphisms in an english caucasian population. two polymorphisms at the hepg2/erythrocyte glucose transporter (glut1) locus, four at the liver/pancreatic glucose transporter (glut2) locus and one at the muscle/adipocyte glucose transporter (glut4) were analysed in a sample of diabetic and ... | 1992 | 1362530 |
| use of teaching methods within the lecture format. | a survey was carried out at dorset house school of occupational therapy, oxford, into the perceived effectiveness of different teaching methods used within the lecture format in the human biology courses for year 1 and year 2. results showed that the traditional, didactic lecture was perceived by the students as the least effective method used, yet by involving the students actively within the lecture time the format was enhanced and was regarded as a more effective teaching/learning tool. exper ... | 1992 | 1376853 |
| development, multiplexing, and application of arms tests for common mutations in the cftr gene. | the amplification refractory mutation system (arms) is a simple, rapid and reliable method for the detection of any mutation involving single base changes or small deletions. we have applied arms methodology to the detection of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene. single arms tests have been developed for 11 cftr mutations found in the northwest of england. arms reactions for the most common mutations have been multiplexed to give a test which will de ... | 1992 | 1379414 |
| myelopathy associated with human t cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in a white european native to england. | | 1992 | 1392959 |
| schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to 1957 a2 influenza epidemic. | "the birth dates of schizophrenic inpatients in eight health regions in england and wales were reviewed for any effect of the 1957 a2 influenza epidemic. 5 months after the peak infection prevalence, the number of births of individuals who later developed schizophrenia was 88% higher than the average number of such births in the corresponding periods of the 2 previous and the next 2 years. this finding is in accordance with a study from helsinki and with clinical and neuropathological evidence o ... | 1992 | 1393310 |
| maternal viral infection hypothesis. | | 1992 | 1393351 |
| a geostatistical approach to the analysis of pattern in rare disease. | the incidences of human disease vary from place to place, and some show distinct patterns. patterns in rare diseases, such as childhood cancer, are not readily discernible, however, and this makes it difficult to relate their distribution to factors in the environment in seeking possible causes of the disease. provided cases are geographically indexed, data on a disease can be analysed geostatistically. variograms can be computed to determine the strength and spatial scale of any pattern, and to ... | 1992 | 1419206 |
| the economic impact of poultry-borne salmonellosis: how much should be spent on prophylaxis? | foodborne salmonellosis constitutes a major health problem in many countries. moreover, the costs associated with salmonellosis could be considerable. there are thus strong arguments for preventive efforts. ambitious, often government-sponsored, programmes aimed at preventing and controlling salmonellosis in for instance, poultry production represent one alternative to lower salmonellosis-related illness and economic costs. on the other hand, such comprehensive programmes are rather resource-dem ... | 1992 | 1419524 |
| schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to influenza epidemics between 1939 and 1960. | | 1992 | 1422628 |
| students' and lecturers' preferred teaching strategies. | a survey of lecturers (n = 47) and students (n = 110) was undertaken to explore their preferred teaching strategies, using a questionnaire based on heron's (1977) dimensions of facilitator styles (human potential research project, university of surrey, guildford). overall it was found that the students tended to prefer a teacher-centred approach to teaching, whilst the lecturers preferred a student-centred approach. these findings are discussed in the light of current educational trends in the n ... | 1992 | 1428600 |
| sodomy and kingcraft in urania and antony and cleopatra. | despite his description of sodomy as a horrible crime that a king is "bound in conscience neuer to forgiue," james i pursued the affections of a string of young and handsome "favourites" on whom he lavished gifts, titles, and power. relying on the evidence of the king's own letters and frank comments from his puritan critics, most historians assume that his relations with some of these men were sexual. the king's friendship with robert carr (who was later made earl of somerset), coupled with his ... | 1992 | 1431069 |
| not since sappho: the erotic in poems of katherine philips and aphra behn. | the presentation of sexuality in poetry may be masked by the use of conventional literary devices that obscure as well as reveal the poems' erotic content. traditional readings of katherine philips' and aphra behn's poetry have ignored or denied the lesbian aspects of their verse by dismissing them as asexual representations of well-known literary conventions. this paper argues for a recognition of the ways in which these poetic conventions present a complex and sophisticated lesbian sexuality a ... | 1992 | 1431070 |
| verse letters to t.w. from john donne: "by you my love is sent". | relying on an audience of one for their impact, the verse letters of john donne are closer to autobiography than anything else in his poetry. among the most tender of these lyrics are the verse letters written to a young man named thomas woodward, whose older brother was one of donne's closest friends. using sexual metaphors, the poems reflect a homoerotic undercurrent and demonstrate affection that most readers of donne associate only with his heterosexual love poems. | 1992 | 1431076 |
