| the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in dumfries and galloway, 2001. 2: serosurveillance, and efficiency and effectiveness of control procedures after the national ban on animal movements. | after the foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) epidemic in dumfries and galloway in south-west scotland in 2001, serosurveillance of sheep remaining in the 3 km radius protection zones around infected premises (ips), and within a 10 km radius of ips, revealed no evidence of infection. the epidemic was brought under control by a range of traditional techniques: slaughter of all animals on ips and of veterinary-assessed dangerous contacts (dcs), movement restrictions, biosecurity, tracing of potential sou ... | 2005 | 15765895 |
| quantification of the escherichia coli o157 reservoir in grampian, scotland. | | 2005 | 15765897 |
| dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcdd/fs and pcbs) in food from farms close to foot and mouth disease animal pyres. | to control the outbreak of foot and mouth disease, which occurred in the uk in early 2001, a large number of farm animals were slaughtered. where it was not possible to render or landfill the carcasses, they were destroyed by burning on open pyres, with wood, coal and other materials. uncontrolled combustion such as this is known to produce small quantities of dioxins and an investigation was made into whether, as a result of the burning, there was an elevation in the concentrations of these com ... | 2005 | 15798806 |
| selection on mothers and offspring: whose phenotype is it and does it matter? | reproductive and early life-history traits can be considered aspects of either offspring or maternal phenotype, and their evolution will therefore depend on selection operating through offspring and maternal components of fitness. furthermore, selection at these levels may be antagonistic, with optimal offspring and maternal fitness occurring at different phenotypic values. we examined selection regimes on the correlated traits of birth weight, birth date, and litter size in soay sheep (ovis ari ... | 2005 | 15807429 |
| scientists flock to hear cloner wilmut at the nih. | | 1997 | 9087453 |
| natural cryptosporidium hominis infections in scottish cattle. | | 2005 | 15923554 |
| human cloning requires a moratorium, not a ban. | | 1997 | 9052767 |
| the shetland islands scrapie monitoring and control programme: analysis of the clinical data collected from 772 scrapie suspects 1985-1997. | there were 574 scrapie positive suspects (histopathological scrapie lesions present) and 198 scrapie negative suspects (histopathological scrapie lesions absent). the greatest number of scrapie cases were recorded in sheep of 2, 3 and 4 years of age which represented 17%, 36% and 23% of the scrapie positive suspects, respectively. the sign sensitivities and specificities for the ten recorded signs were, respectively: pruritus (62%, 42%), ataxia (23%, 74%), hyperaesthesia (32%, 74%), wool loss (2 ... | 2006 | 16045948 |
| cloning technique 'reveals legal loophole'. | | 1997 | 9039895 |
| oil on shetland. | | 1993 | 8456544 |
| the distribution of faecal nematode egg counts in scottish blackface lambs following natural, predominantly ostertagia circumcincta infection. | faecal samples were taken in 2 consecutive years from scottish blackface lambs on a commercial farm in central scotland to examine variation among lambs in the number of nematode eggs in their faeces. samples were taken at intervals of 4 weeks from 1 to 5 months of age. lambs were treated with a broad-spectrum anthelmintic at each sample date. ewes and lambs were naturally infected by grazing pasture contaminated with mixed, predominantly ostertagia circumcincta, nematode species. the ewes were ... | 1995 | 7596641 |
| copper poisoning in sheep from north ronaldsay maintained on a diet of terrestrial herbage. | copper toxicity occurred in north ronaldsay sheep fed on a diet of terrestrial herbage relatively high in molybdenum. five sheep were taken from the island of north ronaldsay, orkney to the veterinary investigation centre at thurso and fed solely on the herbage of the laboratory paddocks, supplemented in winter by hay made from these paddocks. the level of copper, molybdenum, zinc and total sulphur in the terrestrial herbage was analysed, together with the seaweeds which form the major part of t ... | 1982 | 7147642 |
| respiratory disease causes losses in scottish cattle and poultry. | | 2006 | 16531579 |
| outbreak of listeria meningoencephalitis in young lambs. | an outbreak of listeriosis occurred in five-week-old lambs in a flock of 200 dorset ewes and 240 lambs in-wintered. nine lambs were lost within a period of 10 days. no cases of stillbirth or abortion or cerebral listeriosis occurred in the ewes. silage had been fed on this farm to both cattle and sheep for 10 years without any previous problems. a description of the outbreak and the findings are reported. | 1983 | 6415890 |
