| molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants. it is unusual in that it causes repeated infections throughout life. despite considerable efforts there is as yet no satisfactory vaccine available. this paper reviews the molecular epidemiology of the rsv and describes the complex genotypic structure of rsv epidemics. the evolution of the virus is discussed, with particular reference to the antigenic and genetic variability of the attachmen ... | 2001 | 11262529 |
| detection of human respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory samples by lightcycler reverse transcriptase pcr. | laboratory diagnosis of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) infections has traditionally been performed by virus isolation in cell culture and the direct fluorescent-antibody assay (dfa). reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) is now recognized as a sensitive and specific alternative for detection of hrsv in respiratory samples. using the lightcycler instrument, we developed a rapid rt-pcr assay for the detection of hrsv (the lc-rt-pcr) with a pair of hybridization probes that target the hrsv l ... | 2002 | 12454129 |
| replication of respiratory syncytial virus is inhibited in target cells generating nitric oxide in situ. | nitric oxide (no) is generated by recruited inflammatory cells and by pulmonary epithelial cells in response to respiratory virus infection, although the relative antiviral efficacy of no from each of these sources had not been clarified. to compare the direct, antiviral potency of no from an exogenous source with that generated by target epithelial cells in situ, we transduced hep-2 epithelial cells with the retroviral construct, pmfgs-nos and cloned transductant lines that generated no constit ... | 2003 | 12456366 |
| a newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease. | from 28 young children in the netherlands, we isolated a paramyxovirus that was identified as a tentative new member of the metapneumovirus genus based on virological data, sequence homology and gene constellation. previously, avian pneumovirus was the sole member of this recently assigned genus, hence the provisional name for the newly discovered virus: human metapneumovirus. the clinical symptoms of the children from whom the virus was isolated were similar to those caused by human respiratory ... | 2001 | 11385510 |
| [a study on the relationship between respiratory tract viruses antigen in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their antibody from children with steroid-sensitive and simple nephrotic syndrome]. | to explore whether respiratory tract viruses infection was involved in the pathogenesis of sterioid-senstive and simple nephrotic syndrome(sssns). | 2001 | 12528548 |
| reduced expression of surface glycoproteins in mouse fibroblasts persistently infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). | bch4 cells, persistently infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), were obtained by fernie et al. [12] after infection of a balb/c mouse embryo cell line with the long strain of hrsv. to understand the basis of hrsv persistence, the expression of hrsv rnas and proteins was evaluated in bch4 cells and infected parental balb/c and fully permissive hep-2 cells. production of viral mrnas was severely impaired in bch4 cells. in addition, the expression level of the surface glycoproteins ... | 2001 | 11402856 |
| cleavage of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein at two distinct sites is required for activation of membrane fusion. | preparations of purified full-length fusion (f) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) expressed in recombinant vaccinia-f infected cells, or of an anchorless mutant (f(tm(-))) lacking the c-terminal 50 amino acids secreted from vaccinia-f(tm(-))-infected cells contain a minor polypeptide that is an intermediate product of proteolytic processing of the f protein precursor f0. n-terminal sequencing of the intermediate demonstrated that it is generated by cleavage at a furin-motif, re ... | 2001 | 11493675 |
| genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus over four consecutive seasons in south africa: identification of new subgroup a and b genotypes. | the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was studied over four consecutive seasons (1997-2000) in a single tertiary hospital in south africa: 225 isolates were subgrouped by rt-pcr and the resulting products sequenced. subgroup a predominated in two seasons, while a and b co-circulated approximately equally in the other seasons. the nucleotide sequences of the c-terminal of the g-protein were compared to sequences representative of previously defined rsv genotypes. south a ... | 2001 | 11514720 |
| both heptad repeats of human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein are potent inhibitors of viral fusion. | heptad repeat regions (hr1 and hr2) are highly conserved peptides located in f(1) of paramyxovirus envelope proteins. they are important in the process of virus fusion and form six-helix bundle structure (trimer of hr1 and hr2 heterodimer) post-fusion, similar to those found in the fusion proteins of other enveloped viruses, such as retrovirus hiv. both hr1 and hr2 show potent inhibition for virus fusion in some members of paramyxovirus. however, in other members, only hr2 gives strong inhibitio ... | 2003 | 12615056 |
| immunopathology in rsv infection is mediated by a discrete oligoclonal subset of antigen-specific cd4(+) t cells. | vaccination with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment (g) protein results in immune-mediated lung injury after natural rsv infection with pathogenic features characteristic of an exaggerated th2 response. here we demonstrate that approximately half of the cd4(+) t cells infiltrating the lungs of g-primed mice utilize a single v beta gene (v beta 14) with remarkably limited cdr3 diversity. furthermore, elimination of these v beta 14-bearing cd4(+) t cells in vivo abolishes the type 2- ... | 2001 | 11672545 |
| clustered charge-to-alanine mutagenesis of human respiratory syncytial virus l polymerase generates temperature-sensitive viruses. | clustered charge-to-alanine mutagenesis was performed on the large (l) polymerase protein of human respiratory syncytial virus to identify charged residues in the l protein that are important for viral rna synthesis and to generate temperature-sensitive viruses. clusters of three, four, and five charged residues throughout the entire l protein were substituted with alanines. a minigenome replicon assay was used to determine the functions of the mutant l proteins and to identify mutations that ca ... | 2002 | 12429529 |
| who shall not receive palivizumab? | | 2000 | 11183179 |
| replication and clearance of respiratory syncytial virus: apoptosis is an important pathway of virus clearance after experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | human respiratory syncytial virus is an important cause of severe respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and in immunocompromised adults. similarly, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is causing severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in calves. both viruses are pneumovirus and the infections with human respiratory syncytial virus and brsv have similar clinical, pathological, and epidemiological characteristics. in this study we used experimental brsv infection in calves ... | 2002 | 12466134 |
