| characterization of an in vitro transcription system from rinderpest virus. | an in vitro transcription system for rinderpest virus (rpv) is described. ribonucleoprotein complexes isolated from rpv-infected vero cells, human lung carcinoma cells, or detergent-disrupted purified virions synthesized authentic rpv mrnas for the n, p, m. f and h genes as identified by dot blot hybridization analysis with individual cdna clones. the relative abundance of the mrnas synthesized in vitro decreased from the 3' end of the genome to the 5' end, very similar to that observed with mea ... | 1995 | 8588310 |
| synthesis of antibodies against measles virus and myelin by in vitro stimulated b-cells derived from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. | subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) patients carry persistent measles virus infection in the brain. furthermore, the blood lymphocytes contain viral rna. lymphocytes derived from 6 sspe patients were stimulated with epstein-barr virus (ebv). production of antibodies against measles virus of the igg isotype was detected in the supernatants of cell cultures of all patients, regardless of the disease's activity, duration or interferon therapy. in contrast, only some of these cell cultures al ... | 1993 | 7507883 |
| [the specific activity and immunological safety of the intranasal method of revaccination with a live measles vaccine made from the leningrad-16 strain]. | the search for alternative routes for administration of live measles vaccine is associated both with the threat of infection with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and with the development of a more physiological, natural and less traumatic mode of vaccine administration. the influence of the intranasal administration on the general condition of the immune system, its immunomodulating effect (the emergence of inducer suppressors, cell response to the inactivated virus), was studie ... | 1993 | 7521099 |
| diversity of sites for measles virus binding and for inactivation of complement c3b and c4b on membrane cofactor protein cd46. | the complement system membrane cofactor protein (mcp) cd46 serves as a c3b/c4b inactivating factor for the protection of host cells from autologous complement attack and as a receptor for measles virus (mv). mcp consists of four short consensus repeats (scr) which are the predominant extracellular structural motif. in the present study, we determined which of the four scr of mcp contribute to its function using chinese hamster ovary cell clones expressing each scr deletion mutants. the results w ... | 1995 | 7541036 |
| the induction of respiratory syncytial virus-specific cytotoxic t-cell responses following immunization with a synthetic peptide containing a fusion peptide linked to a cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitope. | previously published work has shown that a cytotoxic t-cell epitope (ctl) representing residues 82-90 of the m2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the target for a protective response against the virus. in this report, we demonstrate that a synthetic peptide representing residues 81-95, when covalently linked to a fusion peptide derived from the conserved n-terminal 19 residues of the f1 protein of measles virus efficiently primes rsv-specific ctls in vivo following immunization wit ... | 1995 | 7558120 |
| moesin, and not the murine functional homologue (crry/p65) of human membrane cofactor protein (cd46), is involved in the entry of measles virus (strain edmonston) into susceptible murine cell lines. | membrane cofactor protein (cd46) has been firmly established as the major high affinity receptor for measles virus (mv). in addition, another protein, moesin, has been shown to be linked with the susceptibility of human cells to mv infection. murine cells are largely resistant to mv infection, although a number of cell types can be productively infected. as murine cells do not express cd46 an additional mechanism for the uptake of mv is likely. murine cells possess a functional homologue of cd46 ... | 1995 | 7636492 |
| mxa-dependent inhibition of measles virus glycoprotein synthesis in a stably transfected human monocytic cell line. | the alpha/beta (type i) interferon-inducible human mxa protein confers resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and influenza a virus in mxa-transfected mouse 3t3 cells (3t3/mxa). we investigated the inhibitory effects of the mxa protein on measles virus (mv) and vsv in the human monocytic cell line u937. in transfected u937 clones which constitutively express mxa (u937/mxa), the release of infectious mv and vsv was reduced approximately 100-fold in comparison with control titers. transcri ... | 1993 | 8392613 |
| multinucleated cells formed in vitro from paget's bone marrow express viral antigens. | paget's disease of bone is characterized by large numbers of osteoclasts that have viral-like nuclear and/or cytoplasmic inclusions. pagetic osteoclasts express respiratory syncytial viral (rsv) and measles viral (mv) nucleocapsid antigens. the data suggest a possible viral etiology for paget's disease. however, studies to characterize further the putative viral inclusions in paget's osteoclasts have been severely hampered by the extreme difficulty in isolating large numbers of osteoclasts from ... | 1994 | 7917585 |
| the virology of demyelinating diseases. | infectious agents have been postulated as causes of multiple sclerosis for over a century. the possible role of a virus or viruses is supported by data that (1) a childhood exposure is involved and "viral" infections may precipitate exacerbations of disease, (2) experimental infections in animals and natural infections in humans can cause diseases with long incubation periods, remitting and relapsing courses, and demyelination, and (3) patients with multiple sclerosis have abnormal immune respon ... | 1994 | 8017889 |
| progressive immunodeficiency due to infection with human immunodeficiency virus does not lead to waning immunity to measles in a cohort of homosexual men. | the relationship between progressive immunodeficiency related to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and waning immunity to measles was investigated in this retrospective cohort study. titers of serum antibodies to measles virus were measured by enzyme immunoassay of stored sera from a cohort of homosexual men who were studied at san francisco general hospital. subjects underwent a baseline and follow-up measure of measles antibodies. high levels of antibodies to measles virus were ... | 1994 | 8038324 |
| efficient mhc class ii-restricted presentation of measles virus to t cells relies on its targeting to its cellular receptor human cd46 and involves an endosomal pathway. | the role of the measles virus (mv) receptor, human cd46, in the uptake of mv and antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules was investigated. expression of cd46 in murine b cells resulted in cells highly efficient in capturing uv-inactivated mv particles and presenting both envelope hemagglutinin h and nucleoprotein n to specific t cell hybridomas. although mv fuse with the plasma membrane of its target cells, presentation of both mv-h and -n was sensitive ... | 1994 | 8049676 |
| multiple isoforms of cd46 (membrane cofactor protein) serve as receptors for measles virus. | measles virus (mv) causes a productive infection in humans and certain simian hosts. rodent cells such as chinese hamster ovary (cho) and murine cell lines normally resist mv infection. human cd46, or membrane cofactor protein, a complement regulatory protein, recently has been reported as the cellular receptor for mv. multiple isoforms of the cd46 protein exist; four of these isoforms are commonly expressed on human cells. expression of each of the four isoforms in cho cells followed by exposur ... | 1994 | 8134365 |