| contamination and compensation: gruinard as a 'menace to the mainland'. | the decades-long contamination of gruinard island by anthrax is now a well-known part of the history of biological weapons (bw) development, as well as that of military encroachments in the scottish highlands and islands (and the authorities' rather less persistent efforts at damage limitation). some accounts have included the related episode, reportedly well-remembered by local people, of anthrax contamination on the mainland close to gruinard. this occurred in 1942--43, when bw experiments wer ... | 2004 | 15688884 |
| prevalence and regional distribution of scab, lice and blowfly strike in great britain. | the prevalence of psoroptic mange (sheep scab), louse infestation and blowfly strike in sheep in great britain between march 2003 and february 2004 was investigated by means of a retrospective postal survey, stratified by region. of the 3530 questionnaires sent out, 1067 were returned completed, a response rate of 30.2 per cent. overall, 9 per cent of the farmers reported at least one outbreak of scab, 10.7 per cent reported an outbreak of lice and 75 per cent reported at least one case of blowf ... | 2006 | 16751308 |
| male mate choice influences female promiscuity in soay sheep. | in most animal species, males are predicted to compete for reproductive opportunities, while females are expected to choose between potential mates. however, when males' rate of reproduction is constrained, or females vary widely in 'quality', male mate choice is also predicted to occur. such conditions exist in the promiscuous mating system of feral soay sheep on st kilda, scotland, where a highly synchronized mating season, intense sperm competition and limitations on sperm production constrai ... | 2005 | 15734690 |
| sheep farming in sutherland in the eighteenth century. | | 2002 | 15889509 |
| number of ovulations in texel x scottish hill ewes carrying the inverdale fecundity (fecx(i)) gene. | | 2006 | 16877682 |
| descriptive spatial analysis of scrapie-affected flocks in great britain between january 1993 and december 2002. | the spatial distribution of sheep flocks in great britain with confirmed clinical scrapie between january 1993 and december 2002 inclusive was investigated by using kernel density estimation and a cluster scan test statistic. six statistically significant clusters were identified: three were lower risk, and were centred on the north-western coast of scotland, the north-western coast of wales and the south yorkshire/pennine region; three were of higher risk, and were centred in the central south, ... | 2006 | 16891423 |
| escherichia coli o157: burger bug or environmental pathogen? | the three main pathways of escherichia coli o157 infection are foodborne, environmental (including direct contact with animals and their faeces and contaminated water supplies) or person to person contact. the disease is often nicknamed the 'burger bug' but it appears that environmental risk factors may be more important. in this study we use four techniques (outbreak analysis, case-control studies, disease mapping and quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra)) to determine whether burgers o ... | 2006 | 16934897 |
| modeling linkage disequilibrium in natural populations: the example of the soay sheep population of st. kilda, scotland. | the use of linkage disequilibrium to localize the genes underlying quantitative traits has received considerable attention in the livestock genetics community over the past few years. this has resulted in the investigation of linkage disequilibrium structures of several domestic livestock populations to assess their potential use in fine-mapping efforts. however, the linkage disequilibrium structure of free-living populations has been less well investigated. as the direct evaluation of linkage d ... | 2005 | 15965254 |
| modelling the initial spread of foot-and-mouth disease through animal movements. | livestock movements in great britain (gb) are well recorded and are a unique record of the network of connections among livestock-holding locations. these connections can be critical for disease spread, as in the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in the uk. here, the movement data are used to construct an individual-farm-based model of the initial spread of fmd in gb and determine the susceptibility of the gb livestock industry to future outbreaks under the current legislative requir ... | 2006 | 17015320 |
| heterozygosity, inbreeding and neonatal traits in soay sheep on st kilda. | we investigated whether birth weight and neonatal survival, a period within which 24% of all mortalities occur, were correlated with levels of inbreeding in st kilda soay sheep, using pedigree inbreeding coefficients and four marker-based estimators of inbreeding. none of the inbreeding estimators, either of the offspring, or of their mothers, explained significant variation in a lamb's birth weight or probability of surviving the neonatal period, suggesting low inbreeding depression for these t ... | 2005 | 16156810 |
| glimpses of a hidden burden: hydatid disease in eighteenth-century scotland. | "hydatids" or watery cysts have been observed in animals and humans since ancient times, giving rise to frequent speculation as to their nature and origin. this essay focuses on an extremely rare clinical case managed at the edinburgh infirmary in 1785 by james gregory, professor of the theory of medicine. following the death of the patient, an autopsy disclosed lesions characteristic of a condition eventually labeled "echinococcosis of the liver," today one of the most common parasitic diseases ... | 2005 | 16184019 |