| long-term consequences of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | despite differences in study design, follow-up studies consistently show that approximately half of the infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) go on to have recurrent wheezing episodes during childhood. respiratory symptoms are associated with abnormal lung function, including bronchial hyper-responsiveness. wheezing symptoms following rsv lrti gradually decrease, and it appears that during school age airway morbidity is no longer related to rsv l ... | 2000 | 12531083 |
| cytokine gene polymorphisms moderate illness severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | illness severity and frequency of complications in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may be influenced by the local elaboration of cytokines. cytokine gene polymorphisms moderate severity of illness in various inflammatory and infectious diseases. we performed cytokine genotyping on 77 infants hospitalized with confirmed rsv infection to determine whether specific cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with illness severity or complications. dna was extracted from bucc ... | 2003 | 12590978 |
| infectious etiology of bronchiolitis obliterans: the respiratory viruses connection - myth or reality? | a variety of viruses, such as the influenza viruses a and b, the human respiratory syncytial virus, the parainfluenza viruses, and the adenoviruses, cause seasonal respiratory tract infections in young children and adults. also, studies indicate that these viruses are an important group of pathogens in pediatric and adult lung transplant recipients. more importantly, accumulating data on these infections among lung transplant patients suggest that these illnesses may have immediate and long-term ... | 2003 | 12614277 |
| rescue of bovine respiratory syncytial virus from cloned cdna: entire genome sequence of brsv strain a51908. | infectious bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was produced by intracellular co-expression of five plasmid borne cdnas, each under the control of a t7 rna polymerase promoter. these separately encoded a full-length, genetically-marked copy of brsv antigenome along with either brsv or human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) support plasmids, which express n, p, l and m2-1 proteins. hep2 cells were used in transfection and recombinant vaccinia virus (mva-t7) provided t7 rna polymerase to dr ... | 2001 | 11724268 |
| detection of human respiratory syncytial virus sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) obtained from patients with lower respiratory infections were examined for the detection of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) sequences in the n region using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). rsv infection was confirmed by at least one method, i.e., virus isolation, enzyme immunoassay for viral antigen, and rt-pcr of nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) samples. the detection rate for rsv rna in pbmc obtained from rsv-infecte ... | 2003 | 12767015 |
| [detection of syncytial respiratory virus in clinical samples using a rt-pcr technique]. | from november 2000 to may 2001, 208 clinical samples were analyzed for respiratory infection. parallel to the detection of the syncytial respiratory virus (srv) by solid phase immunoassay (eia) and rapid culture in shell-vial or conventional tube, a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) technique was developed. the procedures were complimentary and useful in the diagnosis of respiratory infections due to srv, both in children and adults. | 2001 | 11753451 |
| respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein mediates inhibition of mitogen-induced t-cell proliferation by contact. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) are major pathogens in infants and calves, respectively. experimental brsv infection of calves and lambs is associated with lymphopenia and a reduction in responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) to mitogens ex vivo. in this report, we show that in vitro mitogen-induced proliferation of pbls is inhibited after contact with rsv-infected and uv-inactivated cells or with cells expressing rsv envelope ... | 2002 | 11773392 |
| mapping the transcription and replication promoters of respiratory syncytial virus. | an important, unresolved issue in mononegavirus biology is whether or not transcription is initiated by the same promoter as rna replication. in this study, residues important for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) transcription and rna replication were identified by subjecting the first 26 nucleotides of genome rna to saturation mutagenesis. this analysis was performed using a genome analog that allowed transcription and rna replication to be dissociated from each other and monitored as independ ... | 2002 | 11799161 |
| human respiratory syncytial virus surface glycoproteins f, g and sh form an oligomeric complex. | in order to study structural associations, rsv surface glycoproteins were evaluated using heparin agarose affinity chromatography (haac). when rsv-infected cell lysate was analyzed by haac, all three surface glycoproteins, (f, g and sh), were eluted. similarly, when separate lysates from vero cells infected with vaccinia recombinants expressing f (vvf), g (vvg) and sh (vvsh) proteins were subjected to haac, only vvf and vvg expressed proteins bound to heparin, whereas vvsh expressed protein did ... | 2001 | 11811686 |
| [study of a respiratory syncytial virus diagnostic test kit based on immunochromatography]. | we carried out clinical and basic studies of the directigen lateral flow rsv (becton, dickinson and company, usa), a rapid test kit that detects respiratory syncytial virus (hereinafter referred to as "rsv") antigens based on immunochromatography. for the clinical study, 103 nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients with acute respiratory infections were used to evaluate the kit. compared to the cell culture method, the directigen lateral flow rsv showed a sensitivity of 100% (16/16) and a specific ... | 2003 | 12872694 |
| persistent infection of b lymphocytes by bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is a major cause of respiratory disease in young cattle. here we demonstrate brsv persistence at low levels in tracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes up to 71 days after the experimental infection of calves. positive results were obtained on viral genomic rna and messenger rna coding for the nucleoprotein, glycoprotein (g), and fusion protein (f). g and f proteins were also detected in the pulmonary lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry. double-stain ... | 2001 | 11878876 |
| evaluation of recombinant respiratory syncytial virus gene deletion mutants in african green monkeys for their potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates. | towards the goal of developing live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines to prevent severe respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus, recombinant rsv containing a deletion of single or multiple ns1, ns2, sh and m2-2 genes have been generated. in this study, recombinants, ra2deltam2-2, ra2deltans2, ra2deltans1ns2, ra2deltashns2, ra2deltam2-2ns2 were evaluated in african green monkeys (agms) for their infectivity, immunogenicity and protection against wild ... | 2003 | 12922094 |