| ru 486 in france and england: corporate ethics and compulsory licensing. | prospects for the introduction of ru-486 into the us in the foreseeable future are not good. the governments of france and england moved forward expeditiously with testing and approval of the drug. the legal developments surrounding the introduction of ru-486 in france and england as well as american, french, and english legal issues of corporate responsibility for licensing valuable drugs and compulsory licensing are outlined. the french government on october 28, 1988, ordered the company ro ... | 1992 | 1434766 |
| attitudes of elderly patients to medical students. | the attitudes of elderly patients towards clinical teaching of medical students was assessed by a structured interview carried out by a doctor unknown to the patient immediately prior to discharge. one hundred and thirty alert patients were approached on three acute geriatric medicine wards in the royal liverpool (teaching) hospital. a total of 106 (81.5%) patients were suitable for inclusion in the study (mean age, 80.2 years). twenty-nine per cent did not know what a medical student was despit ... | 1992 | 1435374 |
| [james douglas--the name and the man]. | | 1992 | 1440076 |
| evaluation of the obstetric significance of some pelvic characters in an 18th century british sample of known parity status. | the excavations at christ church, spitalfields (1984-86) produced a sample of 968 human skeletons which were interred between 1729 and 1859. of these, 387 were recovered in association with coffin plates stating name, age at death, and date of death. there are 138 adult females in the named sample and the obstetric histories of 94 have been reconstructed from historical documentation. such variables as birth spacing, number of children, and age at first and last births are known for the majority ... | 1992 | 1463087 |
| mapping of the darier's disease gene by serogenetic markers: results in two large british kindreds. | the authors have carried out genetic linkage studies in 57 subjects from two large kindreds of darier's disease, using a range of serological and biochemical polymorphisms of known chromosomal location. in these kindreds, about 7% of the genome has been excluded for close linkage to the darier's disease gene. however, one family showed positive lod scores for linkage with the duffy blood locus (1p13); lod scores were negative in the other family, but in the combined families the total score for ... | 1992 | 1466564 |
| operation wild dog. | 'operation wild dog' was the title given to an incredible escapade by two army dental corps soldiers who decided to mount their own two-man raid on occupied france in 1942. in an attempt to forestall claims of desertion, they involved prime minister winston churchill and, when they ultimately faced a court martial, were lauded in the press for their daredevil exploits. inspired by raids carried out by special services units on norway, italy and france, sergeant peter king, a regular soldier and ... | 1992 | 1467013 |
| samuel pepys and his bladder stone. | samuel pepys, as a young man, developed a bladder stone and, by the age of 25 years, realised that only surgery could deliver him from his agony. the chances of success in an age that was ignorant of sepsis were slender, but he opted for surgery. the operation, carried out through the perineum without anaesthetic by a master barber surgeon, was successful and pepys survived. although left sterile, he was far from impotent and he went on to achieve fame and fortune as secretary to the navy and pr ... | 1992 | 1467856 |
| disequilibrium of multiple dna markers on the human y chromosome. | we characterized four dna polymorphisms on the y chromosomes of 123 males from five caucasian populations. three markers on the male specific portion of the chromosome varied appreciably in frequency among the populations. when combined, these markers define a limited number of haplotypes compared with the maximum expected on the basis of random association. the associations found in the five groups are qualitatively similar and are thus considered to be relatively stable on an evolutionary time ... | 1992 | 1492745 |
| mycobacterium bovis in england and wales: past, present and future. | this report reviews the literature concerning tuberculosis resulting from infection with mycobacterium bovis in man and cattle and summarises data derived from surveillance of m. bovis in england and wales from 1986 to 1990. of the 228 isolates of m. bovis examined in this period, 122 (53%) were from patients aged over 60 years and are largely the result of reactivation of infection acquired prior to the institution of control measures. however, eight isolates (3.5%) were from patients aged less ... | 1992 | 1499671 |
| workplace upper limb disorders: a prospective study with intervention. | a prospective longitudinal study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of upper limb disorders in an electromechanical plant between 1980 and 1988. it included clinical and epidemiological studies, measurement of vibration produced by the power tools used, ergonomic assessment of the works and time and motion studies. simultaneously during the same period remedial actions were taken through multidisciplinary interventions when the specific causal factors were known. the study shows the c ... | 1992 | 1504296 |