| observations on the emergence of multiple anthelmintic resistance in sheep flocks in the south-east of scotland. | multiple resistance to benzimidazole, imidazothiazole and macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics is an emerging problem in the south-east of scotland. the general management and nematode control strategies employed in four affected flocks (flocks 1-4) were investigated in an attempt to identify the risk factors which might have led to the appearance of production limiting disease associated with anthelmintic resistance. the important risk factors for multiple anthelmintic resistance could not be conf ... | 2007 | 17134836 |
| livestock grazing affects the egg size of an insectivorous passerine. | livestock grazing is a major driver of ecosystem change, and has been associated with significant declines in various bird species worldwide. in britain, there is particular concern that severe grazing pressure is deleteriously affecting vegetation and birds in upland regions. however, the mechanism by which grazing affects birds is unclear. here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, that sheep grazing pressure affects the egg size of a common upland passerine: the meadow pipit anthus ... | 2005 | 17148198 |
| climate, food, density and wildlife population growth rate. | 1. the aim of this study was to derive and evaluate a priori models of the relationship between annual instantaneous population growth rate (r) and climate. these were derived from the numerical response of annual r and food, and the effect of climate on a parameter in the numerical response. the goodness of fit of a range of such deductive models to data on annual r of soay sheep and red deer were evaluated using information-theoretic (aicc-based) analyses. 2. the analysis for sheep annual r sh ... | 2007 | 17302843 |
| variation among faecal egg counts following natural nematode infection in scottish blackface lambs. | faecal egg counts were examined in 2 flocks of naturally infected scottish blackface sheep in southern and central scotland. the distribution of mean counts was right skewed and similar to a gamma distribution. the counts varied with month, with mean counts rising from may to july, then falling but rising again in october, although data within each year did not always show such a clear pattern. there was no significant difference in mean egg count between the 2 farms examined. the distribution o ... | 2006 | 16209724 |
| unusual outbreak of orf affecting the body of sheep associated with plunge dipping. | | 2007 | 17369478 |
| an outbreak of diarrhoea associated with cryptosporidiosis in naturally reared lambs. | | 1982 | 7186701 |
| arsenic metabolism in seaweed-eating sheep from northern scotland. | cation exchange and anion exchange liquid chromatography were coupled to an icp-ms and optimised for the separation of 13 different arsenic species in body fluids (arsenite, arsenate, dimethylarsinic acid (dmaa), monomethylarsonic acid (mmaa), trimethylarsine oxide (tmao), tetramethylarsonium ion (tma), arsenobetaine (asb), arsenocholine (asc), dimethylarsinoyl ethanol (dmae) and four common dimethylarsinoylribosides (arsenosugars). the arsenic species were determined in seaweed extracts and in ... | 2000 | 11220824 |
| fewer cases of neonatal septicaemia in scottish calves. | | 2007 | 17694616 |
| the transfer of radionuclides from saltmarsh vegetation to sheep tissues and milk. | radionuclides released into the irish sea by the sellafield reprocessing plant are deposited onto tide-washed pastures along the western coast of the united kingdom. many of these pastures are grazed by sheep or cattle. this paper describes a controlled feeding study, in which saltmarsh vegetation harvested from close to the sellafield plant, was fed to lambs and adult female sheep for a period of 8 weeks. activity concentrations of (60)co, (95)nb, (106)ru, (134)cs, (137)cs, (238)pu, (239,240)pu ... | 2007 | 17765368 |
| acute fasciolosis diagnosed in young scottish calves. | | 2007 | 17915379 |
| increase in cases of malignant catarrhal fever in cattle in scotland. | | 2007 | 18018324 |
| can the high levels of human verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 infection in rural areas of ne scotland be explained by consumption of contaminated meat? | to determine if contamination levels of escherichia coli o157 and generic e. coli in retail-minced meat products are greater in rural shops compared with urban shops in grampian, ne scotland. we also investigated whether meat from supermarkets and meat from local butcher shops had a similar bacteriological quality. | 2007 | 18045444 |
| an outbreak of e. coli o157 infection with evidence of spread from animals to man through contamination of a private water supply. | an outbreak of e. coli o157 infection occurred in the highland region of scotland in the summer of 1999. the source of the outbreak was traced to an untreated private water supply. all six cases identified arose in visitors to the area, and most had very limited exposure to the contaminated water. permanent residents on the same supply were unaffected. the e. coli o157 isolates from the water, sheep faeces collected from around the source and the human stool samples were indistinguishable using ... | 2001 | 11293673 |