| molecular and cellular aspects of measles virus persistence in the cns. | | 1997 | 9179781 |
| protein-free culture of vero cells: a substrate for replication of human pathogenic viruses. | a protein-free chemically defined medium designated pfek-1 was developed for culture of vero cells on polyvinyl formal (pvf) culture surface without serum or other macromolecular supplements. vero cells proliferated in pfek-1 medium on pvf surface to a similar extent as cells in serum-supplemented medium without previous adaptation from serum-containing conditions. the protein-free culture infected with coxsackievirus b4, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, measles virus and poliovirus types 1, ... | 1993 | 8220316 |
| moesin: a cell membrane protein linked with susceptibility to measles virus infection. | measles virus is a highly contagious virus causing acute and persistent diseases in man, the receptor of which is still not well characterized. we have isolated a monoclonal antibody (mab), designated mab 119, which specifically inhibits measles virus infection of susceptible cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. this antibody precipitates a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 75 kda from 125i surface-labeled cells and its epitope is present on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, h ... | 1994 | 8259662 |
| efficient major histocompatibility complex class ii-restricted presentation of measles virus relies on hemagglutinin-mediated targeting to its cellular receptor human cd46 expressed by murine b cells. | measles virus after binding to its cell surface human cd46 receptor fuses with the plasma membrane. this fusion results in envelope hemagglutinin (h) and fusion glycoprotein (f) incorporated into the plasma membrane and injection of the nucleocapsid made of nucleoprotein (np) into the cytosol. the influence of targeting measles virus (mv) to cd46 in the processing and presentation of mv h and np to antigen specific mhc class ii i-e(d)- and i-a(d)-restricted t cell hybridomas was explored using m ... | 1994 | 8270880 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 peptides in chimeric and multivalent constructs with promiscuous t-cell epitopes enhance immunogenicity and overcome genetic restriction. | conventional strategies of viral peptide immunizations often elicit low-affinity antibody responses and have limited ability to elicit immune responses in outbred animals of diverse major histocompatibility (mhc) haplotypes. this genetically restricted t-cell-stimulatory activity of peptides is a serious obstacle to vaccine design. however, the use of promiscuous t-cell epitopes may circumvent this problem. promiscuous t-cell epitopes from tetanus toxin (amino acids [aa] 580 to 599) and the meas ... | 1995 | 7545241 |
| plaque-associated expression of human herpesvirus 6 in multiple sclerosis. | representational difference analysis was used to search for pathogens in multiple sclerosis brains. we detected a 341-nucleotide fragment that was 99.4% identical to the major dna binding protein gene of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). examination of 86 brain specimens by pcr demonstrated that hhv-6 was present in > 70% of ms cases and controls and is thus a commensal virus of the human brain. by dna sequencing, 36/37 viruses from ms cases and controls were typed as hhv-6 variant b group 2. other h ... | 1995 | 7638210 |
| response of human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults to measles-rubella vaccination. | measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (mmr) is recommended for human immunodeficiency virus-infected (hiv+) adults. data concerning mmr vaccination of hiv+ patients are limited to children. we evaluated 39 hiv+ (97% with > 200 cd4+ lymphocytes) and 17 non-hiv+ control adults receiving measles-rubella vaccine (mr). clinical adverse events did not differ between groups. prevaccination, three hiv+ and two control vaccinees were measles seronegative; no hiv+ and one control vaccinee seroconverted. no initia ... | 1993 | 8340890 |
| effect of measles virus infection on mhc class ii expression and antigen presentation in human monocytes. | we studied the effect of measles virus (mv) infection on the expression of mhc class ii molecules and on the antigen-presenting function in human peripheral blood monocytes in vitro. the expression of hla-dr, -dq, and -dp molecules was up to 10-fold higher in mv-infected than that in uninfected monocytes. this effect did not change upon stimulation of monocytes with lps, and was not mediated by ifn-gamma. in contrast to results obtained with peripheral monocytes, mv infection in a human monocyti ... | 1993 | 7680965 |
| cell proteins bind to sites within the 3' noncoding region and the positive-strand leader sequence of measles virus rna. | the genomic 3' noncoding region (ncr) of nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses contains recognition site(s) for the polymerase complex, while the rna plus-strand leader sequence (ls) is probably involved in rna encapsidation. it is known that host-encoded factors play a role in transcription and replication of some of this group of viruses. here we report that cellular proteins interact with the genomic 3' ncr and with the plus-strand ls rna of an important human pathogen, measles virus (mv), ... | 1993 | 8419646 |
| detection of measles virus mrna from autopsied human tissues. | by reverse transcription-pcr, measles virus (mv) mrna was detected in the brain, kidney, spleen, liver, and lung tissues obtained from 23 (45.1%) of 51 autopsy subjects, with the detection rates of each tissue ranging from 8 to 20%. sequence analysis revealed frequent mutations in the corresponding viral protein. these results suggest that mv mutants commonly persist in apparently healthy individuals. | 1998 | 9431973 |
| subacute measles encephalitis in the young immunocompromised host: report of two cases diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction and treated with ribavirin and review of the literature. | two young patients with subacute measles encephalitis are described: a 20-year-old male hemophiliac infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and a 4-year-old girl with acute leukemia. both patients were afebrile and had persistent focal seizures and slurred speech beginning 2 and 7 months, respectively, after the onset of uncomplicated acute measles. the diagnosis of subacute measles encephalitis was established by demonstration of paramyxovirus nucleocapsid on electron microscopy of bra ... | 1993 | 8323578 |
| measles virus replication in neural cells. | measles virus gene expression is attenuated in neural cells by mechanisms that affect both viral transcription and translation. host enzymes that hypermutate viral genes, and those induced by cytokines, may act cooperatively to slow viral replication and to favor persistent measles virus infections in the human central nervous system. | 1995 | 8520890 |
| measles virus fusion protein- and hemagglutinin-transfected cell lines are a sensitive tool for the detection of specific antibodies by a facs-measured immunofluorescence assay. | a facs-measured immunofluorescence assay was developed for the detection of antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin (h) and fusion (f) glycoproteins of measles virus (mv). human melanoma cell lines transfected with either the mv h or f genes, which showed a high surface expression of the respective proteins in their native conformation, were used as target cells. the cells were incubated with diluted plasma samples, and stained subsequently with fitc-conjugated secondary antibodies. the fa ... | 1998 | 9628219 |