| assessing the effects of a health promotion programme for elderly people. | physical exercise is an increasingly popular health promotion activity for elderly people, although evidence of its effectiveness is limited. we aimed to evaluate the impact of the exercise component of the look after yourself (lay) package promoted by the health education authority in two groups of elderly people attending the 10 weekly sessions which make up the lay course. classes 1 and 2 comprised 13 and 18 subjects, aged from 65 to 89 years, and from 58 to 87 years respectively. class 1 sub ... | 1992 | 1515204 |
| the evolving knowledge of the physiopathology of the circulation in human limbs. from sympathectomy to molecular biology. | | 1992 | 1522356 |
| the sexual behaviour of young gay men in england and wales. | much research has concluded that young gay men are at disproportionately higher risk of hiv infection through unsafe sexual behaviour. this paper is the first report on this particular group in the uk. as part of a larger cohort study, 111 young (less than 21) gay and bisexual men were interviewed about their sexual behaviour, knowledge of aids and hiv, particularly safer sexual practices and other factors. three per cent had not had sex and 13% had not had anal intercourse with a man at the tim ... | 1992 | 1525199 |
| early clinical pathologists 5: the man behind hassall's corpuscles. | | 1992 | 1541711 |
| focus on trent: education. quality training for health care assistants. | the implementation of national vocational qualifications (nvqs) in health and social care is a major initiative in the achievement of quality training for unqualified careers. managers responsible for human resource development in the health service and in local authorities will be considering ways of developing training and assessment systems that meet the requirements of the joint awarding body. this article outlines the approach of the sheffield and north trent college and employers consortiu ... | 1992 | 1547149 |
| intergenerational studies of human birthweight from the 1958 birth cohort. 1. evidence for a multigenerational effect. | to investigate possible multigenerational influences on birthweight. | 1992 | 1547177 |
| cost benefits of low dose subcutaneous erythropoietin in patients with anaemia of end stage renal disease. | to assess the cost benefits of low dose subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin in correcting the anaemia of end stage renal disease. | 1992 | 1547417 |
| early british discoveries in human genetics: contributions of r.a. fisher and j.b.s. haldane to the development of blood groups. | | 1992 | 1550114 |
| plasmid profiles demonstrate that an upsurge in salmonella berta in humans in england and wales is associated with imported poultry meat. | sixteen plasmid profile types have been identified in drug-sensitive isolates of salmonella berta isolated from humans and human food in england and wales in the ten-year period 1981-1990. since 1988 six profile types of epidemiological importance have caused infections in widely-separated geographical areas and of these, four types have been identified in s. berta isolated from chicken carcasses imported from denmark. the findings suggest that imported danish poultry has substantially contribut ... | 1992 | 1572428 |
| human milk banking at sorrento maternity hospital, birmingham. | | 1992 | 1580693 |
| serology and anthrax in humans, livestock and etosha national park wildlife. | results are presented from a number of epidemiological studies using enzyme immunoassays (eia) based on the purified anthrax toxin antigens, protective antigen, lethal factor and oedema factor. studies on sera from a group of 62 human anthrax patients in turkey and from cattle in britain following two unrelated outbreaks of anthrax show that eia using protective antigen can be a useful diagnostic aid and will detect subclinical infections in appropriate circumstances. a serological survey on wil ... | 1992 | 1582472 |
| auditing a research ethics committee. | research ethics committees approve research on human subjects performed locally. they have been criticised for failing to perform this function adequately. i have, therefore, examined the structure and process of the committee for leicestershire and compared it with the guidelines for these committees produced by the royal college of physicians and the department of health. the structure and function of the committee are described and conform well with the recommendations of the royal college of ... | 1992 | 1588529 |
| the descriptive epizootiology of phocine distemper in the uk during 1988/89. | the 'time, place, individual' approach, widely used in characterising human epidemics, was applied to the 1988 phocine distemper virus (pdv) epizootic affecting north sea seals. estimates of time of death from 157 (69%) of the 228 dead seals necropsied in 1988 indicated that the number of carcasses which were found more than 14 days post mortem increased as the epizootic progressed. although information provided by epizootic curves based on when and where carcasses were reported are affected by ... | 1992 | 1594933 |
| influenza deaths in leicestershire during the 1989-90 epidemic: implications for prevention. | there is an association between excess winter mortality and epidemics of influenza and it has been suggested that annual influenza vaccination should be offered to all over 65 years old as in the united states. this paper identifies the number of people dying from influenza in leicestershire uk during the 1989-90 epidemic and the factors associated with a fatal outcome. the findings show that deaths attributed to influenza occur predominantly in very elderly people with underlying ill-health. th ... | 1992 | 1601083 |