| q fever in migrant workers, scotland. | | 2007 | 18258064 |
| atypical scrapie in a sheep in scotland. | | 2008 | 18424849 |
| an epidemiological study of the relations between exposure to organophosphate pesticides and indices of chronic peripheral neuropathy and neuropsychological abnormalities in sheep farmers and dippers. | to investigate the hypothesis that chronic low level exposure to organophosphates (ops) in sheep dips is related to clinically detectable measures of polyneuropathy. | 2001 | 11600725 |
| control and management of sheep mange and pediculosis in great britain. | the patterns of insecticide use for the prevention and control of sheep lice and psoroptes mites, in england, wales and scotland, in 2003-2004, were examined using data from a retrospective questionnaire. overall, 375 of the 966 (39%) farmers who responded said that they treated at least once to prevent louse infestation. for scab, 426 of the 966 (44%) farmers who responded said that they had treated prophylactically to prevent the disease. there were no significant differences between regions i ... | 2008 | 18495347 |
| a histopathologic and immunohistochemical review of archived uk caprine scrapie cases. | in 2005, a prion disease identified in a goat from france was reported to be consistent with disease from the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) agent. subsequent retrospective examination of uk goat scrapie cases led to the identification of one potentially similar, but as yet unconfirmed, case from scotland. these findings strengthened concerns that small ruminant populations exposed to the bse agent have become infected. the lack of data relating specifically to scrapie in goats has been ... | 2008 | 18587090 |
| scottish scientists clone adult sheep: technique's use with humans is feared. | | 1997 | 11647144 |
| with cloning of a sheep, the ethical ground shifts. | | 1997 | 11647276 |
| evidence for transplacental and contact transmission of bluetongue virus in cattle. | this paper presents evidence that a field strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8 (btv-8) was transmitted transplacentally and that it was also spread by a direct contact route. twenty pregnant heifers were imported from the netherlands into northern ireland during the midge-free season. tests before and after the animals were imported showed that eight of them had antibodies to bluetongue virus, but no viral rna was detected in any of them by reverse transcriptase-pcr (rt-pcr). two of the seropos ... | 2008 | 18708653 |
| positive genetic correlation between parasite resistance and body size in a free-living ungulate population. | parasite resistance and body size are subject to directional natural selection in a population of feral soay sheep (ovis aries) on the island of st. kilda, scotland. classical evolutionary theory predicts that directional selection should erode additive genetic variation and favor the maintenance of alleles that have negative pleiotropic effects on other traits associated with fitness. contrary to these predictions, in this study we show that there is considerable additive genetic variation for ... | 2001 | 11761070 |
| landscape with dead sheep: what they did to gruinard island. | in the context of intensified international concern about biological weapons (bw), this article looks at the pioneering british research in this field during the second world war, which caused the long-term contamination of gruinard island in north-west scotland. public record office documents have been examined to show how scientists reported on the experiments at the time and what they thought about their (top secret) work, as well as how politicians directed their efforts and used their resul ... | 2002 | 12044028 |
| aerococcus urinae in ovine reproductive disease. | | 2008 | 19011254 |
| within-holding prevalence of sheep classical scrapie in great britain. | data from the compulsory scrapie flocks scheme (csfs), part of the compulsory eradication measures for the control of scrapie in the eu, have been used to estimate the within-holding prevalence of classical scrapie in great britain (gb). specifically data from one of the testing routes within the csfs have been used; the initial cull (ic), whereby two options can be applied: the whole flock cull option by which the entire flock is depopulated, and the genotyping and cull of certain genotypes. | 2009 | 19133119 |
| johne's disease commonly diagnosed in cattle in south-west scotland. | | 2009 | 19252211 |
| attribution of campylobacter infections in northeast scotland to specific sources by use of multilocus sequence typing. | we show that a higher incidence of campylobacteriosis is found in young children (age, <5 years) living in rural, compared with urban, areas. association of this difference with particular animal sources was evaluated using multilocus sequence typing. this evaluation was achieved by comparing campylobacter isolates originating from these children, retail poultry, and a range of animal sources by use of source attribution and phylogenetic analysis methods. the results indicate that chicken is a m ... | 2009 | 19265482 |