| abnormalities of measles antibody response in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. | the finding that severe measles occurs in immunized as well as nonimmunized human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals suggests that both immunologic memory and the initial response to measles may be impaired by hiv infection. that the initial response is affected was supported by the finding that post-measles immunization titers of hiv-infected babies were significantly lower (p = 0.01) than those of normal babies. poor immunologic memory was evidenced in hiv-infected children by l ... | 1995 | 8548333 |
| identification of two amino acids in the hemagglutinin glycoprotein of measles virus (mv) that govern hemadsorption, hela cell fusion, and cd46 downregulation: phenotypic markers that differentiate vaccine and wild-type mv strains. | we have used site-directed mutagenesis of the hemagglutinin (h) glycoprotein of measles virus (mv) to investigate the molecular basis for the phenotypic differences observed between mv vaccine strains and recently isolated wild-type mv strains. the former downregulate cd46, the putative cellular receptor of mv, are positive for hemadsorption, and are fusogenic in hela cells, whereas the latter are negative for these phenotypic markers. cd46 downregulation in particular, could have profound conse ... | 1996 | 8676439 |
| comparative analysis of the attachment protein gene (h) of dolphin morbillivirus. | dmv, dolphin morbillivirus, a paramyxovirus of uncertain origin recently emerged in mediterranean dolphins. this study presents the complete nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin (h) gene including the gene boundaries. the single open reading frame of the dmv h gene encodes a protein of 604 residues which exhibits overall sequence characteristics similar to the h genes of other morbilliviruses. when compared to its closest homologues, measles virus (mv) and rinderpest virus (rpv), dmv has, re ... | 1996 | 8725120 |
| high-level expression of the measles virus nucleocapsid protein by using a replication-deficient adenovirus vector: induction of an mhc-1-restricted ctl response and protection in a murine model. | replication-deficient adenovirus (ad) vectors provide an efficient technology for direct dna delivery to cells both in vitro and in vivo. we have inserted the measles virus nucleoprotein (n) gene under the control of the strong constitutive cmv major ie promoter into an ad type 5 e1- vector to produce the recombinant virus rad68. following infection of human fibroblasts with rad68 in vitro, recombinant n protein was synthesized as a 60-kda protein that represented up to 20% total soluble cell pr ... | 1995 | 7618280 |
| polymerase chain reaction amplification of a measles virus sequence from human temporal bone sections with active otosclerosis. | investigation of a possible viral etiology for otosclerosis was initiated because of the clinical and histopathologic similarities between otosclerosis and paget's disease of bone and the mounting evidence of a viral etiology in paget's disease. thus far, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies have revealed measles-like structures and antigens in active otosclerotic lesions. a method for isolation and identification of both dna and rna sequences in archival human temporal bone specimens ... | 1996 | 8915408 |
| seroconversion to human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 among brazilian children with clinical diagnoses of measles or rubella. | we collected acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples from brazilian patients who presented with exanthem of unknown origin and evaluated these samples by means of an immunoblot assay for seroconversion to human herpesvirus 6 (hiv-6) or human herpesvirus 7 (hiv-7). measles or rubella had been clinically diagnosed in all these patients, but their sera were negative for antibodies to both measles virus and rubella virus. twenty percent of the patients clearly seroconverted to hhv-6 after m ... | 1996 | 8922816 |
| morbillivirus downregulation of cd46. | there is evidence that cd46 (membrane cofactor protein) is a cellular receptor for vaccine and laboratory-passaged strains of measles virus (mv). following infection with these mv strains, cd46 is downregulated from the cell surface, and consequent complement-mediated lysis has been shown to occur upon infection of a human monocytic cell line. the mv hemagglutinin (h) protein alone is capable of inducing this downregulation. some wild-type strains of mv fail to downregulate cd46, despite infecti ... | 1998 | 9811778 |
| plant-derived vaccine protects target animals against a viral disease. | the successful expression of animal or human virus epitopes on the surface of plant viruses has recently been demonstrated. these chimeric virus particles (cvps) could represent a cost-effective and safe alternative to conventional animal cell-based vaccines. we report the insertion of oligonucleotides coding for a short linear epitope from the vp2 capsid protein of mink enteritis virus (mev) into an infectious cdna clone of cowpea mosaic virus and the successful expression of the epitope on the ... | 1997 | 9062924 |
| transgenic expression of a cd46 (membrane cofactor protein) minigene: studies of xenotransplantation and measles virus infection. | cd46 (membrane cofactor protein) is a human cell-surface regulator of activated complement and a receptor for the measles virus. a cd46 transgenic mouse line with an expression pattern similar to that of human tissues has been produced, to develop an animal model of (i) the control of complement activation by complement regulators in hyperacute rejection of xenografts, and (ii) measles virus infection. the mouse line was made using a cd46 minigene that includes promoter sequence and the first tw ... | 1997 | 9079815 |
| inhibition effect of shengma-gegen-tang on measles virus in vero cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | shengma-gegen-tang has long been used against measles virus in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) as well as in vero cells. one hundred micrograms/ml shengma-gegen-tang in pbmc displays significant anti-measles activity, whereas the same concentration in vero cells does not. after eight days of infection, the release of virus is significantly suppressed by shengma-gegen-tang in the case of pbmc. in addition, shengma-gegen-tang has a selective stimulation to the secretion of cytokine ... | 1997 | 9167001 |
| measles virus-specific dsrnas are targets for unwinding/modifying activity in neural cells in vitro. | biased hypermutation events found predominantly in the matrix gene of measles virus isolated from persistent human cns infections have been attributed to the action of a cellular unwinding/modifying activity (uma). to define the level and distribution of this activity in brain cells, fractionated extracts were prepared from the nuclei and cytoplasm of human glioblastoma (d-54, u-251) and neuroblastoma (imr-32, skn-mc) cells and analyzed for their ability to modify synthetic dsrnas specific for t ... | 1995 | 9222345 |
| peptides from conserved regions of paramyxovirus fusion (f) proteins are potent inhibitors of viral fusion. | the synthetic peptides dp-107 and dp-178 (t-20), derived from separate domains within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) transmembrane (tm) protein, gp4l, are stable and potent inhibitors of hiv-1 infection and fusion. using a computer searching strategy (computerized antiviral searching technology, c.a.s.t.) based on the predicted secondary structure of dp-107 and dp-178 (t-20), we have identified conserved heptad repeat domains analogous to the dp-107 and dp-178 regions of hiv-1 g ... | 1996 | 8700906 |