| peter holland: a pioneer of occupational medicine. | the earliest recorded occupational health service in this country was that established in a cotton spinning factory at quarry bank mill in cheshire. the mill was built in 1784 by samuel greg and his partners. they employed local labour and also some parish apprentices. happily, samuel greg was a good christian and, having created a modern factory and a model village with a church and a school, he was equally concerned for the physical welfare of his employees. accordingly, he appointed a doctor ... | 1992 | 1606023 |
| is the child father of the man? | | 1992 | 1606447 |
| concurrent phenomena of science and history in the 17th century and their essential interdependence. | the explanation for the explosion of science in the 17th century lies in history and medical historiography. without this approach, it becomes fantasy, accidents, or success stories. sigerist grasped the essential interdependence of science and history, and had no need for devised reasons or speculation. he realized that once the dark night of the middle ages was over, the sciences arose with undreamt of force and accelerated development. the advances in astronomy, mathematics, mechanics, and ex ... | 1992 | 1608066 |
| 'how dangerous is it that this man goes loose!' (hamlet act 4 scene iii) | | 1992 | 1614304 |
| [spongiform encephalopathies with special reference to bovine spongiform encephalopathy]. | in switzerland bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) was detected for the first time in november 1990. it is a transmissible disease of the central nervous system similar to creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd), gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker syndrome (gss) and kuru in man, and, in animals, scrapie in sheep and goats, chronic wasting disease (cwd) in captive mule deer and elk of north america and transmissible mink encephalopathy (tme) of farm reared mink. the infectious agent of the spongiform ence ... | 1992 | 1615298 |
| immunogenicity of inactivated influenza vaccine in residential homes for elderly people. | one hundred and seventy residents of 11 leicester city council homes for the elderly, with a total of 515 beds, were studied during a 30-week period from september 1988 to march 1989 to determine the use of influenza vaccine, the levels of influenza antibody, the incidence of influenza, and the protection afforded by vaccination. the study group of 133 women and 37 men had a mean age of 85 years and 59% had one or more chronic medical conditions. the immunization rates by home for the 170 sympto ... | 1992 | 1615780 |
| germ-line gene therapy: a new stage of debate. | | 1992 | 1630140 |
| 'the health of the nation': the impact of personality disorder on 'key areas'. | the purpose of this response paper is to document a form of mental illness, namely, personality disorder: (1) whose impact is far-reaching, impinging on different 'key areas' identified in 'the health of the nation' (the health of the nation: a consultative document. hmso, london, 1991), including: eating and drinking habits, smoking, prevention of accidents, human immunodeficiency (hiv)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), and other mental illness itself; (2) which tends to be underdiagno ... | 1992 | 1630979 |
| a study to estimate the prevalence of upper respiratory tract papillomatosis in patients with genital warts. | respiratory tract papillomas are associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6 and 11; these hpv types are also commonly associated with genital warts (condyloma acuminata). although most commonly seen in young children, the incidence of respiratory tract papillomas in young adults is increasing. it has been postulated that orogenital contact is the means of transmission in this age group. we performed a survey of adults with genital warts to assess the prevalence of respiratory tract papil ... | 1991 | 1646036 |
| epidemiological survey of human rotavirus serotypes and electropherotypes in young children admitted to two children's hospitals in northeast london from 1984 to 1990. | a retrospective and prospective survey was carried out to determine the relative frequency of rotavirus serotypes infecting children with diarrhea or vomiting or both who were admitted to the hospitals for sick children in london during a 6-year period from 1984 to 1990. the results were compared with data for the same period from a study in birmingham, united kingdom. the serotype of rotaviruses infecting 1,019 children was ascertained by enzyme immunoassay with vp7-specific monoclonal antibodi ... | 1991 | 1658035 |
| prevalence of occult human papillomavirus infection, determined by cytology and dna hybridization, in heterosexual men attending a genitourinary medicine clinic. | one hundred and five heterosexual men without evidence of clinical anogenital warts and attending a genitourinary medicine clinic were studied. three separate specimens for cytology were taken from (i) the distal urethra including the perimeatal area, (ii) the penile shaft and glans penis including the sub-preputial area, and (iii) from the anorectal area using a proctoscope. pooled specimens of exfoliated cells from these sites were also taken for the detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) by ... | 1991 | 1659914 |
| [the man behind the syndrome. denis burkitt. he surveyed malignant lymphoma in african children--also a pioneer in dietary fiber research]. | | 1991 | 1663565 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: november 1990--june 1991. | | 1991 | 1669752 |