| antigenic and genetic variability of human respiratory syncytial viruses (group a) isolated in uruguay and argentina: 1993-2001. | the antigenic and genetic diversity of g glycoprotein from 25 human respiratory viruses (group a) isolated during nine consecutive epidemics (1993-2001) in montevideo, uruguay, and 7 strains isolated in buenos aires, argentina, in the same period were analyzed. genetic variability was evaluated by partial sequence of the g protein gene. phylogenetic analysis indicated that most uruguayan and argentinean group a isolates clustered into three genotypes: ga5, ga2, and ga1. some strains clustered in ... | 2003 | 12938207 |
| diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection: comparison of reverse transcription-pcr to viral culture and serology in adults with respiratory illness. | diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during acute infection in adults is difficult because of the poor sensitivity of viral culture and antigen detection. a recently developed single-tube nested reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) was compared to viral culture and serology by enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of rsv in adults with respiratory illness. nasal swab samples were collected during respiratory illnesses from five groups of subjects: healthy young adults, healthy elderly adu ... | 2002 | 11880399 |
| respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein associates with nucleocapsids in infected cells. | little is known about the functions of the matrix (m) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). by analogy with other negative-strand rna viruses, the m protein should inhibit the viral polymerase prior to packaging and facilitate virion assembly. in this study, localization of the rsv m protein in infected cells and its association with the rsv nucleocapsid complex was investigated. rsv-infected cells were shown to contain characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions. further analysis showed that ... | 2002 | 11907323 |
| amino-terminal precursor sequence modulates canine distemper virus fusion protein function. | the fusion (f) proteins of most paramyxoviruses are classical type i glycoproteins with a short hydrophobic leader sequence closely following the translation initiation codon. the predicted reading frame of the canine distemper virus (cdv) f protein is more complex, with a short hydrophobic sequence beginning 115 codons downstream of the first aug. to verify if the sequence between the first aug and the hydrophobic region is translated, we produced a specific antiserum that indeed detected a sho ... | 2002 | 11932382 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis--the story so far. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common and highly contagious pathogen that infects nearly all children by the age of 2 years. it is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide among certain high-risk paediatric populations. therapy is sub-optimal for rsv, thus treatment focuses on ameliorating symptoms. since discovery of the virus in the 1950s, efforts have been ongoing to develop a safe and effective vaccine. these efforts have met with serious obstacles. passive immun ... | 2002 | 11996400 |
| binding and entry of respiratory syncytial virus into host cells and initiation of the innate immune response. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants and the elderly. there is currently no effective antiviral treatment for the infection, but advances in our understanding of rsv uptake, especially the role of surfactant proteins, the attachment protein g and the fusion protein f, as well as the post-binding events, have revealed potential targets for new therapies and vaccine development. rsv infection triggers an intense inflammat ... | 2003 | 12969373 |
| the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus disease in childhood. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of severe respiratory infection in infants and children. rsv is an rna virus whose genome encodes 10 proteins. the g protein is responsible for viral attachment to cells whilst the f protein promotes syncytia formation. these proteins are also important in the immune response to rsv. both the innate and adaptive arms of the cellular immune system are involved in the immunological response to rsv. the cytopathic effects of the virus explain man ... | 2002 | 11997296 |
| a system of protein target sequences for anti-rna-viral chemotherapy by a vitamin b6-derived zinc-chelating trioxa-adamantane-triol. | the synthesis of the structurally unusual heterotricyclic compound 1-[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinyl]-2,8,9-trioxaadamantane-3,5,7-triol (trivially named bananin, bn) from pyridoxylidenephloroglucinol and a theoretical prospect on possible biological activities of bn are presented in this report. pyridoxylidenephloroglucinol is synthesized by knoevenagel condensation of the vitamin b6 aldehyde pyridoxal with phloroglucinol. pyridoxylidenephloroglucinol rearranges to light-yello ... | 2003 | 14527557 |
| surveillance for respiratory syncytial virus in infants hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infection in chile (1989 to 2000). | hospitalized infants (4,618) were studied for lower respiratory infections from 1989 through 2000 by routine immunofluorescence assay and viral isolation. the hospitalization rate for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) averaged 2% per year. the fatality rate was 0.1%. monthly rsv detection varied from 14 to 88%, and epidemics lasted 3.5 to 6 months. from 1994 high-early versus low-late epidemic patterns alternately were observed, the first influenced by a group b strain. | 2003 | 14532249 |
| [abnormal respiration in a young infant]. | | 2003 | 14601386 |
| rsv entry inhibitors block f-protein mediated fusion with model membranes. | rsv fusion is mediated by f-protein, a major viral surface glycoprotein. cl-309623, a specific inhibitor of rsv, interacts tightly with f-protein, which results in a hydrophobic environment at the binding site. the binding is selective for f-protein and does not occur with g-protein, a surface glycoprotein that facilitates the binding of rsv to target cells, or with lipid membranes at concentrations in the sub-millimolar range. using an assay based on the relief of self-quenching of octadecyl rh ... | 2002 | 12076763 |
| cationic liposome-mediated enhanced generation of human hla-restricted rsv-specific cd8+ ctl+. | generation of human cd8+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) in vitro is inefficient. lipofectamine, a polycationic liposome, previously shown to enhance the transfection efficiency of dna in cells, was evaluated for enhancing rsv ctl activity. stimulator cells were prepared by infecting human pbl with rsv with or without lipofectamine for 3 hr and then transferred to responder cells. after 8 days of incubation, ... | 2002 | 12078858 |