| igm antibodies in hospitalized children with febrile illness during an inter-epidemic period of measles, in somalia. | in the context of the measles elimination programme, endorsed by the expanded programme on immunization of the world health organization, the identification of infections which may be confused with measles is a major challenge. | 1999 | 10073410 |
| down-regulation of paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein surface expression by a mutant fusion protein containing a retention signal for the endoplasmic reticulum. | the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins are the principal components involved in virion receptor binding, membrane penetration, and ultimately, syncytium formation. while the requirement for both f and hn in this process has been determined from recombinant expression studies, stable physical association of these proteins in coimmunoprecipitation studies has not been observed. in addition, coexpression of other heterologous param ... | 1996 | 8764007 |
| measles virus modulates human t-cell somatostatin receptors and their coupling to adenylyl cyclase. | the possible role of immunomodulatory peptide somatostatin (srif) in measles virus (mv)-induced immunopathology was addressed by analysis of srif receptors and their coupling to adenylyl cyclase in mitogen-stimulated jurkat t cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). srif-specific receptors were assayed in semipurified membrane preparations by using srif14 containing iodinated tyrosine at the first position in the amino acid chain ([125i]tyr1) as a radioligand. a determination o ... | 1997 | 9311826 |
| transgenic mice expressing human measles virus (mv) receptor cd46 provide cells exhibiting different permissivities to mv infections. | we have generated transgenic mice ubiquitously expressing the human receptor for measles virus (mv), cd46 (membrane cofactor protein). various cell types were isolated from these transgenic mice and analyzed for their ability to support mv replication in vitro. although mv could enter into all cd46-expressing cells, differential susceptibilities to mv infection were detected depending on the cell type. cell cultures obtained from transgenic lungs and kidneys were found to be permissive of mv inf ... | 1996 | 8794303 |
| subacute measles encephalitis in a young man immunosuppressed for ankylosing spondylitis. | subacute measles encephalitis occurred 1 month after measles onset in a 26-year-old hiv-negative man undergoing immunosuppressive treatment for ankylosing spondylitis. he had seizures, a decline in mental status, and progressive impairment of consciousness, with a fatal outcome. despite severely deficient cellular immunity, the elevated antimeasles antibody titers and csf findings indicated that humoral immunity was not impaired. histologic, electron microscopic, and immunocytochemical studies r ... | 1999 | 10102434 |
| rescue of sendai virus cdna templates with cdna clones expressing parainfluenza virus type 3 n, p and l proteins. | several years ago, we reported that a sendai virus (sev) defective genome (dih4uv) could be rescued in vivo with human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) and bovine piv3 but not by measles virus or vesicular stomatitis virus. it was concluded that the cis-acting rna sequences were conserved within the sev/piv1/piv3 group but that interactions between the polymerase complex (p-l) and the template protein n were unique for each virus. we have re-examined these conclusions using proteins expressed ... | 1996 | 8887479 |
| a single amino acid change in the hemagglutinin protein of measles virus determines its ability to bind cd46 and reveals another receptor on marmoset b cells. | this paper provides evidence for a measles virus receptor other than cd46 on transformed marmoset and human b cells. we first showed that most tissues of marmosets are missing the scr1 domain of cd46, which is essential for the binding of edmonston measles virus, a laboratory strain that has been propagated in vero monkey kidney cells. in spite of this deletion, the common marmoset was shown to be susceptible to infections by wild-type isolates of measles virus, although they did not support edm ... | 1998 | 9525611 |
| phosphorylation of canine distemper virus p protein by protein kinase c-zeta and casein kinase ii. | transcription by nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses is mediated by the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase and transcriptional cofactor p. the p protein is activated by phosphorylation, an event initiated by cellular kinases. the kinase used differs among this group of rna viruses; vesicular stomatitis virus and respiratory syncytial virus utilize casein kinase ii (ckii), whereas human parainfluenza virus type 3 utilizes pkc isoform zeta (pkc-zeta) for activation of its p protein. to identi ... | 1997 | 9185603 |
| salivary diagnosis of measles: a study of notified cases in the united kingdom, 1991-3. | to validate a method for salivary diagnosis of measles and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of notified cases of measles. | 1994 | 8167513 |
| spread of measles virus through axonal pathways into limbic structures in the brain of tap1 -/- mice. | the spread of measles virus into the brain was studied exploiting the olfactory pathway, which represents an important route of neuroinvasion by viruses. the virus was injected into the main olfactory bulb of wild-type mice and mice with disrupted tap1 gene (tap refers to the transporter associated with antigen presentation), which codes for products essential for the cell-mediated immune response. virus invasion was monitored for 4 weeks by immunohistochemistry. the distribution of measles viru ... | 1997 | 9260681 |
| infection of human dendritic cells by measles virus induces immune suppression. | | 1997 | 9286397 |
| [elaboration of live measles vaccine technology on human embryo lung diploid cell culture l-68]. | measles predominates among childhood droplet infections in many countries. immunization of all human beings sensitive to this infection is the only radical measure in controlling measles. the quality of a vaccine is primarily determined by the properties of the virus strains and cell cultures and technology of production. now live measles vaccine is produced in or country on the basis of fibroblasts from japanese quail embryo. the production of live measles vaccine in the primary cell cultures h ... | 1998 | 9608273 |
| langerhans cells are susceptible to measles virus infection and actively suppress t cell proliferation. | we have previously reported that the measles virus (mv) could productively infect human dendritic cells (dc), derived in vitro from cd34+ cord blood progenitors in the presence of gm-csf and tnf-alpha. in this study, we provide evidence that freshly isolated langerhans cells (lc), which are immature dendritic cells located in skin and mucosal epithelia, are susceptible to mv infection in vitro as assessed by viral antigen expression by both lc syncytia and lc remaining as single cells. moreover, ... | 1998 | 9729058 |
| no changes in paired viral antibody titers during the course of acute schizophrenia. | although there have been many studies surveying the prevalence of specific viral antibodies in a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia, changes in antibody levels during the course of acute illness have not been fully investigated. we conducted a preliminary study investigating levels of antibodies to 5 herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, varicella-zoster virus and human herpesvirus type 6) and 6 other viruses (measles, rubella, mumps, influenza ... | 1999 | 10474057 |