| campylobacter genotypes from food animals, environmental sources and clinical disease in scotland 2005/6. | a nationwide multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) survey was implemented to analyze patterns of host association among campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from clinical disease in scotland (july 2005-september 2006), food animals (chickens, cattle, sheep, pigs and turkey), non-food animals (wild birds) and the environment. sequence types (sts) were determined for 5247 clinical isolates and 999 from potential disease sources (augmented with 2420 published sts). certain sts were ove ... | 2009 | 19269051 |
| e. coli o157 from sheep in northeast scotland: prevalence, concentration shed, and molecular characterization by multilocus variable tandem repeat analysis. | we report the prevalence, concentrations, and strain diversity of escherichia coli o157 shed by sheep fed on root crops during a winter period in northeast scotland. e. coli o157 was isolated on 6 farms from 14 studied during january to march 2005. the individual sheep prevalence was 5.8% and concentration excreted was <10(2) colony-forming units/g for all but one fecal sample. verocytotoxigenic e. coli o157, determined by polymerase chain reaction and verocell assay, was recovered from 27% of s ... | 2009 | 19292688 |
| trading offspring size for number in a variable environment: selection on reproductive investment in female soay sheep. | 1. given energetic constraints, female reproductive strategy is expected to be shaped by a trade-off between offspring size and offspring number, the optimal resolution of which may vary with environmental conditions. 2. we tested the hypothesis that selection will favour the production of larger litters, even at some expense to offspring size, under good conditions (and vice versa in harsh environments) using data from a long-term study of an unmanaged population of soay sheep on the islands of ... | 2009 | 19302125 |
| unusual cases of illthrift associated with pge in scottish cattle. | | 2009 | 19429934 |
| sheep helminth parasitic disease in south eastern scotland arising as a possible consequence of climate change. | the climate in the uk is changing, with a trend towards increased rainfall in the autumn and winter and warmer average temperatures throughout the year. there has also been a 4-week extension of the herbage growing season over the past 40 years. these changes may have implications for the epidemiology of sheep helminth parasites. here, we describe production-limiting disease outbreaks caused by haemonchus contortus, nematodirus battus, teladorsagia circumcincta and fasciola hepatica in sheep flo ... | 2009 | 19556065 |
| fine-scale genetic structure in a free-living ungulate population. | the fine-scale genetic structure of wild animal populations has rarely been analysed, yet is potentially important as a confounding factor in quantitative genetic and allelic association studies, as well as having implications for population dynamics, inbreeding and kin selection. in this study, we examined the extent to which the three spatial subunits, or hefts, of the village bay population of soay sheep (ovis aries) on st kilda, scotland, are genetically structured using data from 20 microsa ... | 2003 | 12675828 |
| causes of abortion in scottish sheep in 2009. | | 2009 | 19684343 |
| spatiotemporal homogeneity of campylobacter subtypes from cattle and sheep across northeastern and southwestern scotland. | source attribution using molecular subtypes has implicated cattle and sheep as sources of human campylobacter infection. whether the campylobacter subtypes associated with cattle and sheep vary spatiotemporally remains poorly known, especially at national levels. here we describe spatiotemporal patterns of prevalence, bacterial enumeration, and subtype composition in campylobacter isolates from cattle and sheep feces from northeastern (63 farms, 414 samples) and southwestern (71 farms, 449 sampl ... | 2009 | 19700557 |
| mapping risk foci for endemic sheep scab. | psoroptic mange in sheep, resulting from infestation by the astigmatid mite psoroptes ovis, is increasingly prevalent in europe and other parts of the world. as a step towards improved national control, regional or local scab management programmes that target high-risk areas and aim to maintain the number of outbreaks below an acceptable level may be an effective initial use of time and resource. to facilitate such a management approach, in this paper scab outbreak farms are identified using a q ... | 2009 | 19713045 |
| coccidiosis in cattle, sheep and gamebirds in scotland. | | 2009 | 19717828 |
| campylobacter excreted into the environment by animal sources: prevalence, concentration shed, and host association. | an intensive study of 443 isolates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from 2031 fecal samples excreted by animal sources including cattle, sheep, and pigs, a range of wild and domesticated avian species and pets is described. the prevalence found in the majority of animal sources ranged from 22% to 28% with poultry being highest at 41% and cats and dogs lowest (<5%). the average count excreted for each animal source was found not to be significantly different ranging from approximate ... | 2009 | 19839759 |