| effects of altering the transcription termination signals of respiratory syncytial virus on viral gene expression and growth in vitro and in vivo. | nonsegmented negative-sense rna viruses (mononegaviruses) control viral gene expression largely through a transcription gradient such that promoter-proximal genes are transcribed more abundantly than downstream genes. for some paramyxoviruses, naturally occurring differences in the levels of efficiency of transcription termination by various gene end (ge) signals provide an additional level of regulation of gene expression. the first two genes (ns1 and ns2) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) a ... | 2004 | 14694100 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and pulmonary surfactant. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections peak in young infants and are associated with significant morbidity. the collectins surfactant protein-a (sp-a) and sp-d are pattern recognition molecules that belong to the innate immune system of the lungs, forming a first line of defense. on the one hand, sp-a and sp-d levels are reduced during rsv infection. this may critically influence the invasion of rsv and also the virus-induced cytokine patterns of the host. both collectins enhance the in vi ... | 2002 | 12081017 |
| current respiratory syncytial virus prevention strategies in high-risk infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was initially isolated in 1956. since then it has become recognized as a major pathogen worldwide. it is a ubiquitous pathogen that produces seasonal epidemics. primary infection occurs in children before 2 years of age. in older children and adults, rsv usually manifests itself as an upper respiratory tract infection. in immunecompromised patients, those with underlying cardiopulmonary disorders, premature infants, and other vulnerable individuals, rsv infectio ... | 2002 | 12225544 |
| structure-antigenicity relationship studies of the central conserved region of human respiratory syncytial virus protein g. | bbg2na is a recombinant protein, composed in part of carrier protein bb and of the central conserved domain of the attachment glycoprotein g of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) subgroup a. this protein is a potent vaccine candidate against hrsv. g2na contains several contiguous b-cell epitopes, occupying sequential positions in the linear sequence of the protein. one of the epitopes contains four cysteines that are completely conserved in known strains of hrsv and form a 'cysteine noose' ... | 2002 | 12383117 |
| seasonal variation in respiratory syncytial virus epidemics in the gambia, west africa. | respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks tend to occur seasonally and are a major cause of childhood morbidity. in the gambia a regular pattern of outbreaks during six consecutive annual seasons was disrupted by 2 years of irregular outbreaks, followed by another 2 years of regular seasonal outbreaks. improved understanding of the transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus is essential to design and test effective interventions. | 2004 | 14743052 |
| immune response to respiratory syncytial virus in young brazilian children. | we have evaluated the cellular and humoral immune response to primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in young infants. serum specimens from 65 patients <=12 months of age (39 males and 26 females, 28 cases <3 months and 37 cases > or = 3 months; median 3 3.9 months) were tested for anti-rsv igg and igg subclass antibodies by eia. flow cytometry was used to characterize cell surface markers expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 29 rsv-infected children. there wa ... | 2002 | 12424491 |
| quantitation of respiratory syncytial virus rna in nasal aspirates of children by real-time rt-pcr assay. | a method was developed for the quantitation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) based on real-time rt-pcr using a lightcycler instrument. a control real-time rt-pcr was undertaken on gapdh mrna (a human housekeeping gene) was carried out to standardise the non-homogeneous respiratory samples. the real-time rt-pcr method was one log more sensitive for the detection of rsv according to the endpoint dilution technique than the culture method or a conventional qualitative rt-pcr-hybridization-eia. ... | 2003 | 12668266 |
| role of serum neutralizing antibody in reinfection of respiratory syncytial virus. | to clarify the role of serum antibody in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) reinfection, the authors conducted a follow-up study of patients with primary rsv infection. | 2004 | 15056236 |
| rapid and sensitive method using multiplex real-time pcr for diagnosis of infections by influenza a and influenza b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4. | laboratory diagnosis of viral respiratory infections is generally performed by virus isolation in cell culture and immunofluorescent assays. reverse transcriptase pcr is now recognized as a sensitive and specific alternative for detection of respiratory rna viruses. a rapid real-time multiplex pcr assay was developed for the detection of influenza a and influenza b viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus 1 (piv1), piv2, piv3, and piv4 in a two-tube multiplex reactio ... | 2004 | 15071005 |
| evaluation of r-mix shell vials for the diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections. | respiratory viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality. the management of these infections can be improved by a rapid diagnosis and administration of available virus-specific therapy. the goal of this study was to compare r-mix, an engineered tissue monolayer for rapid shell vial (sv) diagnosis of viral respiratory infections, with conventional tissue culture (tc) and conventional respiratory sv (primary rhesus monkey kidney (rhmk) and hep2 monolayers). the primary outcome measure was sen ... | 2004 | 15072762 |
| links between respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and childhood asthma: clinical and research approaches. | this review examines the relationship between severe pulmonary disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infancy and later development of asthma or reactive airway disease (rad). rsv infection accounts for 70% or greater of all cases of infantile bronchiolitis and has been linked to subsequent asthma or rad, either directly or through a shared common predisposition. several studies suggest that rsv bronchiolitis is an important factor in the development of asthma and possi ... | 2003 | 12671454 |
| contribution of neuroimmune mechanisms to airway inflammation and remodeling during and after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | a number of studies have implicated severe infections early in life as a risk factor for the subsequent development of asthma. in particular it has been suggested that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may enhance the development of "allergic" inflammatory responses when the host is exposed to allergens after an episode of bronchiolitis. it has also been suggested that neuronal mechanisms are important in rsv infection and subsequent airway hyperreactivity. recently we advanced the hyp ... | 2003 | 12671455 |
| [clinical characteristics of bronchiolitis caused by human metapneumovirus in infants]. | the fact that the acute lower respiratory infections (alri) are associated with a newly discovered virus, human metapneumovirus (hmpv), has been shown in several studies. the authors conducted this study to understand the etiological and clinical characteristics of bronchiolitis, one of the most common alri in infants, caused by hmpv. | 2004 | 15189701 |