| measles virus fusion protein is palmitoylated on transmembrane-intracytoplasmic cysteine residues which participate in cell fusion. | [3h]palmitic acid was metabolically incorporated into the viral fusion protein (f) of edmonston or freshly isolated measles virus (mv) during infection of human lymphoid or vero cells. the uncleaved precursor f0 and the f1 subunit from infected cells and extracellular virus were both labeled, indicating that palmitoylation can take place prior to f0 cleavage and that palmitoylated f protein was incorporated into virus particles. [3h]palmitic acid was released from f protein upon hydroxylamine or ... | 1998 | 9733862 |
| a microcapillary column switching hplc-electrospray ionization ms system for the direct identification of peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex class i molecules. | a microcapillary column switching high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) system was developed for the separation of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i associated peptides. combination of the column switching system with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esims) enabled the detection and identification of the peptides at low-femtomole levels. sample volumes of 30-50 microl were injected and concentrated onto a short, 100-micron-i.d. precolumn. the precolumn was coupled ... | 1998 | 9751018 |
| interferon-alpha inhibits the emergence of cellular stress response-dependent morbillivirus large plaque variants. | cellular levels of heat shock proteins (hsps) are elevated in response to physiologic states accompanying acute virus infection (e.g. fever). the objective of the present work was to define the antiviral effect of purified human lymphoblastoid ifn in the presence of hsp over-expression. for this purpose, canine distemper virus (cdv) was used since the response of cdv transcription and persistent infection phenotype to elevated hsp is characterized. first, the effect of elevated hsp on cdv lytic ... | 1998 | 9754888 |
| cd46 expression does not overcome the intracellular block of measles virus replication in transgenic rats. | the study of measles pathogenesis and the testing of improved vaccine candidates is hampered by the lack of a small animal model which is susceptible to infection by the intranasal route. with the identification of cd46 as a measles virus (mv) receptor, it was feasible to generate transgenic rats to overcome this problem. although there was widespread expression of cd46 in the transgenic sprague-dawley rats, no measles-like disease could be induced after various routes of infection. the expresse ... | 1997 | 9311889 |
| radiation-induced transformation of sv40-immortalized human thyroid epithelial cells by single exposure to plutonium alpha-particles in vitro. | human thyroid carcinomas have been induced following exposure of sv40-immortalized human thyroid epithelial cells in vitro to single doses (0.14 gy to 1.57 gy) of 3.26 mev alpha-particles from a plutonium 238 source. tumours were detected between 50 and 160 days following subcutaneous transplantation of the irradiated cells in athymic mice. no tumours were observed following transplantation of unirradiated cells. the relative biological effectiveness (rbe) of the alpha-particles, estimated from ... | 1997 | 9374431 |
| the cytoplasmic domains of complement regulatory protein cd46 interact with multiple kinases in macrophages. | membrane cofactor protein (cd46), which normally protects autologous cells from complement lysis, is the human cell receptor for measles virus (mv). interaction between mv and cd46 on monocytes can lead to suppression of monocyte activation. we have investigated the interaction between the cytoplasmic sequences of cd46 and kinases in a mouse macrophage cell line. glutathione-s-transferase (gst) fusion proteins bearing the cyt1 or cyt2 alternative cytoplasmic domain of cd46 associate with macroph ... | 1997 | 9400832 |
| human receptor for measles virus (cd46) enhances nitric oxide production and restricts virus replication in mouse macrophages by modulating production of alpha/beta interferon. | complement regulatory protein cd46 is a human cell receptor for measles virus (mv). in this study, we investigated why mouse macrophages expressing human cd46 restricted mv replication and produced higher levels of nitric oxide (no) in response to mv and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma). treatment of mv-infected cd46-expressing mouse macrophages with antibodies against ifn-alpha/beta blocked no production. antibodies against ifn-alpha/beta also inhibited the augmenting effect of mv on ifn-gamma-indu ... | 2000 | 10627535 |
| measles igm immunoreactivity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | the purpose of our study was to examine measles igm immunoreactivity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | 1998 | 9789132 |
| infection of chicken embryonic fibroblasts by measles virus: adaptation at the virus entry level. | measles virus (mv) has a tropism restricted to humans and primates and uses the human cd46 molecule as a cellular receptor. mv has been adapted to grow in chicken embryonic fibroblasts (cef) and gave rise to an attenuated live vaccine. hallé and schwarz mv strains were compared in their ability to infect both simian vero cells and cef. whereas both strains infected vero cells, only the cef-adapted schwarz strain was able to efficiently infect cef. since the expression of the human mv receptor cd ... | 1999 | 10233992 |
| antigen-specific expansion of cytotoxic t lymphocytes in acute measles virus infection. | skewing of the t-cell receptor repertoire of cd8(+) t cells has been shown in some persistent infections with viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus, simian immunodeficiency virus, and epstein-barr virus. we have demonstrated that similar distortions also occur in nonpersistent measles virus infection. in addition, two of four children immunized with live, attenuated measles virus showed larger and more persistent cd8(+) t-cell expansions than their naturally infected counterparts. the ex ... | 1999 | 9847308 |
| cd46 (membrane cofactor protein of complement, measles virus receptor): structural and functional divergence among species (review). | human cd46 was identified as a complement regulator and was later shown to be a measles virus receptor. the ubiquitous distribution profile of cd46 accounted for systemic measles infection and general protection of host tissue/organs from autologous complement. a similar ubiquitous distribution was observed for swine and simian cd46 homologues based upon subsequent cdna cloning and northern analysis, reinforcing the roles of cd46. in contrast, recent cdna cloning and distribution analyses of mur ... | 1998 | 9852300 |
| measles virus replication in cells of myelomonocytic lineage is dependent on cellular differentiation stage. | measles virus (mv)-infected monocytes may have a central role in virus-induced immunosuppression. our understanding of mv replication in monocytic cells is, however, incomplete. in this work we have investigated mv replication in cells of human myelomonocytic lineage with different maturation stages in order to study the effect of cellular maturation on virus infection. mv was able to infect human bone marrow myeloid granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (cfc-gm) as well as monocytes and m ... | 1999 | 9887316 |