| screening of blood donations for hiv-1 antibody: 1985-1991. | one hundred and ninety hiv-1 antibody positive donors have been detected, out of 14.85 million blood donations screened in the united kingdom and the isle of man, since the start of testing in october 1985 to the end of march 1991. there were 145 men and 45 women, with an overall seropositivity rate of 0.001%. records for new donors (ie, those donating for the first time) have been kept since february 1986 and 79 out of 1.9 million donations have been seropositive (58 men and 21 women); a rate o ... | 1991 | 1669759 |
| voluntary antenatal hiv testing--results of a pilot study. | voluntary testing for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was offered to 4929 antenatal patients attending two hospitals in south manchester during a 12 month period in 1989/90 in order to assess the feasibility of obtaining seroprevalence data by this method. of these patients, 1728 (35%) agreed to a named test, 1396 (28%) to an unlinked anonymous test and the remaining 37% declined to be tested. the proportion of women tested increased from 22% to 88% over the period, and was simila ... | 1991 | 1669760 |
| hiv-2 in the united kingdom--a review. | human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was first recognised in 1986 and subsequently the infection was shown to be widespread in west africa. there have been few case reports from countries outside the african continent. in north america and europe the highest number of infections have been in portugal and france. twelve hiv-2 infections have been identified in the united kingdom (uk) and nine of the twelve had some connection with africa, mostly west africa; in three cases only "sub-sahara ... | 1991 | 1669765 |
| outbreaks of influenza b: 1991. | | 1991 | 1669799 |
| respiratory infections in children. | | 1991 | 1669801 |
| parainfluenza virus type 3: surveillance. | | 1991 | 1669815 |
| influenza surveillance. | | 1991 | 1669817 |
| influenza activity, england and wales. | | 1991 | 1669826 |
| viral hepatitis, england and wales: 1989-91. | | 1991 | 1669858 |
| influenza activity. | | 1991 | 1669896 |
| acute respiratory infections. | | 1991 | 1669902 |
| schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to 1957 a2 influenza epidemic. | the birth dates of schizophrenic inpatients in eight health regions in england and wales were reviewed for any effect of the 1957 a2 influenza epidemic. 5 months after the peak infection prevalence, the number of births of individuals who later developed schizophrenia was 88% higher than the average number of such births in the corresponding periods of the 2 previous and the next 2 years. this finding is in accordance with a study from helsinki and with clinical and neuropathological evidence of ... | 1991 | 1674062 |
| application of hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) to the handling of expressed breast milk on a neonatal unit. | hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) is a powerful procedure for ensuring quality and safety and has gained widespread use in industry. this paper describes the basic method which is a four-stage process including process analysis, hazard identification, identification of critical control points and devising effective control options. suggestions as to how the method can be adapted to the control of hospital infection are made. a haccp analysis, on the supply of expressed human breast ... | 1991 | 1674260 |
| prevalence of maternal hiv-1 infection in thames regions: results from anonymous unlinked neonatal testing. | to monitor the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the heterosexual population, residues of blood samples collected routinely on absorbent paper for neonatal screening (guthrie cards) in ne, nw, and sw thames regions in england have been tested for antibodies to hiv-1 since june, 1988. 323,369 dried blood spots were analysed to end march, 1991. prevalence of anti-hiv-1 in newborn babies has remained stable in outer london and non-metropolitan districts whereas prevalence in inner lon ... | 1991 | 1675707 |
| influenza a and meningococcal disease. | there are several anecdotal accounts of the association between outbreaks of influenza and meningococcal disease. the exceptional increase in the number of cases of meningococcal infection 2 weeks after an influenza a outbreak in england and wales during november and december, 1989, provided an opportunity to investigate the relation between the two events. patients with meningococcal disease in december, 1989, were more likely than age-matched controls to show serological evidence of recent inf ... | 1991 | 1678811 |
| population variation in molecular polymorphisms of the short arm of the human x chromosome. | five dna probes (rc8, 754, xj 1-1, pert 87.8, and l1.28) from the short arm of the human x chromosome were investigated in samples from five populations (english, nigerian, chinese, muslim, and hindu from india). the variation in the allele frequencies of several probes between different groups was significant. the average heterozygosity in females of the five populations ranged from 32% to 51%. the genetic distance between the five groups was compatible with that using traditional polymorphic s ... | 1991 | 1680294 |
| phlebotomy in inoculation risk patients: a questionnaire survey of knowledge and practices of hospital doctors in liverpool. | to assess the knowledge of hospital doctors about patients at increased risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or hepatitis b virus, and the precautions they took during phlebotomy in such patients, an anonymous postal questionnaire was sent to all 307 hospital doctors working at two district general hospitals in liverpool, uk. two hundred and thirty-eight (77.5%) of the questionnaires were returned. more than 90% of respondents considered a history of male homosexuality, intr ... | 1991 | 1682370 |
| influenza a and meningococcal disease. | | 1991 | 1682561 |