| activation of cytokines and nf-kappa b in corneal epithelial cells infected by respiratory syncytial virus: potential relevance in ocular inflammation and respiratory infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection, claiming millions of lives annually. the virus infects various cells of the respiratory tract as well as resident inflammatory cells such as macrophages. infection activates a variety of cellular factors such as cytokines and the pro-inflammatory transcription factor, nf-kappa b, all of which are important players in the respiratory disease. however, the exact natural route of rsv infection and its etiology ... | 2004 | 15256003 |
| clinical experience with respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is at times associated with life-threatening lower respiratory tract illness in infancy. severe infection during the first year of life may be an important risk factor or indicator for the development of asthma in early childhood. severe infections primarily occur in healthy infants, and young infants and children with specific risk factors. however, rsv causes respiratory infections in all age groups. indeed it is now recognized that rsv disease is re ... | 2003 | 12671459 |
| moderate local and systemic respiratory syncytial virus-specific t-cell responses upon mild or subclinical rsv infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are a major cause of severe respiratory disease in infants. it has been shown that there is an increased frequency of childhood wheezing in ex-bronchiolitic preteen children. this was postulated to be mediated by a vigorous virus-specific th2 response influencing the further development of the immune system. little is known about the possible role of the immune response to clinically mild rsv infections in this respect. we have studied the rsv-specifi ... | 2003 | 12696123 |
| quantitative effects of palivizumab and donor-derived t cells on chronic respiratory syncytial virus infection, lung disease, and fusion glycoprotein amino acid sequences in a patient before and after bone marrow transplantation. | a patient with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and severe combined immunodeficiency was studied during a 3-month period of bone marrow transplantation and palivizumab infusion. no rsv isolates with palivizumab escape mutations were identified. donor lymphocytes, including cd8 cells, appeared to markedly reduce the rsv load but increased the pulmonary symptoms. immunosuppressive therapy ameliorated lung disease but allowed the rsv load to rebound. | 2004 | 15307047 |
| human metapneumovirus and severity of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | we screened 23 children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease and 23 children with mild rsv disease for human metapneumovirus (hmpv). although hmpv was circulating in connecticut, none of the 46 rsv-infected patients tested positive for hmpv. in our study population, hmpv did not contribute to the severity of rsv disease. | 2004 | 15324559 |
| an outbreak of respiratory infection due to respiratory syncytial virus subgroup b in ankara, turkey. | during the outbreak, from 16 january 2002 to 3 march 2002, nasopharyngeal secretions obtained from 35 pediatric patients under 2 years of age and suffering from acute respiratory disease were tested by vidas respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) assay (an automated enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay) and reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). rsv antigen was detected in 16 specimens by vidas rsv assay, and 15 of these were confirmed by the rt-pcr. a total of 18 samples were fo ... | 2004 | 15329452 |
| interaction between respiratory syncytial virus and particulate matter in guinea pig alveolar macrophages. | alveolar macrophages (am) play a pivotal role in host lung defense mechanisms. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) stimulates secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in am while it suppresses the cell's phagocytic ability. however, exposure of am to ambient particulate matter (pm10) has been reported to inhibit rsv uptake. the mechanisms involved in the interaction between rsv and pm10 in am are not known. we hypothesize that the cellular response of am to rsv and pm10 is dependent on the sequence ... | 2003 | 12760967 |
| the role of leukotrienes and eosinophil cationic protein in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and by 2.5 to 3 years of age most children have been infected with approximately 1-2% of all infected infants requiring hospital admission. both immunologic and nonimmunologic factors have been implicated in the susceptibility to symptomatic rsv-induced disease although most attention has been directed towards host responses and their role in the pathogenesis of the associated airway obstru ... | 2003 | 15366660 |
| [is respiratory syncytial virus one of the causative agents for transient hyperphosphatasemia?]. | in the winter of 2001, we found several cases of transient hyperphosphatasemia (th) in patients with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. therefore, we tried to verify that rsv was one of the causative agents for th. | 2002 | 12652683 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein subunit f2, not attachment protein g, determines the specificity of rsv infection. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and bovine rsv (brsv) infect human beings and cattle in a species-specific manner. we have here analyzed the contribution of rsv envelope proteins to species-specific entry into cells. in contrast to permanent cell lines, primary cells of human or bovine origin, including differentiated respiratory epithelia, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and macrophages, showed a pronounced species-specific permissiveness for hrsv and brsv infection, respectively. recomb ... | 2003 | 12663767 |
| human metapneumovirus infections in hospitalized children. | we evaluated the percentage of hospitalizations for acute respiratory tract infections in children < or =3 years of age attributable to human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and other respiratory viruses in a prospective study during winter and spring 2002. we used real-time polymerase chain assays and other conventional diagnostic methods to detect hmpv, human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), and influenza viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children. hmpv was detected in 12 (6%) of the 208 childr ... | 2003 | 12781001 |
| annual variation in respiratory syncytial virus season and decisions regarding immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab. | | 2004 | 15466107 |
| risk factors for admission and the role of respiratory syncytial virus-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses in children with acute bronchiolitis. | risk factors for admission of children with acute bronchiolitis have remained controversial. technological advances in the measurements of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity, enable respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific ctl activity to be studied in infants with bronchiolitis for the first time. we evaluated risk factors for admission of children with acute bronchiolitis and determined the role of ctl responses in those infected with rsv. | 2003 | 12806723 |
| the matrix protein of human respiratory syncytial virus localises to the nucleus of infected cells and inhibits transcription. | we studied the kinetics of localisation of matrix (m) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infected cells. m protein was detected in the nucleus early in infection, by confocal microscopy and by immunoblotting of nuclear fractions. we next tested the possibility that m protein may be involved in inhibition of host cell transcription. nuclear extracts from rsv infected cells had less transcriptional activity in vitro when compared to nuclear extracts from mock infected cells. in ... | 2003 | 12827470 |