| immune response-mediated protection of adult but not neonatal mice from neuron-restricted measles virus infection and central nervous system disease. | in many cases of neurological disease associated with viral infection, such as measles virus (mv)-induced subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in children, it is unclear whether the virus or the antiviral immune response within the brain is the cause of disease. mv inoculation of transgenic mice expressing the human mv receptor, cd46, exclusively in neurons resulted in neuronal infection and fatal encephalitis within 2 weeks in neonates, while mice older than 3 weeks of age were resistant to both ... | 1999 | 9971756 |
| cd46 transgene expression in pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells does not alter their susceptibility to measles virus or their capacity to downregulate endogenous and transgenic cd46. | cd46 (or membrane cofactor protein) protects autologous cells from complement-mediated lysis and has been expressed as a transgene in pigs to overcome complement-mediated hyperacute rejection of porcine organs upon transplantation into primates. since cd46 has been identified as a receptor for measles virus (mv), the susceptibility of cd46-transgenic (tg) pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to infection with mv strains which do and do not use cd46 as receptor was investigated. surprisi ... | 2000 | 10811926 |
| new genetic group of measles virus isolated in the people's republic of china. | genetic and antigenic characterization of 14 wild-type measles viruses isolated from four provinces in the people's republic of china during 1993 and 1994 was conducted. sequence analyses of the hemagglutinin (h) and nucleoprotein (n) genes indicated that 13 of the 14 chinese viruses comprised a previously undescribed genetic group. viruses from this unique group were the most genetically diverse measles viruses described, so far. the chinese viruses differed from other wild-type viruses by as m ... | 1998 | 9696123 |
| giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and viral hypotheses: a multicenter, prospective case-control study. groupe de recherche sur l'artérite à cellules géantes. | although suspected, a viral etiology has never been proven in giant cell arteritis (gca). we tested for viruses known to induce multinucleated giant cells in human pathology, which include the parainfluenza viruses (hpiv), respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, herpesviruses type 1 and 2, and the epstein-barr virus. | 1999 | 9972970 |
| requirements for measles virus induction of rantes chemokine in human astrocytoma-derived u373 cells. | interferons and chemokines play a critical role in regulating the host response to viral infection. measles virus, a member of the paramyxoviridae family, induces rantes expression by astrocytes. we have examined the mechanism of this induction in u373 cells derived from a human astrocytoma. rantes was induced in a dose- and time-dependent manner by measles virus infection. inhibition of receptor binding by the anti-cd46 antibody tra-2.10 and of virus-membrane fusion by the tripeptide x-phe-phe- ... | 1999 | 10074163 |
| structural and functional studies of the measles virus hemagglutinin: identification of a novel site required for cd46 interaction. | the entry of measles virus (mv) into human cells is mediated by the initial attachment of the viral hemagglutinin (ha) to the complement regulatory protein cd46. two subdomains, one each within cd46 short consensus repeats (scrs) 1 and 2, are responsible for this interaction. however, little is known about the regions within mv ha needed for a high-affinity cd46 interaction. to better define the ha-cd46 interaction, we took three approaches: chimeric domain swapping, peptide scanning, and alanin ... | 1999 | 10087234 |
| management of a measles outbreak among old world nonhuman primates. | a measles outbreak in a facility housing old world nonhuman primates developed over a 2-month period in 1996, providing an opportunity to study the epidemiology of this highly infectious disease in an animal-handling setting. | 1999 | 10090093 |
| [immunodepressive effect of measles and parotitis virus in vitro]. | mechanisms of suppressive effect of measles and parotitis virus on lymphocyte proliferation and cytolytic activity of natural killers are studied in vitro. both viruses exert a weak mitogenic effect on human blood lymphocytes and at the same time suppress their response to phytohemagglutinin stimulation in vitro. suppressive effect of measles virus is more expressed than of parotitis virus. moreover, measles virus suppresses lysis of human blood killer target cells. the suppressive effect manife ... | 1999 | 10190242 |
| measles immunization in hiv-infected children. american academy of pediatrics. committee on infectious diseases and committee on pediatric aids. | children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have had high rates of mortality attributable to measles, but until recently, measles vaccine was assumed to be safe for these children. a single fatal case of pneumonia attributable to vaccine type-measles virus has been documented in a young adult with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. because a protective immune response often does not develop in severely immunocompromised hiv-infected patients after immunization and some risk of sev ... | 1999 | 10224192 |
| characterization of the inflammatory response during acute measles encephalitis in nse-cd46 transgenic mice. | expression of the human measles virus receptor, cd46, in the murine central nervous system allows infection and replication by wild-type human measles virus (mv) strains (rall, g.f., manchester, m., daniels l.r., callahan, e., belman, a., oldstone, m.b.a., 1997. a transgenic mouse model for measles virus infection of the brain. proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 94, 2243-2248). mv replicates in neurons in focal lesions of the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus, leading to death of the animals. in mv-in ... | 1999 | 10337919 |
| [the immunoassay of igm antibodies in samples clinically suspected of measles]. | 60 matched sera clinically suspicious of measles that were received at the diagnostic laboratory of the "pedro kourí" tropical medicine institute between january and may, 1996, coming from the seroepidemiological surveillance of the mpr vaccine were studied. the detection of measles and rubella hemagglutinant antibodies, as well as of igm, was carried out with the clark laboratories inc. measles igm elisa diagnostic kit. the positive cases were confirmed by the igm-indirect immunofluorescence an ... | 1998 | 10349427 |
| use of site-specific mutagenesis and monoclonal antibodies to map regions of cd46 that interact with measles virus h protein. | researchers at our laboratory have been dissecting the binding domains of the receptor for the edmonston laboratory strain of measles virus (cd46) through site-specific mutagenesis. we initially substituted most of the hydrophilic amino acids in the two external short consensus regions (scri and scrii) of cd46 with the amino acid alanine [hsu et al. (1997) j. virol. 71:6144-6154] and found that the glutamic-arginine residues at positions 58 and 59 were particularly sensitive to change. here we c ... | 1999 | 10366568 |
| subsets of t-cells and in vitro cytokine production after measles and varicellae-zoster virus antigen stimulation in allogeneic bmt patients. | this study was performed to analyse differences in t-cell proliferation induced by a latent virus, varicellae-zoster virus (vzv) and a non-latent virus, measles virus, in patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt). the lymphoproliferative response to measles antigen, vzv-antigen (vzv-ag), and phytohemagglutinin (pha) was measured by 3h-thymidine incorporation, and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and interleukin-10 (il-10) analyses in supernatants after in vitro stimulation of perip ... | 1999 | 10381217 |