| fasciolosis becoming more prevalent in cattle and sheep in scotland. | | 2009 | 19880859 |
| investigation of a q fever outbreak in a scottish co-located slaughterhouse and cutting plant. | outbreaks of q fever are rare in the uk. in 2006, the largest outbreak of q fever in scotland occurred at a co-located slaughterhouse and cutting plant with 110 cases. preliminary investigations pointed to the sheep lairage being the potential source of exposure to the infective agent. a retrospective cohort study was carried out among workers along with environmental sampling to guide public health interventions. a total of 179 individuals were interviewed of whom 66 (37%) were migrant workers. ... | 2010 | 19912614 |
| a descriptive study of 'kangaroo gait' in sheep in northern britain. | two questionnaires were undertaken to obtain improved knowledge of the signalment, incidence and risk factors of the condition termed 'kangaroo gait' (kg; a forelimb locomotor disorder of adult female sheep). the first survey was mailed to 221 veterinary surgeons in practices in northern britain which provided veterinary care for sheep, and the second was mailed to 438 sheep-flock owners and managers located in the scottish borders, who were recruited via their veterinary surgeons. responses of ... | 2003 | 14519343 |
| soay rams target reproductive activity towards promiscuous females' optimal insemination period. | female promiscuity is thought to have resulted in the evolution of male behaviours that confer advantages in the sperm competition that ensues. in mammalian species, males can gain a post-copulatory advantage in this sperm 'raffle' by inseminating females at the optimal time relative to ovulation, leading to the prediction that males should preferentially associate and copulate with females at these times. to the best of our knowledge, we provide the first high-resolution test of this prediction ... | 2003 | 14561297 |
| causes of abortion and stillbirth in cattle in scotland. | | 2009 | 19966330 |
| rising burden of immature sheep ticks (ixodes ricinus) on red grouse (lagopus lagopus scoticus) chicks in the scottish uplands. | the sheep tick ixodes ricinus (l.) (acari: ixodidae) is an ectoparasite of major economic and pathogenic importance in scotland. its distribution in the scottish uplands is assumed to be governed by the abundance and distribution of its definitive hosts (deer and sheep) and climatic variables such as temperature and rainfall. as the numbers of its major host in scotland, red deer, have increased dramatically and climatic conditions have become more favourable, the level of parasitism could have ... | 2004 | 15009449 |
| red deer stocks in the highlands of scotland. | grazing by hill sheep and red deer prevents the regeneration of woodland in many parts of the scottish highlands and has also led to extensive loss of heather cover. conservation bodies claim that there has been a rapid rise in highland deer numbers caused by inadequate management and that these need to be drastically reduced. here we show that the recent increase in red deer stocks has probably been overestimated and suggest that the gradual rise in numbers since 1970 may be a consequence of a ... | 2004 | 15152241 |
| landscape with dead sheep: what they did to gruinard island. 2002. | | 2009 | 20178200 |
| selenium toxicity causes paralysis in scottish pigs. | | 2010 | 20190214 |
| multi-locus sequence types of campylobacter carried by flies and slugs acquired from local ruminant faeces. | to assess whether flies and slugs acquire strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli present in local ruminant faeces. | 2010 | 20337762 |
| significant losses due to fasciolosis in scottish sheep flocks. | | 2010 | 20348466 |
| risk of carcase contamination with campylobacter in sheep sent for slaughter into an abattoir in scotland. | campylobacter species have been identified as the major cause of acute bacterial enteritis in the uk. however, the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis remains poorly understood. it has been suggested that the role of sheep in the epidemiology of campylobacter has been underestimated. the objective of the present study was to assess the infection risk of campylobacter in sheep meat as a potential risk for human campylobacteriosis and to establish any possible associations between the epidemiologic ... | 2010 | 20381181 |
| cryptosporidiosis associated with wildlife center, scotland. | | 2010 | 20409402 |
| characterisation of two triple resistant field isolates of teladorsagia from scottish lowland sheep farms. | the anthelmintic resistance status of two field isolates derived from farms (farm a and b) located near edinburgh were examined using both controlled efficacy tests (cet) and faecal egg count reduction tests (fecrt). efficacies against fenbendazole (fbz), levamisole (lev) and ivermectin (ivm) and, for one isolate, against combinations of these anthelmintics and moxidectin were determined in naïve lambs, artificially infected with the isolates and treated with the compounds at the manufacturers r ... | 2004 | 15325045 |