| correlates of immunity to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) associated-hospitalization: establishment of minimum protective threshold levels of serum neutralizing antibodies. | to determine if respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) specific, serum antibody titers correlate with protection against rsv associated-hospitalization at all ages. | 2003 | 12850364 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection sensitizes cells to apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of respiratory tract disease worldwide, especially in the pediatric population. for viruses in general, apoptotic death of infected cells is a mechanism for reducing virus replication. apoptosis can also be an important factor in augmenting antigen presentation and the host immune response. we examined apoptosis in response to rsv infection of primary small airway cells, primary tracheal-bronchial cells, and a549 and hep-2 cell lines. the p ... | 2003 | 12915532 |
| cytokine production of rsv/pha-stimulated tonsillar mononuclear cells: influences of age and atopy. | links between immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), age and atopic sensitisation are poorly understood. this study investigated the induction of target organ type-1, type-2 and proinflammatory cytokine responses to rsv and/or phytohaemagglutinin (pha) in tonsillar mononuclear cells from children, in relation to age and atopic status. in comparison with the control medium, rsv induced production of the type-1 cytokines interferon (ifn)-gamma and interleukin (il)-18, the pro-infla ... | 2003 | 12952267 |
| lack of sensitivity of rapid antigen tests for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. | the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in older individuals and adults with cardiopulmonary diseases using available rapid antigen detection tests may be difficult due to the low virus shedding in this population. these tests have been extensively evaluated in hospitalized infants, but there is only limited data on their usefulness in adult populations. we evaluated the performance of three different rapid antigen detection tests: becton dickinson directigen rsv (bd), barte ... | 2003 | 12957187 |
| comparison of quantitative reverse transcription-pcr to viral culture for assessment of respiratory syncytial virus shedding. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has recently been recognized as a serious pathogen in elderly and immunocompromised adults. diagnosis of acute infection in adults is often difficult due to the insensitivity of viral culture, and reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) is a more sensitive alternative. the relationship of quantitative rt-pcr to viable virus has never been studied for rsv. therefore, we compared a quantitative real-time rt-pcr with viral culture to assess viral load in adult volunteer ... | 2003 | 12958241 |
| protein kinase c-alpha activity is required for respiratory syncytial virus fusion to human bronchial epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection activates protein kinase c (pkc), but the precise pkc isoform(s) involved and its role(s) remain to be elucidated. on the basis of the activation kinetics of different signaling pathways and the effect of various pkc inhibitors, it was reasoned that pkc activation is important in the early stages of rsv infection, especially rsv fusion and/or replication. herein, the role of pkc-alpha during the early stages of rsv infection in normal human bronchial e ... | 2004 | 15564481 |
| temporal activation of nf-kappab regulates an interferon-independent innate antiviral response against cytoplasmic rna viruses. | nf-kappab is known to exert its antiviral innate immune response via the ifn-beta-induced janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway. however, our current studies have demonstrated that activated nf-kappab is capable of directly establishing an antiviral state independent of ifn or secreted soluble factor(s) against two highly pathogenic respiratory rna viruses. human parainfluenza virus type 3, a mildly cytopathic virus that induced nf-kappab very early during infec ... | 2003 | 12960395 |
| severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is affected by cigarette smoke exposure and atopy. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is a common cause of hospitalizations in children and has been increasingly identified as a risk factor in the development of asthma. little is known about what determines the severity of rsv bronchiolitis, which may be helpful in the initial assessment of these children. | 2005 | 15629968 |
| dual infection of infants by human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus is strongly associated with severe bronchiolitis. | the association between severe bronchiolitis and dual infection by human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) was investigated in <2-year-old infants with bronchiolitis who were admitted to the hospital during the 2001-2002 winter season. hmpv in nasopharyngeal aspirate and/or cells and fluid collected by nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). hrsv was detected in nasopharyngeal aspirate and ... | 2004 | 15633097 |
| comparison of the inhibition of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus by ribavirin and immune serum globulin in vitro. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a newly recognized pathogen that like its better-known relative, human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), appears to be ubiquitous and an important cause of respiratory disease in diverse subpopulations. no antivirals or vaccines are currently approved for the treatment or prevention of hmpv infections. however, ribavirin is licensed to treat serious hrsv-induced infections in children and immune globulin designed for intravenous administration (i.v.ig) and paliv ... | 2003 | 14516921 |
| modeling the structure of the respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein by silent-mutation analysis of global searching molecular dynamics. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encodes a small hydrophobic (sh) protein, whose function in the life cycle of the virus is unknown. recent channel activity measurements of the protein suggest that like other viroporins, sh may assemble into a homo-oligomeric ion channel. to further our understanding of this potentially important protein, a new strategy was implemented in order to model the transmembrane oligomeric bundle of the protein. global searching molecular dynamic simulations of s ... | 2003 | 14627728 |
| an immunocompromised balb/c mouse model for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes bronchiolitis in infants and children, which can be fatal, especially in immunocompromised patients. the balb/c mouse, currently used as a model for studying rsv immunopathology, is semi-permissive to the virus. a mouse model that more closely mimics human rsv infection is needed. since immunocompromised conditions increase risk of rsv infection, the possibility of enhancing rsv infection in the balb/c mouse by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide ... | 2005 | 15701174 |