| recycling mhc class i molecules and endosomal peptide loading. | mhc class i molecules usually present peptides derived from endogenous antigens that are bound in the endoplasmic reticulum. loading of exogenous antigens on class i molecules, e.g., in cross-priming, sometimes occurs, but the intracellular location where interaction between the antigenic fragment and class i takes place is unclear. here we show that measles virus f protein can be presented by class i in transporters associated with antigen processing-independent, nh(4)cl-sensitive manner, sugge ... | 1999 | 10468607 |
| morbillivirus infections, with special emphasis on morbilliviruses of carnivores. | morbilliviruses infections cause significant mortality in human beings and animals. measles virus is responsible for up to two million childhood deaths annually in the developing world, while rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants cause severe epizootics in domestic and wild ruminants in areas of the world where they remain endemic. canine distemper virus (cdv) is a cause of fatal disease in many species of carnivores. distemper is controlled by vaccination in domestic dogs and farmed mink, b ... | 1999 | 10515262 |
| measles virus nucleocapsid transcript expression is not restricted to the osteoclast lineage in patients with paget's disease of bone. | abundant evidence supports a viral etiology for paget's disease of bone (pd), however, an infectious virus has not been isolated from pd patients. thus, it is unclear how the virus is maintained for the many years that the disease persists in patients. we considered if a primitive multipotential hematopoietic stem cell (hsc), which is self-renewing, passes the virus to its differentiated progeny and serves as a reservoir for the pathogen. if a primitive stem cell harbored measles virus (mv), the ... | 1999 | 10517494 |
| mononuclear leukocytes preferentially bind via cd44 to hyaluronan on human intestinal mucosal smooth muscle cells after virus infection or treatment with poly(i.c). | pathological changes in inflammatory bowel disease include an increase in intestinal mucosal mononuclear leukocytes and hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosae smooth muscle cells (m-smcs). because virus infections have correlated with disease flare, we tested the response of cultured m-smcs to respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, and the viral analogue, poly(i.c). adhesion of u937 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells was used to measure the leukocyte-interactive potential of m-smcs ... | 1999 | 10521464 |
| interaction of measles virus (hallé strain) with cd46: evidence that a common binding site on cd46 facilitates both cd46 downregulation and mv infection. | cd46 acts as a cellular receptor for vaccine strains of measles virus (mv). the mv/cd46 interaction-mediated by the mv attachment glycoprotein, the hemagglutinin (h)-not only facilitates infection but also induces cd46 downregulation. a conflict of opinion exists as to whether a single mvh binding site on cd46, or two separate sites, facilitates the two phenomena. to investigate this conundrum we first tested and compared a panel of cd46-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) for their capacity t ... | 1999 | 10527876 |
| fatal measles virus infection in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). | an outbreak of natural measles virus infection occurred in a group of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). over a period of 4 months, 12 of 53 japanese macaques died following a 2-23-day history of anorexia, diarrhea, and dermatitis. the monkeys were kept in outdoor exhibits but had been moved temporarily into indoor caging and then transferred to new outdoor exhibits. ten monkeys died while they were in temporary caging, and two monkeys died after they were moved to new outdoor exhibits. the dia ... | 1999 | 10568440 |
| dna immunization: effect of secretion of dna-expressed hemagglutinins on antibody responses. | dna vaccines expressing plasma membrane and secreted forms of the influenza and measles virus hemagglutinins (has) have been used to evaluate the effect of secretion on dna-raised antibody responses. at low doses of dna, the plasma membrane form of the influenza virus ha raised higher titers of antibody than the secreted form. the isotype of the dna-raised antibodies depended on both the method of dna delivery and the form of the expressed antigen. following intramuscular injections, dnas expres ... | 1999 | 10580193 |
| v and c proteins of measles virus function as virulence factors in vivo. | the measles virus (mv) p gene encodes three proteins: the p protein and two nonstructural proteins, c and v. because the functions of both the c and v protein are unknown, we used mv c (c-) and v (v-) deletion recombinants generated by the mv reverse genetics system (f. radecke, p. spielhofer, h. schnieder, k. kaelin, m. huber, c. dotsch, g. christiansen, and m. a. billeter 1995. embo j. 14, 5773-5784). compared to parental vaccine strain, edmonston (ed) mv, both had normal growth and cytopathic ... | 2000 | 10648185 |
| analysis of measles virus binding sites of the cd46 gene in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. | measles virus (mv) binding sites of the cd46 gene were sequenced in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) and in controls. there were 3 novel polymorphisms, including c/t at nucleotide position 38 (c/t38), g/a at position 176 (g/a176), and c/t at position 453 (c/t453), at allele frequencies of.97:.03, .99:.01, and.97:.03, respectively. the g/a176 polymorphism causes an arg/gln amino acid change within the essential binding sites of mv, whereas the c/a38 polymorphism causes a s ... | 2000 | 10751138 |
| multiple antiviral activities of cyanovirin-n: blocking of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 interaction with cd4 and coreceptor and inhibition of diverse enveloped viruses. | cyanovirin-n (cv-n) is a cyanobacterial protein with potent neutralizing activity against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). cv-n has been shown to bind hiv type 1 (hiv-1) gp120 with high affinity; moreover, it blocks the envelope glycoprotein-mediated membrane fusion reaction associated with hiv-1 entry. however, the inhibitory mechanism(s) remains unclear. in this study, we show that cv-n blocked binding of gp120 to cell-associated cd4. consistent with this, pretreatment of gp120 with cv-n in ... | 2000 | 10775592 |
| successful vaccine-induced seroconversion by single-dose immunization in the presence of measles virus-specific maternal antibodies. | in humans, maternal antibodies inhibit successful immunization against measles, because they interfere with vaccine-induced seroconversion. we have investigated this problem using the cotton rat model (sigmodon hispidus). as in humans, passively transferred antibodies inhibit the induction of measles virus (mv)-neutralizing antibodies and protection after immunization with mv. in contrast, a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) expressing the mv hemagglutinin (vsv-h) induces high titers ... | 2000 | 10775601 |
| macrophage colony-stimulating factor antagonists inhibit replication of hiv-1 in human macrophages. | macrophages infected with hiv-1 produce high levels of m-csf and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha (mip-1alpha). m-csf facilitates the growth and differentiation of macrophages, while the chemotactic properties of mip-1alpha attract both t lymphocytes and macrophages to the site of hiv infection. studies described in this work indicate m-csf may function in an autocrine/paracrine manner to sustain hiv replication, and data suggest possible therapeutic strategies for decreasing viral load fo ... | 2000 | 10779806 |