| prenatal and postnatal exposure to environmental pollutants in sewage sludge alters emotional reactivity and exploratory behaviour in sheep. | in order to find out whether exposure to environmental pollutants (ep) present in sewage sludge can change the behaviour of sheep, we compared the behaviour of two groups of 5-month old lambs (ovis aries) with respect to their emotional reactivity and exploratory behaviour. one group (treated, t) comprised the offspring of ewes who had been kept throughout their lives on pastures with slightly elevated, environmental levels of pollutants, as a result of the application of sewage sludge at rates ... | 2004 | 15336895 |
| environmental coupling of selection and heritability limits evolution. | there has recently been great interest in applying theoretical quantitative genetic models to empirical studies of evolution in wild populations. however, while classical models assume environmental constancy, most natural populations exist in variable environments. here, we applied a novel analytical technique to a long-term study of birthweight in wild sheep and examined, for the first time, how variation in environmental quality simultaneously influences the strength of natural selection and ... | 2006 | 16756391 |
| more cases of 'bleeding calf syndrome' diagnosed across scotland. | | 2010 | 20675623 |
| congenital cerebral and cerebellar lesions of unknown aetiology in calves. | | 2010 | 20710029 |
| increase in nematodirosis outbreaks among scottish sheep flocks. | | 2010 | 20833998 |
| gastrointestinal nematode species burdens and host mortality in a feral sheep population. | every few years a large proportion of the feral sheep on hirta, st kilda die due to food shortage. the effects of malnutrition are exacerbated by gastrointestinal nematodes. as found in sheep flocks in mainland britain, teladorsagia circumcincta has long been considered the predominant and most pathogenic nematode species in all age classes of soay sheep. previous research indicated that intensity of this species showed a negative association with host age and comprised 75% of the entire gastroi ... | 2006 | 16817995 |
| epidemiology of parasitic protozoan infections in soay sheep (ovis aries l.) on st kilda. | the feral soay sheep (ovis aries l.) population on hirta, st kilda, is host to a diverse component parasite community, but previous parasitological studies of the population have only focussed on the metazoan species. this paper reports the first epidemiological study of the protozoan species comprising cryptosporidium parvum, giardia duodenalis and 11 species of eimeria in soay sheep across 3 years of varying host population density. prevalence and intensity of almost all species of protozoa si ... | 2007 | 16978448 |
| geographic variation in tissue accumulation of endocrine disrupting compounds (edcs) in grazing sheep. | muscle tissue was collected from ewes and lambs derived from farms throughout scotland and sample concentrations of five endocrine disrupting compound groups were determined. farms of origin were categorised according to geographic region. there were few statistically-significant differences with region or distance from cities. however, the magnitude of the difference between the highest and lowest mean values in ewe muscle from different regions exceeded 30% for 13 of the 15 compounds that were ... | 2010 | 21074917 |
| nematodirosis frequently diagnosed in scottish lambs in june. | | 2006 | 17048366 |
| prevalence of escherichia coli o157: h7 and serogroups o26, o103, o111 and o145 in sheep presented for slaughter in scotland. | sheep have been proposed as a source of human verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli infection on a number of occasions but few prevalence studies have focused on identifying rates of carriage of these pathogens in this species. the purpose of this work was to establish the frequency of excretion of e. coli of serogroups o157, o26, o103, o111 and o145 in sheep presented for slaughter in scotland and to examine their carriage of known virulence determinants. the study involved microbiological isolati ... | 2011 | 21233295 |
| trends in bovine viral diarrhoea in scottish cattle. | review of bovine viral diarrhoea virus-related disease, 1996 to 2009. diverse range of respiratory diseases diagnosed in cattle. caseous lymphadenitis confirmed in a suffolk ram lamb aged only four months. extramedullary haematopoiesis of unknown cause in a pig. coccidiosis diagnosed frequently in pheasants and partridges. these are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for july from sac consulting: veterinary services (sac c vs). | 2010 | 21257395 |
| european field study of the efficacy and safety of the novel anthelmintic monepantel in sheep. | during 2007, a large-scale controlled, multicentre, blinded and randomised field study was conducted in scotland, england and france to assess the efficacy and safety of monepantel, the first molecule to be developed from the recently discovered amino-acetonitrile derivatives class of anthelmintics, in sheep. monepantel was administered orally, at a minimum dose of 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight, for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep maintained at pasture in a range of commercial producti ... | 2010 | 21257441 |