| amino acid variation within the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus subtype a and b strains during annual epidemics in south africa. | recent evidence of positive selection within the cytotoxic t-cell (ctl) epitopes of the highly conserved nucleoprotein of influenza virus raised the question of whether the ctl epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are also affected by immune driven change over annual epidemics. the fusion protein (f-protein) of rsv is highly conserved within the two subtypes (a and b) and the most important target for the protective response. the position of various neutralizing epitopes has been mapped ... | 2005 | 15744582 |
| evaluation of binax now rsv as an acute point-of-care screening test in a paediatric accident and emergency unit. | point-of-care tests (pocts) for respiratory syncytial virus infections are a useful adjunct to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections in paediatric wards. a new test based on immunochromatography, binax now rsv, was introduced in the winter of 2002-03. it has user friendly features making it particularly suitable for non-laboratory personnel in a paediatric accident and emergency unit. a prospective study comparing the poct with laboratory-based direct immunofluorescence (dif) showe ... | 2004 | 15779800 |
| progression of respiratory syncytial virus infection monitored by fluorescent quantum dot probes. | we report the use of quantum dots (qds) to identify the presence and monitor the progression of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection over time by labeling the f and g proteins. in addition, co-localization of these viral proteins was shown using confocal microscopy. the implications of these results are that qds may provide a method for early, rapid detection of viral infection and open the door for future studies of the intricate spatial features cell trafficking of viral proteins. | 2005 | 15826092 |
| antigen presentation by a macrophage-like cell line persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | severe infection by the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) early in life is associated with subsequent recurrent airway disease presumably mediated by dysregulation of the local immune response. dysfunction of the immune response may be related to impaired macrophage functions. we have previously reported that rsv persistence in a macrophage culture (mphiper) alters fcgamma receptors (fcgammar)-mediated phagocytosis and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. here, we determined wheth ... | 2004 | 14687952 |
| development of three multiplex rt-pcr assays for the detection of 12 respiratory rna viruses. | three multiplex hemi-nested rt-pcr assays were developed to detect simultaneously 12 rna respiratory viruses: influenza viruses a, b and c, human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), parainfluenza virus types 1-4 (piv-1, -2, -3 and -4), human coronavirus oc43 and 229e (hcov) and rhinovirus (hrv). an internal amplification control was included in one of the rt-pcr assays. the rt-pcr multiplex 1 and the hemi-nested multiplex 1 detected 1 and 0.1 tcid50 of rsv a, respec ... | 2005 | 15847919 |
| multiplex real-time pcr assay for detection of influenza and human respiratory syncytial viruses. | a multiplex real-time pcr assay was developed with a lightcycler instrument for detection of influenza viruses a and b and the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). detection of each viral product and of an internal control was based on determination of specific melting temperatures by the lightcycler software. the lower limit of detection in the multiplex pcr assay was found to be 50 copies for each viral target. in an evaluation of nasopharyngeal samples collected from hospitalized childre ... | 2004 | 14715730 |
| molecular and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized children. | the objective of this study was to determine the importance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) for hospitalization in the north east of germany and to obtain molecular epidemiological data of the circulating strains. using a rapid and sensitive reverse transcriptase-pcr, it was found that a quarter of pediatric respiratory disease admissions were due to rsv. infections caused by rsv in hospitalized patients were determined over the whole year. both rsv groups a and b were identified with a pre ... | 2005 | 14722763 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine production: linking viral replication to chemokine production in vitro and in vivo. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a negative-sense, single-strand rna virus that can initiate severe bronchiolitis in infants, as well as in elderly adults. although rsv preferentially infects and replicates in the airway epithelium, studies have shown that rsv has the ability to infect and, to a limited extent, replicate in alveolar macrophages. in the present study, we sought to characterize the rsv-induced chemokine production in vitro and in vivo, because chemokines have been shown to con ... | 2004 | 15073679 |
| symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection in previously healthy young adults living in a crowded military environment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a potentially important cause of acute respiratory illness in many populations, including military recruits receiving basic training. understanding the full impact of rsv infection is challenging because of difficulties in diagnosis and the limitations of past epidemiologic studies. in this study, we set out to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of rsv infection and infection caused by other common viral agents in a population of ... | 2005 | 16007526 |
| bronchiolitis: in-patient focus. | bronchiolitis is among the most common and serious lower respiratory tract syndromes that affects young children. in developed countries, the case fatality rate among previously healthy children remains low; in contrast, infants with underlying medical conditions, such as immunodeficiency or chronic lung disease, are at risk of prolonged illness and death. bronchiolitis is associated with significant morbidity among healthy young children. during the winter season, bronchiolitis is the most comm ... | 2005 | 16009256 |
| safety and efficacy of immune-stimulating complex-based antigen delivery systems for neonatal immunisation against respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to protect against human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv)-induced bronchiolitis in early infancy, vaccines need to be designed which are effective in the neonatal period. to test the safety and efficacy of adjuvants in neonatal mice, we injected hrsv surface proteins combined with immune-stimulating complexes (iscoms) prepared from fractions a, c or a + c of quillaja saponins. all were well tolerated in adults, but a + c iscoms proved lethal in neonates; a or c fractions alone were well tolera ... | 2004 | 15158774 |
| immune responses and disease enhancement during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the commonest and most troublesome viruses of infancy. it causes most cases of bronchiolitis, which is associated with wheezing in later childhood. in primary infection, the peak of disease typically coincides with the development of specific t- and b-cell responses, which seem, in large part, to be responsible for disease. animal models clearly show that a range of immune responses can enhance disease severity, particularly after vaccination with form ... | 2005 | 16020689 |