| molecular remodelling of human cd46 for xenotransplantation: designing a potent complement regulator without measles virus receptor activity. | in pig-to-human discordant xenotransplantation, human complement (c) is a major barrier to long survival of xenografts. the current idea on how to cope with this barrier is that human complement regulatory proteins are forcibly expressed on xenografts to serve as safeguards against host c-induced hyperacute rejection of xenografts. co-expression of decay-accelerating factor (daf) (cd55) and membrane cofactor protein (mcp) (cd46) would be the first choice for this trial, because most of the human ... | 2000 | 10809968 |
| expression of measles virus antigens in streptococcus gordonii. | the measles virus proteins haemagglutinin (ha) and fusion protein (f), which together mediate attachment and penetration of the virus in the host cell and can elicit production of neutralising antibodies in the course of natural infection were expressed in the vaccine vector streptococcus gordonii, a gram-positive bacterium normally present in the human oral cavity. ha and f were expressed as fusion proteins attached to the bacterial surface, and were both found to be immunogenic when the recomb ... | 2000 | 10872681 |
| measles virus-induced immunosuppression in vitro is independent of complex glycosylation of viral glycoproteins and of hemifusion. | expression of the measles virus (mv) f/h complex on the surface of viral particles, infected cells, or cells transfected to express these proteins (presenter cells [pc]) is necessary and sufficient to induce proliferative arrest in both human and rodent lymphoid cells (responder cells [rc]). this inhibition was found to occur independent of apoptosis and soluble mediators excluded by a pore size filter of 200 nm released from either pc or rc. we now show that reactive oxygen intermediates which ... | 2000 | 10906208 |
| prevention of mammary tumors with a chimeric her-2 b-cell epitope peptide vaccine. | synthetic peptide vaccines targeting b-cell epitopes of the extracellular domain of the her-2 oncoprotein were evaluated for their capacity to elicit her-2-specific antibodies with antiproliferative activity. several her-2 b-cell epitopes were identified by computer-aided analysis of protein antigenicity, and selected b-cell epitopes were synthesized colinearly with a promiscuous t-helper epitope (208-302) derived from the measles virus fusion protein at either the nh2 or cooh terminus linked vi ... | 2000 | 10919651 |
| identification of distinct signaling pathways leading to the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3. | infection of host cells by viruses leads to the activation of multiple signaling pathways, resulting in the expression of host genes involved in the establishment of the antiviral state. among the transcription factors mediating the immediate response to virus is interferon regulatory factor-3 (irf-3) which is post-translationally modified as a result of virus infection. phosphorylation of latent cytoplasmic irf-3 on serine and threonine residues in the c-terminal region leads to dimerization, c ... | 2001 | 11035028 |
| regulated production and molecular diversity of human liver and activation-regulated chemokine/macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha from normal and transformed cells. | liver and activation-regulated chemokine (larc), also designated macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha (mip-3alpha), exodus, or ccl20, is a c-c chemokine that attracts immature dendritic cells and memory t lymphocytes, both expressing ccr6. depending on the cell type, this chemokine was found to be inducible by cytokines (il-1beta) and by bacterial, viral, or plant products (including lps, dsrna, and pma) as measured by a specific elisa. although coinduced with monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (m ... | 2000 | 11035086 |
| evidence for distinct complement regulatory and measles virus binding sites on cd46 scr2. | human cd46, or membrane cofactor protein, is a regulator of complement activation and is used as a cellular receptor by measles virus. using a series of 13 single point mutants, the region of short consensus repeat (scr) 2 domain involved in the regulation of complement activation was mapped to residues e84, n94, y98, e102, e103, i104 and e108. molecular modelling localized all residues, with the exception of e84, close to each other on the external lateral face of the molecule, away from the re ... | 2000 | 11093164 |
| pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects of crohn's disease. | crohn's disease is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory condition affecting any part of the human gastrointestinal tract. it is characterised by transmural inflammation with deep ulceration, thickening of the bowel wall and fistula formation. the hallmark is the non-caseating granuloma. clinical presentation depends upon the site of the inflammation. pain and diarrhoea are frequent. extraintestinal manifestations develop in up to 25% of patients and perianal disease is also frequent. the aetiology ... | 2000 | 11118735 |
| prolonged measles virus shedding in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children, detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. | a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect measles virus rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, urine, and nasopharyngeal specimens from zambian children during hospitalization and approximately 1-2 months after discharge. of 47 children, 29 (61.7%) had prolonged measles virus shedding, as defined by detection of measles virus rna in > or =1 specimen obtained 30-61 days after rash onset. ten (90.9%) of 11 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children ha ... | 2001 | 11170977 |
| acute measles gastric infection. | we describe the case of a 44-year-old man who was referred for gastroscopy because of abdominal pain. during endoscopy, inflammatory changes of the antrum and corpus mucosa were clearly visible, and biopsy samples from the antrum and corpus mucosa were taken. at histology, routine hematoxylin and eosin staining showed characteristics indicative of so-called ex-helicobacter pylori-gastritis that had developed after antibiotic treatment 2 years ago. additional large, bizarre inclusion bodies and c ... | 2001 | 11176076 |
| antigen loading of mhc class i molecules in the endocytic tract. | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules bind antigenic peptides that are translocated from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum by the transporter associated with antigen processing. mhc class i loading independent of this transporter also exists and involves peptides derived from exogenously acquired antigens. thus far, a detailed characterization of the intracellular compartments involved in this pathway is lacking. in the present study, we have used the model system in ... | 2001 | 11247303 |
| [significance of paramyxovirinae protein f in physiopathology and immunity]. | the paramyxovirinae sub-family contains viruses of major importance for humans (measles and mumps viruses) and animals (newcastle disease virus, canine distemper virus, rinderpest virus) but also zoonotic viruses (hendra and nipah viruses). newcastle disease virus, a rubulavirus, which is specific of birds, can be used as a model for understanding the pathogenicity mechanisms of paramyxovirinae and for the study of vaccination against the diseases they cause. the f protein of pathogenic strains ... | 2000 | 11268674 |