| disease due to salmonella diagnosed in cattle and pigs in scotland. | salmonellosis in cattle due to s dublin and s typhimurium, and in pigs due to s typhimurium. blue-green algae (cyanobacterium) toxicity suspected on a dairy farm. outbreaks of parasitic pneumonia diagnosed in grazing cattle across scotland. parasitic gastroenteritis in lambs seen in association with deficiencies of trace elements. viral insult suspected in outdoor sows affected by hindlimb paresis and paralysis. these are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for august from ... | 2010 | 21257506 |
| increase in the prevalence of johne's disease in sheep in scotland. | increased prevalence of johne's disease in sheep; abomasal damage in young cattle due to ostertagiosis; parasitic gastroenteritis in young sheep due to nematodirus, teladorsagia and chabertia species; streptococcus suis serotype 2 associated with a range of clinical signs in pigs; respiratory cryptosporidiosis confirmed in wild red grouse. these are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for october 2010 from sac consulting: veterinary services (sac c vs). | 2011 | 21257530 |
| twice as many outbreaks of lungworm disease in scottish cattle as in 2009. | parasitic bronchitis in cattle; sudden deaths due to hypomagnesaemia in adult cattle; louping ill confirmed in adult cattle and young sheep; copper poisoning in lleyn ewes associated with access to clover herbage with high copper and low molybdenum; polyarthritis due to mycoplasma hyorhinis in growing pigs. these are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for september from sac consulting: veterinary services (sac c vs). | 2010 | 21262671 |
| sheep scab reinstated as a notifiable disease in scotland. | | 2010 | 21262722 |
| assessing the consequences of an incursion of a vector-borne disease. ii. spread of bluetongue in scotland and impact of vaccination. | bluetongue is a viral disease of ruminants transmitted by culicoides biting midges, which has spread across europe over the past decade. the disease arrived in south-east england in 2007, raising the possibility that it could pose a risk to the valuable scottish livestock industry. as part of an assessment of the economic consequences of a bluetongue virus incursion into scotland commissioned by scottish government, we investigated a defined set of feasible incursion scenarios under different va ... | 2010 | 21352784 |
| assessing the consequences of an incursion of a vector-borne disease i. identifying feasible incursion scenarios for bluetongue in scotland. | following the arrival of bluetongue virus serotype 8 (btv-8) in southeast england in september 2007, the scottish government commissioned research to assess the economic consequences of a btv-8 incursion to scotland. here we present the first component of the assessment, which entailed identifying feasible incursion scenarios for the virus. our analyses focused on three routes of introduction: wind-borne dispersal of infected vectors, import of infected animals and northwards spread of btv from ... | 2010 | 21352785 |
| diagnosis and economic consequences of triclabendazole resistance in fasciola hepatica in a sheep flock in south-east scotland. | over the past decade, definite changes have been recorded in the regional prevalence, seasonality and severity of fasciolosis in the uk, related to increased rainfall, or localised flooding, prompting debate about the deleterious effects of climate change. as a consequence, effective management of fasciolosis has become problematic in areas where fluke traditionally exists, leading to serious loss of production in sheep and cattle. meanwhile, in eastern districts, there have been unexpected outb ... | 2011 | 21493511 |
| birds bias offspring sex ratio in response to livestock grazing. | livestock grazing, which has a large influence on habitat structure, is associated with the widespread decline of various bird species across the world, yet there are few experimental studies that investigate how grazing pressure influences avian reproduction. we manipulated grazing pressure using a replicated field experiment, and found that the offspring sex ratio of a common upland passerine, the meadow pipit anthus pratensis, varied significantly between grazing treatments. the proportion of ... | 2011 | 21561962 |
| veterinary salmonella isolates in scotland decline again in 2009. | | 2011 | 21634058 |
| review of mastitis diagnoses in scottish cattle in 2010. | | 2011 | 21638801 |
| deciphering the effects of climate on animal populations: diagnostic analysis provides new interpretation of soay sheep dynamics. | soay sheep on the island of hirta exhibit periodic population collapses that have been proposed to result from nonlinear interactions between weather, population density, and age structure. here we employ a diagnostic approach to reanalyze the data from 1985 to 2004 and find that climate mainly affects the equilibrium population size, thus acting as a lateral perturbation. from this, we derive a simple energetic model for a population interacting with its food supply in the presence of variable ... | 2006 | 17109320 |