| characterization of recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses with the region responsible for type 2 t-cell responses and pulmonary eosinophilia deleted from the attachment (g) protein. | it is essential that preventative vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) elicit balanced t-cell responses. immune responses dominated by type 2 t cells against rsv antigens are believed to cause exaggerated respiratory tract disease and may also contribute to unwanted inflammation in the airways that predisposes infants to wheeze through adolescence. here we report on the construction and characterization of recombinant rsv (rrsv) strains with amino acids 151 to 221 or 178 to 219 of the ... | 2004 | 15280453 |
| vbeta14(+) t cells mediate the vaccine-enhanced disease induced by immunization with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein but not with formalin-inactivated rsv. | mice immunized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein or with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) exhibit severe disease following rsv challenge. this results in type 2 cytokine production and pulmonary eosinophilia, both hallmarks of vaccine-enhanced disease. rsv g-induced t-cell responses were shown to be restricted to cd4(+) t cells expressing vbeta14 in the t-cell receptor (tcr), and the deletion of these t cells resulted in less severe disease. we therefore examined the role of ... | 2004 | 15280483 |
| comparison of two new rapid antigen detection assays for respiratory syncytial virus with another assay and shell vial culture. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major viral pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infection in young children. early detection allows cohorting of infected inpatients to prevent nosocomial transmission and consideration of treatment. to achieve rapid reporting, antigen detection has been widely used. since late 2002, the fda approved two new rsv antigen detection tests, the now rsv test (binax) and the directigen ez rsv (becton dickinson), both of which promised reduced hands-on proc ... | 2004 | 15364269 |
| mapping the golgi targeting and retention signal of bunyamwera virus glycoproteins. | the membrane glycoproteins (gn and gc) of bunyamwera virus (bun; family bunyaviridae) accumulate in the golgi complex, where virion maturation occurs. the golgi targeting and retention signal has previously been shown to reside within the gn protein. a series of truncated gn and glycoprotein precursor cdnas were constructed by progressively deleting the coding region of the transmembrane domain (tmd) and the cytoplasmic tail. we also constructed chimeric proteins of bun gc, enhanced green fluore ... | 2004 | 15367646 |
| an unusual case of thrombocytosis associated with concurrent cytomegalovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in an immunocompetent infant: possible roles of thrombopoietin and interleukin-6. | this is the case study of concurrent cytomegalovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in an infant who showed thrombocytosis, liver dysfunction and bronchiolitis. the combination of thrombocytosis with this co-infection is causally related to elevated levels of thrombopoietin and interleukin-6. this study represents the first such case ever recorded. | 2004 | 16230213 |
| sequence and structure relatedness of matrix protein of human respiratory syncytial virus with matrix proteins of other negative-sense rna viruses. | matrix proteins of viruses within the order mononegavirales have similar functions and play important roles in virus assembly. protein sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree derivation, hydropathy profiles and secondary structure prediction were performed on selected matrix protein sequences, using human respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein as the reference. no general conservation of primary, secondary or tertiary structure was found, except for a broad similarity in the hydropathy pattern ... | 2004 | 15373896 |
| recombinant respiratory syncytial virus lacking secreted glycoprotein g is attenuated, non-pathogenic but induces protective immunity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes intense pulmonary inflammatory responses in some infected infants. the surface attachment protein 'g' of rsv has membrane-bound and secreted forms and shows homology to the cx3c chemokine fractalkine. using recombinant techniques, we generated replication-competent recombinant clonal rsv expressing normal g proteins ('rrsv') or only the membrane-bound form of g ('gmem rrsv'). both recombinants grew well in hep-2 cells, but after primary intranasal infecti ... | 2004 | 15380773 |
| antiviral activities of medicinal herbs traditionally used in southern mainland china. | the aqueous extracts from 21 medicinal herbs traditionally used in southern mainland china were screened for antiviral activities against human herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using a cytopathic effect (cpe) reduction assay. three extracts from agrimonia pilosa, pithecellobium clypearia and punica granatum, respectively, showed anti-hsv-1 activity, which was possibly contributed by the polyphenolic compounds in the herbal extracts. six of the extra ... | 2004 | 15478204 |
| structural analysis of the human respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein: characterization of an alpha-helical domain involved in oligomerization. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) phosphoprotein (p), an essential cofactor of the viral polymerase, is much shorter (241 aa) than and has no sequence similarity to p of other paramyxoviruses. nevertheless, bioinformatic analysis of hrsv p sequence revealed a modular organization, reminiscent of other paramyxovirus ps, with a central structured domain (aa 100-200), flanked by two intrinsically disordered regions (1-99 and 201-241). to test the predicted structure experimentally, hrsv p wa ... | 2006 | 16361428 |
| contribution of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses to acute respiratory infections in san luis potosí, mexico. | respiratory viruses are the main pathogens associated with acute respiratory illness (ari) in children. | 2005 | 16371864 |
| genotypes of respiratory syncytial virus group b identified in uruguay. | genotypes of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) of group b from uruguay were assigned to strains isolated during 1999 and 2001 outbreaks and others formerly reported isolated in the period 1989-1996. the nucleotide sequences of the c-terminal portion of the g protein were compared to sequences representative of previously defined hrsv genotypes. most uruguayan strains clustered into five of the previously identified genotypes. nine isolates clustered in two genotypes named uru1 and uru2 wh ... | 2005 | 15480858 |
| hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children: development of a clinical prediction rule. | because passive immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is costly, its use should be restricted to well-defined groups of high risk children. we aimed to develop a clinical prediction rule that estimates the individual monthly risk of hospitalization for rsv infection in young children. | 2006 | 16511380 |